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Nepenthes rajah is an insectivorous pitcher plant species of the Nepenthaceae family. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.[2] Nepenthes rajah grows exclusively on serpentine substrates, particularly in areas of seeping ground water where the soil is loose and permanently moist. The species has an altitudinal range of 1500 to 2650 m a.s.l. and is thus considered a highland or sub-alpine plant. Due to its localised distribution, N. rajah is classified as an endangered species by the IUCN and listed on CITES Appendix I.
The species was collected by Hugh Low on Mount Kinabalu in 1858, and described the following year by Joseph Dalton Hooker, who named it after James Brooke, the first White Rajah of Sarawak. Hooker called it "one of the most striking vegetable productions hither-to discovered".[3]
Nepenthes rajah is most famous for the giant urn-shaped traps it produces, which can grow up to 41 cm high[4] and 20 cm wide.[5] These are capable of holding 3.5 litres of water[6] and in excess of 2.5 litres of digestive fluid, making them probably the largest in the genus by volume. Another morphological feature of N. rajah is the peltate leaf attachment of the lamina and tendril, which is present in only a few other species.
The plant is known to occasionally trap vertebrates and even small mammals, with drowned rats having been observed in the pitcher-shaped traps.[7] It is one of only two Nepenthes species documented as having caught mammalian prey in the wild, the other being N. rafflesiana. N. rajah is also known to occasionally trap small vertebrates such as frogs, lizards and even birds, although these cases probably involve sick animals and certainly do not represent the norm. Insects, and particularly ants, comprise the staple prey in both aerial and terrestrial pitchers.
Although Nepenthes rajah is most famous for trapping and digesting animals, its pitchers are also host to a large number of other organisms, which are thought to form a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) association with the plant. Many of these animals are so specialised that they cannot survive anywhere else, and are referred to as nepenthebionts. N. rajah has two such mosquito taxa named after it: Culex rajah and Toxorhynchites rajah.
--Wikipedia
When I was in high school I did a summer internship with these things. See set description for more info.
Liquid flows - mud/sand/substrate/water - rips the heck out of the surrounding rock layers during (usually) monsoonal drenches. This has gone on for a very long time. more than 3 years, but more likely millions of years. Death Valley National park, California
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Substrate for the live-tracing, visualising evaluative networks, part of The Anthropocene Atlas: London. Cultures of Resilience: Exchange , March 2015
Since the OSHW logo printed well on cloth, I took the next step and printed a jointed, finger on a cloth substrate.
The base of the shell attached to the substrate is membranous in some species, as in this image of eight specimens, but others have a white calcareous disk that often remains on the substrate after the barnacle has died and been swept away. The black membranes were ripped, more or less, when these were removed from a limpet shell.
Full INTRODUCTION TEXT at flic.kr/p/dLXuCY
Albums with full accounts of all British acorn barnacle species at www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/7215763361...
Care tips:
Enclosure: Provide your scorpion with a ten gallon aquarium or terrarium.
Substrate: Peat moss, potting soil or Eco-earth should be used and be 3-4 inches deep.
Habitat: You should provide your scorpion’s habitat with a shallow water dish as well as a hiding area. They primarily live on the surface under rocks and logs, but do occasionally burrow. Rocks, logs, cork bark, etc. make good hiding places. Moss can be added for floor cover.
Temperature and Lighting: The enclosure should maintain a temperature of 75 to 90° F with a humidity 78 to 82%. You should also provide an under-tank heat pad on one side of the tank for your scorpion.
Food and Water: These scorpions enjoy crickets or mealworms. Babies eat pinhead crickets or other small insects while adults eat cricket
Reptile Mack. MAY 31, 2017. Asian Forest Scorpion Care Sheet. Reptiles by Mack LLC. 01/02/2021. reptilesbymack.com/about-us/
The location, substrate type and size of a juvenile queen conch are recorded during a survey done near Cosgrove shoal near the Marquesas.
The objective of this work was to investigate the use of Palm Male Inflorescence (PMI) and river-sand as substrate for the acclimatization of plantain. Plantlets from three plantain cultivars (Batard, Ebanga and French Clair) were obtained after 16 weeks of tissue cultures and the plantlets were subjected to routine acclimatization under screen house conditions using two different substrates mixed in different ratios (100% Sand, 100% PMI, 75% PMI, 60% PMI and 50% PMI). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with ten (10) replications; each replicate consisting of one micro-pot. The different substrates used significantly influenced the performance of the cultivars. The best medium for acclimatization for French Clair was 60% PMI in terms of percentage survival of plantlets (96.88%), plantlet height (6.03 cm), diameter (0.60 cm), number of leaves (4.42 leaves), leaf area (20.23 cm2), leaf emergence rate (1.64), number of roots (7.70 roots), and root length (18.86 cm). Ebanga plantlets had the best results with 75% PMI in terms of percentage survival of plantlets (96.88%), plantlet height (6.18 cm), diameter (0.62 cm), number of leaves (4.39 leaves), leaf area (20.48 cm2), leaf emergence rate (1.76), and total fresh weight (10.05 g). Meanwhile with Batard cultivar, 50% PMI was the best substrate in terms of percentage survival of plantlets (96.88%), plantlet height (4.41 cm), diameter (0.55 cm), number of leaves (4.55 leaves), leaf area (12.96 cm2), leaf emergence rate (1.55), and number of roots (5.73 roots). The relationship between the different variables assessed shows that plant height have a very strong positive correlation with pseudostem diameter (0.94), number of leaves (0.80), leaf area (0.98), and leaf emergence rate (0.77). This study clearly show that PMI can be a viable substrate to use with sand in plantlet acclimatization; however, the different plant cultivars had optimal result at different proportions of PMI.
Author(s) Details
Ekwa Yawa Monono
Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Ekona, PMB 25 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
Jemimah Evenye Ngale
Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Ekona, PMB 25 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
Levai Lewis Dopgima
Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Ekona, PMB 25 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
Akongte Peter Njukang
Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Ekona, PMB 25 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
Read full article: bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/54/597/483-1
View More: www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYxGLNcDSSg
The base of the shell attached to the substrate is membranous in some species, but others have a white calcareous disk that often remains on the substrate after the barnacle has died and been swept away (as in this image).
Full INTRODUCTION TEXT at flic.kr/p/dLXuCY
Albums with full accounts of all British acorn barnacle species at www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/7215763361...
FERTILE BODY growing at a substrate, formed by merging of smaller areas, can reach up to 30 cm in length. Are seen on the surface of tiny spikes up to 3 mm, light cream or tan color. Edge of the fruiting body is edged with a lighter shade.
MEAT: tinted from white to cream color, odor unspecified. Hard and tough.
HABITAT: vegetate the rotten and dead deciduous trees, usually in oak.
EDIBILITY: inedible mushrooms.
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Left to Right: Air Compressor, air brush, vacuum pump, dicing saw, digital indicator, dicing saw power supply
A fresh layer of dry pampas grass is abouut to be added. The birch logs showed a range of colinization from mycelium. Shittake. Excited to fruit the well colonized ones next spring.
Julidochromis are substrate brooders. They will protect their young for a really long time, however- I saw adults with nearly 1 inch long juveniles hovering nearby!
The substrate of the northern loops panel, with the contact screws set in. The holes are where the wrongly-placed ones were.
Woodland Park Zoo has some of the most wonderful bronze sculptures throughout the park. This bronze hippo lies on the ground as if it were actually in a mud puddle. On this day, there wasn't too much of a puddle, but what was there captured some great reflections from nearby trees. This shot is part of my 365 Photo project for the year, which is all about my feet on substrates. This shot was on my to-do list from day one. Canon 5D
Wall Mounted Sintra Board Substrate jewelry display case for Pasquale Bruni.
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