View allAll Photos Tagged Substrate
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
Reconstruction of sauropod dinosaurs crossing a sandy substrate, leaving behind series of deep footprint impressions. This scene is based on sauropod dinosaur footprint bulges in sandstones in the Jurassic of Colorado, USA.
Dinosaur Ridge is a particularly dinosaur fossil-rich section of the Dakota Hogback in north-central Colorado. It is a north-south trending ridge of eastward-dipping Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. The western side of Dinosaur Ridge has exposures of the Morrison Formation, an Upper Jurassic succession consisting of fluvial (river/floodplain) and lacustrine (lake) deposits, plus reddish-colored paleosol horizons. Dinosaur bones and dinosaur tracks have been found here.
Well-preserved sauropod dinosaur footprint bulges occur in lacustrine quartzose sandstones of the Morrison Formation at Dinosaur Ridge (see elsewhere in this photo album). Sauropods were the largest and most massive group of dinosaurs - they had huge bodies, walked on four legs, and possessed very long tails and necks. Their great body weight resulted in significantly depressed footprints in unconsolidated sediments. Fossil bones of several different sauropod dinosaur species have been recovered from Dinosaur Ridge's Morrison Formation, making positive identification of the footprint maker shown here difficult. Known Morrison Formation sauropods in this area include (not counting junior synonyms) Atlantosaurus immanis, Apatosaurus ajax, and Camarasaurus sp. (see Mossbrucker & Bakker, 2010, pp. 10, 19, 22).
Stratigraphy: Morrison Formation, Kimmeridgian Stage, middle Upper Jurassic, ~150 to 156 Ma
Locality: vicinity of "Quarry 5" (= one of Arthur Lakes' dinosaur excavation sites during the Cope-Marsh Bone Wars of the late 1800s), western side of Dinosaur Ridge, between Interstate 70 and the town of Morrison, west of Denver, north-central Colorado, USA
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Reference cited:
Mossbrucker, M.T. & R.T. Bakker. 2010. A guide to the paleontology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Morrison, Colorado: new interpretations and discoveries. Bulletin of the Morrison Natural History Museum 1. 35 pp.
Closeup of the crushed limestone used as the cultch material in this project. Oysters require hard substrate to attach and grow and if there aren’t enough older oysters to provide substrate, restoration managers must add cultch to provide habitat for young oysters.
Substrate: Populus tremula.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, ohustatud (EN).
Lääne-Virumaa.
Focus stacking.
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
Hyphae at the bottom may penetrate the substrate, even when that is rock.
In some instances the lichen is actually within the substrate. www.flickr.com/photos/29750062@N06/3904314371/in/photolis...
This is taken from an article, "The Fungi of Lichens" by Vernon Ahmadjian, in the February 1963 Scientific American. The illustrator is not identified. Trying to find if permissible to use for this.
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
A screencap from a generative art program that uses Jared Tarbell's *Substrate* algorithm.
I've ported it to a Windows 10 screensaver app, and added some new geometries, anisotropies, and generative color palettes.
Also, some color palettes stolen from Van Gogh, Monet, Jackson Pollock, and Monet. See if you can tell which palettes are from classic art and which are generated by robots. (The iteration above took its palette from Mondrian's Red Tree.)
If you have Windows 10, you can download Substrate Screensaver here: 12tone.software/downloads/
ENVS 450 (Applied Ecological Restoration) Lab. Students recording data at Jolly Giant Creek located in the forest behind campus. Students are monitoring vegetation and substrates.
Copper and germanium nanostructures on silicon substrate
Courtesy of Ralf Müller
Image Details
Instrument used: Nova Family
Magnification: 40000x
Vacuum: 10^-5 mbar
Voltage: 13.5 kV
Spot: 2..0
Working Distance: 4.5
Detector: TLD
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
When it comes to Aërangis punctata, I almost feel that the flower buds are more beautiful than the flowers they produce. As the buds mature, the nectary spurs lengthen, yet remain coiled like springs until the buds are about to open. Shown here are two plants that were mounted together as seedlings and grew together appearing as if they came from the same plant.
This adorable miniature angraecoid orchid is endemic to the central highlands surrounding Antananarivo, Madagascar, growing as an epiphyte in humid, evergreen forest on the plateau between 1000-1500m elevation. It is unique and beloved for its cute rounded purplish leaves with intense ivory spotting, complimented by densely verrucose roots that flatten themselves as they grip substrate. It is a wonder indeed how such a tiny plant can produce such disproportionally large, pleasantly-scented flowers with 10-13cm nectary spurs.
Most plants of Aërangis punctata in cultivation bear single flower inflorescences, however my the plant shown here is a selfing of a floriferous clone 'Barbara' which can bear up to seven flowers per inflorescence! My plant came from Botantica Ltd., an orchid nursery in Montana that specialises in angraecoid orchids.
I've been growing this species in my warm vivarium for two years now. I have found that light below 500fc is too low for its liking but light above 1000fc is also too bright. 650-800fc is just right! I have also found this species to be particular in its desire to dry off relatively quickly after watering; this can be accomplished by increasing air circulation. However too much air circulation will stress the plant as it will transpire too much. Once one has found this sweet spot in one's growing area, it is isn't hard to grow. I have also found that perhaps due to its native elevation, it will not bloom well if night time temperatures do not dip to at least 18°C/65°F in summer and to at least ~15°C/60°F in winter. This species can also be grown with cooler nights, down to 13°C/55°F. As with all Aërangis, A. punctata needs high humidity, (mine is maintained at 85%). I provide my plants with daily water year-round..
This 'bodega' houses small crates and plastic bags containing mixtures of wooden substrate and contaminated soil, organized by contaminant-to-substrate ratio and substrate density. Since the mycelium cannot establish itself on oil alone, the addition of a substrate like straw or wood chips gives the fungus a foothold in an otherwise uninhabitable environment. This is sometimes referred to as a bulking agent.
Enzymes excreted by the fungus break down the complex hydrocarbon molecules found in petroleum (molecules which closely resemble the long hydrocarbon chains found in wood), dissembling them into simpler, organic compounds, effectively utilizing the oil as a food source. Since the mushroom only ingests the resulting organic matter, the fruits can potentially provide a safe and viable source of protein surpassing that of every vegetable except soy, while simultaneously remediating the surrounding environment. Caution should still be exercised before consuming the fruits of contaminated substrate as a food source, as any heavy metals will be hyperaccumulated in the fruiting bodies (mushrooms), sometimes at levels dozens or hundreds of times that of the background soil. Fortunately, initial findings suggest that there are lower concentrations of heavy metals found in contaminated areas than previously suspected (or in some cases, none at all), but this is sure to vary from location to location, and further research is required.
At the time this picture was taken, the bulk of the substrate material was being taken from the discards of a nearby broomstick factory. Among the goals of the AMP is to provide a inexpensive, simple, sustainable method of remediating contaminated areas, ultimately incorporating a system of continuing education as the primary means of propagating the technique and its application; in other words, teachers teaching teachers. Essential to achieving such a goal is the availability of renewable, local, sustainable materials, preferably the existing byproducts of local industry.
La cosiddetta torre pendente di Pisa (chiamata semplicemente torre pendente o torre di Pisa) è il campanile della Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, nella celeberrima Piazza dei Miracoli di cui è il monumento più famoso per via della caratteristica pendenza.
Si tratta di un campanile a sé stante alto circa 56 metri, costruito nell'arco di due secoli, tra il dodicesimo e il quattordicesimo. Pesante 14.453 tonnellate, vi predomina la linea curva, con giri di arcate cieche e sei piani di loggette. La sua pendenza è dovuta ad un cedimento del terreno verificatosi già nelle prime fasi della costruzione.
L'inclinazione dell'edificio attualmente misura 5° rispetto all'asse verticale. La torre di Pisa rimane in equilibrio perché la verticale che passa per il suo baricentro cade all'interno della base di appoggio.
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A torre pendente de Pisa (em italiano Torre pendente di Pisa), ou simplesmente, Torre de Pisa, é um campanário (campanile ou campanário autônomo) da catedral da cidade italiana de Pisa. Está situada atrás da catedral, e é a terceira mais antiga estrutura na praça da Catedral de Pisa (Campo dei Miracoli), depois da catedral e do baptistério.
Embora destinada a ficar na vertical, a torre começou a inclinar-se para Sudeste, logo após o início da construção, em 1173, devido a uma fundação mal construída e a um solo de fundação mal compactado, que permitiu à fundação ficar com assentamentos diferenciais. A torre atualmente se inclina para o sudoeste.
A altura do solo ao topo da torre é de 55,86 metros no lado mais baixo e de 56,70 metros na parte mais alta. A espessura das paredes na base mede 4,09 metros e 2,48 metros no topo. Seu peso é estimado em 14 500 toneladas . A torre tem 296 ou 294 degraus: o sétimo andar da face Norte das escadas tem dois degraus a menos. Antes do trabalho de restauração realizado entre 1990 e 2001, a torre estava inclinada com um ângulo de 5.5 graus,[1][2][3] estando agora a torre inclinada em cerca de 3.99 graus.[4] Isto significa que o topo da torre está a uma distância de 3.9m de onde ela estaria, se a torre estivesse perfeitamente na vertical
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The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (La Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo) after the Cathedral and the Baptistry.
Although intended to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has allowed the foundation to shift direction.
The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the low side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) and at the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 metric tons (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase. Prior to restoration work performed between 1990 and 2001, the tower leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees,[1][2][3] but the tower now leans at about 3.99 degrees.[4] This means that the top of the tower is 3.9 metres (12 ft 10 in) from where it would stand if the tower were perfectly vertical
Excavations by Marshall at the Bhir mound, the earliest city, reached the natural substrate at a depth of about 5.5 meters (18 ft.) and encountered the remains of four superimposed structures. The earliest, of which little is known because of its depth and destruction by later construction activity, dates to the fifth century b. c.e. at the latest. The second was in occupation during the fourth century b. c.e. and would have witnessed the arrival of Alexander the Great. The third phase corresponds to the period of Mau-ryan control, and the last probably belongs to the period after the decline of the Mauryas and the arrival of the bac-TRIAN GREEKS in the second century b. c.e. The excavations revealed streets, lanes, and domestic houses. The quality of the stone masonry developed over time from fairly rough to a much more compact form, and the walls were covered in a mud plaster strengthened with straw.
Most of the available plans derive from the third period, the Mauryan city The layout of the streets and houses is irregular. It is evident that the main street and various squares were retained throughout the life of the city, whereas houses were leveled and rebuilt on occasion, but on the same site and often following a plan similar to that used for their predecessors. Some lanes branching off the main streets are very narrow. The drains running along the main street were to take rainwater. There was no city sewage system, but each house was equipped with a deep pit to receive human waste. Such latrines were also placed in public squares. There were several types of latrines. They have in common a deep circular well-like hole extending up to seven meters (23 ft.) into the ground. Some were filled with broken pottery shards to allow wastes to filter downward. Others were lined with ceramic rings: One of these held 14 such liners, each 65 centimeters (26 in.) wide. A third type was filled with large ceramic jars one on top of the other, each having the base removed to form one continuous tube. Large stone rubbish bins were also strategically placed in public areas, and excavations revealed broken pottery and animal bones. The houses were a series of large rooms grouped around a courtyard. windows looking onto the street were tall but very narrow. Many rooms were small, and others had a street frontage and were probably shops. One appears to have been the business of a shell worker, since Marshall found much cut shell within.
As might be expected in the excavation of so large an area of an ancient city, many artifacts were recovered. Beads had many forms, with a preference for glass, car-nelian, and agate. Other semiprecious stones included onyx, amethyst, beryl, and garnet. A remarkable hoard of 1,167 silver coins was discovered in the second city, including a silver Persian coin and two coins of Alexander the Great. Among the bronzes, particular attention is given to a third-century b. c.e. bowl made of an alloy containing 21.55 percent tin. This alloy and the shape of the vessel recall those found in the Thai cemetery of ban don TA PHET. Iron was used for weapons, particularly arrowheads, spears, and daggers; for tools such as chisels, adzes, and tongs; nails for construction purposes; and for hoes.
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply The Tower of Pisa (La Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. It is situated behind the Cathedral and it is the third structure by time in Pisa's Piazza del Duomo (Cathedral Square).
Although intended to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has allowed the foundation to shift direction.
The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the lowest side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the highest side. The width of the walls at the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) and at the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes. The tower has 294 steps. The tower leans at an angle of 5.5 degrees. This means that the top of the tower is 4.5 meters from where it would stand if the tower was perfectly vertical.
Construction
The Tower of Pisa was a work of art, performed in three stages over a period of about 177 years. Construction of the first floor of the white marble campanile began on August 9, 1173, a period of military success and prosperity. This first floor is surrounded by pillars with classical capitals, leaning against blind arches.
There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For many years, the design was attributed to Guglielmo and Bonanno Pisano, a well-known 12th-Century resident artist of Pisa, famous for his bronze casting, particularly in the Pisa Duomo. Bonanno Pisano left Pisa in 1185 for Monreale, Sicily, only to come back and die in his home town. His sarcophagus was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820. However recent studies seems to indicate Diotisalvi as the original architect, by construction affinities with his other works, like the Baptistery in Pisa.
The tower began to sink after construction progressed to the third floor in 1178. This was due to a mere three-meter foundation, set in weak, unstable subsoil. This means the design was flawed from the beginning. Construction was subsequently halted for almost a century, because the Pisans were almost continually engaged in battles with Genoa, Lucca and Florence. This allowed time for the underlying soil to settle. Otherwise, the tower would almost certainly have toppled. In 1198, clocks were temporarily installed on the third floor of the unfinished construction.
In 1272, construction resumed under Giovanni di Simone, architect of the Camposanto. In an effort to compensate for the tilt, the engineers built higher floors with one side taller than the other. This made the tower begin to lean in the other direction. Because of this, the tower is actually curved. Construction was halted again in 1284, when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoans in the Battle of Meloria.
The seventh floor was completed in 1319. The bell-chamber was not finally added until 1372. It was built by Tommaso di Andrea Pisano, who succeeded in harmonizing the Gothic elements of the bell-chamber with the Romanesque style of the tower. There are seven bells, one for each note of the musical scale. The largest one was installed in 1655.
After a phase (1990-2001) of structural strengthening, the tower is currently undergoing gradual surface restoration, in order to repair visual damage, mostly corrosion and blackening. These are particularly strong due to the tower's age and to its particular conditions with respect to wind and rain.
History
Galileo Galilei is said to have dropped two cannon balls of different masses from the tower to demonstrate that their descending speed was independent of their mass. This is considered an apocryphal tale, and the only source for it comes from Galileo's secretary.
In 1934 Benito Mussolini ordered that the tower be returned to a vertical position, so concrete was poured into its foundation. However, the result was that the tower actually sank further into the soil.
During World War II, the Allies discovered that the Nazis were using it as an observation post. A humble U.S. Army sergeant was briefly entrusted with the fate of the tower. His decision not to call in an artillery strike saved the edifice.
On February 27, 1964, the government of Italy requested aid in preventing the tower from toppling. It was, however, considered important to retain the current tilt, due to the vital role that this element played in promoting the tourism industry of Pisa. A multinational task force of engineers, mathematicians and historians was assigned and met on the Azores islands to discuss stabilization methods. After over two decades of work on the subject, the tower was closed to the public on 7 January 1990. While the tower was closed, the bells were removed to relieve some weight, and cables were cinched around the third level and anchored several hundred meters away. Apartments and houses in the path of the tower were vacated for safety. After a decade of corrective reconstruction and stabilization efforts, the tower was reopened to the public on December 15, 2001. It was found that the lean was increasing due to the stonework expanding and contracting each day due to the heat of sunlight. This was working in combination with the softer foundations on the lower side. Many methods were proposed to stabilize the tower, including the addition of 800 metric tons of lead counterweights to the raised end of the base. The final solution to prevent the collapse of the tower was to slightly straighten the tower to a safer angle, by removing 38 m3 of soil from underneath the raised end. Through this, the tower was straightened by 18 inches (45 centimeters), returning to the exact position that it was in 1838. The tower has been declared stable for at least another 300 years.
In 1987, the tower was declared as part of the Piazza dei Miracoli UNESCO World Heritage Site along with neighbouring cathedral, baptistery and cemetery.
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
When I was in high school I did a summer internship with these things. See set description for more info.
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
I've got this something from a friend. I am not sure what is it made from and what is it for ... I'll mosaic it later probably...
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
Nepenthes rajah is an insectivorous pitcher plant species of the Nepenthaceae family. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.[2] Nepenthes rajah grows exclusively on serpentine substrates, particularly in areas of seeping ground water where the soil is loose and permanently moist. The species has an altitudinal range of 1500 to 2650 m a.s.l. and is thus considered a highland or sub-alpine plant. Due to its localised distribution, N. rajah is classified as an endangered species by the IUCN and listed on CITES Appendix I.
The species was collected by Hugh Low on Mount Kinabalu in 1858, and described the following year by Joseph Dalton Hooker, who named it after James Brooke, the first White Rajah of Sarawak. Hooker called it "one of the most striking vegetable productions hither-to discovered".[3]
Nepenthes rajah is most famous for the giant urn-shaped traps it produces, which can grow up to 41 cm high[4] and 20 cm wide.[5] These are capable of holding 3.5 litres of water[6] and in excess of 2.5 litres of digestive fluid, making them probably the largest in the genus by volume. Another morphological feature of N. rajah is the peltate leaf attachment of the lamina and tendril, which is present in only a few other species.
The plant is known to occasionally trap vertebrates and even small mammals, with drowned rats having been observed in the pitcher-shaped traps.[7] It is one of only two Nepenthes species documented as having caught mammalian prey in the wild, the other being N. rafflesiana. N. rajah is also known to occasionally trap small vertebrates such as frogs, lizards and even birds, although these cases probably involve sick animals and certainly do not represent the norm. Insects, and particularly ants, comprise the staple prey in both aerial and terrestrial pitchers.
Although Nepenthes rajah is most famous for trapping and digesting animals, its pitchers are also host to a large number of other organisms, which are thought to form a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) association with the plant. Many of these animals are so specialised that they cannot survive anywhere else, and are referred to as nepenthebionts. N. rajah has two such mosquito taxa named after it: Culex rajah and Toxorhynchites rajah.
--Wikipedia
Full Journal here on UKAPS.org - ukaps.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=15952
Tank specs
Tank: ADA Cube Garden Mini M - 36x22x26cm / 5mm optiwhite glass
Hardscape: ADA Yamaya Rock, ADA Hornwood
Co2: Pressurised via Do!Aqua Music Glass - Mini 10D, Music Counter and ADA grey parts set
Lighting: ADA Mini-M - Solar 27W light
Filtration: Fluval 205 external to
Outlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MP-1 10D
Inlet - Do!Aqua Violet Glass mini MV-1 13D
Heating: None yet as its in a centrally heated room. I may add an inline heater in the winter
Substrate: ADA Power Sand Special topped with ADA Africana Powder - Penac P & W and tourmaline for good measure
Ferts per day: ADA Step 1 and Brighty K
Critters: Red Cherry Shrimp, fish undecided yet
plants to include - Ferns, tennelus, hairgrass, fissidens, mosses, Bolbitus and a carpet of Glosso
100%全新香港SK-II 專櫃正品 SK II Facial Treatment Mask (New Substrate)–6sheets
100%全新香港SK-II 專櫃正品美之匙 - 晚間護理 青春敷面膜(新基質) 6片
**(保證真品及全新及未開封連包裝膠紙)**
SK II Facial Treatment Mask (New Substrate)–6sheets
Radiance, Moisture Enhancing Mask by SK-II. Revitalizes. Comforts. Provides intense hydration. A 100% cotton mask that soaks skin with Pitera s fusion of vitamins, amino acids, minerals and organic acids. Immediately replenishes dehydrated skin, leaving it refreshed and cool.
A nourishing facial treatment mask.Contains Pitera to nourish your skin instantly.Visibly lightens blemishes & eliminates fine lines.Greatly improves the quality of skin texture.Provides an instant burst of refreshment.Suitable for all skin types.
秋冬皮膚急救面膜 皮膚飲飽水 用後好嫩滑
富含Pitera的強效保濕面膜，為皮膚補充水分，使它顯著地富光澤、柔嫩而且晶瑩剔透。適合各類型皮膚使用。
SK-II Facial Treatment MaskFacial Treatment Mask 護膚面膜每一片蘊含30ml精華素,提供10倍Pitera 修護,能迅速改善肌膚各種問題;敷完一片，肌膚立即感到水凝亮澤，白滑緊緻 6pcs
•滋養的面部修護面膜 ，含活細胞酵素PITERA，可以即時滋潤 肌膚，有效淡化瑕疵、減褪幼紋。
•改善肌膚質素，即時帶來清新感覺，適合任何皮膚使用。
SK-II 青春敷面膜產品介紹:
SK-II 青春敷面膜產品含天然活膚酵母精華，能更快速、有效的發揮豐富 Pitera 精華之功能，約五分鐘即能產生面膜的效果，能快速使肌膚呈現柔白效果，改善膚質呈現均勻漂亮的透明感，並有效防止日曬所引起之皺紋、暗沉、斑點之產生，柔軟肌膚保持肌膚潤澤及健康。
SK-II 青春敷面膜成份:
酵母精華
SK-II 青春敷面膜使用方法:
清潔肌膚後，敷5-15分鐘，取下面膜，再以化妝水或以溫水沖洗。
SK-II 青春敷面膜用後感:
SK-II 青春敷面膜有好多精華，除敷面外，餘下的精華可以用於頸，手位置。
使用方法
每週使用1-2次。
Facial Treatment Mask 護膚面膜
SK-II 專櫃 (HK$680/10 pcs, HK$480/6pcs)
原價︰ HK$ 420.00 / 網購HK$ 505.00
全新正貨, 100% NEW & REAL
貨品絶對全新及真貨, 對於貨品來源及真偽問題, 本人不會再回答.
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