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PACIFIC OCEAN (Sept. 20, 2012) Operating to ensure security and stability in the vital Asia-Pacific region, two of the U.S. Navy’s 11 global force aircraft carriers conducted readiness operations at the conclusion of exercise Valiant Shield. The Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruiser USS Mobile Bay (CG 53), foreground, and the aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) transit the Pacific Ocean with the U.S. Navy's forward-deployed aircraft carrier USS George Washington (CVN 73). Stennis' transit across the Western Pacific and George Washington's exercise off of Guam allowed the two carriers to conduct dual carrier operations which improve both carrier's interoperability, readiness and the capability to respond quickly in support of security and stability efforts around the globe. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Stephanie Smith)
Another view of the Robert Esnault-Pelterie (R.E.P.) monoplane, obviously with again modifications at the tail. It seems now a very large elevator (fixed and moveable part) with the rudder also with a very large fixed part.
Robert Esnault-Pelterie was constantly modifying his original R.E.P. 2 design, likely to improve stability and ease of contrrol.
Mark that there is a small winglet just behind the engine section on the side of the fuselage.
Mauirce Guffroy (1868 - 1911) was an early French balloonist who later turned to heavier-than-air aeroplanes like the R.E.P. He never acquired a pilot licence.
Stability CrossFit (7,300 square feet)
Gustavo Machado Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (2,975 square feet)
1944 Laskin Road, Suites 402 & 401, Regency Hilltop, Virginia Beach, VA
Harlem, Manhattan, New York City, United States
Designed in two sections by different architects, the Metropolitan Baptist Church (originally the New York Presbyterian Church) is a fine example of the many new churches built in Harlem during the late 19th century at a time when the local church represented wealth and stability to the community. The building is distinguished by a somewhat unusual blend of the Gothic and Romanesque Revival styles, both favored in part for their imposing character, and reflects the importance of its original congregation.
The earlier section of rough-faced limestone church, fronting on West 128th Street, was planned by John Rochester Thomas in 1884. It housed a small lecture room/ chapel and was erected with the intention of adding a principal auditorium structure at a later date. The addition, comprising the Seventh Avenue facade and the northern section of the church, was completed in 1890 and designed by Richard R. Davis. Davis' extension, with its dominating gable and towers, complemented the Thomas design incorporating many details from the earlier structure.
Although the immediate neighborhood was not fully developed when the building was commissioned by the New York Presbyterian Church, greater Harlem was blossoming as New York's most fashionable suburb. Harlem derived its name from the village of Nieuw Harlem established in the region by Peter Stuyvesant in 1658, and embraced the area of Manhattan above Morningside Heights between the Hudson and Harlem Rivers. The region remained rural until the turn of the century. Country estates in the western half of the district took advantage of magnificent views from Harlem Heights, while the eastern section, between present-day 110th and 125th Streets, was cultivated as farmlands. It was not until the 1830s, when the New York & Harlem Railroad ran trains to 129th Street, that Harlem's potential as a residential suburb was recognized.
The transformation from rural village to fashionable upper-and upper-middle-class neighborhood, however, did not occur until after the 1870s. Harlem suffered a decline in the 1830s when its lush farmlands were depleted, and many great estates were sold at public auction during this period. The striking vistas and beautiful unspoiled country nevertheless attracted fashionable downtowners on picnics and day trips, particularly after the 1860s. In the 1870s the rapid growth of New York City began to notably affect the status of nearby Harlem. The area was annexed to the City in 1873, and from 1878 - 1881, three lines of the elevated railroad were extended as far north as 129th Street, precipitating the development of new residential neighborhoods.
The building boom lasted until 1905. Exclusive homes, such as Strivers Row in the St. Nicholas Historic District on 138th and 139th Streets, designed in part by Standford White in 1891, were erected for affluent, established New Yorkers, people of wealth and taste, as Harlem came to epitomize the ultimate in fashion and elegance. An 1893 article in the Harlem Monthly Magazine foresaw correctly that "It is evident to the most superficial observer that the centre of fashion, wealth, culture, and intelligence, must, in the near future, be found in the ancient and honorable village of Harlem.." By 1900 luxurious apartment houses lined Lenox Avenue in the 130's and 140's blocks and Seventh Avenue, then one of the finest residential streets in New York. Harlem also boasted elegant rows of brownstones, the fashionable Polo Grounds, and the distinguished Harlem Opera House, which opened on West 125th Street in 1889.
As exclusive neighborhoods shifted northward, most churches were compelled to follow their congregations to Harlem. Many expensive and imposing church edifices were erected for prestigious congregations whose membership often numbered in the thousands.
When the leaders of the New York Presbyterian Church purchased the comer lots on Seventh Avenue and 128th Street in 1884 they were criticized for planning such a costly project, but the church had anticipated the growth of the immediate neighborhood and the healthy expansion of membership. At the time, the New York Presbyterian Church was well established in the city. The roots of the Presbyterian faith, which is based on a modified form of Calvinism and a specific ecclesiastical hierarchy, date to 1754 when the Associate Presbytery was formed by members of the religious secession in Scotland.
In 1782, the Associate Reformed Church was formed when the Associate Presbytery joined with the Reformed Church of America. Three churches of this order were established in New York, but left a dissatisfied remnant group when they united as one in 1822. The small Scotch-Irish remnant, led by a representative of the Associate Reformed Synod, was established as the Associate Reformed Church of the City of New York in 1831, accepted into the New York Presbytery in 1867, and subsequently renamed the New York Presbyterian Church.
After occupying several downtown locations the church decided to establish a permanent headquarters in Harlem and commissioned John Rochester Thomas (1848-1901) to design the new building. Born and trained in Rochester, New York, Thomas was reputed to have designed more public and semi-public buildings than any other architect in the country. Among his works were the Eighth Regiment Armory, the Seventy-first Regiment Armory, the Squadron A Armory, a designated New York City Landmark, an extension to the old New York Stock Exchange, buildings for the New York State Reformatory at Elmira, the New Jersey State Reformatory at Rahway, and the Eastern New York Reformatory.
Among the educational institutions from which he received commissions were the University of Rochester, Rochester Theological Seminary, Cornell University, and the University of Virginia. Thomas designed more than 150 churches, one of which was the Second Reformed Church at Lenox Avenue and 123rd Street, now the Ephesus Seventh Day Adventist Church in the Mount Morris Park Historic District. Thomas is perhaps best known, however, for his 1889 design of the Hall of Records or Surrogates Court, a designated New York City Landmark. Richard R. Davis, who designed the auditorium addition, was a Harlem architect who maintained an office, 247 West 125th Street. He was responsible for many fine apartments and row houses in the area.
The cornerstone of the Thomas-designed church building was laid in October 18, 1884, and the first service held in September, 1885. The north side of the church was finished with a temporary frame bay in anticipation of the future addition. Ground was broken for the main auditorium structure on Thanksgiving Day, 1889. Davis' addition completed the church, incorporating the original design of both the exterior and interior. The new, wide, fan-shaped auditorium, which opened in October 1890, was partitioned from the original lecture room. When necessary, the two rooms were opened up as one during large Sunday services.
While the reason for the two-part construction was probably financial, it remains unclear why Thomas did not complete the project he had commenced six years earlier. Davis, in fact, appears to have plagiarized his composition for the Seventh Avenue addition from the western section of the nearby Reformed Low Dutch Church of Harlem on Lenox Avenue and West 123rd Street, designed by Thomas in 1885. The similarity is too close to be coincidental. Evidently quite proud of the completed New York Presbyterian Church, Davis claimed the entire design as his own in an 1893 business advertisement.
Only a few years after the New York Presbyterian Church was completed the character of Harlem began to undergo yet another transformation. Proposed subway routes to West Harlem sparked a wave of real estate speculation that continued until the bottom fell out of the market in 1904-1905. In 1904, a black businessman named Philip Payton founded the Afro-American Realty Company, which, during its short life, played a major role in the development of Harlem as a black community. In the aftermath of the real estate collapse, which produced a surplus of housing, Payton acquired five-year leases on white-owned properties and rented them at higher rates to black families.
Blacks who could afford high rents had begun moving to Harlem at the turn of the century. A dramatic increase in Harlem's black population came, however, as hundreds of black families were uprooted when their homes in the Tenderloin area near 34th Street were destroyed during the 1906 -1910 construction of Pennsylvania Station. For the first time good housing in large quantities was available to New York's blacks. People talked of "moving up to Harlem". Just as Harlem had been an exclusive white community, it became an exclusive black community, with more than 50,000 blacks living there by 1914.
After the 1908 collapse of the Afro-American Realty Company, local churches played the most influential roles in the development of black Harlem. Traditionally, the church was the most stable institution in the black community. Church wealth and influence expanded concurrently with the growth of Harlem's black population and membership enjoyed a healthy increase as churches began to purchase property and move to Harlem.
During the early 20th century many white denominations sold their church buildings to black congregations as "on to Harlem" movements brought black churches to the area. Selling their downtown properties at high rates, the black churches often invested their profits in local Harlem real estate.
By the 1920s almost every well-established black church had relocated uptown. Many had congregations so large that it was necessary to hold several services on a single Sunday.
Unlike the established black churches that moved to Harlem from downtown locations, the Metropolitan Baptist Church was a new congregation. Organized as the Mercy Street Baptist Church by seven blacks in 1912, the congregation merged with the Zion Baptist Church and worshipped in the basement of a house at 45-47 West 134th Street, paying $1.00 per year in rent. When the Reverend W.W. Brown arrived from Pittsburgh to lead the church in 1914, membership numbered 380.
The congregation grew rapidly under Brown's direction and services were moved to the Public Casino. In 1916, the Metropolitan Baptist Church purchased three lots on West 138th Street between Lenox Avenue and constructed a temporary building that seated 1,500 persons. After this proved inadequate, the Church purchased the New York Presbyterian Building on West 128th Street in 1918 at a cost of $85,000. In 1929 the Church acquired the three adjoining row houses on West 128th Street with the intention of erecting a youth center. These were later torn down but the center was never built.
Description
The exterior of the Metropolitan Baptist Church is little changed from its original appearance. The limestone structure shows a handsome blend of detail from the Gothic and Romanesque Revival styles which were the rule for ecclesiastical architecture of the period. Introduced in the 1840s, the Gothic Revival style never lost its popularity in church design throughout the remainder of the century, even after the Romanesque Revival style became fashionable in the 1880s. While the two styles were considered equally acceptable, elements from both were not commonly combined in one building design as they are in the Metropolitan Baptist Church.
The low and heavy massing of the church, the rough-cut stone, the conical roof form, and the use of dwarf columns with foliate capitals are typically Romanesque, while the pointed arches, richly decorated fenestration, tracery, and flying buttress are characteristic of the Gothic Revival. Although planned separately, the designs of architects Thomas and Davis work well as one, forming a unified whole with a variety of geometric volumes that intersect at different levels, and the principal facades gain a special character from a skilled combination of projecting and receding planes.
The Thomas-designed section on West 128th Street demonstrates the architect's skill in ecclesiastical design. Small in scale, the two and one-half story facade is dominated by a tremendous slate roof, shaped as a partial cone. A central peak-roofed gable end projects slightly from a bow-shaped wall that follows the curve of the roof, while a smaller peaked gable marks the southeast corner of the building.
Located at the southwest corner, the principal entrance (originally designed to be crowned by a belltower) reveals a fine design. Engaged dwarf columns of polished granite mounted on limestone bases and crowned by foliate capitals flank heavy wooden doors finished with medieval hardware. A recessed Gothic-arched stained glass transom with decorative stone tracery appears above. The transom is framed by three stone moldings that spring from the capitals and an outer molding terminating in carved bosses. A similar door appears on the east end of the facade, adjacent to a three-sided angular bay.
The entire facade is articulated by groups of stained glass, Gothic-arched lancet windows that appear at various levels. The principal gable is lit by a handsome stained-glass rose window with stone voussoirs and arched molding that appears over five lancet windows. Three small trefoil-arched lancets pierce the attic story. Decorative facade elements include terminal blocks with ornamental trefoils at the roofline, and slender engaged granite dwarf columns with foliate capitals that flank the rose window.
The west facade of the church, designed by Richard R. Davis, is dominated by a large-scale, steeply-pitched peaked roof gable end of rough cut stone traversed at intervals by plain bandcourses. The gable is flanked by engaged round towers pierced by a circle of trefoil-arched stained glass lancets crowned by layered conical roofs. A stained glass rose window is centered on the facade, set within a Gothic-arched enframement that springs from pairs of engaged columns and pilasters. Five Gothic-arched lancets unified by a continuous molding pierce the wall at ground level.
These are crowned by four circular plaques carved with trefoils. A bandcourse of the same motifs runs above, echoed by a similar bandcourse that marks the gable at attic level. A double lancet crowned by a Gothic-arched molding appears under the roof peak, which, like the towers, is crowned by a stone finial. A Gothic-arched entry flanked by engaged granite columns appears on either side of the gable end. Polished granite columns with foliate capitals flank the wooden doors, which are crowned by Gothic tracery, recalling the door compositions used by Thomas on the southern facade. A single flying buttress, another Gothic Revival element, marks the church's southwest corner at second story level.
The Metropolitan Baptist Church is remarkable for its fine stonework and stained glass, handsome composition, striking asymmetrical massing, and skilled combination of Gothic and Romanesque Revival forms. Positioned on a corner site, the church dominates the street-scape, while intersecting gables and a varied roof line give the building a special character. The original design is remarkably intact, including a particularly fine cast-iron fence at street level. The building is an excellent example of Harlem's ecclesiastical architecture, and an important symbol of the wealth and prestige enjoyed by Harlem churches.
- From the 1981 NYCLPC Landmark Designation Report
Launch of the Fine Gael Stability Treaty Facebook App at Fine Gael HQ - 2 May 2012 - The application allows people to send questions to Fine Gael about the Stability Treaty.
Cultural Diplomacy, Soft Power, Multiculturalism, Interdependence, Mutual Understanding, Global Peace and Stability, Academic Exchange & Conflict Resolution
Institute for Cultural Diplomacy (ICD) www.culturaldiplomacy.org
Center for Cultural Diplomacy Studies (CCDS) www.ccds-berlin.de
PACIFIC OCEAN (Feb. 22, 2016) -- Sailors from the guided-missile destroyer USS William P. Lawrence (DDG 110) and Coast Guardsman assigned to the U.S. Coast Guard Tactical Law Enforcement Team South investigate a commercial fishing vessel. Providing a ready force supporting security and stability in the Indo-Asia Pacific, William P. Lawrence, commanded by Cmdr. Walter C. Mainor, is operating as part of the John C. Stennis Strike Group and Great Green Fleet on a regularly scheduled 7th Fleet deployment. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Emiline L. M. Senn/Released)
DRACULA 64 is a panchromatic negative high resolution film, coated onto a transparent polyester base providing excellent dimensional stability. Thickness of the polyester base: 0.10mm / 0.004”. Film has a high-efficiency protection layer on top of its emulsion to prevent scratching. Base substrate and back layer keep their anti-static properties, even after processing. The spectral sensitivity of Dracula35 is expanded into the near infrared range of the energy spectrum. Its spectral sensitivity to up to 750 nm.
Praia/Dakar, 16 May 2011 – A regional conference on « Elections and stability in West Africa » will take place from 18 to 20 May 2011 in Praia, Cape Verde.
This goal of this conference is to analyze the impact of electoral processes on the stability of West Africa and their implications on conflict prevention, democracy and peace consolidation.
Taking into account the fact that despite the significant progress observed in organizing peaceful and credible elections in Africa, electoral processes remain vulnerable social and political events during which tensions and sometimes violence occur, the regional conference intends to examine the main challenges to the political stability of electoral processes and to formulate a set of practical and innovative recommendations in order to assist the West African states, especially those where elections are scheduled to take place between 2011 and 2013.
The regional conference will provide an opportunity to evaluate the implementation of the ECOWAS Protocol on Democracy and good governance ten years after its adoption, and to analyze objectively recent elections held in West Africa. The conference will then consider critical issues such as the financing of elections, the functioning of the electoral commissions, the management of electoral disputes, the role of the media and of the security sector, human rights and gender issues as well as the support of the UN and of the international community as a whole to electoral processes.
Around one hundred participants from different backgrounds will participate in the conference, including high-level personalities and representatives of governments, electoral commissions, Constitutional Councils, security forces, media organizations, civil society and regional organizations.
The conference is organized under the aegis of the UN Office for West Africa (UNOWA), in partnership with with the Government of Cape Verde, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and with the support of the UN Department of Political Affairs and its Electoral Assistance Division, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Union (AU), the Organisation of the Francophonie (OIF) and the European Union (EU).
190719-N-JL568-2100 CORAL SEA (July 19, 2019) Operations Specialist 2nd Class Gilbert Hernandez, from San Bernardino, California, left, and Ensign Thomas Singley, from Morganton, North Carolina, are raised to the fo’c’sle during a simulated rescue swimmer exercise aboard the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS McCampbell (DDG 85). McCampbell, part of the Wasp Expeditionary Strike Group, with embarked 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, is currently participating in Talisman Sabre 2019 off the coast of Northern Australia. A bilateral, biennial event, Talisman Sabre is designed to improve U.S. and Australian combat training, readiness and interoperability through realistic, relevant training necessary to maintain regional security, peace and stability. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Isaac Maxwell)
Its too dark to hand hold so what the heck use the dog poop stand to hold the camera and don't worry about the tripod. And, at 15 below zero and a long walk, I'm too cold to hold still.
May 3, 2016: Over the last six months, risks to global financial stability have risen, according to the International Monetary Fund’s April 2016 Global Financial Stability Report. In advanced economies, the outlook has deteriorated because of heightened uncertainty and setbacks to growth and confidence. Disruptions to global asset markets have added to these pressures. Declines in oil and commodity prices have kept risks elevated in emerging markets, while greater uncertainty about China’s growth transition has increased spillovers to global markets. These developments tightened financial conditions, reduced risk appetite, and raised credit risks, weighing on financial stability. The situation in markets appears significantly improved, but is the turmoil of the past months now safely behind us, or is it a warning signal that more needs to be done to secure financial stability? The IMF’s April 2016 GFSR addresses this key question and many others.
Cultural Diplomacy, Soft Power, Multiculturalism, Interdependence, Mutual Understanding, Global Peace and Stability, Academic Exchange & Conflict Resolution
Institute for Cultural Diplomacy (ICD) www.culturaldiplomacy.org
Center for Cultural Diplomacy Studies (CCDS) www.ccds-berlin.de
The role of the United States in the Horn of Africa has clearly illustrated its desire for instability and sectarian division so that the imperialist regime, along with its allies, will be able to continue the exploitation of Africa's land, waterways and resources. The resistance of the Somali masses has not been defeated despite a US-sponsored Ethiopian invasion and the direct bombing by the United States military.
Some background:
The Messerschmitt Me 410 Hornisse (Hornet) is a heavy fighter and Schnellbomber ("Fast Bomber" in English) designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Messerschmitt. It was flown by the Luftwaffe during the latter half of the Second World War.
The Me 410’s origins are closely associated with the preceding Me 210. Development of this aircraft had been projected back in 1937 as a multi-purpose successor to the Bf 110, which had some identified shortcomings even prior to seeing combat service. Early on, confidence in the Me 210 had been high, to the extent that 1,000 aircraft were ordered off the drawing board; however, it would be a troubled program. Flight testing revealed poor longitudinal stability and despite modifications was considered unsatisfactory. While quantity production of the type proceeded, the Me 210 had a relatively high rate of accidents. This heavily contributed to production being halted on 14 April 1942; officials were keen to remedy the Me 210's problems and return it to production to minimize the economic loss incurred.
Various modifications to the design were explored, including the Me 310, a radical high-altitude derivative that incorporated a pressurized cockpit and more powerful engines.[9] This option was not favored by many officials, who sought a less ambitious remediation of the Me 210. It was this preference that led to the Me 410’s emergence, which was visually almost identical to the Me 210. The principal difference was the adoption of the larger (at 44.5 liters, 2,720 cu in displacement) and more powerful Daimler-Benz DB 603A engines. These engines each provided 1,750 metric horsepower (1,730 hp; 1,290 kW) compared to the 1,475 metric horsepower (1,455 hp; 1,085 kW) of the DB 605s used on the Me 210C. The extra power increased the Me 410's maximum speed to 625 kilometers per hour (388 mph), greatly improved rate of climb, service ceiling, and the cruising speed, the latter being raised to 579 km/h (360 mph).
The more powerful engines also improved payload capability to the point where the aircraft could lift a war-load greater than could fit into the bomb bay under the nose. Consequently, shackles were added under the wings for four 50-kilogram (110 lb) bombs. The changes added an extra 680 kg (1,500 lb) to the Me 210 design, but the extra engine power more than made up for the difference. As with the Me 210, the Me 410's rear gunner used the same pair of Ferngerichtete Drehringseitenlafette FDSL 131/1B turrets mounted on each side of the aircraft, each still armed with a 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 machine gun, retaining the same pivoting handgun-style grip, trigger and gunsight to aim and fire the ordnance as the Me 210 did.
The new version included a lengthened fuselage and new, automatic leading edge slats. Both features had been tested on Me 210s and were found to dramatically improve handling. The slats had originally been featured on the earliest Me 210 models but had been removed on production models due to poor handling. When entering a steep turn, the slats tended to open due to the high angle of attack, analogous to the slats’ opening during the landing approach, which added to the difficulty in keeping the aircraft flying smoothly. However, when the problems with general lateral instability were addressed, this was no longer a real problem. While the Me 410 came to be regarded as a relatively stable aircraft, it had a poorer rate of turn than the Bf 110 it was intended to replace.
The wing panels of the earlier Me 210 had been designed with a planform geometry that placed the aerodynamic center farther back compared with the earlier Bf 110, giving the outer sections of the wing planform beyond each engine nacelle a slightly greater, 12.6° leading edge sweepback angle than the inner panels' 6.0° leading edge sweep angle. This resulted in unsuitable handling characteristics in flight for the original Me 210 design. The new Me 410 outer wing panels had their planform geometry revised to bring the aerodynamic center farther forward in comparison with the Me 210, thus making the leading-edge sweepback of the outer panels identical to the inner wing panels with both having identical 5.5° sweepback angles, which improved handling.
During late 1942, six Me 210As were taken off the assembly line for conversion to Me 410 standards. Near the end of that year, the Me 410 V1 prototype performed its maiden flight. Shortly thereafter, the Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM) was suitably convinced by its performance to place a sizable production order for the Me 410. Deliveries of the Me 410 began in January 1943, two years late and continued until September 1944, by which point a total of 1,160 of all versions had been produced by Messerschmitt's facility in Augsburg and Dornier plant in München. When the Me 410 arrived, it was typically appreciated by its crews, even though its improved performance was not enough to protect it from the waves of high-performance Allied fighters that it routinely confronted at this stage of the conflict. There were various models produced to serve in distinct roles, including a light bomber, an aerial reconnaissance platform, a bomber destroyer and night fighters.
Among these the late Me 410 B-4 was the first and only dedicated version – earlier might fighters had been converted from existing Me 410 A machines and retrofitted with radar and extra armament. In contrast to this, the Me 410 B-4 had been re-designed with the new FuG 240 ‘Berlin’ radar. This device was an airborne interception radar system operating at the "lowest end" of the SHF radio band (at about 3.3 GHz/9.1 cm wavelength) and the first German radar to be based on the cavity magnetron, which eliminated the need for the large multiple dipole-based antenna arrays seen on earlier radars. Instead, a disk-shaped reflector antenna was used, which could be covered under an aerodynamic plywood hood, thereby greatly increasing the performance of the night fighters. The power output of the radar was 15 kW and was effective against bomber-sized targets at distances of up to 9 kilometers, or down to 0.5 kilometer, which eliminated the need for a second short-range radar system. The FuG 240 was introduced by Telefunken in April 1945 and immediately rushed into production.
On the Me 410 B-4 the static radar dish had a diameter of 70 cm and was mounted in a thimble-shaped wooden radome that occupied the area in front of the cockpit. This reduced the pilot’s field of view markedly (all windows under the windscreen were deleted), but since the aircraft was to be guided by the radar operator and not involved in ground attacks, this loss was regarded as acceptable. To aid the pilot in target identification and aiming a Spanner IV device, a passive infrared-sight, was added – it was mounted into the windshield. This lowered the field of sight even further but allowed the pilot to detect hot engine and exhaust areas at a range of up to 1.000 m, while the device supported weapon aiming at a range of about 600 m.
The Me 410’s bomb bay was re-purposed to house four 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon as primary armament; the doors were deleted but a single ventral hardpoint for an external load of 1.000 kg was added – either for a large 500 l drop tank to extend range or for additional guns in a pod, e. g. the so-called ‘Magirus bomb’, or ‘WB 151A’ weapons pod with two 20 mm MG 151/20 cannons and 150 rpg.
The rest of the armament was tailored to the night fighter mission profile, too: the heavy defensive FDSL 131 barbettes were deleted, and instead a staggered pair of MK 108 30 mm cannon with 100 rpg were installed behind the cockpit, firing upwards (‘Schräge Musik’), close to the aircraft’s center of gravity. It was planned to link these weapons to a SG 116 device, which would automatically trigger these through a photocell, reacting to the shadow of the target aircraft or its silhouette against the sky or coulds. This device turned out to be highly unreliable, though. The second crew member was now a dedicated radar operator who sat in the former observer/rear gunner’s position, but the seat was ‘reversed’ and now faced forward. The WSO had, beyond the bulky FuG 240’s display, a sight for the oblique guns so that these could also be triggered manually when the aircraft passed underneath its target.
Another dedicated night fighter modification of the Me 410 B-4 was its propulsion system. While the aircraft was still powered by the standard Daimler Benz DB 603A that provided up to 1,850 PS/1,360 kW, the night fighter was outfitted with handed reversible four blade propellers. The idea was to counter torque issues due to both propellers originally turning into the same direction, and the four blades were introduced to improve acceleration and especially decelration when the aircraft approached its relatively slow target at high speed and had to get into an effective and stable aiming position as quickly as possible. This also required handed engines, so that the Me 410 B-4's powerplants were designated DB 603A-1l/r to differentiate their working direction. Additionally, flame dampers were mounted as another standard night fighter measure to protect the crew from engine flares and hide the aircraft in the dark sky.
General characteristics:
Crew: two
Length: 12.75 m (41 ft 9 in)
Wingspan: 16.3513 m (53 ft 7.75 in)
Height: 4.280 m (14 ft 0.5 in)
Wing area: 36.2031 m2 (389.687 sq ft)
Airfoil: root: NACA 23018-636.5; tip: NACA 23010-636.5
Empty weight: 7,518 kg (16,574 lb)
Gross weight: 9,651 kg (21,276 lb)
Fuel capacity: 550 imp gal (660 US gal; 2,500 L) in four wing tanks
Powerplant:
2× Daimler-Benz DB 603A-1l/r V-12 inverted liquid-cooled piston engines, each providing:
- 1,290 kW (1,750 hp) for take-off
- 1,360 kW (1,850 PS) at 2,100 m (6,890 ft)
- 1,195 kW (1,625 PS) at 5,700 m (18,700 ft)
Driving handed 4-bladed VDM constant-speed propeller
Performance:
Maximum speed: 507 km/h (315 mph, 274 kn) at sea level,
624 km/h (388 mph; 337 kn) at 6,700 m (21,980 ft)
Cruise speed: 587 km/h (365 mph, 317 kn)
Range: 1,200 km (750 mi, 650 nmi) at maximum continuous cruise speed,
1,690 km (1,050 mi) at economical cruise speed
Ferry range: 2,300 km (1,400 mi, 1,200 nmi)
Service ceiling: 10,000 m (33,000 ft)
Time to altitude: 6,000 m (20,000 ft) in ten minutes and 42 seconds
Armament:
4× 20 mm (0.79 in) MG 151/20 cannon with 300 rpg in the lower fuselage, firing forward
2× 30 mm (0.79 in) MK 108 cannon with 100 rpg behind the cockpit (“Schräge Musik”),
oriented 65° above horizontal
Up to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of disposable external stores, including:
- 2x 300l + 1x 500l drop tanks
- 2x 250 kg or 4x 100kg or 4x 50 kg bombs
- 4× 21 cm (8.3 in) Werfer-Granate 21 rockets
The kit and its assembly:
Well, my Me 410 night fighter is certainly not the first one of its kind, but a personal interpretation of the subject with as much late-WWII hardware on board as possible, for a purposeful look and feel.
The basis of this build became the Italeri Me 410, mostly because it comes with “plugs” for the fuselage flanks where the original Me 410 carried its defensive gun barbettes – IMHO useless on a night fighter. The plugs are, however, quite useless, because they still have to be PSRed into the flanks so that they could be easily omitted anyway...
Another typical ingredient was a Quickboost FuG 240 thimble radome for the system's static dish antenna, originally intended for a Ju 88 G-6 night fighter but in this case mounted to the aircraft’s nose and PSRed into shape, too. The radome’s “flat” underside was also a plausible detail for an open field of fire for ventral guns in the former bomb bay – a conversion that had been done to many Me 410 heavy fighters with field modifications and cannon Rüstsätze.
The cockpit was insofar modified that the former gunner on the back seat now faced forward, and the workstation received some scratched devices like a radar screen and a tilted gun sight. The pilot received an IR sight, mounted through a hole that was drilled into the windscreen, and a separate bulletproof glass panel behind the windscreen. Since I did not want to open the already complex/fiddly three-part canopy I added two crew members.
The former machine gun barbettes were faired over, and instead two hollow steel needles were mounted behind the cockpit on sockets/bulges, plus a clear “sensor some” (all made from sprue material). Hollow steel needles were also used to simulate protruding gun barrels in the ventral cannon compartment and on the back. Under the wings a pair of OOB 300l drop tanks were added, a plausible payload, and to beef up the armament I scratched a Magirus-Bombe gun pod and mounted it on a central hardpoint from a Fw 190.
As an individual detail I lowered the aircraft's flaps, which was quite easy to do. The wing segments were simply cut out and semi-circular styrene profile used to create the hinges.
To make the Me 410 night fighter look a bit more purposeful I furthermore used flame dampers on the exhaust stubs; these were taken from an Italeri Me 110 night fighter, and this worked better then expected. I just had to modify one of the exhaust pipes due to the different position of the carburettor intakes on the Me 410. Furthermore I replaced the original three blade props with four blade alternatives (which had been tested on Me 410 V15 IIRC, but had not been adopted) from a FROG D.H. Hornet. Not a perfect match, because the spinners were slightly too big in diameter (could be trimmed down, though) and the props are handed, but that's only obvious at second glance.
Painting and markings:
I kept the livery conservative, and wanted to keep the aircraft relatively light overall, like a typical German late war night fighter. Therefore, the machine initially received an overall coat with RLM 76 (Humbrol 247), only with a few blurry fields and speckles with RLM 75 (Humbrol 246) on the wings’ upper surfaces and on the spine. Additionally, some mottling with mixed shades of RLM 76 and 75 were added, primarily to the fuselage, engine and fin flanks.
I initially considered additional mottles with lighter RLM 77 (RAL 7035, almost white) on the flanks and the upper surfaces, but when the two basic tones were applied I thought that this was already enough, so I kept the livery rather simple.
An unusual detail is a single black wing underside, though. This is/was not a camouflage measure, rather an identification marking for anti-aircraft artillery on the ground to avoid friendly fire. This was, just as in real life, done with water-soluble paint (acrylic tar black, Revell 06), so that the original light blue-grey paint would shine through here and there and the black paint would easily wear or flake off.
To achieve this effects and to blur the mottling the whole model received, after it had been painted, an overall treatment with fine wet sand paper. A similar method was used to simulate flaked paint on the wooden radome. After a light black ink washing some post-panel-shading was done, too.
The cockpit interior became very dark grey (RAL 7021, I used Revell 09 Anthracite) while the landing gear and its respective wells were painted in RLM 02 (Tamiya XF-22).
The decals were puzzled together from various sources. The code G9+F(red)N is plausible for an aircraft of the Nachtjagdgeschwader 1's 5th squadron. The unit emblem is fictional, though, the gauntlet motif came from an RAF Tornado. The black iron crosses were reduced to a minimum - except for the underwing markings, which were kept more complex even during the final war stages, and in the case of the black wing these markings also offer more contrast for a secure identification from below.
After some soot stains done with graphite around the exhausts and the gun muzzles the model was finally sealed with matt acrylic varnish and the wire antenna made from heated black sprue material was added.
190215-N-JL568-1068 EAST CHINA SEA (Feb. 15, 2019) - Sailors inspect the integrity of an engineering space aboard the Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Stethem (DDG 63) during a general quarters drill. Stethem is forward-deployed to the U.S. 7th Fleet area of operations in support of security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Isaac Maxwell/Released)
Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)* modulates power and brakes to help maintain the intended course.
*Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) is an electronic system to help the driver maintain control under adverse conditions. It is not a substitute for safe driving practices. Visit www.MazdaUSA.com for further details.
Launch of the Fine Gael Stability Treaty Facebook App at Fine Gael HQ - 2 May 2012 - The application allows people to send questions to Fine Gael about the Stability Treaty.
Greater protections for workers, job security, labour rights and stability for employers are the focus of amendments to the Labour Relations Code.
Learn more: news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2019LBR0015-000823
Kut, Iraq, 28th July 2019 – At a three-day workshop from 25th to 27th July 2019, in the city of Kut in Wasit Governorate, a group of 27 young Iraqi women and men from across the Governorate discussed how youth can play a role in addressing the challenges facing their communities. This was the sixth in a series of workshops under the theme “Iraqi Youth: Pioneers for Dialogue and Stability”, which are taking place across Iraq throughout 2019, organised by the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), in cooperation with the Committee for Coexistence and Societal Peace in the Prime Minister’s Office and the Iraqi Al-Amal Association.
During the workshop, the group discussed a number of challenges identified as important by youth in Wasit. These included social cohesion and peaceful coexistence; youth unemployment and job opportunities; women’s empowerment and protection of vulnerable women; improvement of health services in the Governorate; and strengthening the social responsibility and accountability of oil companies operating in Wasit.
On the third and final day, an interactive session was held with the representative of the Governor of Wasit and a number of local politicians, in which the issues identified by the youth were discussed.
Mr. Khalid Elsawi, from the Office of Political Affairs, speaking on behalf of UNAMI, emphasized the key role of youth in building a peaceful and sustainable future Iraq, which will meet the aspirations of all its people. This cannot be done without the political, social and economic participation of young people.
The activity is in line with UNAMI’s mandate to support youth and their valuable contributions to Iraqi public life.
Similar workshops were recently organised in Basra, Karbala, Babil, Anbar and Najaf.
Photos by UNAMI OPA.
Osama Gharizi, USIP (top left); Mike Yaffe, USIP (top center); Sarhang Hamasaeed, USIP (top right); Negina Sawez, State Department Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (bottom left); Adad Youssef, Board of Directors, Alliance of Iraqi Minorities (bottom right)
Join USIP for a discussion on the latest findings from USIP’s Iraq Conflict and Stabilization Monitoring Framework, which collects data directly from conflict-affected communities across Nineveh province. The conversation will shed light on the current reality of Iraq’s ethnic and religious minorities, as well as the challenges to their safe and sustainable return, signs of progress and the implications of Iraq’s upcoming national elections in October. This event will be livestreamed in English and Arabic.
For more information about this event, please visit: www.usip.org/events/iraqi-minorities-views-possibilities-...
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Cultural Diplomacy, Soft Power, Multiculturalism, Interdependence, Mutual Understanding, Global Peace and Stability, Academic Exchange & Conflict Resolution
Institute for Cultural Diplomacy (ICD) www.culturaldiplomacy.org
Center for Cultural Diplomacy Studies (CCDS) www.ccds-berlin.de
Cultural Diplomacy, Soft Power, Multiculturalism, Interdependence, Mutual Understanding, Global Peace and Stability, Academic Exchange & Conflict Resolution
Institute for Cultural Diplomacy (ICD) www.culturaldiplomacy.org
Center for Cultural Diplomacy Studies (CCDS) www.ccds-berlin.de
IVLP participants of “Entrepreneurship as the Engine of Prosperity and Stability" hear from Honest Tea CEO and co-founder Seth Goldman.
Journalists attend the Global Financial Stability Report Press Conference April 13, 2011 at the IMF Headquarters in Washington, DC. IMF Photograph/Stephen Jaffe
Cultural Diplomacy, Soft Power, Multiculturalism, Interdependence, Mutual Understanding, Global Peace and Stability, Academic Exchange & Conflict Resolution
Institute for Cultural Diplomacy (ICD) www.culturaldiplomacy.org
Center for Cultural Diplomacy Studies (CCDS) www.ccds-berlin.de