View allAll Photos Tagged Stability
The Bronto-Skylift ALP being demonstrated at the Brigade headquarters, Lambeth SE1. This combination of a hydraulic platform and ladder was so heavy that it was restricted only to certain fire stations with sufficiently strong floor loadings. The picture shows the ALP with its stability telescopic jacks deployed.
1990
After a few years of stability, the Cardiff Bus fleet is now seeing a number of interesting changes, with the first batch out of a total of 36 electric Yutongs soon due as replacements for the remaining Transbus and Alexander Dennis Darts, and the remining Scania OmniCity artics.
The first sign of the fleet changes came earlier this year with the acquisition of a dozen Mercedes Citaros from Bus Vannin (numbered 141-52) to see off a number of the Darts and some of the 10 original shape Alexander Dennis Enviro300s. The withdrawal programme has been hastrened by the arrival of four Alexander Dennis E20D MMCs on hire from Mistral (numbered 271-4) and five Wright Solar-bodied Scania L94UBs and K230UBs (numbered 768-72) from Go South Coast's Swindon depot.
My photograph focuses on the latter and shows Scania K230UB 772 cruising down Westgate Street in the City Centre in October 2021. She is distinctive in carrying an all-over blue livery, whilst others retain blue and green.
*Working Towards a Better World
I have been thinking long and hard about why our present day psyche has changed so drastically and have come to the conclusion that we are bringing up our children to focus on the ego, rather than the community. It seems to me that we put too much emphasis on material things and not enough on the spiritual or the whole. Yes, we need to teach our children to succeed and do their best but not at any cost without caring about others. We seem to encourage greed rather than sharing, perhaps we need to concentrate more on cherishing each other, our climate and the environment. When we work as a team we produce more through the sharing of ideas and creativity.
We need to coexist better, be more understanding, less critical, more open, less closed. Together we can achieve a great deal more than alone.
I have chosen the colours black and green because of their meaning found on the Color Pro: Color Meaning website:
www.color-wheel-pro.com/color-meaning.html
"Green
Green is the color of nature. It symbolizes growth, harmony, freshness, and fertility. Green has strong emotional correspondence with safety. Dark green is also commonly associated with money.
Green
"Green has great healing power. It is the most restful color for the human eye; it can improve vision. Green suggests stability and endurance. Sometimes green denotes lack of experience; for example, a 'greenhorn' is a novice. In heraldry, green indicates growth and hope. Green, as opposed to red, means safety; it is the color of free passage in road traffic.
Use green to indicate safety when advertising drugs and medical products. Green is directly related to nature, so you can use it to promote 'green' products. Dull, darker green is commonly associated with money, the financial world, banking, and Wall Street.
Dark green is associated with ambition, greed, and jealousy.
Yellow-green can indicate sickness, cowardice, discord, and jealousy.
Aqua is associated with emotional healing and protection.
Olive green is the traditional color of peace".
Black
"Black is associated with power, elegance, formality, death, evil, and mystery.
Black is a mysterious color associated with fear and the unknown (black holes). It usually has a negative connotation (blacklist, black humor, 'black death'). Black denotes strength and authority; it is considered to be a very formal, elegant, and prestigious color (black tie, black Mercedes). In heraldry, black is the symbol of grief".
Black gives the feeling of perspective and depth, but a black background diminishes readability. A black suit or dress can make you look thinner. When designing for a gallery of art or photography, you can use a black or gray background to make the other colors stand out. Black contrasts well with bright colors. Combined with red or orange – other very powerful colors – black gives a very aggressive color scheme.
Interestingly I have followed a few articles written by the New York Times columnist, David Brooks, who has written recently 3 interesting articles about this subject, On April 7th he wrote an article entitled
"What Candidates Need",
www.nytimes.com/2015/04/07/opinion/david-brooks-what-cand...
then on April 11th he wrote an article entitled
"The Moral Bucket List"
www.nytimes.com/2015/04/12/opinion/sunday/david-brooks-th...
and finally today he wrote an article entitled
"When Cultures Shift"
www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/opinion/david-brooks-when-cult...
I find that David addresses many of my concerns quite well in these articles so decided to share them with you.
Thank you for your kind visit. Have a wonderful and beautiful day! xo❤️
Would you like to buy it?
society6.com/product/stability264359_framed-print
All the prints, Daniel Vicario's shop
Veliki Draški vrh is not a difficult summit and is for ski touring also a very nice one. But on this ascent we were in doubts if snow stability is safe enough for the summit ascent. In 2085 we still didn't have any standard equipment (shovel, etc.), so my friend was using skis to cut a block of snow to test it. Anyway, we turned around and still had a nice ski tour. (dia scan)
Música (abrir en nueva pestaña) / Music (Open link in new tab): La Musgaña - Ofertorio.
(English text at the bottom).
La torre de la Iglesia Arciprestal de Santa María del Salvador (Chinchilla de Montearagón, Albacete) tiene sus orígenes en el Siglo XIV, época en la que fue construida en ladrillo y de planta octogonal, decorada con tracerías según la tradición gótico mudéjar. A finales del Siglo XV, a la vez que se acomete la primera ampliación del edificio, se aprovecha también para recubrir todo el cuerpo de ladrillo de la torre mudéjar con grandes sillares, a fin de dotarla de la estabilidad suficiente como para poder colocar el cuerpo del campanario gótico, el cual, mediado el Siglo XVIII, sería sustituido por el actual, con el número de puestos aumentado a ocho (dos en cada uno de sus lados), tal y como luce en la fotografía.
-English:
The tower of Santa María del Salvador Church (Chinchilla de Montearagón, Albacete, Spain) has its origin in the 14th Century, when it was built with bricks and an octogonal plant floor, being decorated with tracery as Mudejar Gothic tradition. At the end of the 15th century, the entire brick gothic tower was covered with large ashlars in order to give it enough stability to place the bell tower structure on it, which mediated the 18th century, was replaced by the current one, with the number of openings increased to eight (two on each of its sides) as the picture shows.
Imagen protegida por Plaghunter / Image protected by Plaghunter
© Francisco García Ríos 2014- All Rights Reserved / Reservados todos los derechos.
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Thank you.
During testing, the stability augmentation system required a lot of fine-tuning. Although the Arrow was not the first aircraft to use such a system, it was one of the first to use a three axes system that other aircraft did not and was consequently problematic. But, this was not the only advanced system developed for the Arrow. Avro’s engineers had created the first non-experimental fly-by-wire control system in an aircraft and a nvaigational computer that used real-time telemetry. The Arrow’s thin wings also nbecessitated the first 4,000 lb/in2 (28 MPa) hydraulic system to supply enough force to the control surfaces using small actuators and piping. The fly-by-wire system used the pilot’s inputs to activate a series of pressure-sensitive transducers in the control stick that sent the signal to an electronic control servo that operated the valves in the hydraulic system to move the various flight controls. This resulted in a lack of control feel so to recreate the mechanical sense, the same electronic control box partly responded to the hydraulic back-pressure fluctuations and triggered actuators in the stick, making it move slightly. Test pilots came to call this “artifical feel” and was an aviation first.
In this image, RL-203 shoots through the skies in southern Ontario. All of the flight tests were conducted at Malton airport. However, on 2 February 1959, a TCA Viscount passenger airplane crash-landed in Toronto, nessistating the test flight be diverted and landing at CFB Trenton. Note the wing fences extending from the dog-tooth to control airflow over the wing. The fences for swept-wing aircraft keep airflow from bleeding to the wingtips and creating a nose-down pitching moment, thus preventing the entire wing from stalling. Soviet aircraft designers employed this technique on several of their aircraft; Western examples are limited.
TAIWAN STRAIT (Aug. 30, 2020) The Arleigh Burke-class guided missile destroyer USS Halsey (DDG 97) conducts a routine transit through the Taiwan Strait. Halsey is forward-deployed to the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations in support of security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Andrew Langholf)
...the Winds, intrinsic by its nature
to support the Wings of flying Birds
supplying density of ether to promote
stability of motion to reign afloat, above
green grass, & storming waters, above
skyscrapers shaking as mirage in dry
desert somewhere & beyond imagination
& common sense perceptible by our eyes,
& equal to verbal innuendo transparent in
realm of vanished steps in firmaments
& bluish Skies, compiling memories &
flying nouns, symbolic coloring of feathers,
even tails while skillful pirouettes attached
to lens & eyes in canvas-atmosphere supplied
by definition predisposed to freely glide
released from yoke of gravitation infesting
totally keyboard, by virtue of composing verse
by mind, old pen, used pencils, paper pile,
as paradigm to revive vain pulse & voice of
sentimental (better say - "emotional"!) libretto,
its proper sounds warmed by a-Capella's
resonance reminding passions of Choral,
sole unity of nouns, its bliss & charm defining
days before, existed but already gone,
by efforts-syllables of every single vowel
by running limping clocks, by holding
memories of individual & personal realm,
routine exchange between variety of Nature's
artifacts, intangible, but highly valued by its
importance:
the drops of Rain,
the trajectory denoting flying Birds,
anticipation to record hues-colors after
Rain, suspended Rainbow as cherished
print on Retina, neuronal marker of speech
aloud, & sonorous imprint from all
around & within semantically embedded
on behalf to stay alive, & to survive in wild
environment enhanced by modern grammar,
already predisposed to cacophony & grotesque of
screams, its echoes, repeating imminence of daily
masquerade & propaganda, its obvious B..l S..t
within its narrative, agenda, ritual
of tidal rise & slow Market-downs,
plus silent foliage at odd & even nights,
its naivete composing sole abstract
of urbanity's dependence co-exist in caves,
subways, in midst of traffic lights
without rage, et-cetera...
Since memory dictates summation, rigor
of stable nouns, verbs, adverbs,
conjunctions, archaic logic interjections
encapsulated in valid disarray of fluid
prepositions: grammatical "adrenaline"
to fix climatic pattern, inhibit Polar hail
& speed of fallen drops, & shape
of snow flakes, & timbre of thunder-bolts,
by changing Energy & Time & Space,
by utter fallacy of creeping argument.
Alas.
...the Wind, the Rain, the calming Snow, all
attributes reality from plane and horizontal
lines evoked Sunrise still running daily to
advent such subtle reign of memories:
Today. About Yesterday.
As Memory from blurring lens in size of print
residing in format of 35 em-em by fodius.
Or - canvas & pigments, or - metal.
Or, even silver prints.
In Black & White for academia tradition.
Dramatic a-Gestalt additional aspect to bust
imagination in cortical proximity within.
...but rushing back-&-forth
to mirrored bliss still shuffled feelings
of breeze touched skin,
& herbal scents of meadows in bloom
recorded by deepest I-ness and
visceral instinct existent, utter Ego before a
Times acclaimed distinction, & more prosaic
than inner Prose, reflecting epitomes
by speaking for subtlest embodiment
of flock of Birds, or any other pattern,
any objects, & forming artifacts,
or - sooner subjects of attraction
as bright as photophobia's accord
to torture eyes ajar,
to store imprint & focus on Retina,
transforming scant perception
of an illusion into precious gift:
Almighty's grant.
As memory. As facts.
As sole summation of perished vibes:
- the foggy lights in rainy night, Boulevard
de Clichy. Paris, 1982;
- the smell Espresso in Rodilla. 1996. Madrid;
- Roll-up-makhorka in Taiga, 1973. My Mother
smoked in labor camps. Since 1941. GULAG.
As memory. As fact...
PHILIPPINE SEA (Feb. 8, 2020) Landing Craft, Utility 1633 assigned to Naval Beach Unit (NBU) 7 departs the well deck aboard Whidbey Island-class dock landing ship USS Germantown (LSD 42) with Marines assigned to the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit and Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Soldiers for combat rubber raiding craft training. Germantown, part of America Expeditionary Strike Group, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit team, is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serves as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Toni Burton)
EAST CHINA SEA (April 10, 2020) An F-35B Lighting II fighter aircraft lands on the flight deck of amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6) while the ship sails in formation with Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force destroyer JS Akebono (DD 108). America, flagship of the America Expeditionary Strike Group, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit team is operating in the 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Vincent E. Zline)
3/52 weeks
stability
I have been going through all million of the shots i took in July of anything and everything...debated about a few different ones for week 3. It is still very tough sometimes to get in front of the camera...with a 20 sec timer you can start giggling about things that make you laugh.
it has been a tough month for me, probably more emotional than most...but I don't hold onto it for long. I could go a year, maybe 2 without shedding a tear. Even to me it sounds cold as i type it...but so not true at all. I have a real hard time crying and a real hard time letting people see me cry or know about it...maybe that is why i have laughed harder this month than most. One of my biggest things is I believe to a degree in attracting what energy you give, i believe that if I stay with a sad thought....more will follow. I have to dump it out one way or another, and it is usually through art. Photography is such gratifying art when it comes to this. I would be painting for 1000 years the pictures I would need to paint for the thoughts that dance in my mind.
ohhh you are so going to get this thrown at you again...but Picasso is my main man for quotes
and
"Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life"
EAST CHINA SEA (Aug. 4, 2020) The amphibious dock landing ship USS Germantown (LSD 42) executes a reverse engine maneuver during a full power engine run. Germantown, part of America Expeditionary Strike Group, is operating in the 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners, and serves as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Taylor DiMartino)
EAST CHINA SEA (Jan. 17, 2020) An F-35B Lightning II assigned to the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM) 265 (Reinforced) lands on the flight deck of amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6). America, flagship of the America Expeditionary Strike Group, 31st MEU team, is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Jonathan Berlier)
Must attribute with link to: www.ptpioneer.com
Image of a girl working out Outside doing stability ball Crunches outdoors in a park
SN/NC: Calotropis Gigantea, Syn. Calotropis Procera, Apocynaceae Family
Calotropis gigantea, the crown flower, is a species of Calotropis native to Cambodia , Indonesia , Malaysia , the Philippines , Thailand , Sri Lanka , India , China , Pakistan , Nepal , and tropical Africa. It is also called Apple of Sodom or Dead Sea Apple.
It is a large shrub growing to 4 m (13 ft) tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in colour. Each flower consists of five pointed petals and a small "crown" rising from the center which holds the stamens . The aestivation found in calotropis is valvate i.e. sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin, without overlapping. The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem . The latex of Calotropis gigantea contains cardiac glycosides , fatty acids , and calcium oxalate . The flowers are long lasting, and in Thailand they are used in floral arrangements. The extract of flowers and leaves has shown hypoglycemic effect in preclinical studies. They were favored by the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani , who considered them a symbol of royalty and wore them strung into leis . In Cambodia , they are used in funerals to decorate the urn or sarcophagus and the interior of the house holding the funeral. The fruit is a follicle and when dry, seed dispersal is by wind . In Indonesia its flowers are called widuri. According to Shivpuran (Hindu religion) the madar flower/crown flower is very much liked by Lord Shiva; therefore the crown flower and its garland are offered to Lord Shiva for peace, prosperity and stability in society. The Crown flower is also one of the major parts of the nine astrological trees (Navagrah tree).
Calotropis gigantea, a flor da coroa (do inglês Crown Flower, pelo seu formato), é uma espécie de Calotropis nativa do Camboja, Indonésia, Malásia, Filipinas, Tailândia, Sri Lanka, Índia, China, Paquistão, Nepal e África tropical. É também chamado Maçã de Sodoma ou Maçã do Mar Morto. É um grande arbusto com até 4 m de altura. Possui cachos de flores de cera brancas ou de lavanda. Cada flor consiste em cinco pétalas pontiagudas e uma pequena "coroa" erguendo-se do centro que contém os estames. A aestivação encontrada em calotropis é valvate, isto é, sépalas ou pétalas em uma espiral apenas se tocam na margem, sem se sobrepor. A planta tem ovais, folhas verdes claras e caule leitoso. O látex de Calotropis gigantea contém glicosídeos cardíacos, ácidos graxos e oxalato de cálcio. As flores são duradouras e, na Tailândia, são usadas em arranjos florais. O extrato de flores e folhas mostrou efeito hipoglicêmico em estudos pré-clínicos. Eles foram favorecidos pela rainha havaiana Liliuokalani, que os considerava um símbolo da realeza e os usava amarrados em leis. No Camboja, eles são usados em funerais para decorar a urna ou sarcófago e o interior da casa que realiza o funeral. A fruta é um folículo e, quando seca, a dispersão das sementes ocorre pelo vento. Na Indonésia, suas flores são chamadas widuri. De acordo com Shivpuran (religião hindu), a madar flor / coroa é muito apreciada pelo Senhor Shiva; portanto, a flor da coroa e sua guirlanda são oferecidas ao Senhor Shiva por paz, prosperidade e estabilidade na sociedade. A flor da coroa também é uma das partes principais das nove árvores astrológicas (árvore Navagrah). No Brasil é conhecida como flor- de-seda, leiteira, algodão-de-seda, queimadeira ou ciúme.
Calotropis gigantea, de kroonbloem, is een soort van Calotropis afkomstig uit Cambodja, Indonesië, Maleisië, de Filippijnen, Thailand, Sri Lanka, India, China, Pakistan, Nepal en tropisch Afrika. Het wordt ook wel Apple of Sodom of Dead Sea Apple genoemd.Het is een grote struik die tot 4 m hoog wordt. Het heeft trossen wasachtige bloemen die wit of lavendel van kleur zijn. Elke bloem bestaat uit vijf puntige bloembladen en een kleine "kroon" die uit het midden oprijst en de meeldraden vasthoudt. De estivatie gevonden in calotropis is valvate d.w.z. kelkblaadjes of bloembladen in een krans raken elkaar gewoon aan de rand, zonder elkaar te overlappen. De plant heeft ovale, lichtgroene bladeren en melkachtige stengel. De latex van Calotropis gigantea bevat hartglycosiden, vetzuren en calciumoxalaat. De bloemen gaan lang mee en worden in Thailand gebruikt in bloemstukken. Het extract van bloemen en bladeren heeft in preklinische studies een hypoglycemisch effect laten zien. Ze werden begunstigd door de Hawaiiaanse koningin Liliuokalani, die hen als een symbool van royalty beschouwde en ze in leis droeg. In Cambodja worden ze gebruikt bij begrafenissen om de urn of sarcofaag en het interieur van het huis met de begrafenis te versieren. De vrucht is een follikel en wanneer het droog is, vindt de verspreiding van het zaad plaats door de wind. In Indonesië worden de bloemen widuri genoemd. Volgens Shivpuran (hindoeïstische religie) is de madarbloem/kroonbloem erg geliefd bij Lord Shiva; daarom worden de kroonbloem en zijn slinger aangeboden aan Lord Shiva voor vrede, welvaart en stabiliteit in de samenleving. De kroonbloem is ook een van de belangrijkste delen van de negen astrologische bomen (Navagrah-boom).
Calotropis gigantea, la flor de la corona, es una especie de Calotropis nativa de Camboya, Indonesia, Malasia, Filipinas, Tailandia, Sri Lanka, India, China, Pakistán, Nepal y África tropical. También se llama Manzana de Sodoma o Manzana del Mar Muerto. Es un arbusto grande que crece hasta 4 m (13 pies) de altura. Tiene racimos de flores cerosas que son de color blanco o lavanda. Cada flor consta de cinco pétalos puntiagudos y una pequeña "corona" que se eleva desde el centro que sostiene los estambres. La estimulación que se encuentra en el calotropis es valvata, es decir, sépalos o pétalos en una espiral, solo se tocan en el margen, sin superponerse. La planta tiene hojas ovales de color verde claro y tallo lechoso. El látex de Calotropis gigantea contiene glucósidos cardíacos, ácidos grasos y oxalato de calcio. Las flores son duraderas y en Tailandia se usan en arreglos florales. El extracto de flores y hojas ha mostrado efecto hipoglucémico en estudios preclínicos. Fueron favorecidos por la reina hawaiana Liliuokalani, que los consideraba un símbolo de la realeza y los llevaba colgados en leis. En Camboya, se usan en funerales para decorar la urna o el sarcófago y el interior de la casa donde se celebra el funeral. El fruto es un folículo y cuando está seco, la dispersión de las semillas es por el viento. En Indonesia sus flores se llaman widuri. Según Shivpuran (religión hindú), la flor de madar / flor de la corona es muy apreciada por Lord Shiva; por lo tanto, la flor de la corona y su guirnalda se ofrecen al Señor Shiva por la paz, la prosperidad y la estabilidad en la sociedad. La flor de la corona es también una de las partes principales de los nueve árboles astrológicos (árbol de Navagrah).
Calotropis gigantea, die Kronblume, ist eine Calotropis-Art, die in Kambodscha, Indonesien, Malaysia, den Philippinen, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indien, China, Pakistan, Nepal und dem tropischen Afrika heimisch ist. Er wird auch Apfel von Sodom oder Apfel vom Toten Meer genannt.
Es ist ein großer Strauch, der bis zu 4 m (13 ft) hoch wird. Es hat Büschel wachsartiger Blüten, die entweder weiß oder lavendelfarben sind. Jede Blüte besteht aus fünf spitzen Blütenblättern und einer kleinen „Krone“, die aus der Mitte herausragt und die Staubgefäße trägt. Die bei Calotropis vorkommende Aestivation ist valviert, d. h. Kelchblätter oder Blütenblätter in einem Wirtel berühren sich am Rand einfach, ohne sich zu überlappen. Die Pflanze hat ovale, hellgrüne Blätter und einen milchigen Stiel. Der Latex von Calotropis gigantea enthält Herzglykoside, Fettsäuren und Calciumoxalat. Die Blüten sind langlebig und werden in Thailand für Blumenarrangements verwendet. Der Extrakt aus Blüten und Blättern hat in präklinischen Studien eine hypoglykämische Wirkung gezeigt. Sie wurden von der hawaiianischen Königin Liliuokalani bevorzugt, die sie als Symbol des Königtums betrachtete und sie zu Ketten trug. In Kambodscha werden sie bei Beerdigungen verwendet, um die Urne oder den Sarkophag und das Innere des Hauses, in dem die Beerdigung stattfindet, zu schmücken. Die Frucht ist ein Follikel und im trockenen Zustand erfolgt die Samenausbreitung durch den Wind. In Indonesien werden seine Blüten Widuri genannt. Laut Shivpuran (hinduistische Religion) ist die Madar-Blume/Kronenblume bei Lord Shiva sehr beliebt; Deshalb werden die Kronenblume und ihre Girlande Lord Shiva für Frieden, Wohlstand und Stabilität in der Gesellschaft geopfert. Die Kronenblume ist auch einer der Hauptbestandteile der neun astrologischen Bäume (Navagrah-Baum).
Calotropis gigantea, la fleur de la couronne, est une espèce de Calotropis originaire du Cambodge, d'Indonésie, de Malaisie, des Philippines, de Thaïlande, du Sri Lanka, d'Inde, de Chine, du Pakistan, du Népal et d'Afrique tropicale. On l'appelle aussi pomme de Sodome ou pomme de la mer Morte.
C'est un grand arbuste atteignant 4 m (13 pi) de haut. Il a des grappes de fleurs cireuses de couleur blanche ou lavande. Chaque fleur se compose de cinq pétales pointus et d'une petite "couronne" partant du centre qui contient les étamines. L'estivation trouvée dans calotropis est valvaire, c'est-à-dire que les sépales ou les pétales dans un verticille se touchent juste à la marge, sans se chevaucher. La plante a des feuilles ovales vert clair et une tige laiteuse. Le latex de Calotropis gigantea contient des glycosides cardiaques, des acides gras et de l'oxalate de calcium. Les fleurs durent longtemps et en Thaïlande, elles sont utilisées dans les compositions florales. L'extrait de fleurs et de feuilles a montré un effet hypoglycémiant dans des études précliniques. Ils ont été favorisés par la reine hawaïenne Liliuokalani , qui les considérait comme un symbole de la royauté et les portait enfilées dans leis . Au Cambodge, elles sont utilisées lors des funérailles pour décorer l'urne ou le sarcophage et l'intérieur de la maison qui accueille les funérailles. Le fruit est un follicule et lorsqu'il est sec, la dispersion des graines se fait par le vent. En Indonésie, ses fleurs sont appelées widuri. Selon Shivpuran (religion hindoue), la fleur de madar/fleur de la couronne est très appréciée par Lord Shiva ; par conséquent, la fleur de la couronne et sa guirlande sont offertes au Seigneur Shiva pour la paix, la prospérité et la stabilité dans la société. La fleur de la couronne est également l'une des principales parties des neuf arbres astrologiques (arbre Navagrah).
Calotropis gigantea, il fiore della corona, è una specie di Calotropis originaria della Cambogia, dell'Indonesia, della Malesia, delle Filippine, della Tailandia, dello Sri Lanka, dell'India, della Cina, del Pakistan, del Nepal e dell'Africa tropicale. Viene chiamata anche Mela di Sodoma o Mela del Mar Morto.
È un grande arbusto che cresce fino a 4 m (13 piedi) di altezza. Ha grappoli di fiori cerosi di colore bianco o lavanda. Ogni fiore è composto da cinque petali appuntiti e da una piccola "corona" che si eleva dal centro che sorregge gli stami. L'estivazione che si trova in calotropis è valvata, cioè i sepali o petali in una spirale si toccano appena al margine, senza sovrapporsi. La pianta ha foglie ovali, di colore verde chiaro e fusto lattiginoso. Il lattice di Calotropis gigantea contiene glicosidi cardiaci, acidi grassi e ossalato di calcio. I fiori sono di lunga durata e in Thailandia sono usati nelle composizioni floreali. L'estratto di fiori e foglie ha mostrato effetti ipoglicemizzanti in studi preclinici. Erano prediletti dalla regina hawaiana Liliuokalani, che li considerava un simbolo di regalità e li indossava legati in leis. In Cambogia vengono utilizzati nei funerali per decorare l'urna o il sarcofago e l'interno della casa che ospita il funerale. Il frutto è un follicolo e quando è secco, la dispersione dei semi avviene per vento. In Indonesia i suoi fiori sono chiamati widuri. Secondo Shivpuran (religione indù) il fiore madar / fiore della corona è molto apprezzato da Lord Shiva; quindi il fiore della corona e la sua ghirlanda sono offerti a Lord Shiva per la pace, la prosperità e la stabilità nella società. Il fiore della corona è anche una delle parti principali dei nove alberi astrologici (albero di Navagrah).
Calotropis gigantea ، زهرة التاج ، هي نوع من Calotropis موطنه كمبوديا وإندونيسيا وماليزيا والفلبين وتايلاند وسريلانكا والهند والصين وباكستان ونيبال وأفريقيا الاستوائية. ويسمى أيضًا تفاح سدوم أو تفاح البحر الميت.
وهي شجيرة كبيرة يصل ارتفاعها إلى 4 أمتار (13 قدمًا). تحتوي على مجموعات من الزهور الشمعية ذات اللون الأبيض أو الخزامى. كل زهرة تتكون من خمس بتلات مدببة و "تاج" صغير يرتفع من المركز الذي يحمل الأسدية. إن aestivation الموجود في calotropis هو valvate ، أي أن الكرات أو البتلات في الزهرة تلمس بعضها البعض فقط على الهامش ، دون تداخل. يحتوي النبات على أوراق بيضاوية وخضراء فاتحة وساق حليبي. يحتوي لاتكس Calotropis gigantea على جليكوسيدات القلب والأحماض الدهنية وأكسالات الكالسيوم. الأزهار طويلة الأمد ، وتستخدم في تايلاند في تنسيق الأزهار. أظهر مستخلص الزهور والأوراق تأثير سكر الدم في الدراسات قبل السريرية. كانوا يفضلون من قبل ملكة هاواي Liliuokalani ، التي اعتبرتهم رمزا للملكية وارتدتهم معلقة في leis. في كمبوديا ، يتم استخدامها في الجنازات لتزيين الجرة أو التابوت الحجري وداخل المنزل الذي يقام الجنازة. الثمرة عبارة عن جريب وعندما تجف ، يتم تشتت البذور بواسطة الرياح. في إندونيسيا تسمى أزهارها ويدوري. وفقًا لشيفبوران (الديانة الهندوسية) ، فإن زهرة مدار / زهرة التاج محبوب جدًا من قبل اللورد شيفا ؛ لذلك يتم تقديم زهرة التاج وإكليلها إلى اللورد شيفا من أجل السلام والازدهار والاستقرار في المجتمع. تعتبر زهرة التاج أيضًا أحد الأجزاء الرئيسية للأشجار الفلكية التسعة (شجرة
نافاغراه).
冠花であるカロトロピス・ギガンテアは、カンボジア、インドネシア、マレーシア、フィリピン、タイ、スリランカ、インド、中国、パキスタン、ネパール、熱帯アフリカ原産のカロトロピスの一種です。 ソドムのリンゴ、死海のリンゴとも呼ばれます。
高さ4メートル（13フィート）に成長する大きな低木です。 白またはラベンダー色のワックス状の花が房状に咲きます。 それぞれの花は、5 つの尖った花びらと、雄しべを保持する中心から立ち上がった小さな「王冠」で構成されています。 カロトロピスで見られる熱意は弁状です。つまり、がく片または花弁が輪になって、重なり合うことなく、縁で互いに接触しているだけです。 植物は楕円形の薄緑色の葉と乳白色の茎を持っています。 Calotropis gigantea の乳液には、強心配糖体、脂肪酸、シュウ酸カルシウムが含まれています。 花持ちが良いので、タイではフラワーアレンジメントに使われます。 花と葉の抽出物は前臨床研究で血糖降下効果が示されています。 これらはハワイの女王リリウオカラニに好まれ、女王はそれらを王族の象徴とみなし、レイに結び付けて身に着けていました。 カンボジアでは、葬儀の際、骨壷や石棺、葬儀を行う家の室内を飾るためにそれらが使用されます。 果実は嚢であり、乾燥すると種子が風によって散布されます。 インドネシアではその花はウィドゥリと呼ばれます。 シヴプラン（ヒンズー教）によれば、マダールの花/王冠の花はシヴァ神にとても好まれています。 したがって、冠の花とその花輪は、社会の平和、繁栄、安定のためにシヴァ神に捧げられます。 クラウンフラワーは、9 つの占星術の木 (ナヴァグラの木) の主要部分の 1 つでもあります。
PHILIPPINE SEA (Aug. 26, 2020) Aviation Boatswain’s Mate (Handling) 3rd Class Breanna Delafuente, from Long Beach, Miss., assigned to the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6), prepares to launch a CH-53 Super Stallion helicopter assigned to the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM) 262 from the ship’s flight deck. America, flagship of the America Expeditionary Strike Group, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit team, is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Vincent E. Zline)
Details from 1975
Designed by: JOHN A. BENNETT
Builders: FLORENCE MARINE
Sole U.K. & Export Agents and design owners MARINE SALES INTERNATIONAL
Construction G.R.P.
L.O.A.. 17'3" 5-25 m.
L.W.L. 14'9" 4-50 m.
Beam: 6'9" 2.06 m.
Draft: 1'6" 0-45 m.
Displacement 1,100 lb. 498 kg.
Sail area: 100 s/ft 9-29 s/m.
No. of berths 2/3
Headroom. 4'6"
Ballast: 250 lb. 111 kg.
Engine: Optional
Water: 5 gals. 22-7 l.
Fuel: 5 gals. 22-7 l
For three years Pedros have been sold by leading marine dealers in the U.K., Europe, and the U.S.A. Offering excellent value, the price includes mast, sails, two berths with cushions, galley, and chemical toilet. An extra berth is available in the forward 'cabin'. In addition to the main ballasted keel, two small bilge keels add to the performance, and allow the boat to sit almost upright on the ground. The stability is quite out standing, making Pedro a very safe boat for all the family. Easy to launch, easy to sa., easy to retrieve, easy to maintain. Add an outboard motor and you have an ideal 'mini motor/sailer', inboard engine details are available on request. Seaworthy? Just ask any of our customers, the North Sea, Irish Sea, English Channel, Atlantic, Baltic, Pacific, Mediterranean, have all seen Pedros in up to gale force 8.... Yes, she's seaworthy!
Price £ 822 Ex Works
"Hairy Woodpecker at Sax-Zim" by Patti Deters. A Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) clings to the textured bark of a pine tree in the boreal forest of Sax-Zim Bog in northern Minnesota, USA. The bird's striking black-and-white plumage, accented by a vivid red patch on its head, creates a striking contrast against the earthy tones of the tree. Its sharp beak is perfectly adapted for pecking into the wood in search of insects, while its sturdy claws and stiff tail feathers provide stability as it navigates the rough surface. Often confused with the downy woodpecker, Picidae is larger overall, has a longer and thicker beak, and the white outer tail feathers are completely white, rather than spotted. Thank you for viewing this vertical image, it is also available with a painterly background at the link below. If you like outdoor nature photography, please enjoy more birds, animals, and other wildlife images at patti-deters.pixels.com.
Painterly Texture Background: patti-deters.pixels.com/featured/hairy-woodpecker-at-sax-...
Quoted from: www.cbsnews.com/news/ai-stable-diffusion-stability-ai-law...
"Stability AI, the first open-source image generator, trained its systems on images from across the internet. An independent analysis of the origin of those images shows at least 15,000 came from gettyimages.com; 9,800 from vanityfair.com; 35,000 from deviantart.net; and 25,000 from pastemagazine.com."
None of the artists whose images were used, gave permission for them to be used in this way.
The Mary River flows through the SE Queensland city of Gympie and then on up to the city of Maryborough before flowing out into Hervey Bay. In Gympie, it’s fairly small although prone to flooding, by Maryborough it’s tidal and a much more fulsome river with some old wharves and a marina.
The railway line in the foreground is a siding from the once busy but now virtually obliterated Maryborough railway yards. It once served the sugar mill and a large saw mill as well as the large engineering works of Walkers which built many Queensland Railways steam, diesel and electric locomotives and electric multiple units. Walkers is still accessed by this long siding and is still in the engineering and railway rollingstock maintenance business. I have posted a number of photos of the heritage precinct in Maryborough which is behind me in the photo in recent months.
The track is also used for heritage steam loco rides, a replica of Walkers first vertical boilered loco, the Mary Ann is often utilised. The replica was not built by Walkers though - read about it here.
maryboroughwhistlestop.org.au/maryann.html
Note the lovely foxtail palm near the centre of the shot.
This is likely to be the last shot I post before the big Flickr shut down later this week. Let’s hope it works well and we get some real stability and a better system afterwards. As the man once said “Hold onto your hats, boys!”..and girls.
Here is the link to the Flickr blog about the shut down and next phase if you haven’t read it.
blog.flickr.net/en/2019/05/08/planned-maintenance-and-fli...
LEGAL NOTICE | protected work • All Rights reserved © B. Egger photographer retains ownership and all copyrights in this work.
licence | please contact me before to obtain prior a license and to buy the rights to use and publish this photo. ▻ more..
photographer ▻ Bernard Egger • collections • sets
| Евразия Europe | mediterranean & alpine scapes
AUSTRIA - one of the most beautiful countries - Styria
C'est formidable de pouvoir montrer ma belle patrie...
location | Bad Mitterndorf, Styria 💚 #DasGrueneHerz
📷 | Autumn Salza Stausee :: rumoto images # 7028
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A cumulonimbus incus is a cumulonimbus cloud which has reached the level of stratospheric stability and has formed the characteristic flat, anvil-top shape. A cumulonimbus incus is a sub-form of cumulonimbus capillatus. Above an exceptionally clearly developed single-cell Cumulonimbus incus, gusts will happen near and under it and can cause a supercell and then a tornado.
Photo taken from my bus window on our way from Vientiane to Vang Vieng. I removed the window reflections with PS. It was approx 7 hour bus ride. We passed endless numbers of villages, bamboo huts, rice paddies and banana trees, all surrounded by the mystique of low-lying clouds on a hazy day. We paused only to honk at water buffalo or goats standing on the road. For the next 3 1/2 hours, we slowly climbed north into the highlands, passing through beautiful valleys and ridges of tropical lush vegetation. At the end of the day the sun came throught and the sunset's were amazing. The breathtaking scenery was unlike anything I have ever seen. Like a mushroom cloud after a nuclear explosion. Well lucky it wasn't, just nature itself ;-)
Een volwassen cumulonimbus incus is absoluut de koning der wolken. Het is een gigantische berg van water die, zeker in de tropen, een hoogte van wel 18 kilometer kan bereiken. Bovenstaande foto laat een buitengewoon duidelijk ontwikkelde enkel-cel cumulonimbus incus zien. Hier ontstaan enorme sterkte winden die zelfs een tornado kunnen veroorzaken. In volle pracht wordt hij bekroond met een reusachtige wigvormige massa van hoge wolken, een duidelijk teken van een volledig ontwikkelde onweersbui. Zolang de lucht rondom de ontwikkelende wolk kouder is dan de wolk zelf blijft deze verder stijgen en groeien. Uiteindelijk bereikt de top van de wolk de bovengrens van de troposfeer. Hier daalt de omgevingstemperatuur niet meer. Het gevolg is dat de wolk niet meer in verticale richting verder kan groeien. De stijgende lucht daaronder blijft de top van de wolk naar boven duwen waardoor de wolktop zich uitspreidt.
PHILIPPINE SEA (Sept. 17, 2020) A CH-53 Super Stallion helicopter assigned to the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU), Marine Medium Tiltrotor Squadron (VMM) 262 (Reinforced) takes off from the flight deck of the forward-deployed amphibious assault ship USS America (LHA 6). America, lead ship of the America Amphibious Ready Group, assigned to Amphibious Squadron Eleven, along with the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, is operating in the U.S. 7th Fleet area of responsibility to enhance interoperability with allies and partners and serve as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Matthew Cavenaile)
Dr. Larue: "Well we would have unexplicable tremors, tramatic changes in the weather, and if we didn't achieve stability our world is headed for disaster."
*lightbalb pops*
Mayor: "Oh we're doomed."
~ Horton Hears a Who
Europe, Netherlands, North Sea, Beach, Dunes, Beach huts near Willy Zuid (slightly cut from L)
To me this row of beach huts looked a bit like a series of domino stones in the process of tumbling down.
Beach huts in Katwijk can be rented from April to the end of August. After that they are disassembled and moved to a storage facility. Some huts are let for the whole season (like this row), most can be let for a day.
The huts are slightly sunken in the sand for stability and the area behind and at the sides is covered with a layer of shells to prevent the sometimes fierce wind get an easy grip on the sand. Throughout the season this has to be repeated. Presumably there's some laxness to these proceedings when the bathing season draws to an end ;-)
SASEBO, Japan (Aug. 9, 2020) Landing craft, air cushion 10, assigned to Naval Beach Unit 7, prepares to enter the well deck of the amphibious dock landing ship USS Germantown (LSD 42) as the ship conducts amphibious operations. Germantown, part of the America Expeditionary Strike Group, is operating in the 7th Fleet area of operations to enhance interoperability with allies and partners, and serves as a ready response force to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Taylor DiMartino)
Hadrian's Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of Great Britain. It was the second of three such fortifications built across Great Britain, the first being Gask Ridge and the last the Antonine Wall. All three were built to prevent military raids by the Pictish tribes (ancient inhabitants of Scotland) to the north, to improve economic stability and provide peaceful conditions in the Roman province of Britannia to the south, and to physically mark the frontier of the Empire. Hadrian's Wall is the best known of the three because it remains the most physically preserved and evident today.
The wall was the northern border of the Empire in Britain for much of the Roman Empire's rule, and also the most heavily fortified border in the Empire. In addition to its use as a military fortification, it is thought that the gates through the wall would also have served as customs posts to allow trade taxation.
A significant portion of the wall still exists, particularly the mid-section, and for much of its length the wall can be followed on foot. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern England, where it is often known simply as the Roman Wall. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987. English Heritage, a government organization in charge of managing the historic environment of England, describes it as "the most important monument built by the Romans in Britain".[1]
Sections of Hadrian's Wall remain near Greenhead and along the route, though other large sections have been dismantled over the years to use the stones for various nearby construction projects.
Sections of Hadrian's Wall remain near Greenhead and along the route, though other large sections have been dismantled over the years to use the stones for various nearby construction projects.
The Roman name of the Wall
No stone inscription survives to confirm what the Wall was called in antiquity, and no historical source gives it a name. However, the discovery of a small enamelled bronze Roman cup in Staffordshire in 2003 has provided a clue. The cup is inscribed with a series of names of Roman forts (see also the botrom of this page) along the western sector of the Wall, together with a personal name and a phrase:
MAIS COGGABATA VXELODVNVM CAMBOGLANNA RIGORE VALI AELI DRACONIS
Here we have Bowness (MAIS, followed by what must be the correct name for Drumburgh-by-Sands (COGGABATA) until now known only as CONGAVATA from the late Roman document, the Notitia Dignitatum. Next comes Stanwix (VXELODVNVM), then Castlesteads (CAMBOGLANNA), before we get to the most tantalizing part.
RIGORE seems to be the ablative form of the Latin word rigor. This can mean several things, but one of its less well-known meanings is ‘straight line’, ‘course’ or ‘direction’. This was used by Roman surveyors and appears on a number of inscriptions to indicate a line between places. So the meaning could be ‘from the course’, or better in English 'according to the course'.
The Staffordshire Moorlands cup, which provides the ancient name of Hadrian's Wall.
The Staffordshire Moorlands cup, which provides the ancient name of Hadrian's Wall.
There is no such word as vali, but in antiquity Hadrian’s Wall was known as the Vallum, the Latin word for a frontier which is today incorrectly applied to the ditch and mounds dug by the Roman army just south of the Wall. The genitive form of Vallum is Valli, so one of the most likely meanings is VAL[L]I, ‘of the frontier’. Omitting one of a pair of double consonants is common on Roman inscriptions, and transcribing an inscription from a written note is the easiest way to miss out letters. Another similar bronze vessel, known as the Rudge Cup (found in Wiltshire in the 18th century) has VN missing from the name VXELODVNVM, for example, although the letters appear on the Staffordshire cup. The Rudge Cup only bears fort names.
The name AELI is also in the genitive. This was Hadrian's nomen, his main family name and we know that the Roman bridge at Newcastle-upon-Tyne was called Pons Aelius.
Finally we have the name DRACONIS, which can be translated as ‘[by the hand – or property] of Aelius Draco’. It was normal for Roman manufacturers to give their names in the genitive (‘of’), and ‘by the hand’ would be understood. The form is common, for example, on samian pottery.
The translation, therefore, could be:
‘Mais, Coggabata, Uxelodunum, Camboglanna, according to the line of the Aelian frontier. [By the hand or The property] of Draco’.
This would mean the Romans knew Hadrian's Wall as Vallum Aeli, 'the Aelian frontier'.
Dimensions
Hadrian's Wall was 80 Roman miles (73.5 English miles or 117 kilometres) long, its width and height dependent on the construction materials which were available nearby: east of River Irthing the wall was made from squared stone and measured 3 m (9.7 ft) wide and 5 to 6 metres (16–20 ft) tall; west of the river the wall was made from turf and measured 6 metres (20 ft) wide and 3.5 metres (11.5 ft) high. This does not include the wall's ditches, berms, and forts. The central section measured 8 Roman feet wide (7.8 ft or 2.4 m) on a 10 foot base.
Route
Map showing the location of Hadrian's Wall.
Map showing the location of Hadrian's Wall.
Hadrian's Wall extended west Segedunum at Wallsend on the River Tyne to the shore of the Solway Firth. The A69 and B6318 roads follow the course of the wall as it starts in Newcastle upon Tyne to Carlisle, then on round the northern coast of Cumbria. The Wall is entirely in England and south of the border with Scotland by 15 kilometres (9 mi) in the west and 110 kilometres (68 mi) in the east.
Hadrian
Hadrian's Wall was built following a visit by Roman emperor Hadrian (AD 76–138) in AD 122. Hadrian was experiencing military difficulties in Britain, and from the peoples of various conquered lands across the Empire, including Egypt, Judea, Libya, Mauretania, and many of the peoples conquered by his predecessor Trajan, so he was keen to impose order. However the construction of such an impressive wall was probably also a symbol of Roman power, both in occupied Britain and in Rome. Frontiers in the early empire were based more on natural features or fortified zones with a heavy military presence. Military roads or limes often marked the border, with forts and signal towers spread along them and it was not until the reign of Domitian that the first solid frontier was constructed, in Germania Superior, using a simple fence. Hadrian expanded on this idea, redesigning the German border by ordering a continuous timber palisade supported by forts behind it. Although such defences would not have held back any concerted invasion effort, they did physically mark the edge of Roman territory and went some way to providing a degree of control over who crossed the border and where.
Hadrian reduced Roman military presence in the territory of the Brigantes and concentrated on building a more solid linear fortification to the north of them. This was intended to replace the Stanegate road which is generally thought to have served as the limes (the boundary of the Roman Empire) until then.
Construction
Construction probably started in 122 AD and was largely completed within eight years, with soldiers from all three of the occupying Roman legions participating in the work. The route chosen largely paralleled the nearby Stanegate road from Luguvalium (Carlisle) to Coria (Corbridge), which was already defended by a system of forts, including Vindolanda. The Wall in part follows the outcrop of a harder, more resistant igneous dolerite rock escarpment, known as the Great Whin Sill.
The initial plan called for a ditch and wall with 80 small, gated milecastle fortlets every Roman mile holding a few dozen troops each, and pairs of evenly spaced intermediate turrets used for observation and signalling. The wall was initially designed to a width of 3 metres (10 ft) (the so-called "Broad Wall"). The height is estimated to have been around 5 or 6 metres (16–20 ft). Local limestone was used in the construction, except for the section to the west of Irthing where turf was used instead as there were no useful outcrops nearby. The turf wall was 6 metres wide (20 ft) and around 3.5 metres (11.5 ft) high. Milecastles in this area were also built from timber and earth rather than stone but turrets were always stone. The Broad Wall was initially built with a clay-bonded rubble core and mortared dressed rubble facing stones, but this seems to have made it vulnerable to collapse and repair with a mortared core was sometimes necessary.
Roman fort at Corstopitum.
Roman fort at Corstopitum.
The milecastles were of three different designs, depending on which Roman legion built them — the Second, Sixth, and Twentieth Legions, whose inscriptions tell us were all involved in the construction. Similarly there are three different turret designs along the route. All were about 493 metres (539 yd) apart and measured 4.27 metres square (46.0 sq ft) internally.
Construction was divided into lengths of about 5 miles (8 km). One group of each legion would create the foundations and build the milecastles and turrets and then other cohorts would follow, building the wall itself.
Early in its construction, just after reaching the North Tyne (construction worked from east to west), the width of the wall was narrowed to 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) or even less (sometimes 1.8m) (the "Narrow Wall"). However, Broad Wall foundations had already been laid as far as the river Irthing, where the Turf Wall began, and many turrets and milecastles were optimistically provided with stub 'wing walls' in preparation for joining to the Broad Wall; a handy reference for archaeologists trying to piece together the construction chronology.
Within a few years it was decided to add a total of 14 to 17 (sources disagree) full-sized forts along the length of the wall, including Vercovicium (Housesteads) and Banna (Birdoswald), each holding between 500 and 1,000 auxiliary troops (no legions were posted to the wall). The eastern end of the wall was extended further east from Pons Aelius (Newcastle) to Segedunum (Wallsend) on the Tyne estuary. Some of the larger forts along the wall, such as Cilurnum (Chesters) and Vercovicium (Housesteads), were built on top of the footings of milecastles or turrets, showing the change of plan. An inscription mentioning early governor Aulus Platorius Nepos indicates that the change of plans took place early on. Also some time still during Hadrian's reign (i.e., before AD 138) the wall west of the Irthing was rebuilt in sandstone to basically the same dimensions as the limestone section to the east.
Vallum at Hadrian's Wall near milecastle 42
Vallum at Hadrian's Wall near milecastle 42
After the forts had been added (or possibly at the same time), the so-called Vallum was built on the southern side. It consisted of a large, flat-bottomed ditch 6 metres (20 ft) wide at the top and 3 metres (10 ft) deep bounded by a berm on each side 10 metres (33 ft) wide. Beyond the berms were earth banks 6 metres (20 ft) wide and 2 metres (6.5 ft) high. Causeways crossed the ditch at regular intervals. Initially the berm appears to have been the main route for transportation along the wall. The Vallum probably delineated a military zone rather than intending to be a major fortification, though the British tribes to the south were also sometimes a military problem.
The Wall was thus part of a defensive system which, from north to south included:
* a glacis and a deep ditch
* a berm with rows of pits holding entanglements
* the curtain wall itself
* a later military road (the "Military Way")
* a north mound, a ditch and a south mound to prevent or slow down any raids from a rebelling southern tribe.
Roman-period names
The remains of milecastle 39, near Steel Rigg
The remains of milecastle 39, near Steel Rigg
The Roman-period names of some of the Hadrian's Wall forts are known, from the Notitia Dignitatum and other evidence:
* Segedunum (Wallsend)
* Pons Aelius (Newcastle on Tyne)
* Condercum (Benwell Hill)
* Vindobala (Halton Chesters)[2]
* Hunnum (Rudchester)[2]
* Cilurnum (Chesters aka Walwick Chesters)[2]
* Procolita (Carrowburgh)
* Vercovicium (Housesteads)
* Aesica (Great Chesters)[2]
* Magnis (Carvoran)
* Banna (Birdoswald)
* Camboglanna (Castlesteads)
* Uxelodunum (Stanwix. Also known as Petriana)
* Aballava (Burgh-by-Sands)
* Coggabata (Drumburgh)
* Mais (Bowness)
Outpost forts beyond the Wall include:
* Habitancum (Risingham)
* Bremenium (Rochester)[2]
* Ad Fines (Chew Green) [1]
Supply forts behind the wall include:
* Alauna (Maryport)
* Arbeia (South Shields)
* Coria (Corbridge)
* Vindolanda (Little Chesters)[2]
* Vindomora (Ebchester)[2]
Garrison
The wall was garrisoned by auxiliary (i.e., non-legionary) units of the army (non-citizens). Their numbers fluctuated throughout the occupation, but may have been around 9,000 strong in general, including infantry and cavalry. The new forts could hold garrisons of 500 men while cavalry units of 1,000 troops were stationed at either end. The total number of soldiers manning the early wall was probably greater than 10,000.
They suffered serious attacks in 180, and especially between 196 and 197 when the garrison had been seriously weakened, following which major reconstruction had to be carried out under Septimius Severus. The region near the wall remained peaceful for most of the rest of the 3rd century. It is thought that many in the garrison may have married and integrated into the local community.
Part of Hadrian's wall near Housesteads.
Part of Hadrian's wall near Housesteads.
After Hadrian
In the years after Hadrian's death in 138, the new emperor, Antoninus Pius essentially abandoned the wall, though leaving it occupied in a support role, and began building a new wall in Scotland proper, about 160 kilometres (100 mi) north, the Antonine Wall. This turf wall ran 40 Roman miles (about 37.8 mi or 61 km) and had significantly more forts than Hadrian's Wall. Antonine was unable to conquer the northern tribes and so when Marcus Aurelius became emperor, he abandoned the Antonine Wall and occupied Hadrian's Wall once again in 164. It remained occupied by Roman troops until their withdrawal from Britain.
In the late 4th century, barbarian invasions, economic decline, and military coups loosened the Empire's hold on Britain. By 410, the Roman administration and its legions were gone, and Britain was left to look to its own defences and government. The garrisons, by now probably made up mostly of local Britons who had nowhere else to go, probably lingered on in some form for generations. Archaeology is beginning to reveal that some parts of the Wall remained occupied well into the 5th century. Enough also survived in the 8th century for spolia from it to find its way into the construction of Jarrow Priory, and for Bede to see and describe the Wall thus in Historia Ecclesiastica 1.5, although he misidentified it as being built by Septimius Severus:
“ after many great and dangerous battles, he thought fit to divide that part of the island, which he had recovered from the other unconquered nations, not with a wall, as some imagine, but with a rampart. For a wall is made of stones, but a rampart, with which camps are fortified to repel the assaults of enemies, is made of sods, cut out of the earth, and raised above the ground all round like a wall, having in front of it the ditch whence the sods were taken, and strong stakes of wood fixed upon its top. ”
But in time the wall was abandoned and fell into ruin. Over the centuries and even into the 20th century a large proportion of the stone was reused in other local buildings.
In fiction
Sycamore Gap (the "Robin Hood Tree")
Sycamore Gap (the "Robin Hood Tree")
* Hadrian's Wall was featured extensively in the movie King Arthur (which depicted the story of the people the Arthurian legends were supposedly based on). The one kilometre (0.6 mi) long replica, located in County Kildare, Ireland, was the largest movie set ever built in that country, and took a crew of 300 construction workers four and a half months to build. The fort in the movie where Arthur and his Sarmatian "knights" were garrisoned was based on the Roman fort named Vindolanda, which was built around AD 80 just south of Hadrian's Wall in what is now called Chesterholm, in Northern England. In the movie, the fort is attached to the wall.
* Sycamore Gap, a section of the wall between two crests just west of milecastle 38, is locally known as the "Robin Hood Tree". This location was used in the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, as the setting for an interlude during Robin's journey from the White Cliffs (actually shot at the Seven Sisters Hills) to Nottingham via Aysgarth Falls.
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Abandoned Abused Street Dogs.
Back Story .........................................
Long day so I'll start at the beginning .
Arrived just after first light, Mama was at the gate.
Opened the bingo room, filled the dog bowl then
with Mama on point we went up to the roof for a recon.
Sent out the usual sharp whistle across the swamp and
Rocky was in motion. When he arrived at the same same
spot Mama and Rocky did the wild crash and chase game.
Spent four + hours on the roof addressing some of the
alien marks on the walls.
Remember I said change was coming and I wasn't kidding.
By 11AM the heat on the roof was getting to us so we took
off for the bingo room. Dogs were given fresh food an water.
Next on the to do list is a visit over where the head monk is.
Big bag of special food was made ready for all the hooligans
that live over there, same place where the cave is.
With Rocky and Mama in tow we circumvented the DMZ and
did an exit across the cement walking bridge.
One item I wanted to pick up from the head monk is another
colorful braided bracelet.Actually I wanted 3 more.
The 40 Baht charged for each bracelet goes in a donation box.
You most likely notice them on my wrist in many of my photos.
There was maybe 80 or 100 new colorful bracelets on display but Mr Murphy had to make his presents known.
Dug through all of them and could only find one that fit my hands. The woman who was showing them was perplexed cuz
they just didn't fit. I took her hand and placed it on mine. Her hand only covered my palm. We both had a big laugh and I took the only one that semi- fit, such is life..... ;-)
So now lets talk about this photo ...................................................
Mama and Rocky were waiting for me about 40 meters away.
When the business was finished with the bracelet and all the
hooligans were fed and cared for we took off along the base of
the monkey mountain. There's a very steep and very old set of
cement stairs that goes straight up. Might mention, these steps are quite precarious, dangerous and lacking in stability.
Anyway Mama an Rocky insisted on going for a hike by taking
a detour straight up said cement steps.
They kept stopping and looking back at me to make sure we were all on the same page. Well I figured this was a good time
to just follow along plus they needed something different to do.
Couldn't believe they were so full of energy cuz I wasn't !
Not after the time we spent on the roof in the boiling hot sun.
Mama was on point while Rocky stayed close to me. When I sat
Rocky laid right next to me even when Mama went far ahead.
In-fact at one point Mama was about 100 + meters up ahead of
us. She was out of sight and I could tell Rocky didn't like her
doing that but like a loyal bodyguard he stayed right next to me.
An hour later we all descended back down the mentioned steps.
Going down was really hard on the knees, not theirs just mine.
Wandered back over to the bingo room where more water an
food was consumed by the three of us. .
Made it home around 3:30PM where 3 more hooligans awaited
my timely arrival.
It'll be a couple days before I can return to The Dog Palace.
No# 1 went to Bangkok today and won't be back any time soon.
Her youngest brother is in the hospital for surgery so her return is up in the air for the time being.
It's my job to hold down the fort until her return, plus the new
bike goes in tomorrow for it's license which was out dated the
last day of December.Both bikes have been sitting 4 six months.
Thanks for stopping by and leaving your comments ..... The End .....
Otis Redding , Satisfaction.
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Jon&Crew.
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Winter day at Starved Rock State Park. Visiting canyons . Photographing Ice formations. Digital photography.
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