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Mike Cohen
I found all this at Value Village, all told for $72 No sets are complete, all are missing at least 1 or two minifigs, smaller items in the set, and a couple cases had some glue on them, most notable the TIE advanced. Still one heck of a deal.
Dartmouth has been recognized for the exceptional value of its education and acknowledged for the low debt load carried by undergraduates in U.S. News and World Report's "Best Colleges 2015." The College came in at No. 5 among national universities in terms of least debt carried by graduates, moving up from No. 12 last year.
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2016 Now as Samraa Alkhaleej
Name:Value
IMO:9470131
Flag:Malta
MMSI:215137000
Callsign:9HA2650
Vessel type:Crude Oil Tanker
Gross tonnage:61,336 tons
Summer DWT:115,984 tons
Length:249 m
Beam:44 m
Draught:8.8 m
Home port:Valletta
Class society:Det Norske Veritas
Build year:2011
Builder:Samsung Shipbuilding & Heavy Industries
Goeje, South Korea
( you don't know me at all ) | i was tagged by: cakeybabes, picture prefect
16 non-essential* variables of scottelbot's programming:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. sto imparando parlare italiano
2. i have a rather irrational fear of ferris wheels, (particularly rickety wooden ones found precariously perched upon seaside boardwalks), but ride them anyway. white knuckle.
3. my favorite part of amelie--one of my favorite movies--is the beginning, wherein the writer employs a plot device of "likes/dislikes" to introduce the main characters. i thought this clever, concise, and quirky. ever since then, i've used this strategy to classify most people that i meet. (clearly, i am also fond of strategems.. ;).)
as an aside, i have forgotten the names of most everyone that i have met, but i almost always remember their likes and dislikes.
4. i will try just about anything i can read about first. i read everything i can.
5. i was a vegetarian for over two years, and have never been so sick in my life. i am now a conscientious omnivore, and am feeling much better. (fwiw, i can probably eat more than anybody you know, not kidding.)
6. i have a degree in computer science, and graduated with highest comprehensive honors in my class. very few of my friends know that i am actually a geek, er, was. now postgeek.
7. i have become sadly complacent in a 9-5 job that does not leverage my talent, for an employer that does not value my skills. this suggests that i, also, do not value my skills, that i have been incredibly distracted, or both.
(fwiw, i am starting graduate school in two weeks. i will not be studying computers ).
8. i am tremendously averse to drama, and lament that this year has been nothing but.
9. i can still land a kick-flip, though i rarely skate anymore.
10. i race vintage motorcycles. this happened somewhat by accident, (i read a book), and has awakened a silent competitive side of me that i did not know existed.
11. i have broken 9 bones, a cumulative total 12 times, of which the first clavicle was easily the worst. i am often compelled to point out that i have never broken a bone riding motorcycles, whereas i have broken 2 whilst walking.
12. when i was seven, i informed my mom of a growing suspicion that i would be destroyed by a french-speaking woman. i still suspect this, though i am unable to define 'destroy' when asked; i should have written it down back then.
13. i have a near-militant dislike for feet in general, toes in particular. mine, yours, everybody's. it's an aesthetic thing. shoes that show toes--and worse, squish toes through ill-placed openings--are the extreme worst case scenario of this.
14. i very much like socks, particularly striped ones. not only are they fun, they are remarkably adapt at hiding feet. win-win!
15. i have a very overactive imagination, and frequently envision the worst case scenario when given creative license to do so. when not freely given, i sometimes abscond with creative license to do so.
16. i really do not like it when people talk in loud voices, almost as much as i dislike those that repeat themselves, repetitively. the intersection of these--those that repeat themselves whilst yelling--is practically insufferable.
--
* comments regarding coffee, or pupsi, were excluded from this list due to their designation as highly important, thereby essential sub-routines. further, these are also bluntly obvious within this flickr stream, and would therefor be grossly redundant.
THE food industry is being squeezed from all sides. Last year prices for milk, eggs, corn, wheat, oils and almost all other edible commodities climbed to unprecedented levels. They are still rising, although at a slower pace. The prices of electricity and fuel are also on the increase, which makes processing and distribution more expensive. And passing on higher costs is not easy when customers too are feeling the pinch, as unemployment rises, the value of their homes falls, and inflation erodes their purchasing power.
In one sense, food is recession-proof, since people have to eat in good times and bad. What is more, over the past 30 years the share of food in American and European household spending has fallen from an average of 30% to less than 10%, so consumers do not care about price hikes as much as they did in the past. Even so, they are responding to the economic gloom by changing what they eat, where they eat and where they buy their groceries.
Martin Deboo, an analyst at Investec Securities, a stockbroker, uses the well-worn but apt analogy of the “perfect storm” to describe the industry's predicament. Those best positioned to weather it include multinational companies with diversified customer bases, such as Nestlé, Unilever and Danone, as well as retailers that focus on low prices, such as America's Wal-Mart. Among the losers are posh grocers such as Whole Foods Market, a firm based in Texas which specialises in fancy, often organic food (see chart). The downturn also hurts smaller companies that do not have the benefits of scale, depend too much on customers in a single country or region, and do not add much value to the commodities they process.
Nestlé, the world's biggest food firm, has so far coped well with the rise in commodity prices. Its sales around the world grew 7% last year compared with an average of 1.8% for the industry. Like most of its rivals, the firm has passed some of the price increases on to its clients. But it was better prepared for inflation than most. “We saw this coming, so we hedged by forward-buying raw materials,” says François-Xavier Perroud, Nestlé's spokesman.
Far-sighted and nimble sourcing, needless to say, has become more important than ever. Nestlé, which uses lots of milk making baby formula and chocolate bars, buys it under contract directly from farmers, rather than on the open market, where prices jumped by as much as 50% last year. It has also changed the recipe of some of its goodies to reduce their milk content.
But even clever purchasing is not enough to help makers of lightly processed or generic products, which tend to have slender margins. So Nestlé is getting out of the business of making basic wholesale products such as tomato purée and cocoa paste. It is also putting a huge pasta factory at Sansepolcro in Italy up for sale, though it will continue to use much of its output, and to sell fresh pasta dishes, sauces and other more profitable Italian products under the Buitoni brand.
Hold the soya oil
Kraft, one of America's biggest food firms, is struggling with the soaring prices of its ingredients. The cost of these jumped by 9% or $1.3 billion last year, taking a bite out of profits. The Illinois-based company says it is working hard to defray the extra expense by saving money elsewhere. But it believes its best defence against rising costs is to go on the attack, with products and marketing that are better suited to leaner times. For example, the company has changed the recipe and packaging of Miracle Whip, a salad dressing and sandwich spread that is advertised as having the taste of mayonnaise with half the fat. It now comes in a plastic jar instead of a glass one, and has a wider opening that allows buyers to scrape out the very last glob. It now contains less soya oil, which is both fattening and expensive, and more water, which is slimming and cheap.
Kraft has launched a new pizza called DiGiorno Ultimate, in an effort to lift its DiGiorno brand of frozen pizzas into what it calls the “super premium” category. The idea is to offer consumers a cheaper alternative to eating in pizzerias, which rack up $35 billion in sales each year in America. Customers seem to like it: the DiGiorno Ultimate accounted for a third of all sales of new sorts of frozen pizza last year. To keep the pizzas flying from the freezers this year, Kraft plans to offer individual servings of both its DiGiorno and California Pizza Kitchen brands, aimed at single people who might not enjoy a lonely meal at a pizzeria anyway.
American restaurants are also feeling the effects of the slowing economy, according to a spokeswoman for the National Restaurant Association. The industry is still growing: sales are still forecast to reach $558 billion in 2008. But the rate of growth, at 4.4%, is lower than in previous years. So far restaurant-goers are not cutting back too much on their restaurant visits, but they are spending less each time. Restaurateurs are trying to avoid passing the higher cost of ingredients on to customers by increasing productivity—by training waiters to double as kitchen hands, for example.
Cheap restaurants are becoming more popular. McDonald's, the biggest fast-food chain, did much better last year than the year before, though the firm says it is not sure whether to attribute this to higher food prices, revised menus or a redesign of many of its outlets. Its customers do not (yet) seem to be trading down to “value-priced” food, but then all the items on its menu cost less than $10.
Just to be on the safe side, McDonald's has come up with a whole menu of items that cost just $1. It has started an advertising campaign aimed at “Dollar Menunaires”. Its rivals have followed suit: Wendy's and Burger King are both selling double cheeseburgers for $1. Even Starbucks has plans for a $1 coffee.
Another firm that is thriving in the stormy environment is Wal-Mart, the world's biggest supermarket chain. It argues that its obsessive focus on low prices is in keeping with the straitened times. The firm is working with food producers to come up with ever-cheaper offers. “We aim to be, wherever possible, the first to lower prices and the last to raise them,” says a spokeswoman.
Food prices are likely to remain high for some time. The trends that are feeding the inflation, including increased demand from developing countries and the growing diversion of crops to make biofuels, show little sign of slowing. But necessity is the mother of invention; and the food industry seems to have no shortage of fresh recipes.
Oesterreichische Nationalbank
Logo of the Austrian National Bank
Headquarters Vienna, Austria
Central Bank of Austria
Currency€
To ISO 4217 EUR
website
Previous Austro- Hungarian Bank
List of Central Banks
Oesterreichische Nationalbank, at Otto-Wagner -Platz No. 3, Vienna
The Austrian National Bank (OeNB), Austria's central bank as an integral part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the Eurosystem. It is instrumental in the design of the economic development in Austria and in the euro area. Legally, the OeNB is a public limited company.. However, it is also subject to further enshrined in the National Bank Act regulations resulting from its separate position as a central bank. In the framework of the Eurosystem, the OeNB contributes to a stability-oriented monetary policy. At the national level, it cares about the preservation of financial stability and the money supply and manage foreign exchange reserves to hedge against the euro in times of crisis. The guideline values in terms of the tasks of the Austrian National Bank are "security, stability and trust".
Contents
1 History
1.1 1816 to 1818
1.2 1818 to 1878
1.3 1878 to 1922
1.4 1922 to 1938
1.5 1938 to 1945
1.6 1945 to 1998
1.7 From 1999
2 The OeNB as a modern central bank
3 Legal form and organs
3.1 Legal framework
3.2 organs
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 General
3.2.3 Board of Directors
4 Tasks
4.1 Monetary policy strategies and monetary policy decision-making process
4.1.1 Economic analysis
4.1.2 Production of statistical information
4.1.3 Contribute to international organizations
4.2 Implementation of monetary policy
4.2.1 use of monetary policy instruments
4.2.2 Reserve Management
4.2.3 Money Supply
4.3 Communication of monetary policy
4.4 ensure financial stability
4.4.1 Financial Stability
4.4.2 Payment System Stability and payments
5 The OeNB in the European System of National Banks
6 President / Governors
7 See also
8 Literature
9 links
10 Notes and references
History
1816-1818
As long as 50 years before the founding of the National Bank the Habsburgs carried out first experiments with securities in the form of paper money. Finally, in the 18th Century the issue of banknotes transferred to a state independent institution, while the issue of paper money called "Banco notes," founded in 1705 by the "Vienna City Bank" took place in 1762.
In wartime governance took back control of the money issue, so there was an inflation of Banco-Zettel 1796-1810. The state ordered the forced acceptance of paper money in private transport, which led to a fast-growing discount on bills in the market. 1799 was therefore one for 100 guilders paper money only 92 guilders in silver coins, and at the end of 1810 the value of the paper florin had fallen to 15 % of the nominal value of the Banco-Zettel. Later, the Habsburgs declared a devaluation of the Banco-Zettel in the ratio of 5:1. This act was considered by the business community as a sovereign default, which the paper money experienced a rapid devaluation.
At the end of the Napoleonic wars the Habsburg multinational state ( → Habsburg Monarchy) faced a new challenge: the restoration of a European balance. Church, the nobility, the army and the bureaucracy as elements in the Ancien Régime were not sufficient to solve this problem, a well -founded economic situation was needed. Moreover, one could not ignore readily the laws of supply and demand.
In this regard, were the first June 1816 by Emperor Francis I two patents issued (later to distinguish the "main patent" or "bank patent"), the "privileged Austrian National Bank", conceived as a public company, had to constitute itself as soon a possible, propose the emperor three of its directors for selection of the governor and take up their activity provisionally on 1 July 1816.
The National Bank had henceforth a monopoly on the issuance of paper money, which led to a slowdown in the Austrian monetary system and an increase in the value of paper money. The economy was again a solid source of money keeping constant the value of money regardless of the spending plans of the State. The equity of the Bank justified this by share issues.
Initially comprised the activities of the bank - under temporary management - the redemption of paper money and the issuance of shares. The full effectiveness attained the National Bank until after the issue of 1,000 shares and the associated possibility of shareholders to set the management themselves.
1818-1878
On 15 July 1817 recieved the National Bank as the "first Bankprivilegium" the exclusive right to unrestricted issue of banknotes and in this context a special position in terms of Rediskontgeschäfts (rediscount business). Beginning of 1818 the definitive bank management was ready. Part of it were among leading figures of Viennese society, including the banker Johann Heinrich von Geymüller and Bernard of Eskeles. From 1830 to 1837 the Office of the Governor was held by Adrian Nicholas Baron Barbier.
In the countries of the Habsburg Monarchy, which were characterized in large part by an agricultural oriented activity pattern, some regions showed a lively commercial-industrial growth. The goal now was to create a system of economic exchange between these areas. Successively established the National Bank branch network and thus guaranteed a uniform money and credit supply. From its headquarters in Vienna this network extended over early industrial areas and commercial centers in Eastern and Central Europe to the northern Mediterranean.
Trade bills and coins were preferred assets of the National Bank, less the supply of money to the state. With the exchange transactions, the National Bank supported the economic growth of the monarchy and secured at the same time the supply of silver coins in the event that the need for these increases in exchange for bank notes, contrary to expectations. 1818 was the National Bank, however, by increasing public debt, due to high spending in times of crisis, not spared to make an increase in the government debt positions on the asset side of its balance sheet.
The patent provisions of the founding of the National Bank not sufficiently secured against the autonomy of governance. At the center of the struggle for independence, this was the question of the extent to which the issue of banknotes must be made on the basis of government bonds. In 1841, a renewal of Bankprivilegiums got a weakening of the independence by pushing back the influence of the shareholders in favor of the state administration. During the revolution of 1848/49 followers of constitutional goals received great support from senior figures in the National Bank. For about a hundred years, the Austrian branch of the Rothschild bank (from which from 1855, the "Royal Privileged Austrian Credit-Institute for Commerce and Industry", the later Creditanstalt, was born) was playing a leading role in the banking center of Vienna. Salomon Mayer von Rothschild was involved during the pre-March in all major transactions of the National Bank for the rehabilitation of the state budget.
Special focus the National Bank was putting on the development of the premium that was payable at the exchange of banknotes into silver money in business dealings. The increase, which corresponded to a depreciation of the notes issued by the Bank should be prevented. From an overall state perspective, the increase of the silver premium means a deterioration in terms of the exchange ratio towards foreign countries, influencing the price competitiveness of the Austrian foreign trade adversely. The stabilization of the premium were set some limits. Although the height of the emission activitiy was depending on the Bank, but also the price of silver and the potential effects of increased government debt materially affected the silver premium. Especially the 1848 revolution and conflicts in the following years caused an increasement of the silver premium.
Mid-century, the private banking and wholesale houses were no longer able to cope with the rapidly growing financial intermediation of the Habsburg monarchy. New forms of capital formation were required. From an initiative of the House of Rothschild, the first by the government approved and private joint-stock bank was created. This formation was followed in 1863 and 1864 by two other joint-stock banks, whose major shareholders included important personalities of the aristocracy, who possessed large liquid funds. Overall, grew with these banks the money creation potential of the "financial center of Vienna".
The central bank faced another difficult task: with its limited resources it had to secure sufficient liquidity on the one hand and on the other hand prevent the inflationary expansion of the money supply. Through close contacts with the shareholders of Vienna was a financial center (informal) ballot, especially in times of crisis, easily dealt out. In contrast, it gave differences of opinion in the Fed Board, which required enforcement of decisions.
In 1861, Friedrich Schey Koromla became director of the National Bank. On 27 December 1862 experienced the Bankprivilegium another innovation. The independence of the National Bank of the State was restored and anchored. Furthermore, was introduced the direct allocation of banknotes in circulation by the system of "Peel'schen Bank Act", which states that the fixed budget of 200 million guilders exceeding circulation of banknotes must be covered by silver coins. In 1866, when the German war ended in defeat for Austria, the compliance of the system was no longer met. The state felt itself forced to pay compensation for breach of privilege. This balance was supported by a law of 1872, after the National Bank may issue notes up to a maximum of 200 million guilders and each additional payment must be fully backed by gold or silver.
1873 the economic boom of the Habsburg monarchy was represented in a long-lasting rise in the share price. A now to be expecting break could by the behavior of the Vienna Stock not be intercepted, so it came to the "Great Crash of 1873". The in 1872 fixed restrictions of the circulation of notes for a short time have been suspended. Contrary to expectations, the money supply in crisis peak but only outgrew by nearly 1% the prescribed limit in the bank acts. The banks and the industrial and commercial companies survived the crash without major losses, although the share prices significantly lay below the initial level.
The years with high growth were followed by a period of stagnation.
1878-1922
As part of the compensation negotiations between Austria and Hungary in 1867, the National Bank was able to exercise fully their Privilegialrechte, the Kingdom of Hungary but now had the certified right, every ten years exercisable, to found an own central bank (bank note). As resulted from the first 10 -year period that furthermore none of the two parts of the monarchy wanted to build an independent money-issuing bank (Zettelbank), was built on 28 June 1878, initially to 31 December 1887 limited, an Austro-Hungarian Bank, and equipped with the Fed privilege. The first privilege of the new bank was a compromise in which on the one hand, regulations on liability for national debts as well as regulations limiting the influence of the government on banking businesses were included. 1878 Gustav Leonhardt was Secretary of the Bank.
The General Assembly and the General Council formed the unit of the bank management. Two directorates and major institutions - in Vienna and Budapest - represented the dual nature of the bank. 1892-1900 followed a long discussion finally the currency conversion from guilders (silver currency) to the crown (gold standard) with "Gold Crown" said coins.
Since the new banknotes were very popular in the public, now many gold coins piled up in the vaults of the Austro-Hungarian Bank. This period was characterized by a balanced combination of price growth and damping, the "per capita national product" grew while prices remained mostly stable. Against this background, it was easy for the Fed to encourage a new wave of industrialization.
With a third privilege in 1899 conditions were established under which the bank could be put into the financial services of the two countries, on the other hand there have been important innovations that paved a good exchange policy. By 1914, the exchange ratio of the Austro-Hungarian currency was unchanged with only minor fluctuations. In contrast, was the by conflicts marked political development.
The expansive foreign policy quickly led to high costs from which had to be shouldered by the central bank a significant part. The stability of the currency was in danger. Shortly after the beginning of World War I in 1914, laid down the Military Command to indemnify any seized property with double the price. There was an increasing scarcity of goods, connected with an ongoing expansion of the money supply and finally the increase in the price level on the 16-fold.
The resulting cost of the war of the Dual Monarchy were covered to 40% on central bank loans and 60% through war bonds. Over the duration of the war, the power force built up in recent decades has been frozen at the end of the conflict in 1918, the real income of the workers had fallen to one-fifth of the last year of peace.
With the end of the war the end for the old order had come, too. The decay of Cisleithania and Transleithania caused in several successor states, despite the efforts of the central bank to maintain the order, a currency separation (see Crown Currency in the decay of the monarchy, successor states). First, a separate "Austrian management" of the bank was introduced. It was encouraged to shoulder the shortcomings of the state budget of the Republic of Austria founded in 1918.
The new South Slav state began in January 1919 stamping its crown banknotes. The newly founded Czechoslovak Republic retained the crown currency (to date), but their printed banknotes in circulation as of February 1919 with indications that now these ar Czechoslovak crowns. (The country could an inflation as experienced by Austria avoide.) In March 1919, German Austria began to stamp its crown banknotes.
The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of 10 September 1919, by Austria on 25 October 1919 ratified and which on 16 July 1920 came into force, determined the cancellation and replacement of all crown banknotes of all successor states of Austria-Hungary as well as the complete liquidation of the Austro-Hungarian Bank under the supervision of the war winners. The last meetings of the Bank took place mid 1921 and at the end of 1922.
After a period of overvaluation of the crown the dollar rate rose from 1919 again. 1921, had to be paid over 5,000 Austrian crowns per dollar. In addition to the significant drop in the external value existed in Austria rising inflation. End of 1922 was ultimately a rehabilitation program with foreign assistance - the "Geneva Protocol" - passed which slowed down the inflation.
1922-1938
With Federal Law of 24 July 1922 the Minister of Finance was commissioned to build a central bank, which had to take over the entire note circulation plus current liabilities of the Austrian management of the Austro-Hungarian Bank. With Federal Law of 14 November 1922, certain provisions of the law were amended and promulgated the statutes of the Austrian National Bank. By order of the Federal Government Seipel I 29 December 1922, the Board of the Austrian Austro-Hungarian Bank issued authorization for the central bank union activity with 1 January 1923 have been declared extinct and was made known the commencement of operations of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank this day.
The statutes of the Austrian National Bank (OeNB) secured the independence from the state, the independence of the Bank under exclusion of external influences and the corresponding equity. First, the stabilization of the Austrian currency was at the forefront. With the Schilling Act of 20 December 1924 was the schilling currency (First Republic) with 1 Introduced in March 1925, it replaced the crown currency. For 10,000 crowns now you got a shilling.
As an important personality in terms of the order of the state budget, Dr. Victor Kienböck has to be mentioned. He was in the time from 1922 to 1924 and from 1926 to 1929 finance minister of the First Republic and from 1932 to 1938 President of the Austrian National Bank. Through his work remained the Austrian Schilling, also beyound the global economy crisis, stable. Under this condition, the Fed was able to cope with the large number of bank failures of the past.
1938-1945
According to the on 13th March issued Anschlussgesetz (annexation law) , the Reichsmark with order of the Fuehrer and Chancellor of 17 was March 1938 introduced in the country Austria and determines the course: A Reichsmark is equal to one shilling fifty pence. On the same day, the Chancellor ordered that the management of the to be liquidated National Bank was transferred to the Reichsbank.
With regulation of three ministers of the German Reich of 23 April 1938, the National Bank was established as a property of the Reichsbank and its banknotes the quality as legal tender by 25 April 1938 withdrawn; public funds had Schilling banknotes until 15th of may in 1938 to accept. All the gold and foreign exchange reserves were transferred to Berlin.
The Second World War weakened the Austrian economy to a great extent, the production force after the war corresponded to only 40% of that of 1937 (see also air raids on Austria). To finance the war, the Reichsbank brought to a high degree banknotes in circulation, which only a great victory of the kingdom (Reich) actual values would have been opposable. Since prices were strictly regulated, inflation virtually could be "banned" during the war.
1945-1998
In occupied postwar Austria about 10 billion shillings by Allied military occupying powers were initially printed, which contributed to significant price increases.
With the re-establishment of the Republic of Austria by the Austrian declaration of independence of 27 April 1945, it came to the resumption of activities of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank. By the "Fed Transition Act" of July 1945 preliminary legal regulations for the operations of the Bank have been established. The restoration of the Austrian currency was their first big job. The goal was the summary of all currencies, which at the time were in circulation, and their secondment to a new Austrian currency. The "Schilling Act" of November 1945, the basis for the re-introduction of the Schilling (Second Republic) as legal tender in Austria. The next step was to reduce excess liquidity to make necessary funds for new business investment available and to make the external value of the shilling for the development of the economy competitive. First, however, less changed the inflationary situation and also the shilling was still significantly undervalued in relation to other currencies.
The "Currency Protection Act" of 1947 brought a significant change in the monetary overhang. Some deposits have been deleted without replacement, others converted into claims against the Federal Treasury. The following exchange operations also significantly reduced the amount of cash: banknotes from 1945 were canceled and exchanged for new schilling notes in the ratio 1:3. Only 150 shillings per person could go 1-1.
To control inflation, the social partners came to the foreground. The associations of employers and employees set in 1947 prices for supplies, wages were also raised. This was the first of the five "wage-price agreements" of the social partners. In 1952, inflation was held back by limiting the use of monetary policy instruments by the National Bank. Also, the external sector slowly relaxed after the end of the Korean War.
In 1955, the Austrian National Bank was re-established by the new National Bank Act as a corporation and the by the National Bank Transition of Authorities Act (Nationalbank-Überleitungsgesetz) established provisional arragement abolished. The National Bank Act stipulated that each half of the capital should be situated at the federal government and private shareholders. In addition to the independence of bank loans of the state, the new National Bank Act also contained an order that the central bank must watch within their monetary and credit policies on the economic policies of the federal government. From now on also included within the instruments of the National Bank were the areas open market and minimum reserve policy.
The Austrian economy increasingly stabilized, through good fiscal and monetary policy a high growth could be attained, with low inflation and long-term maintenance of external equilibrium.
1960, Austria joined the European Free Trade Association and participated in the European integration.
In the sixties came the international monetary system based on gold-dollar convertibility into currency fluctuations and political reforms were necessary. First, the loosening of exchange rate adjustments between several states was an option. However, U.S. balance of payments problems brought with it restrictions on capital movements, and then the Euro-Dollar market was born. In 1971, the convertibility of the U.S. dollar was lifted.
1975 interrupted a recession increasing growth time. International unbalanced ayments caused very extensive foreign exchange movements, whereby the intervention force of Austrian monetary policy has been strongly challenged. Their task now was to control the effect of foreign exchange on domestic economic activities to stabilize the shilling in the context of constantly shifting exchange rates and to control the price rise appropriately. Since the inflow of foreign funds reached to high proportions, so that the economic stability has been compromised, the policy went the way of the independent course design in a pool of selected European currencies.
The collapse of the economy forced the policy makers to a new course with active mutual credit control, subdued wage growth, financial impulses in supply and demand, and interest rates are kept low. This system of regulation, however, kept back the need for structural change, so it had to be given up in 1979. In the same year a fire destroyed large parts of the main building of the Austrian National Bank in Vienna. The repairs lasted until 1985.
Target in the eighties was to strengthen the economic performance using a competitive power comparison. The findings from the seventies stimulated the Austrian monetary policy to align the Schilling course at the Deutsche Mark to ensure price stability in the country. In addition, the structural change was initiated by inclusion in a large area. Stable, if not necessarily comfortable environment of monetary policy was a prerequisite, to secure the companies long-term productivity gains and thus safeguard their position in the economy.
Initially, this development stood a high level of unemployment in the way. Growth until the second half of the decade increased, at the same time increased the competitiveness and current accounts could be kept in balance.
In the nineties, the annexation of Austria took place in the European Community. 1995 Austria became a member of the European Union (EU) and joined the exchange rate mechanism of the European Monetary System. In 1998, the Central Banks (ESCB) have established the independence of institutions or bodies of the European Community and the governments of the EU Member States through an amendment to the National Bank Act of the Austrian National Bank to implement the goals and tasks of the European System. Thus, the legal basis for the participation of Austria in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was created in 1999.
As of 1999
The Austrian National Bank, and other national central banks including the European Central Bank ( ECB), belongs to the European System of Central Banks.
On 1 January 1999 was introduced in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union in Austria and ten other EU Member States, the euro as a common currency. The European Central Bank is henceforth responsible for monetary and currency policy, decisions in this regard will be taken in accordance with the Council of the European Central Bank.
Since May 2010, the OeNB is in full possession of the Republic of Austria, after originally lobbies, banks and insurance companies were involved with 50 % of the share capital in it. In 2011, the National Bank Act was adapted by an amendment (Federal Law Gazette I No. 50 /2011) in this circumstance, a renewed privatization is thus excluded by law.
The OeNB as a modern central bank
With the withdrawal from the retail business in the sixties as well as the first major internationalization and implementation of a strategic management in the seventies, the OeNB went on the way to a future-oriented central bank. Another major reform of banking began at the end of the eighties.
In terms of global development, the OeNB established in 1988 as a service company and expanded its guiding values - "security, stability and trust" - to the principles of " fficiency" and "cost-consciousness". The business center was optimized and strategic business experienced through targeted improvements a reinforcement. Be mentioned as examples are intensifying domestic cooperation in the area of payments by encouraging the creation of the Society for the Study co-payments (STUZZA), the liberalization of capital movements, the professional management of foreign exchange reserves, the improvement of the supply of money through the construction of the money center and the internationalization of business activities through the establishment of representative offices in Brussels (European Union), Paris (OECD) and the financial center of New York.
After Austria's accession to the EU in 1995, the OeNB participated in the European Monetary System (EMS ) and its Exchange Rate Mechanism. The integration in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) was the next step towards further development of policy stability. Since the conclusion of the Maastricht Treaty, the Austrian National Bank has very fully considered its role in the ESCB and created a basis for inclusion in the community. The profound economic and monetary policy of Austria was also a reference that qualified the OeNB to actively participate in the monetary future of Europe, a greater harmonization of the statistical framework and monetary policy instruments with a view to the euro system, the preparation of the issue of European banknotes, and the establishment of operational processes and organizational integration of business processes within the ESCB being specific objectives of the OeNB.
In the following, it came, inter alia, to the establishement of an economic study department, of an education or training initiative and to strengthen the position of payment transactions through the TARGET system.
A in 1996 created "OeNB master plan" provided important points for the upcoming transition to the euro.
In May 1998, a new pension system came into force, by which new employees were incorporated into a two-pillar model.
1999, Austria's participation in the third stage of EMU was manifest. The Austrian National Bank - as part of the ESCB - became the owner of the European Central Bank and received new powers in this context in the sense of participation in the monetary policy decision-making at the level of the European Community. With the introduction of the euro, monetary policy functions of the General Council have been transferred to the Governing Council. However, the implementation remains the responsibility of national central banks.
Activities of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank were or are, for example, the further professionalization of asset management, the expansion of the network of representative offices by opening a representative office in the financial center of London, preparation of the smooth introduction of euro cash in 2002 and the participation of the OeNB on the creation of the "A-SIT" (Center for secure Information Technology Center - Austria) and the "A-Trust" (society of electronic security systems in traffic GmbH ) in order to promote security in information technology.
In 1901, eight paintings of elegant women draped in costumes and known as sylphs were installed around the four central piers of Melbourne's Royal Exhibition Building in preparation for the opening of the very first Federal Parliament.
The sylphs representing the four seasons, Morning, Night, Truth and Justice were painted by Gordon Coutts, George Dancey, Girolamo Nerli and Leon Pole. Allegorical figures, usually women, were widely used to represent nations, values, stories and themes. In 1901 many people would have immediately recognised their symbolic associations. According to contemporary newspaper reports of the day, the artists had originally supplied the sylphs with less clothing than they are depicted in today. On viewing the paintings, the Victorian trustees insisted on the figures being shimmered over with more drapery, to protect the morals of those who viewed them!
The Royal Exhibition Building was designed by the architect Joseph Reed, who also designed the Melbourne Town Hall and the State Library of Victoria. According to the architect, the design was inspired by many different sources. The dome was modeled on the Florence Cathedral, while the main pavilions were influenced by the style of Rundbogenstil and several buildings from Normandy, Caen and Paris.
The foundation stone was laid by the then Victorian governor George Bowen on 19 February 1879 and it was completed in 1880, ready for the Melbourne International Exhibition. The building consisted of a Great Hall of over 12,000 square metres and many temporary annexes. In the 1880s, the building hosted two major International Exhibitions; the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880 and the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition in 1888 to celebrate a century of European settlement in Australia. The most significant event to occur in the Exhibition Building was the opening of the first Parliament of Australia on 9 May 1901, following the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January. After the official opening, the federal government moved to the Victorian State Parliament House, while the Victorian government moved to the Exhibition Building for the next 26 years. On 3 September, the Australian National Flag was flown at Royal Exhibition Building for the first time. On that day Prime Minister Edmund Barton announced the winners of a competition to design a flag for Australia. The buildings were a venue for the 1956 Summer Olympics, hosting the basketball, weightlifting, wrestling, and the fencing part of the modern pentathlon competitions. As it decayed, it became known derogatively by locals as The White Elephant in the 1940s and by the 1950s, like many buildings in Melbourne of that time it was earmarked for replacement by office blocks. In 1948, members of the Melbourne City Council put this to the vote and it was narrowly decided not to demolish the building. The wing of the building which once housed Melbourne's aquarium burnt down in 1953. During the 1940s and 1950s, the building remained a venue for regular weekly dances. Over some decades of this period it also held boat shows, automobile shows and other regular home and building industry shows. It was also used during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s for State High School Matriculation and for the Victorian Certificate of Education examinations, among its various other purposes. Nevertheless, the grand ballroom was demolished in 1979, leaving the main structure in place along with annexes constructed in the 1960s and 1970s. Following the demolition of the grand ballroom, there was a public outcry which prevented the main building from also being demolished.
During a visit to Victoria in 1984, Princess Alexandra (Queen Elizabeth II's cousin) bestowed the royal title on the building and it has been referred to as the Royal Exhibition Building ever since. This title, and the first conservation assessment of the building undertaken by Alan Willingham, sparked a restoration of the interiors of the building in the late 1980s and 1990s, and the construction of a mirror glass annexe (which was later demolished). In 1996, the then Premier of Victoria, Jeff Kennett, proposed the location and construction of Melbourne's State Museum on the adjacent site. Temporary annexes built in the 1960s were removed and in 1997 and 1998, the exterior of the building was progressively restored.
On 1 July 2004, the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens was granted listing as a World Heritage Site, the first building in Australia to be granted this status. The heritage listing states that "The Royal Exhibition Building is the only major extant nineteenth century exhibition building in Australia. It is one of the few major nineteenth century exhibition buildings to survive worldwide."
Legally, most states have time-based rules for the definition of "classic" for purposes such as antique vehicle registration; for example, Pennsylvania defines it as "A motor vehicle, but not a reproduction thereof, manufactured at least 10 years prior to the current year which has been maintained in or restored to a condition which is substantially in conformity with manufacturer specifications and appearance." Classic cars do hold value. If the car is garaged or taken care of then the appreciation value will go up. Also if the specific car is rare, then it will be worth a large amount. It all depends on the car make and model. Classic cars usually hold onto their value if not more.
Circa 1910 postcard view of one of the hotels at Crooked Lake, Indiana. The sign above the door identified this as THE BEACH hotel. Additional information on that sign included HOME PHONE 625 M, FRED SHEETS PROP., GROCERIES, SHORT-ORDER-ROOM, ICE CREAM PARLOR, and NICELY FURNISHED ROOMS IN CONNECTION. The sign to the left of the entrance advertised FRESH MEAT HERE FOR SALE. The bottom sign on the other side of the doorway advertised ICE CREAM 10c CONES 15c. The smaller sign included the value of $5.00, but is otherwise unclear. The sign on the utility pole read LAUNCH SERVICE and included an arrow pointing south or southeast. Another sign on the building advertised FISHING TACKLE. An American flag was hanging from a pole on the balcony.
Crooked Lake is located a short distance northwest of Angola in Steuben County. The hotel was located on West Orland Road at the northeast corner of the lake. That road approaches the northeast shore of the lake from the east and then turns northwest, paralleling the shore for a short distance before turning north. A section of the road east of that turn is visible in the background at the right edge of this scene. The turn itself is just outside this postcard view and the road in front of the hotel is running north and south. The photographer was standing in the road and facing east-southeast.
The St. Joseph Valley Railway (the “Valley Line”) crossed West Orland Road just north of this hotel, outside of this view on the left. The men and boys standing in front of the hotel had their luggage, picnic baskets, lanterns, etc. They may have travelled to Crooked Lake via the Valley Line.
In the early years of the 20th century, steam locomotives were hauling passengers and freight back and forth across northern Indiana, but there was a very large gap in the expanding electric interurban service. Passengers could not travel from Cleveland and Toledo to Chicago via the interurban system. The gap extended from Elkhart into Ohio. Entrepreneur, Herbert E. Bucklen, intended to fill that gap. He began by forming the St. Joseph Valley Traction Company and then the St. Joseph Valley Railway Company. Each company built portions of the new line that would connect Angola with Elkhart. The first completed segments connected LaGrange and Middlebury in 1905 and 1906.¹ Later, the line was extended westward toward Elkhart and eastward to Angola via Orland, Inverness and Crooked Lake. The final segment between Elkhart and Angola was completed in 1911.² However, the route was more of a hybrid, using gasoline-powered rather than electric trolley cars and using steam locomotives. Both of Mr. Bucklen’s companies entered receivership shortly after his death in 1917 and the assets were sold. The line had been unprofitable and was abandoned in 1918. The 15 miles of the route between LaGrange and Orland reopened briefly before it too was abandoned in 1920. West Orland Road is still there today, but the rails are long gone.
Mr. Bucklen was also a real estate developer in Elkhart and later in Chicago. Reports indicate he purchased land around Lake Gage and Shipshewana Lake for development in association with the construction of his railroad. He genuinely believed his railroad would further the development of the northeast Indiana lakes. Our research didn’t uncover any direct involvement by Mr. Bucklen in Crooked Lake real estate. Nonetheless, the arrival of Valley Line had an undeniable impact on the area as described by the Indiana Department of Fisheries and Game in a 1915 report.³
“Quickly the place became known beyond the confines of the county, to the extent that today cottages are closely built around the shore of the two western or main basins…. And these cottages are owned and occupied by people from Fort Wayne, Goshen, Angola, Elkhart, Lagrange and South Bend…. There are three good hotels at the lake, each able to care for a large number of guests comfortably. The first one to be built was the Beach Hotel standing near the shore at the railway station…. The most popular beach, however, is on the eastern shore just south of the Beach Hotel, the place having received the name of Long Beach.”
The referenced “railway station” in that excerpt was actually a wooden waiting shelter for passengers. The Crooked Lake shelter was one of several such shelters the Valley Line built along the route between Metz (east of Angola) and Bristol. Another postcard view of this hotel includes an unidentified structure along the Valley Line track that was probably the Crooked Lake shelter. The nearest stations were at Angola, Inverness and Orland.
John Inbody took the photograph used in the production of this postcard. Mr. Inbody worked out of his Elkhart studio to produce some extraordinary postcard scenes. He was probably the most consistent photographer in Indiana in terms of publishing high quality real photo postcards with interesting scenes. However, he died at a relatively young age in 1915. Since this postcard isn’t included in the U. S. Copyright Office data, it may have been produced prior to 1910 when Mr. Inbody began copyrighting his work.
1. . Frederick Nicholas, editor, American Street Railway Investments, Fifteenth Annual Volume (New York, NY: McGraw Publishing Co., 1908). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=j47IQgaWJM4C&printsec=front....
2. Frederic Nicholas, editor, McGraw Electric Railway Manual: The Red Book of American Street Railway Investments, 18th Annual Number (New York, NY: McGraw Publishing Company, 1911). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=Lj0_AQAAMAAJ&printsec=front....
3. Indiana Department of Fisheries and Game, Biennial Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries and Game (Indianapolis, IN: Wm. B. Burford, 1915). Available online at books.google.com/books?id=vLEWAAAAYAAJ&printsec=front....
From a private collection.
The full postcard image can be seen here.
www.flickr.com/photos/hoosier_recollections/6974040751/in...
Copyright 2004-2018 Hoosier Recollections. All rights reserved. This creative JPG file package is an original compilation of materials and data. The package is unique, consisting of a wide variety of related and integrated components. Neither this package in its entirety nor any of the individual components may be downloaded, transmitted or reproduced without the prior written permission of Hoosier Recollections.
A. Create a design that moves the value from light in the central area to dark in the outer perimeter.
B. Create a design that moves the value from dark in the central area to light at the outer perimeter. The following is what I came up with.
UN VALUE: Human Rights
This is not to say that one with a great amount of experience is always going to have an accurate intuition, however, the chances of it being more reliable are definitely amplified. The boy is taught to obey his teacher. Credit: United Nations/Mondal Nitai
Members of HMCS FREDERICTON prepare equipment in order to paint the ship during Operation REASSURANCE on 22 February 2023 in Souda Bay, Greece.
Please credit: Cpl Noé Marchon, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
Des membres d’équipage du NCSM FREDERICTON préparent le matériel pour peindre le navire au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 22 février 2023, dans la baie de Souda, en Grèce.
Photo : Cpl Noé Marchon, Forces armées canadiennes
Members of HMCS FREDERICTON paint the hull of the ship from a floating scaffold during Operation REASSURANCE on 22 February 2023 in Souda Bay, Greece.
Please credit: Cpl Noé Marchon, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
Des membres d’équipage du NCSM FREDERICTON peignent la coque du navire à partir d’un échafaudage flottant au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 22 février 2023, dans la baie de Souda, en Grèce.
Photo : Cpl Noé Marchon, Forces armées canadiennes
Members of the embarked Air Detachment onboard HMCS FREDERICTON conduct visual inspection of the CH-148 Cyclone helicopter’s main rotor blades during Operation REASSURANCE on 21 February 2023 in Souda Bay, Greece.
Please credit: Cpl Noé Marchon, Canadian Armed Forces Photo
Des membres du détachement aérien embarqué à bord du NCSM FREDERICTON effectuent une inspection visuelle des pales du rotor principal de l’hélicoptère CH-148 Cyclone au cours de l’opération REASSURANCE, le 21 février 2023, dans la baie de Souda, en Grèce.
Photo : Cpl Noé Marchon, Forces armées canadiennes
The Cornwall Armoury is a Recognized Federal Heritage Building because of its historical associations, and its architectural and environmental values.
The Cornwall Armoury is associated with the expanding requirements of Canada’s militia between the First and Second World Wars. The Cornwall Armoury makes a significant contribution to the city, housing various militia groups such as the Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders Militia Unit, the SD&G Cadet Corps, the Stormont Royal Canadian Sea Cadet Corps, Cornwall Cadet Squadron, the Canadian Forces Air Traffic Control Training Unit, and the RSS Central Detachment Cornwall.
The Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders is a Primary Reserve infantry regiment of the Canadian Forces. They have served in the War of 1812, the Great War and World War II. They are descended from many Canadian militia units and two regular British Army regiments. They are also rooted in a community that began as a soldiers' settlement.
Source: Canada's Historic Places and Wikipedia
My 365 Project Album: The 2013 Edition.
Bindhyabasini, one of the oldest temples in the Pokhara valley, has an immense cultural value. The temple is dedicated to Goddess Bhagawati. Bhagavati is a popular deity - also in the Indian states of Kerala, Goa and Konkan. It can be used to refer any of the Hindu goddesses like Durga, Kannaki, Parvati, Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Kali. In Goa, Bhagavati generally refers to the Mahishasurmardini form of Shakti.
Bindhyabasini is considered as one of the main and foremost Shaktipiths of western Nepal. Situated at a small hill-lock in between the main old market and Bagar it is at a height of 3000 ft. above from the sea level.
Pokhara (Nepali: पोखरा) is the second largest city of Nepal after Kathmandu. It is the headquarters of Kaski District, Gandaki Zone and the Western Development Region. It lies 200 km west of Kathmandu; its altitude varies from 780 m to 1350 m. Three out of the ten highest mountains in the world — Dhaulagiri, Annapurna I and Manaslu — are within a linear distance of 50 km from the city. Due to its proximity to the Annapurna mountain range, the city is also a base for trekkers undertaking the Annapurna Circuit through the ACAP region of the Annapurna ranges in the Himalayas.
Pokhara is home to many Gurkha soldiers. It is the most expensive city in the country, with a Cost of Living Index of 95.
GEOGRAPHY
Pokhara is in the northwestern corner of the Pokhara Valley, which is a widening of the Seti Gandaki valley that lies in the midland region (Pahad) of the Himalayas. In this region the mountains rise very quickly and within 30 km, the elevation rises from 1,000 m to over 7,500 m. As a result of this sharp rise in altitude the area of Pokhara has one of the highest precipitation rates in the country (3,350 mm/year to 5600 mm/year in Lumle). Even within the city there is a noticeable difference in rainfall between the south and the north of the city, the northern part of the city situated at the foothills of the mountains experiences proportionally higher amount of precipitation. The Seti Gandaki is the main river flowing through the city. The Seti Gandaki (White River) and its tributaries have created several gorges and canyons in and around the whole city which gives intriguingly long sections of terrace features to the city and surrounding areas. These long sections of terraces are interrupted by gorges which are hundreds of meters deep. The Seti gorge runs through the whole city from north to south and then west to east and at places these gorges are only a few metres wide. In the north and south, the canyons are wider.n the south the city borders on Phewa Tal (4.4 km2) at an elevation of about 827 m above sea level, and Lumle at 1,740 m in the north of the city touches the base of the Annapurna mountain range. Pokhara, the city of lakes, is the second largest city of Nepal after Kathmandu. 3 eight-thousand meter tall peaks (Dhaulagiri, Annapurna, Manaslu) can be seen from the city. The Machhapuchhre (Fishtail) with an elevation of 6,993 m is the closest to the city. The porous underground of the Pokhara valley favours the formation of caves and several caves can be found within the city limits. In the south of the city, a tributary of the Seti flowing out of the Phewa Lake disappears at Patale Chhango (पाताले छाँगो, Nepali for Hell's Falls, also called Davis Falls, after someone who supposedly fell into the falls) into an underground gorge, to reappear 500 metres further south. To the south-east of Pokhara city is the municipality of Lekhnath, a recently established town in the Pokhara valley, home to Begnas Lake.
CLIMATE
The climate of the city is sub-tropical; however, the elevation keeps temperatures moderate. Summer temperatures average between 25 to 33 °C, in winter around - 2 to 15 °C. Pokhara and nearby areas receive a high amount of precipitation. Lumle, 25 miles from the Pokhara city center, receives the highest amount of rainfall (> 5600 mm/year) in the country. Snowfall is not observed in the valley, but surrounding hills experience occasional snowfall in the winter. Summers are humid and mild; most precipitation occurs during the monsoon season (July - September). Winter and spring skies are generally clear and sunny.
HISTORY
Pokhara lies on an important old trading route between China and India. In the 17th century it was part of the Kingdom of Kaski which was one of the Chaubise Rajya (24 Kingdoms of Nepal, चौबिसे राज्य) ruled by a branch of the Shah Dynasty. Many of the hills around Pokhara still have medieval ruins from this time. In 1786 Prithvi Narayan Shah added Pokhara into his kingdom. It had by then become an important trading place on the routes from Kathmandu to Jumla and from India to Tibet.Pokhara was envisioned as a commercial center by the King of Kaski in the mid 18th century A.D. when Newars of Bhaktapur migrated to Pokhara, upon being invited by the king, and settled near main business locations such as Bindhyabasini temple, Nalakomukh and Bhairab Tole. Most of the Pokhara, at the time, was largely inhabited by Khas (Brahmin, Chhetri, Thakuri and Dalits), the major communities were located in Parsyang, Malepatan, Pardi and Harichowk areas of modern Pokhara and the Majhi community near the Phewa Lake. The establishment of a British recruitment camp brought larger Magar and Gurung communities to Pokhara. At present the Khas, Gurung (Tamu) and Magar form the dominant community of Pokhara. There is also a sizeable Newari population in the city. A small Muslim community is located on eastern fringes of Pokhara generally called Miya Patan. Batulechaur in the far north of Pokhara is home to the Gandharvas or Gaaineys (the tribe of the musicians).
The nearby hill villages around Pokhara are a mixed community of Khas and Gurung. Small Magar communities are also present mostly in the southern outlying hills. Newar community is almost non-existent in the villages of outlying hills outside the Pokhara city limits.
From 1959 to 1962 approximately 300,000 exiles entered Nepal from neighbouring Tibet following its annexation by China. Most of the Tibetan exiles then sought asylum in Dharamshala and other Tibetan exile communities in India. According to UNHCR, since 1989, approximately 2500 Tibetans cross the border into Nepal each year, many of whom arrive in Pokhara typically as a transit to Tibetan exile communities in India. About 50,000 - 60,000 Tibetan exiles reside in Nepal, and approximately 20,000 of the exiled Tibetans live in one of the 12 consolidated camps, 8 in Kathmandu and 4 in and around Pokhara. The four Tibetan settlements in Pokhara are Jampaling, Paljorling, Tashi Ling, and Tashi Palkhel. These camps have evolved into well built settlements, each with a gompa (Buddhist monastery), chorten and its particular architecture, and Tibetans have become a visible minority in the city.
Until the end of the 1960s the town was only accessible by foot and it was considered even more a mystical place than Kathmandu. The first road was completed in 1968 (Siddhartha Highway) after which tourism set in and the city grew rapidly. The area along the Phewa lake, called Lake Side, has developed into one of the major tourism hubs of Nepal.
TEMPLES, GUMBAS AND CHURCHES
There are numerous temples and gumbas in and around pokhara valley. Many temples serve as combined places of worship for Hindus and Buddhists. Some of the popular temples and gumbas are:
Tal Barahi Temple (located on the island in the middle of Phewa Lake)
Bindhyabasini Temple
Sitaladevi Temple
Mudula Karki Kulayan Mandir
Sunpadeli Temple (Kaseri)
Bhadrakali Temple
Kumari Temple
Akalaa Temple
Kedareshwar Mahadev Mani Temple
Matepani Gumba
World peace pagoda
Akaladevi Temple
Monastery (Hemja)
Nepal Christiya Ramghat Church, established in 1952 (2009 BS), in Ramghat area of Pokhara is also the first church in Nepal.
LOCATION
The municipality of Pokhara spans 12 km from north to south and 6 km from east to west but, unlike the capital Kathmandu, it is quite loosely built up and still has much green space. The valley is approximately divided into four to Six parts by the rivers Seti, Bijayapur, Bagadi, Fusre and Hemja. The Seti Gandaki flowing through the city from north to south divides the city roughly in two halves with the business area of Chipledunga in the middle, the old town centre of Bagar in the north and the tourist district of Lakeside (Baidam) to the south all lying on the western side of the river.[38] The gorge through which the river flows is crossed at five places: K.I. Singh Pul, Mahendra Pul and Prithvi Highway Pul from north to south of the city. The floor of the valley is plain, resembles Terai due to its gravel-like surface, and has slanted orientation from northwest to southeast. The city is surrounded by the hills overlooking the entire valley.
Phewa Lake was slightly enlarged by damming which poses a risk of silting up due of the inflow during the monsoon. The outflowing water is partially used for hydropower generation. The dam collapsed in 1974 which resulted in draining of its water and exposing the land leading to illegal land encroachment; since then the dam has been rebuilt. The power plant is about 100 m below at the bottom of the Phusre Khola gorge. Water from Phewa is diverted for irrigation into the southern Pokhara valley. The eastern Pokhara Valley receives irrigation water through a canal running from a reservoir by the Seti in the north of the city. Some parts of Phewa lake are used as commercial cage fisheries. The lake is currently being encroached upon by invasive water hyacinth (जलकुम्भी झार).
Pokhara is known to be a popular tourist destination. The tourist district is along the north shore of the Phewa lake (Baidam, Lakeside and Damside). It is mainly made up of small shops, non-star tourist hotels, restaurants and bars. Most upscale and starred hotels are on the southern shore of the Phewa Lake and southeastern fringes of the city where there are more open lands and unhindered view of the surrounding mountains. Most of the tourists visiting Pokhara trek to the Annapurna Base Camp and Mustang. To the east of the Pokhara valley, in Lekhnath municipality, there are seven smaller lakes such as Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake. Begnas Lake is known for its fishery projects.
TOURISM AND ECONOMY
After the occupation of Tibet by China in 1950 and the Indo-China war in 1962, the old trading route to India from Tibet through Pokhara became defunct. Today only few caravans from Mustang arrive in Bagar. In recent decades, Pokhara has become a major tourist destination, it is considered as tourism capital of Nepal. In South Asia mainly for adventure tourism and the base for the famous Annapurna Circuit trek. Thus, a major contribution to the local economy comes from the tourism and hospitality industry. A lot of tourists visit Pokhara every year. Tourism industry is one of major source of income for local people and the city. There are two 5-star hotels and approximately 305 other hotels that includes five 3-star, fifteen 2-star and non-star hotels in the city.
Many medieval era temples (Barahi temple, Bindhyabasini, Bhadrakali, Talbarahi, Guheshwori, Sitaldevi, Gita mandir temple, Bhimsen temple) and old Newari houses are still a part of the city (Bagar, Bindhyabasini, Bhadrakali, Bhairab Tol, etc.). The modern commercial city centres are at Chipledhunga, New Road, Prithvi Chowk and Mahendrapul (recently renamed as Bhimsen Chowk).
The city promotes two major hilltops as its viewpoints to view the city and surrounding panorama, World Peace Pagoda built in 1996 across the southern shore of Phewa lake and Sarangkot which is located northwest of the city. In February 2004, International Mountain Museum (IMM) was opened for public in Ratopahiro to boost city's tourism attractions. Other museums in the city are Pokhara Regional Museum, an ethnographic museum, Annapurna Natural History Museum which houses preserved specimens of flora and fauna, and contains particularly extensive collection of the butterflies, found in the Western and ACAP region of Nepal; and Gurkha Museum featuring history of the Gurkha Soldiers. The city also has recently been adorned with a bungee jumping site (second in Nepal) titled Water Touch Bunjee Jumping. Also, a cable car service has begun construction joining Fewa Lake with World Peace Stupa led by the government of Nepal which is expected to boost the tourism industry of the place exponentially.
Since the 1990s Pokhara has experienced rapid urbanization, as a result service sector industries have increasingly contributed to the local economy overtaking the traditional agriculture. An effect of urbanization is seen in high real estate prices, which among the highest in the country. The major contributors to the economy of Pokhara are manufacturing and service sector including tourism; agriculture and the foreign and domestic remittances. Tourism, service sector & manufacturing contributes approximately 58% to the economy, remittances about 20% and the agriculture nearly 16%.
WIKIPEDIA
1-12-13 Wyndham Street Races
The Yamaha YZF-R1, or R1, is an open class sport bike, or superbike, motorcycle manufactured by Yamaha Motor Company since 1998.
Yamaha launched the YZF-R1 after redesigning the Genesis engine to offset the crankshaft, gearbox input, and output shafts. This "compacting" of the engine made the total engine length much shorter. This allowed the wheelbase to be shortened significantly, resulting in much quicker handling and an optimized center of gravity. The bike had a compression ratio of 11.8:1 with a six-speed transmission and multi-plate clutch.
Early models were subject to a worldwide recall for a clutch problem. Yamaha today describes the launch of the R1 as the true value of "Kando".
2005 YZF-R1 instrumentation. The 1999 R1 saw only minor changes, apart from paint and graphics. Notable improvements were a redesigned gear change linkage and the gear change shaft length being increased. Fuel tank reserve capacity was reduced from 5.5 to 4.0 litres (1.2 to 0.9 imp gal or 1.5 to 1.1 US gal), while the total fuel tank capacity was unchanged at 18 l (4.0 imp gal; 4.8 US gal). A second worldwide recall was issued for 1998 and early 1999 models, to change a coolant hose clamp under the fuel tank which could come loose under hard use.
Motorcycle Consumer News tests of the 1998 model year YZF-R1 yielded a 0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) time of 2.96 seconds and 0 to 100 mph (0 to 160 km/h) of 5.93 seconds, a 1⁄4-mile (400 m) time of 10.19 seconds at 131.40 mph (211.47 km/h), and a top speed of 168 mph (270 km/h), with deceleration from 60 to 0 mph (97 to 0 km/h) of 113.9 ft (34.7 m). For the 1999 model year, Cycle World tests found a 0 to 60 mph time of 3.0 seconds, 1⁄4-mile time of 10.31 seconds at 139.55 mph (224.58 km/h), and a top speed of 170 mph (270 km/h).
Source: Wikipedia
Motorcycle News Overall Verdict 5/5:
The third and final great sports bike of the nineties. The FireBlade set the agenda, the 916 added finesse and the Yamaha YZF-R1 topped them off with extra power and madness. Even today the original Yamaha YZF-R1 is a sports tool to be reckoned with and updated Yamaha YZF-R1s are even more potent and easier to use too.
Engine 4/5:
Evolution at it’s finest – the technology’s not hugely changed since the FZR1000 of 1989 but the Yamaha YZF-R1 has always delivered a minimum of 150bhp (130 at the wheel). Torque is never in short supply and the bike’s light weight makes the most of both. The Yamaha YZF-R1's gearbox can be a little reluctant.
Ride & Handling 4/5:
The Yamaha YZF-R1 is a track bike to demolish rivals and wring the rider’s adrenal glands dry. The original 98-99 model was the liveliest and hardest to tame. Later Yamaha YZF-R1s were easier to pilot but don’t think that means they’re soft in any way. The original Yamaha YZF-R1 was slightly hard to turn into corners and could run wide. Later versions were improved with a stiffer headstock and firmer forks. Ace brakes.
Equipment 3/5:
Extra equipment on a race rep just ads weight so the Yamaha YZF-R1’s pretty minimal. Comfort’s pretty good for a rider although Yamaha YZF-R1 pillions must be brave. Headlights are effective even if the mirrors aren’t brilliant. There’s some underseat storage too unlike later Yamaha YZF-R1s where exhausts occupy that space – although from 2002 it’s minimal.
Quality & Reliability 4/5:
No major problems and finish is much better than early/mid 90s Yamahas. Beware race/track Yamaha YZF-R1s which have been thrashed. Problems with the gearbox are very rare despite internet rumours suggesting otherwise. The black finish on the frame and swingarm of 2003/03 Yamaha YZF-R1s rubs off easily.
Value for money 4/5:
The Yamaha YZF-R1 was top dog sports bike until the GSX-R1000 appeared in 2001. Parallel imports and stiff competition from Honda and Suzuki mean prices stay sensible. But equally there’s no such thing as a good, clean, cheap Yamaha YZF-R1 – they’re a desirable bike and good ones always sell. Honda’s FireBlade from 2002 onwards is a comparable machine and the GSX-R arguably better.
Source: www.motorcyclenews.com/mcn/bikereviews/searchresults/bike...
DAVOS/SWITZERLAND, 20JAN16 - Rana Mitter, Professor of History and Politics of Modern China, University China Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, Jean-Paul Paloméros, General, French Air Force, Ministry of Defence of France, France, Muhammad Yunus, Chairman, Yunus Centre, Bangladesh, Mary Galeti, Executive Director, Tecovas Foundation, USA; Global Shaper; Global Agenda Council on Values and Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah, Secretary-General, Civicus: World Alliance for Citizen Participation, South Africa; Young Global Leader at the Annual Meeting 2016 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 20, 2016.
WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM/Benedikt von Loebell
#SOTEU: Let’s make the most of the momentum to shape an ambitious future.
* Roadmap to EU 2025 built on democratic values and efficient decision-making
* Complete Defence, Security, Energy, Digital, Monetary and Capital Markets Union
* Offer equal opportunities to all citizens and strengthen industrial competitiveness
* Create EU agencies for workers’ rights, cybersecurity and counter-terrorism.
Political groups welcomed Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker’s ambitious vision for a strong and united Europe 2025 in the annual “State of the Union” debate this morning.
Plans on defence, security, legal migration, international trade, social equality and on how to strengthen the Union’s budgetary capacity and democratic decision-making process were discussed by political group leaders in a three-hour debate.
This photo is free to use under Creative Commons licenses and must be credited: "© European Union 2017 - European Parliament".
(Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CreativeCommons licenses creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
For bigger HR files please contact: webcom-flickr(AT)europarl.europa.eu
2016 Design Value Award awarded to Kaiser Permanente Design Consultancy for the KPLantern Project - field work to understand the transgender person health experience.
DLD*women (Digital-Life-Design) Conference is taking place for 3rd time in Munich, July 11-12, 2012 "New Rules, New Values"
From the Apartheid Musem in Johannesburg. Freedom, Respect, Democracy, Responsibility et al. rusting away.
The search for new ideals characterizes our generation. But which values and virtues are still relevant today - religious, moral, spiritual or personal?
The 2013 Trend Diary presents design projects exploring the theme of values.
Why a Trend Diary dealing with values? We feel that in the course of the change instigated by the digital revolution, our view of a clearly defined, shared value system is increasingly fading. While design for "material values" is loud and ever-present, ethical values that paint a picture of belief, family, virtues and moral ideals are drowning in the modern media excess.
What´s in the trend diary? The Trend Diary, in the format of a desk calendar, assembles inspiring works of design by 53 designers of different cultures. Design that conveys values in message and function, provides guidance or aids us in our quest for meaning. Design that shows us that values are the most valuable thing we possess.
In keeping with the trend set by previous award-winning issues from the EIGA Trend Diary series, the publication showcases a special focus on experimental typography and groundbreaking graphic design. The designers at EIGA have developed a unique typeface whose characters are composed of continually rearranging elements – just like society’s understanding of shared values. Furthermore each calendar week features an individual composition corresponding to the designer’s contributions while still following a consistent overall design principle.
The cultural background. Design has been a guide and bearer of standards and values in all cultures from time immemorial. This is evidenced by the codex the Mesopotamians hewed in stone in the 18th century BC, by the awe-inspiring illumination of European Bible manuscripts in the Middle Ages or by the Bauhaus school's function-driven approach to design. Utilizing any given era's media toolbox, design brings the ideals and moral values of society to the surface.
Fact and figures. The Trend Diary was initiated by EIGA, a Hamburg-based design office, and published by NBVD. The production enjoys support from well-known partners in fine paper, printing and print finishing. 53 designers are given a special platform in the form of a weekly motive in the exclusive design calendar.