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The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, also known as the "Toy Train", is a 610 mm narrow gauge railway that runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in the Indian state of West Bengal, India. Built between 1879 and 1881, the railway is about 78 kilometres long. Its elevation level varies from about 100 metres at New Jalpaiguri to about 2,200 metres at Darjeeling. Four modern diesel locomotives handle most of the scheduled services; however the daily Kurseong-Darjeeling return service and the daily tourist trains from Darjeeling to Ghum (India's highest railway station) are handled by the vintage British-built B Class steam locomotives. The railway, along with the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the Kalka-Shimla Railway, is listed as the Mountain Railways of India World Heritage Site. The headquarters of the railway is in the town of Kurseong. Operations between Siliguri and Kurseong have been temporarily suspended since 2010 following a Landslide at Tindharia.
HISTORY
A broad gauge railway connected Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Siliguri in 1878. Siliguri, at the base of the Himalayas, was connected to Darjeeling by a cart road (the present day Hill Cart Road) on which "Tonga services" (carriage services) were available. Franklin Prestage, an agent of Eastern Bengal Railway Company approached the government with a proposal of laying a steam tramway from Siliguri to Darjeeling. The proposal was accepted in 1879 following the positive report of a committee formed by Sir Ashley Eden, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. Construction started the same year.
Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co. constructed the railway. The stretch from Siliguri to Kurseong was opened on 23 August 1880, while the official opening of the line up to Darjeeling was on 4 July 1881. Several engineering adjustments were made later in order to ease the gradient of the rails. Despite natural calamities, such as an earthquake in 1897 and a major cyclone in 1899, the DHR continued to improve with new extension lines being built in response to growing passenger and freight traffic. However, the DHR started to face competition from bus services that started operating over the Hill Cart Road, offering a shorter journey time. During World War II, the DHR played a vital role transporting military personnel and supplies to the numerous camps around Ghum and Darjeeling.
After the independence of India, the DHR was absorbed into Indian Railways and became a part of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone in 1958. In 1962, the line was realigned at Siliguri and extended by nearly 6 km to New Jalpaiguri (NJP) to meet the new broad gauge line there. DHR remained closed for 18 months during the hostile period of Gorkhaland Movement in 1988-89.
The line closed in 2011 due to a 6.8 Magnitude earthquake. The line is currently loss-making and in 2015, Rajah Banerjee, a local tea estate owner, has called for privatisation to encourage investment, which was fiercely resisted by unions.
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
DHR was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1999, only the second railway to have this honour bestowed upon it, the first one being Semmering Railway of Austria in 1998. To be nominated as World Heritage site on the World Heritage List, the particular site or property needs to fulfill a certain set of criteria, which are expressed in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and its corresponding Operational Guidelines. The site must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria. The protection, management, authenticity and integrity of properties are also important considerations.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
The DHR is justified by the following criteria:
Criterion II - The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is an outstanding example of the influence of an innovative transportation system on the social and economic development of a multi-cultural region, which was to serve as a model for similar developments in many parts of the world.
Criterion IV - The development of railways in the 19th century had a profound influence on social and economic developments in many parts of the world. This process is illustrated in an exceptional and seminal fashion by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY
Since 1881, the original route has been retained in a remarkable condition. Only minimal interventions of an evolutionary nature, such as the reduction of loops, have been carried out. Most of the original steam locomotives are still in use. Like Tea and the Ghurka culture, the DHR has become not only an essential feature of the landscape but also an enduring part of the identity of Darjeeling.
MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL STATUS
The DHR and all its movable and immovable assets, including the authentic railway stations, the line, and the track vehicles, belong to the Government of India entrusted to the Ministry of Railways. The Northeast Frontier Railway documented all the elements of the DHR in a comprehensive register. Apart from that, it handles the day-to-day maintenance and management. But moreover, several programs, divisions and departments of the Indian Railways are responsible for operating, maintaining and repairing the DHR. This includes technical as well as non-technical work. In principle, the only two legal protection mechanisms that apply to the conservation of the DHR are the provisions of the 1989 Railway Act and that it is a public property which is state-owned and therefore protected.
THE ROUTE
The railway line basically follows the Hill Cart Road which is partially the same as National Highway 55. Usually, the track is simply on the road side. In case of landslides both track and road might be affected. As long parts of the road are flanked with buildings, the railway line often rather resembles urban tramway tracks than an overland line.
To warn residents and car drivers about the approaching train, engines are equipped with very loud horns that even drown horns of Indian trucks and buses. Trains honk almost without pause.
Loops and Z-Reverses (or "zig-zag"s)
One of the main difficulties faced by the DHR was the steepness of the climb. Features called loops and Z-Reverses were designed as an integral part of the system at different points along the route to achieve a comfortable gradient for the stretches in between them. When the train moves forwards, reverses and then moves forward again, climbing a slope each time while doing so, it gains height along the side of the hill.
STATIONS
NEW JALPAIGURI JUNCTION (NJP)
New Jalpaiguri is the railway station which was extended to the south in 1964 to meet the new broad gauge to Assam. Where the two met, New Jalpaiguri was created.
SILIGURI TOWN STATION
Siliguri Town was original southern terminus of the line.
SIIGURI JUNCTION
Siliguri Junction became a major station only when a new metre-gauge line was built to Assam in the early 1950s
SUKNA STATION
This station marks the change in the landscape from the flat plains to the wooded lower slopes of the mountains. The gradient of the railway changes dramatically.
LOOP 1 (now removed)
Loop No.1 was in the woods above Sukna. It was removed after flood damage in 1991. The site is now lost in the forest.
RANGTONG STATION
A short distance above Rangtong there is a water tank. This was a better position for the tank than in the station, both in terms of water supply and distance between other water tanks.
LOOP 2 (now removed)
When Loop 2 was removed in 1942, again following flood damage, a new reverse, No.1, was added, creating the longest reverse run.
REVERSE 1
LOOP 3
Loop No.3 is at Chunbatti. This is now the lowest loop.
REVERSE 2 & 3
Reverses No.2 & 3 are between Chunbatti and Tindharia.
TINDHARIA STATION
This is a major station on the line as below the station is the workshops. There is also an office for the engineers and a large locomotive shed, all on a separate site.
Immediately above the station are three sidings; these were used to inspect the carriage while the locomotive was changed, before the train continued towards Darjeeling.
LOOP 4
Agony Point is the name given to loop No.4. It comes from the shape of the loop which comes to an apex which is the tightest curve on the line.
GAYABARI
REVERSE 6
Reverse No.6 is the last reverse on the climb.
MAHANADI STATION
KURSEONG STATION
There is a shed here and a few sidings adjacent to the main line, but the station proper is a dead end. Up trains must reverse out of the station (across a busy road junction) before they can continue on their climb. It is said that the station was built this way so that the train could enter a secure yard and stay there while the passengers left the train for refreshments.
Above Kurseong station, the railway runs through the bazaar. Trains skirt the front of shops and market stalls on this busy stretch of road.
SONADA STATION
Sonada is a small station which serves town of sonada on Darjeeling Himalayan railway. It is on Siliguri - Darjeeling national highway (NH 55).
JOREBUNGALOW STATION
This is a small location near Darjeeling and a railway station on Darjeeling Himalayan railway. Jorebungalow was store point for tea to Calcutta. This is a strategical place to connect Darjeeling to rest of the country.
GHUM STATION
Ghum, summit of the line and highest station in India. Now includes a museum on the first floor of the station building with larger exhibits in the old goods yard. Once this was the railway station at highest altitude overall and is the highest altitude station for narrow gauge railway.
BATASIA LOOP
The loop is 5 kilometres from Darjeeling, below Ghum. There is also a memorial to the Gorkha soldiers of the Indian Army who sacrificed their lives after the Indian Independence in 1947. From the Batasia Loop one can get a panoramic view of Darjeeling town with the Kanchenjunga and other snowy mountains in the back-drop.
DARJEELING STATION
The farthest reach of the line was to Darjeeling Bazaar, a goods-only line and now lost under the road surface and small buildings.
LOCOMOTIVES
CURRENT
STEAM
All the steam locomotives currently in use on the railway are of the "B" Class, a design built by Sharp, Stewart and Company and later the North British Locomotive Company, between 1889 and 1925. A total of 34 were built, but by 2005 only 12 remained on the railway and in use (or under repair).
In 2002, No. 787 was rebuilt with oil firing. This was originally installed to work on the same principle as that used on Nilgiri Mountain Railway No.37395. A diesel-powered generator was fitted to operate the oil burner and an electrically-driven feed pump, and a diesel-powered compressor was fitted to power the braking system. Additionally, the locomotive was fitted with a feedwater heater. The overall result was a dramatic change in the appearance of the locomotive. However, the trials of the locomotive were disappointing and it never entered regular service. In early 2011, it was in Tindharia Works awaiting reconversion to coal-firing.
In March 2001, No.794 was transferred to the Matheran Hill Railway to allow a "Joy Train" (steam-hauled tourist train) to be operated on that railway. It did not, however, enter service there until May 2002.
DIESEL
Four diesel locomotives are in use: Nos. 601-2, 604 and 605 of the NDM6 class transferred from the Matheran Hill Railway.
PAST
In 1910 the railway purchased the third Garratt locomotive built, a D Class 0-4-0+0-4-0.
Only one DHR steam locomotive has been taken out of India, No.778 (originally No.19). After many years out of use at the Hesston Steam Railway, it was sold to an enthusiast in the UK and restored to working order. It is now based on a private railway (The Beeches Light Railway) in Oxfordshire but has run on the Ffestiniog Railway, the Launceston Steam Railway and the Leighton Buzzard Light Railway.
IN POPULAR CULTURE
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway has long been viewed with affection and enthusiasm by travellers to the region and the Earl of Ronaldshay gave the following description of a journey in the early 1920s:
"Siliguri is palpably a place of meeting . . The discovery that here the metre gauge system ends and the two foot gauge of the Darjeeling-Himalayan railway begins, confirms what all these things hint at... One steps into a railway carriage which might easily be mistaken for a toy, and the whimsical idea seizes hold of one that one has accidentally stumbled into Lilliput. With a noisy fuss out of all proportion to its size the engine gives a jerk - and starts... No special mechanical device such as a rack is employed - unless, indeed, one can so describe the squat and stolid hill-man who sits perched over the forward buffers of the engine and scatters sand on the rails when the wheels of the engine lose their grip of the metals and race, with the noise of a giant spring running down when the control has been removed.
Sometimes we cross our own track after completing the circuit of a cone, at others we zigzag backwards and forwards; but always we climb at a steady gradient - so steady that if one embarks in a trolley at Ghum, the highest point on the line, the initial push supplies all the energy necessary to carry one to the bottom."
The trip up to Darjeeling on railway has changed little since that time, and continues to delight travellers and rail enthusiasts, so much so that it has its own preservation and support group, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society.
Several films have portrayed the railway. Especially popular was the song Mere sapno ki rani from the film Aradhana where the protagonist Rajesh Khanna tries to woo heroine Sharmila Tagore who was riding in the train. Other notable films include Barfi!, Parineeta and Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman. The Darjeeling Limited, a film directed by Wes Anderson, features a trip by three brothers on a fictional long-distance train based very loosely on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
TELEVISION
The BBC made a series of three documentaries dealing with Indian Hill Railways, shown in February 2010. The first film covers the Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway, the second the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the third the Kalka-Shimla Railway. The films were directed by Tarun Bhartiya, Hugo Smith and Nick Mattingly and produced by Gerry Troyna. The series won the UK Royal Television Society Award in June 2010. Wes Anderson's film The Darjeeling Limited also showcases three brothers riding the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
WIKIPEDIA
Driving to Minneapolis October 1973
Once upon a time when I had scheduled a Graduate Records Exam in Cedar Falls for October 27, hoping to go to graduate school, I decided to chuck it all and go to California again.
I packed a huge back pack, even had a sleeping bag if I remember and set off hitch hiking. Rides were bad. As far as the weather It was still like late summer and rides should have been good but no. One of my regulars in Cedar Rapids, I hitch hiked so often between Waterloo and Iowa City that I actually had a few regular drivers who would pick me up if they saw me, took me to the interstate but their luck really ran out and it was after dark before I arrived in Iowa City. I almost always found a place to stay but still no luck no one would have me, though a woman on South Clinton who was still renting a room which I had found a year before allowed me to leave my bag there while I hitched back to Waterloo. More bad luck and I found myself going to Des Moines just to be moving. Well perhaps I didn’t need all that stuff; I would just go to California with the clothes on my back. No that didn’t happen. I got stuck in Des Moines. No place to stay. I couldn’t find anywhere that would shelter me so walked into the campus of Drake University so sleep in a lounge as I had done at times in Iowa City security found me and requested my absence. While complying met a student who was friendly but wouldn’t take me to his room. He told me about all the LSD he was taking. He would set his alarm clock for a half hour before he was to rise so he could take a tab, then go back to sleep so that when he awoke, he would be tripping and ready for attending his classes.
It was now after midnight and I put the thumb out trying to get back on the Interstate to return to Iowa City by morning, but then here came a man a dog a bottle of booze in a black Cadillac coup de Ville. The man wore a tuxedo, the dog wore a collar, and the bottle of booze wore a brown paper bag. The Cadillac might have been nude, can one really tell with an automobile? The driver told me he was a concert pianist and that he had been at school with the man who was now the Catholic Bishop of Minneapolis. He was from Missouri and his wife had just died there. Her children took everything she owned even their little dog, Charlie. After the funeral my driver had scooped Charlie up and taken off in his car for Minneapolis to stay with another friend, a brain surgeon. He said he would let me out at the interstate. But his conversation (between drinks) was so interesting to me, that at the interstate I said I would stay on to Ames, at Ames I could take Highway 30 and from there return to Cedar Rapids and Iowa City. Shortly we were outside of Ames and my driver said he could go no further so I took the wheel to drive on to Highway 20 where I could get out and return to Waterloo, but I ended by driving him to Minneapolis. Now at this time I did not have a license, had never been license and didn’t even have a learner’s permit but the car had a stick shift and the traffic was light so if there was a problem. I didn’t see it.
By morning we were in Minneapolis driving north and farther north to the home of the brain surgeon, who was living with his girlfriend in a rundown trailer court. No one was home when we found the trailer. So, we turned south perhaps to see the bishop. That would have been a good one. But my benefactor grew so tired that he only wanted to sleep. He instructed me to stop in a factory (it appeared abandoned) parking lot at a place he called Sheep’s Head Hill. A place important to his youth.
I locked him and Charlie in his car so no one could get at them and left, walking across the street to put out my thumb. A young folk singer with a guitar gave me a ride, the first of several which got me out of town where a man who could have been the original model for Uncle Fester picked me up in his blue Chrysler New Yorker. Its interior was a rather unnatural tone of blue and had a hand hold formed into its’ dashboard on the passenger’s side. This hand grip was occupied by a nude Barbie Doll. The floor was covered in porn magazines. This driver was very friendly and full of advice, he and his father had made a million and lost a million and gone cross the nation by boxcar. He told me that I should get newspapers to wrap around myself under my clothes to stay warm, a technique he had learnt on the trains.
After Uncle Fester dropped me off a young man who couldn’t go through Faribault, because the cops there were still looking for him as he had eluded them a year ago in a high-speed chase, took us on a long round about to avoid that town, to let me out again south. All I remember of that was farmland and then standing on highway 69 waiting for another stranger. He was an air force serviceman in a camper who gave me caffeine tablets (I hadn’t even heard of them) before stopping in Blairsburg for lunch, I bought a malted milk, the first food since starting from Waterloo. He left me there to continue his way south and I began hitching west by accident but after the first ride crossed the road where a corn salesman who gave me a paper clip, a yellow and green corn paperclip took me on pass the north terminus of the Interstate to Williams. At the gas station there, a young farmer and his wife and their child took me to Iowa Falls. They were playing a rolling stones tape all the way to, livable, happy, Iowa Falls (if only it were as free as Iowa City) where there was a five-block ride from Washington St/highway 20 and highway 65 at Rocksylvaina Avenue and a long wait and me so tired, and two school girls from the elementary grades who walked by eating milk duds and spontaneously gave me some of, a handful because they thought I needed them. Two hippies drove by, I cursed them for not stopping, I shouldn’t have, a semi was fast behind them and they came back for me. But they had a reason, they were an advance man for a band and a member of that band and they wanted a native guide to Cedar Falls. They had very bad dope. They took me to cedar Falls asking me about venues, about which I knew nothing as they drove to the Annex, a bar or club, downtown from where I either hitched or walked to Greg and Pepper’s attic apartment on Seerley Boulevard, a block away from the university campus where I had been scheduled to take the Graduate Record Examination the next day. I slept on their floor and in the morning decided to take advantages of fate so took the Graduate Exam that I had decided to forgo for California and did very well, very well indeed.
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Our disputes become inconsequential
When Deaths' fingertips
Have brushed across your fingertips
As it looked Into your eyes with love
Then turned away - for now...
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Pigeon Holes are for Pigeons.
A nice thing about autobiography is that you get to strip away all the labels other persons slap onto you.
Sometimes a boy gets to feeling like something from a mummy movie...walking along all covered in labels your eyes the only thing that shows. Worst part is when they try to put them on over your eyes.
March Schedule 2021
The big news in our March schedule 2021 update is the new application form on our JOBS page, allowing for easier applications.
#Applications #Employment #Interviews #PhotoPost #VideoPost #VlogPost
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, also known as the "Toy Train", is a 610 mm narrow gauge railway that runs between New Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling in the Indian state of West Bengal, India. Built between 1879 and 1881, the railway is about 78 kilometres long. Its elevation level varies from about 100 metres at New Jalpaiguri to about 2,200 metres at Darjeeling. Four modern diesel locomotives handle most of the scheduled services; however the daily Kurseong-Darjeeling return service and the daily tourist trains from Darjeeling to Ghum (India's highest railway station) are handled by the vintage British-built B Class steam locomotives. The railway, along with the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the Kalka-Shimla Railway, is listed as the Mountain Railways of India World Heritage Site. The headquarters of the railway is in the town of Kurseong. Operations between Siliguri and Kurseong have been temporarily suspended since 2010 following a Landslide at Tindharia.
HISTORY
A broad gauge railway connected Calcutta (now Kolkata) and Siliguri in 1878. Siliguri, at the base of the Himalayas, was connected to Darjeeling by a cart road (the present day Hill Cart Road) on which "Tonga services" (carriage services) were available. Franklin Prestage, an agent of Eastern Bengal Railway Company approached the government with a proposal of laying a steam tramway from Siliguri to Darjeeling. The proposal was accepted in 1879 following the positive report of a committee formed by Sir Ashley Eden, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. Construction started the same year.
Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co. constructed the railway. The stretch from Siliguri to Kurseong was opened on 23 August 1880, while the official opening of the line up to Darjeeling was on 4 July 1881. Several engineering adjustments were made later in order to ease the gradient of the rails. Despite natural calamities, such as an earthquake in 1897 and a major cyclone in 1899, the DHR continued to improve with new extension lines being built in response to growing passenger and freight traffic. However, the DHR started to face competition from bus services that started operating over the Hill Cart Road, offering a shorter journey time. During World War II, the DHR played a vital role transporting military personnel and supplies to the numerous camps around Ghum and Darjeeling.
After the independence of India, the DHR was absorbed into Indian Railways and became a part of the Northeast Frontier Railway zone in 1958. In 1962, the line was realigned at Siliguri and extended by nearly 6 km to New Jalpaiguri (NJP) to meet the new broad gauge line there. DHR remained closed for 18 months during the hostile period of Gorkhaland Movement in 1988-89.
The line closed in 2011 due to a 6.8 Magnitude earthquake. The line is currently loss-making and in 2015, Rajah Banerjee, a local tea estate owner, has called for privatisation to encourage investment, which was fiercely resisted by unions.
WORLD HERITAGE SITE
DHR was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1999, only the second railway to have this honour bestowed upon it, the first one being Semmering Railway of Austria in 1998. To be nominated as World Heritage site on the World Heritage List, the particular site or property needs to fulfill a certain set of criteria, which are expressed in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and its corresponding Operational Guidelines. The site must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria. The protection, management, authenticity and integrity of properties are also important considerations.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
The DHR is justified by the following criteria:
Criterion II - The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is an outstanding example of the influence of an innovative transportation system on the social and economic development of a multi-cultural region, which was to serve as a model for similar developments in many parts of the world.
Criterion IV - The development of railways in the 19th century had a profound influence on social and economic developments in many parts of the world. This process is illustrated in an exceptional and seminal fashion by the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY
Since 1881, the original route has been retained in a remarkable condition. Only minimal interventions of an evolutionary nature, such as the reduction of loops, have been carried out. Most of the original steam locomotives are still in use. Like Tea and the Ghurka culture, the DHR has become not only an essential feature of the landscape but also an enduring part of the identity of Darjeeling.
MANAGEMENT AND LEGAL STATUS
The DHR and all its movable and immovable assets, including the authentic railway stations, the line, and the track vehicles, belong to the Government of India entrusted to the Ministry of Railways. The Northeast Frontier Railway documented all the elements of the DHR in a comprehensive register. Apart from that, it handles the day-to-day maintenance and management. But moreover, several programs, divisions and departments of the Indian Railways are responsible for operating, maintaining and repairing the DHR. This includes technical as well as non-technical work. In principle, the only two legal protection mechanisms that apply to the conservation of the DHR are the provisions of the 1989 Railway Act and that it is a public property which is state-owned and therefore protected.
THE ROUTE
The railway line basically follows the Hill Cart Road which is partially the same as National Highway 55. Usually, the track is simply on the road side. In case of landslides both track and road might be affected. As long parts of the road are flanked with buildings, the railway line often rather resembles urban tramway tracks than an overland line.
To warn residents and car drivers about the approaching train, engines are equipped with very loud horns that even drown horns of Indian trucks and buses. Trains honk almost without pause.
Loops and Z-Reverses (or "zig-zag"s)
One of the main difficulties faced by the DHR was the steepness of the climb. Features called loops and Z-Reverses were designed as an integral part of the system at different points along the route to achieve a comfortable gradient for the stretches in between them. When the train moves forwards, reverses and then moves forward again, climbing a slope each time while doing so, it gains height along the side of the hill.
STATIONS
NEW JALPAIGURI JUNCTION (NJP)
New Jalpaiguri is the railway station which was extended to the south in 1964 to meet the new broad gauge to Assam. Where the two met, New Jalpaiguri was created.
SILIGURI TOWN STATION
Siliguri Town was original southern terminus of the line.
SIIGURI JUNCTION
Siliguri Junction became a major station only when a new metre-gauge line was built to Assam in the early 1950s
SUKNA STATION
This station marks the change in the landscape from the flat plains to the wooded lower slopes of the mountains. The gradient of the railway changes dramatically.
LOOP 1 (now removed)
Loop No.1 was in the woods above Sukna. It was removed after flood damage in 1991. The site is now lost in the forest.
RANGTONG STATION
A short distance above Rangtong there is a water tank. This was a better position for the tank than in the station, both in terms of water supply and distance between other water tanks.
LOOP 2 (now removed)
When Loop 2 was removed in 1942, again following flood damage, a new reverse, No.1, was added, creating the longest reverse run.
REVERSE 1
LOOP 3
Loop No.3 is at Chunbatti. This is now the lowest loop.
REVERSE 2 & 3
Reverses No.2 & 3 are between Chunbatti and Tindharia.
TINDHARIA STATION
This is a major station on the line as below the station is the workshops. There is also an office for the engineers and a large locomotive shed, all on a separate site.
Immediately above the station are three sidings; these were used to inspect the carriage while the locomotive was changed, before the train continued towards Darjeeling.
LOOP 4
Agony Point is the name given to loop No.4. It comes from the shape of the loop which comes to an apex which is the tightest curve on the line.
GAYABARI
REVERSE 6
Reverse No.6 is the last reverse on the climb.
MAHANADI STATION
KURSEONG STATION
There is a shed here and a few sidings adjacent to the main line, but the station proper is a dead end. Up trains must reverse out of the station (across a busy road junction) before they can continue on their climb. It is said that the station was built this way so that the train could enter a secure yard and stay there while the passengers left the train for refreshments.
Above Kurseong station, the railway runs through the bazaar. Trains skirt the front of shops and market stalls on this busy stretch of road.
SONADA STATION
Sonada is a small station which serves town of sonada on Darjeeling Himalayan railway. It is on Siliguri - Darjeeling national highway (NH 55).
JOREBUNGALOW STATION
This is a small location near Darjeeling and a railway station on Darjeeling Himalayan railway. Jorebungalow was store point for tea to Calcutta. This is a strategical place to connect Darjeeling to rest of the country.
GHUM STATION
Ghum, summit of the line and highest station in India. Now includes a museum on the first floor of the station building with larger exhibits in the old goods yard. Once this was the railway station at highest altitude overall and is the highest altitude station for narrow gauge railway.
BATASIA LOOP
The loop is 5 kilometres from Darjeeling, below Ghum. There is also a memorial to the Gorkha soldiers of the Indian Army who sacrificed their lives after the Indian Independence in 1947. From the Batasia Loop one can get a panoramic view of Darjeeling town with the Kanchenjunga and other snowy mountains in the back-drop.
DARJEELING STATION
The farthest reach of the line was to Darjeeling Bazaar, a goods-only line and now lost under the road surface and small buildings.
LOCOMOTIVES
CURRENT
STEAM
All the steam locomotives currently in use on the railway are of the "B" Class, a design built by Sharp, Stewart and Company and later the North British Locomotive Company, between 1889 and 1925. A total of 34 were built, but by 2005 only 12 remained on the railway and in use (or under repair).
In 2002, No. 787 was rebuilt with oil firing. This was originally installed to work on the same principle as that used on Nilgiri Mountain Railway No.37395. A diesel-powered generator was fitted to operate the oil burner and an electrically-driven feed pump, and a diesel-powered compressor was fitted to power the braking system. Additionally, the locomotive was fitted with a feedwater heater. The overall result was a dramatic change in the appearance of the locomotive. However, the trials of the locomotive were disappointing and it never entered regular service. In early 2011, it was in Tindharia Works awaiting reconversion to coal-firing.
In March 2001, No.794 was transferred to the Matheran Hill Railway to allow a "Joy Train" (steam-hauled tourist train) to be operated on that railway. It did not, however, enter service there until May 2002.
DIESEL
Four diesel locomotives are in use: Nos. 601-2, 604 and 605 of the NDM6 class transferred from the Matheran Hill Railway.
PAST
In 1910 the railway purchased the third Garratt locomotive built, a D Class 0-4-0+0-4-0.
Only one DHR steam locomotive has been taken out of India, No.778 (originally No.19). After many years out of use at the Hesston Steam Railway, it was sold to an enthusiast in the UK and restored to working order. It is now based on a private railway (The Beeches Light Railway) in Oxfordshire but has run on the Ffestiniog Railway, the Launceston Steam Railway and the Leighton Buzzard Light Railway.
IN POPULAR CULTURE
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway has long been viewed with affection and enthusiasm by travellers to the region and the Earl of Ronaldshay gave the following description of a journey in the early 1920s:
"Siliguri is palpably a place of meeting . . The discovery that here the metre gauge system ends and the two foot gauge of the Darjeeling-Himalayan railway begins, confirms what all these things hint at... One steps into a railway carriage which might easily be mistaken for a toy, and the whimsical idea seizes hold of one that one has accidentally stumbled into Lilliput. With a noisy fuss out of all proportion to its size the engine gives a jerk - and starts... No special mechanical device such as a rack is employed - unless, indeed, one can so describe the squat and stolid hill-man who sits perched over the forward buffers of the engine and scatters sand on the rails when the wheels of the engine lose their grip of the metals and race, with the noise of a giant spring running down when the control has been removed.
Sometimes we cross our own track after completing the circuit of a cone, at others we zigzag backwards and forwards; but always we climb at a steady gradient - so steady that if one embarks in a trolley at Ghum, the highest point on the line, the initial push supplies all the energy necessary to carry one to the bottom."
The trip up to Darjeeling on railway has changed little since that time, and continues to delight travellers and rail enthusiasts, so much so that it has its own preservation and support group, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society.
Several films have portrayed the railway. Especially popular was the song Mere sapno ki rani from the film Aradhana where the protagonist Rajesh Khanna tries to woo heroine Sharmila Tagore who was riding in the train. Other notable films include Barfi!, Parineeta and Raju Ban Gaya Gentleman. The Darjeeling Limited, a film directed by Wes Anderson, features a trip by three brothers on a fictional long-distance train based very loosely on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
TELEVISION
The BBC made a series of three documentaries dealing with Indian Hill Railways, shown in February 2010. The first film covers the Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway, the second the Nilgiri Mountain Railway and the third the Kalka-Shimla Railway. The films were directed by Tarun Bhartiya, Hugo Smith and Nick Mattingly and produced by Gerry Troyna. The series won the UK Royal Television Society Award in June 2010. Wes Anderson's film The Darjeeling Limited also showcases three brothers riding the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.
WIKIPEDIA
Scheduling board at Los Angeles Union Station. The #14 Coast Starlight was our connection northbound.
A visit to Beaumaris Castle on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. Our 2nd visit in around 20 years.
Within the Inner Wall of Beaumaris Castle.
Beaumaris Castle (Welsh: Castell Biwmares), located in the town of the same name on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, was built as part of Edward I's campaign to conquer the north of Wales after 1282. Plans were probably first made to construct the castle in 1284, but this was delayed due to lack of funds and work only began in 1295 following the Madog ap Llywelyn uprising. A substantial workforce was employed in the initial years under the direction of James of St George. Edward's invasion of Scotland soon diverted funding from the project, however, and work stopped, only recommencing after an invasion scare in 1306. When work finally ceased around 1330 a total of £15,000 had been spent, a huge sum for the period, but the castle remained incomplete.
Beaumaris Castle was taken by Welsh forces in 1403 during the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr, but was recaptured by royal forces in 1405. Following the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, the castle was held by forces loyal to Charles I, holding out until 1646 when it surrendered to the Parliamentary armies. Despite forming part of a local royalist rebellion in 1648 the castle escaped slighting and was garrisoned by Parliament, but fell into ruin around 1660, eventually forming part of a local stately home and park in the 19th century. In the 21st century the ruined castle is managed by Cadw as a tourist attraction.
Historian Arnold Taylor described Beaumaris Castle as Britain's "most perfect example of symmetrical concentric planning". The fortification is built of local stone, with a moated outer ward guarded by twelve towers and two gatehouses, overlooked by an inner ward with two large, D-shaped gatehouses and six massive towers. The inner ward was designed to contain ranges of domestic buildings and accommodation able to support two major households. The south gate could be reached by ship, allowing the castle to be directly supplied by sea. UNESCO considers Beaumaris to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage site.
Grade I listed building
History
Beaumaris Castle was begun in 1295, the last of the castles built by Edward I to create a defensive ring around the N Wales coast from Aberystwyth to Flint. The master mason was probably James of St George, master of the king's works in Wales, who had already worked on many of Edward's castles, including Harlech, Conwy and Caernarfon. Previously he had been employed by Philip of Savoy and had designed for him the fortress palace of St Georges d'Esperanche.
Unlike most of its contemporaries, Beaumaris Castle was built on a flat site and was designed on the concentric principle to have 4 defensive rings - moat, outer curtain wall, outer ward and inner curtain wall. It was originally intended to have 5 separate accommodation suites. In the event they were not built as work ceased c1330 before the castle was complete. A survey made in 1343 indicates that little has been lost of the fabric in subsequent centuries, despite being besieged during the revolt of Owain Glyndwr. However it was described as ruinous in 1539 and in 1609 by successive members of the Bulkeley family, who had settled in Anglesey and senior officials at Beaumaris from the C15, although they were probably unaware that the castle had never been finished. During the Civil War the castle was held for the king by Thomas, Viscount Bulkeley, who is said to have spent £3000 on repairs, and his son Colonel Richard Bulkeley. After the Restoration it was partly dismantled. The castle was purchased from the crown by the 6th Viscount Bulkeley in 1807, passing to his nephew Sir Richard Bulkeley Williams-Bulkeley in 1822. Sir Richard opened the castle grounds to the public and in 1832 Princess Victoria attended a Royal Eisteddfod held in the inner ward. Since 1925 it has been in the guardianship of the state, during which time the ruins have been conserved and the moat reinstated.
Exterior
A concentrically planned castle comprising an inner ward, which is square in plan, with high inner curtain wall incorporating gatehouses and towers, an outer ward and an outer curtain wall which is nearly square in plan but has shallow facets to form an octagon. The outer curtain wall faces the moat. The castle is built mainly of coursed local limestone and local sandstone, the latter having been used for dressings and mouldings. Openings have mainly shouldered lintels.
The main entrance was the S side, or Gate Next the Sea. This has a central gateway with tall segmental arch, slots in the soffit for the drawbridge chains, loop above it and machicolations on the parapet. The entrance is flanked by round gatehouse towers which, to the L, is corbelled out over a narrower square base set diagonally, and on the R is corbelled out with a square projecting shooting platform to the front. The towers have loops in both stages, and L-hand (W) tower has a corbelled latrine shaft in the angle with the curtain wall. The shooting platform has partially surviving battlements, and is abutted by the footings of the former town wall, added in the early C15. On the R side of the gatehouse is the dock, where the curtain wall has a doorway for unloading provisions. The dock wall, projecting at R angles further R has a corbelled parapet, a central round tower that incorporated a tidal mill and, at the end, a corbelled shooting platform, perhaps for a trebuchet, with machicolations to the end (S) wall. The E side of the dock wall has loops lighting a mural passage.
The curtain walls have loops at ground level of the outer ward, some blocked, and each facet to the E, W and N sides has higher end and intermediate 2-stage round turrets, and all with a corbelled parapet. The northernmost facet of the W side and most of the northern side were added after 1306 and a break in the building programme. The towers at the NW and NE corners are larger and higher than the other main turrets. On the N side, in the eastern facet, is the N or Llanfaes Gate. This was unfinished in the medieval period and has survived much as it was left. The gateway has a recessed segmental arch at high level, a portcullis slot and a blocked pointed arch forming the main entrance, into which a modern gate has been inserted. To the L and R are irregular walls, square in plan, of the proposed gatehouse towers, the N walls facing the moat never having been built. Later arches were built to span the walls at high level in order to facilitate a wall walk. The NE tower of the outer curtain wall has a corbelled latrine shaft in the angle with the E curtain wall, and in the same stretch of wall is a corbelled shaft retaining a gargoyle. The SE tower also has a corbelled latrine shaft in the angle with the E curtain wall.
In the Gate Next the Sea the passage is arched with 2 murder slots, a loop to either side, and a former doorway at the end, of which draw-bar slots have survived. In the R-hand (E) gatehouse is an irregular-shaped room with garderobe chamber. On its inner (N) side are mural stair leading to the wall walk and to a newel stair to the upper chamber. The upper chamber has a fireplace with missing lintel, and a garderobe. The L-hand (W) gatehouse has an undercroft. Its lower storey was reached by external stone steps against the curtain wall, and retains a garderobe chamber and fireplace, formerly with projecting hood. The upper chamber was reached from the wall walk.
On the inner side facing the outer ward, the outer curtain wall is corbelled out to the upper level, except on the N side where only a short section is corbelled out. To the W of the gatehouse are remains of stone steps to the gatehouse, already mentioned, and stone steps to the wall walk. Further R the loops in the curtain wall are framed by an arcade of pointed arches added in the mid C14. The curtain wall towers have doorways to the lower stage, and were entered from the wall walk in the upper stage. In some places the wall walk is corbelled out and/or stepped down at the entrances to the towers. On the W side, the southernmost facet has a projecting former garderobe, surviving in outline form on the ground and with evidence of a former lean-to stone roof. Just N of the central tower on the W side are the footings of a former closing wall defining the original end of the outer ward before the curtain wall was completed after 1306. Further N in the same stretch of wall are stone steps to the wall walk. The NW corner tower has a doorway with draw-bar socket, passage with garderobe chamber to its L, and a narrow fireplace which formerly had a projecting hood. The upper stage floor was carried on a cross beam, of which large corbels survive, and corbel table that supported joists. In the upper stage details of a former fireplace have been lost.
In the Llanfaes Gate the proposed gatehouses both have doorways with ovolo-moulded surrounds. The L-hand (W) doorway leads to a newel stair. The NE curtain wall tower is similar to the NW tower, with garderobe, fireplaces and corbels supporting the floor of the upper stage. Both facets on the E side have remains of garderobes with stone lean-to roofs, of which the northernmost is better preserved. The SE tower was heated in the upper stage but the fireplace details are lost. In the dock wall, a doorway leads to a corbelled mural passage.
The inner ward is surrounded by higher curtain walls with corbelled parapets. It has S and N gatehouses, and corner and intermediate round towers in the E and W walls. The towers all have battered bases and in the angles with the curtain walls are loops lighting the stairs. The curtain walls have loops lighting a first floor mural passage, and the S and N sides also have shorter passages with loops in the lower storey. The inner curtain wall has a more finely moulded corbel table than the outer curtain wall, and embattlements incorporating arrow loops. The main entrance to the inner ward was by the S Gatehouse. It has an added barbican rectangular in plan. The entrance in the W end wall has a plain pointed arch, of which the voussoirs and jamb are missing on the L side. The S wall has 3 loops and 2 gargoyles, the L-hand poorly preserved, and has a single loop in the E wall. Inside are remains of stone steps against the E wall leading to the parapet. The 2-storey S gatehouse has a 2-centred arch, a pointed window above, retaining only a fragment of its moulded dressings, spanned by a segmental arch with murder slot at high level. The towers to the R and L are rounded and have loops in the lower stage, and square-headed windows in the middle stage.
The SW, W (Middle) and NW towers have similar detail, a loop in the lower stage and blocked 2-light mullioned window in the middle stage. The 3-storey N Gatehouse, although similar in plan and conception to the S Gatehouse, differs in its details. It has a central 2-centred arch and pintles of former double gates. In the middle storey is a narrow square-headed window and in the upper storey a 2-light window with cusped lights and remains of a transom. A high segmental arch, incorporating a murder slot, spans the entrance. The rounded towers have loops in the lower stage. The R-hand (W) has a window opening in the middle storey, of which the dressings are missing, and in the upper storey a single cusped light to the N and remains of a pair of cusped lights, with transom, on the W side. The L-hand (E) tower has a single square-headed window in the middle storey (formerly 2-light but its mullion is missing) and in the upper storey a single cusped light and square-headed window on the E side. The NE and SE towers are similar to the towers on the W side. In the middle of the E curtain wall is the chapel tower, which has 5 pointed windows in the middle storey.
The S gateway has a well-defended passage. The outer doorway has double draw-bar sockets, followed by a portcullis slot, 4 segmental arches between murder slots, loops in each wall, then another portcullis slot and a segmental arch where the position of a doorway is marked by double draw-bar sockets. Beyond, the passage walls were not completed, but near the end is the position of another doorway with draw-bar socket and the base of a portcullis slot.
The gatehouses have a double depth plan, but only the outer (S) half was continued above ground-floor level. The N side has the footings of guard rooms, each with fireplaces and NE and NW round stair turrets, of which the NW retains the base of a newel stair. Above ground floor level the N wall of the surviving building, originally intended as a dividing wall, has doorways in the middle storey. Both gatehouses have first-floor fireplaces, of which the moulded jambs and corbels have survived, but the corbelled hood has been lost.
Architectural refinement was concentrated upon the N gatehouse, which was the principal accommodation block, and the chapel. The S elevation of the N gatehouse has a central segmental arch to the entrance passage. To its R is a square-headed window and to its L are 2 small dressed windows, set unusually high because an external stone stair was originally built against the wall. In the 5-bay middle storey are a doorway at the L end and 4 windows to a first-floor hall. All the openings have 4-centred arches with continuous mouldings, sill band and string course at half height. The R-hand window retains a transom but otherwise no mullions or transoms have survived. Projecting round turrets to the R and L house the stairs, lit by narrow loops. To the N of the R-hand (E) stair tower the side wall of the gatehouse has the segmental stone arch of a former undercroft.
The N gate passage is best described from its outer side, and is similar to the S gate. It has a doorway with double draw-bar sockets, portcullis slot, springers of former arches between murder slots, loops in each wall, another portcullis slot, a pointed doorway with double draw-bar sockets, doorways to rooms on the R and L, and a 3rd portcullis slot. The gatehouses have, in the lower storey, 2 simple unheated rooms. The first-floor hall has pointed rere arches, moulded C14 corbels and plain corbel table supporting the roof, a lateral fireplace formerly with corbelled hood, and a similar fireplace in the E wall (suggesting that the hall was partitioned) of which the dressings are mostly missing. Rooms on the N side of the hall are faceted in each gatehouse, with fireplaces and window seats in both middle and upper storeys. Stair turrets have newels stairs, the upper portion of which is renewed in concrete on the W side.
The Chapel tower has a pointed rubble-stone tunnel vault in the lower storey. In the middle storey is a pointed doorway with 2 orders of hollow moulding, leading to the chapel. Above are 2 corbelled round projections in the wall walk. The chapel doorway opens to a small tunnel-vaulted lobby. Entrance to the chapel itself is through double cusped doorways, which form part of a blind arcade of cusped arches with trefoiled spandrels, 3 per bay, to the 2-bay chapel. The chapel has a polygonal apse and rib vault on polygonal wall shafts. The W side, which incorporates the entrance, also has small lancet openings within the arcading that look out to the mural passage. Windows are set high, above the arcading. The W bay has blind windows, into which small windows were built that allowed proceedings to be viewed from small chambers contained within the wall on the N and S sides of the chapel, reached from the mural passage and provided with benches.
The SW, NW, NE, SE and the Middle tower are built to a standard form, with round lower-storey rooms, octagonal above. They incorporate newel stairs, of which the NW has mostly collapsed, and the SW is rebuilt in concrete at the upper level. The lower storey, which has a floor level lower than the passage from the inner ward, was possibly used as a prison and has a single inclined vent but no windows. Upper floors were supported on diaphragm arches, which have survived supporting the middle storeys of the Middle and SE towers, whereas the SW and NE towers retain only the springers of former arches, and the NE tower has a diaphragm arch supporting the upper storey. In the middle storey of each tower is the remains of a fireplace with corbelled hood.
Each section of curtain wall contains a central latrine shaft, with mural passages at first-floor level incorporating back-to-back garderobes. The N and S walls also have short mural passages in the lower storey to single garderobes in each section of wall. Mural passages have corbelled roofs. The S side is different as it has tunnel-vaulted lobbies adjacent to the towers, between which are short sections of corbelled passage with garderobes. The wall walk also incorporates back-to-back latrines, in this case reached down stone steps.
There is evidence of buildings within the inner ward. Footings survive of a building constructed against the E end of the N wall. In the curtain wall are 2 fireplaces, formerly with corbelled hoods, to a first-floor hall. On the S side of the chapel tower is the stub wall of a larger building. On the N side of the W curtain wall are the moulded jambs of a former kitchen fireplace, and adjacent to it against the N wall is the base of a bake oven. On the E side of the S curtain wall the wall is plastered to 2-storey height.
Reasons for Listing
Listed grade I as one of the outstanding Edwardian medieval castles of Wales.
Scheduled Ancient Monument AN001
World Heritage Site
corridor - South-West Tower to North-West Tower. While here I also went up to the top of the walls for the Inner Wall Walk.
The Middle Tower.
How to schedule appointments and to-do tasks in a Linux terminal
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Capt. Jedmund Greene (in background), 21st Theater Support Command, 16th Sustainment Brigade, based in Kaiserslautern, Germany, takes part in mentoring Ugandan military logisticians in vehicle measurement for deployment during air load planning certification in Entebbe, Uganda.
U.S. Army photo by Gordon Christensen
A U.S. Army Africa (USARAF) organized Africa Deployment Assistance Partnership Team (ADAPT) recently trained, and for the first time ever, certified 25 soldiers of the Uganda People’s Defense Force (UPDF) as C-130 aircraft load planners in Entebbe, Uganda.
A five-person team, led by Gordon Christensen of Army Africa’s G-4 Mobility Division, completed Phase III training with UPDF soldiers Aug. 27 in Entebbe, Uganda, said John Hanson, chief of the G-4 Policy and Programs Branch.
“This was the first actual air load certification we’ve done, of all the previous ADAPT engagements,” Hanson said. “That’s what makes it unique.”
Two weeks of classroom instruction and hands-on training enabled 25 of 31 students to earn U.S. Air Force Air Mobility Command Form 9 certification, significantly augmenting the Uganda land force’s air deployment capability, while developing greater interoperability with U.S. military forces, Hanson said.
The ADAPT program, developed to enhance the force projection capabilities of African militaries, is managed by the USARAF G-4 staff. Its aim is to bridge the gap between limited deployment capacity and the need to provide forces in support of peacekeeping or humanitarian relief operations, Hanson said.
“We’re building capacity for people to deploy, to do their own missions,” he said.
Even when the training doesn’t lead to actual U.S. Air Force certification, as it did this time in Uganda, it contributes to an enhanced deployment capacity for the land force involved, Hanson said.
“That’s the intent. They can’t do the certification, but they can continue to train their own people. Then we back off and they continue to do that,” he said.
The program is a Title 22 tactical logistics engagement funded by the U.S. Department of State, and focuses on African countries that contribute troops to peacekeeping operations, Hanson said.
Training is executed in four installments in order to create a long-term, phased approach to building deployment capacity, Hanson said. Instructors take students from a general orientation to tactical deployment principles to an advanced level of practical proficiency.
Instructors for the UPDF course were sourced using the Request For Forces (RFF) process, Hanson said.
Christensen was accompanied U.S. Army Capt. Jedmund Greene of 21st Theater Support Command’s 16th Sustainment Brigade, based in Kaiserslautern, Germany, and three Air Force noncommissioned officers: Tech. Sgt. Venus Washington, Robbins Air Force Base, Ga.; Tech. Sgt. Byran Quinn, Pope Air Force Base, N.C.; and Senior Master Sgt. Anthony D. Tate of the Illinois Air National Guard.
“The training helped to strengthen the relationship with our Ugandan partners, and also helped them build a self-sustaining deployment capacity,” Greene said. “I hope 21st TSC can increase its support to USARAF logistics theater security cooperation events in the future.”
Army Africa’s G-4 staff is presently working to synchronize ADAPT with the Africa Contingency Operations Training and Assistance (ACOTA) program. A proof of concept joint training was conducted with ACOTA in Rwanda earlier this year, combining tactical- and support-staff training in logistics with the more complex operational techniques of force deployment and mobility, Hanson said.
The Rwanda training demonstrated the feasibility of combining available U.S. government resources to achieve the most efficient and focused effort to advance common foreign policy objectives with U.S. partners in Africa, he said.
To date, ADAPT missions have been funded for eight African countries. Previous training sessions have been conducted in Rwanda, Ghana and Burkina Faso as well as Uganda, and the number is likely to grow in coming years, Hanson said.
“The programs were identified as being of interest to several other countries during the Army Africa Theater Army Security Cooperation Conference, held in Vicenza in August,” Hanson said.
The next planned ADAPT mission is for Phase I training in Botswana, scheduled for the first quarter of 2011, he said.
To learn more about U.S. Army Africa visit our official website at www.usaraf.army.mil
Official Twitter Feed: www.twitter.com/usarmyafrica
Official YouTube video channel: www.youtube.com/usarmyafrica
"A new typesetting schedule takes effect Monday, 4-9-1974. Please check for changes. Check that you have the new schedule, effective 4-8-1974." So proclaims the board. My hunch is that this photo was taken before April 8, 1974. If you missed the change, it may be too late now.
I think we're back on schedule with this 'a family photo a month' thing. I'm still at 14 dolls, although I got a new one this month (Hindi, the Blythe, who I need to learn to post better in the family photos lol), but only because I also sold Gunnar. Technically he's still here, but he's on a payment plan, and no longer mine. Because I'm selling Gunnar I'm also expecting my dolly family to grow a little more rapidly than expected this summer. There's an American Girl I want, and then I'd really like to bring an Another Queen and a Shade home before it's all said and done. I'd also like to get everyone to where I want them as far as wigs, eyechips & bodies. Of course, the fact I've been paying bills with Gunnar's money hasn't helped, but the trip to the Carolinas this month our budget really couldn't handle. Oh well~ My family looks great as it is, I'm really happy with everyone. Much dolly love~
The Orbital ATK L-1011 Stargazer aircraft has arrived at the Skid Strip at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. Attached beneath the Stargazer is the Orbital ATK Pegasus XL with NASA's Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) on board. CYGNSS was processed and prepared for its mission at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. CYGNSS is scheduled for its airborne launch aboard the Pegasus XL rocket from the Skid Strip on Dec. 12. CYGNSS will make frequent and accurate measurements of ocean surface winds throughout the life cycle of tropical storms and hurricanes. The data that CYGNSS provides will enable scientists to probe key air-sea interaction processes that take place near the core of storms, which are rapidly changing and play a critical role in the beginning and intensification of hurricanes. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett
Wednesday, 04 July 2012
Due to the section between Dromkeen and Limerick Jct being closed for bridge works at Oola, the 1340 Heuston - Limerick is diverted via Nenagh for the month of July. ICR #25 (22 025) is seen here arriving into the loop at Birdhill with the 1340 ex Heuston. At Birdhill, this service is scheduled to cross the 1605 Limerick - Ballybrophy.
© Finbarr O'Neill
Finally, I have a halfway reasonable schedule. It took me forever to actually get into classes, and now I have no waitlists to deal with or anything.
A board shows the schedule for the workers. Taken at Gilman, the former town of the workers at the Eagle Mine. The town is at an elevation of 9000’ with a population of 350. It was the largest underground mill in the US until in 1984 when it was abandoned by order of the EPA due to toxic pollutants. Graffiti artist often use Gilman as a canvas for their artworks. These photos are part of the Gilman project, a two day photographic shoot of the town and mine site.
Pictured: 2 RTR on parade in front of Bristol City Hall
After a demanding and successful final tour of Afghanistan, 200 soldiers from The 2nd Royal Tank Regiment (2 RTR) marched through the streets of Bristol to mark their return home today, Thursday 6 February 2014.
The Wiltshire based Regiment spent almost seven months on active duty as part of Operation HERRICK 18 in Helmand Province, providing support to the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF). The Regiment, based in Tidworth, Wiltshire, played a vital role in ensuring that the ANSF are fully prepared to take control of their country. The Regiment’s deployment on this operation was its last prior to amalgamation with 1st Royal Tank Regiment in August 2014.
Accompanied by applause from the public, the ‘Tankies’ in their unique black overalls, proudly marched through the city centre of Bristol, the heart of their recruitment area. Despite the rain, the parade stepped off from College Green making its way along St Augustine’s Parade to the Cenotaph before returning back along the same route to salute the dais as they passed. Taking the salute was the Lord Lieutenant of Bristol, Mrs Mary Prior MBE JP, The Lord Mayor of Bristol, Councillor Faruk Choudhray and the Colonel Commandant’s Representative, Lieutenant Colonel David Catmur. The parade concluded back on College Green and music was provided throughout by The Band of The Prince of Wales’s Division.
The Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel Jason Williams said:
“The Regiment had a hugely successful tour, leaving Central Helmand a much better place with a genuinely positive outlook for the future.”
“But this success is also due to the hard work of our comrades on previous tours, and the enormous support we received from back home, especially those from Bristol.”
Returning from his first tour, 22 year old Trooper Danny Evans from Withywood, Bristol said:
“We were the most used asset out there and it was good to work with my mates, we formed a close bond”
“I have done a parade before but this time I have done the tour as well and that is great! I joined the Tank Regiment because it is my local regiment and I was very proud to march through my home town today”
After a short reception at the City Hall, the Regiment then moved off to watch the 2 RTR football team play a friendly match against the Bristol City FC Under-21s. The game, originally scheduled to be played at City’s ground at Ashton Court, was relocated to the Hand Stadium in Clevedon due to the wet weather.
END
NOTES TO EDITORS:
•The Royal Tank Regiment is the oldest tank unit in the world, forged in the horrors of the First World War. Originally formed from the Machine Gun Corps, the pioneers of armoured warfare became the Tank Corps, whose numbers expanded rapidly, forming 18 battalions by the start of 1919. In the Second World War, the Royal Tank Regiment (as it had become known) had as many as 25 battalions fighting all over the world.
•The Regiment deployed on Operation HERRICK 18 in several different roles. Battle Group Headquarters and Egypt Squadron deployed as Transition Support Unit, Lashkar Gah, responsible for providing support to the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) where necessary. Badger Squadron deployed as the Warthog Group, supporting deliberate operations conducted by British forces. Cyclops Squadron Headquarters deployed as mentors to an Afghan National Army (ANA) unit.
•1st and 2nd Royal Tank Regiments will merge in August 2014 as part of the restructuring of the British Army, and will form The Royal Tank Regiment, based in Tidworth.
•Bristol is at the heart of the recruiting area for 2 RTR and in support of the Army’s national recruitment campaign ‘More Than Meets the Eye’ there were stands from various Units and Regiments based in the South West on display in the city centre. Designed to attract new recruits to full-time Regular and part-time Reserve roles, the campaign aims to put right people’s misconceptions of what a career in the Army is really like by showcasing the wide range of roles and opportunities available. It features real soldiers and officers from a diverse range of Army roles, including electricians, bricklayers and HR specialists. TV adverts are supported by digital, radio and cinema advertising that will run until March.
If you have any further questions, please call Tammy Dixon, Army Press Office South West on 01980 656422/07780 764890.
NOTE TO DESKS:
MoD release authorised handout images.
All images remain Crown Copyright 2013.
Photo credit to read - Cpl Si Longworth RLC (Phot)
Email: simonlongworth@mediaops.army.mod.uk
richardwatt@mediaops.army.mod.uk
shanewilkinson@mediaops.army.mod.uk
Si Longworth - 07414 191994
Richard Watt - 07836 515306
Shane Wilkinson - 07901 590723
I love everything about these schedule boards -- they seem exotic to me and scream "Europe." The constant motion and clackety-clack noise only add to the appeal.
Tom Neumann, ICESat-2 deputy project scientist, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, speaks to members of the news media and social media participants during a prelaunch mission briefing for NASA's Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), a mission to measure the changing height of Earth's ice, on Sept. 13, 2018 at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) in California. ICESat-2 will launch aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta II, the rocketâs final mission, from Space Launch Complex 2 at VAFB. Launch is scheduled for 8:46 a.m. EDT (5:46 a.m. PDT). Photo Credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett
This is Saint Alban's Church on Deansway in Worcester. It may have it's origins in Roman times, but there may have been a church on this site since c.720. The present building is at least early Norman (c.1175). Some of the stone work might be Anglo-Saxon.
It was heavily restored in the 19th and 20th centuries.
It is named after the first British Martyr, who was a soldier in the Roman Army. He converted to Christianity by a fugitive priest who gave him shelter. They switched identies so that he could be martyred in the priests place.
His tomb was liked so much, that a church was built on the site, and around it the town of St Albans.
These days the church is no longer a church but a day centre called Magg's Day Centre. It is a Grade II listed building and is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
Parish church, now day centre. C12 with later additions and alterations including restorations and alterations of c1821-1850. Coursed red and green sandstone with double pitch slate and plain tile roof. Small church with continuous 3-bay nave and single-bay chancel with north aisle. Norman, Early English and neo-Norman. Chamfered plinth. Entrance to north side a round-arched doorway with 1 order of columns with cushion capitals and roll-moulding to head in chamfered reveals, all renewed; plank door. 2 round-arched windows with 1 order of slender columns and roll-moulding to head, renewed, with blocked narrow opening between and large intel. East end has 3 stepped lancets to chancel with oculus over and lancet to aisle. West end has 2 renewed trefoil-headed lancets and continuous hoodmould; small rose window over. West gable bell cote. Coped gable ends. INTERIOR: the North arcade is Late Norman with round piers and round abaci, double-chamfered arches, one scalloped capital and one flat-leaf capital, nailhead ornament in the hoodmould (mostly recut). Probably Victorian tile floor. Monuments: wall monument to Marci, wife of William Wyatt d.1595; wall monument to Edmund Wyatt d.1711 a cartouche with winged cherubs and drapery; another wall tablet c1796. Scheduled Ancient Monument. (The Buildings of England: Pevsner: N: Worcestershire: Harmondsworth: 1968-1985: 317).
NCAA Collage Football fans and supporters around the globe watch 2013 NCAA College Football Week 10 Saturday Nobember 2 All Game Live Streaming Online.
CLICK THE LINK BELOW TO GET LIVE TV LINK
ncaafootball2013live.blogspot.com/2013/11/florida-st-semi...
ncaafootball2013live.blogspot.com/2013/11/florida-st-semi...
2013 NCAA College Football Week 10
ALL LIVE GAME SCHEDULE
Saturday November 2
Air Force Falcons v Army Black Knights-From:-12:00pm
Boston College Eagles v Virginia Tech Hokies-From:-12:00pm
Wisconsin Badger V Iowa Hawkeyes-From:-12:00pm>>
Marshall Thundering Herd v Southern Miss Golden Eagles-From:-12:00pm
Northern Illinois Huskies V Massachusetts Minutemen-From:-12:00pm>>
Penn State Nittany Lions v Illinois Fighting Illini-From:-12:00pm
Ohio State Buckeyes V Purdue Boilermakers-From:-12:00pm>>
Rutgers Scarlet Knights v Temple Owls 12:00 pm-From:-12:00pm
South Carolina Gamecocks v Mississippi State Bulldogs-From:-12:21pm>>
North Carolina State Wolfpack v North Carolina Tar Heels-From:-12:30pm
Syracuse Orange v Wake Forest Demon Deacons-From:-12:30pm
Georgia State Panthers v Western Kentucky Hilltoppers-From:-1:00 pm
UAB Blazers v Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders-From:-1:00 pm
Akron Zips v Kent State Golden Flashes-From:-3:30 pm
California Golden Bears v Arizona Wildcats-From:-3:30 pm
Florida Gators v Georgia Bulldogs-From:-3:30 pm
Indiana Hoosiers v Minnesota Golden Gophers-From:-3:30 pm
Kansas State Wildcats v Iowa State Cyclones-From:-3:30 pm
Michigan State Spartans v Michigan Wolverines-From:-3:30pm>>
Nebraska Cornhuskers v Northwestern Wildcats-From:-3:30 pm
Notre Dame Fighting Irish v Navy Midshipmen-From:-3:30 pm>>
TCU Horned Frogs v West Virginia Mountaineers-From:-3:30pm
Texas Longhorns v Kansas Jayhawks-From:-3:30 pm
Tulsa Golden Hurricane v UTSA Roadrunners-From:-3:30 pm
Clemson Tigers V Virginia Cavaliers-From:-3:30pm>>
UNLV Rebels v San Jose State Spartans-From:-4:00 pm
Utah State Aggies v Hawaii Rainbow Warriors-From:-4:00 pm
Florida Atlantic Owls v Tulane Green Wave-From:-5:00 pm
Idaho Vandals v Texas State Bobcats-From:-5:00 pm
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns v New Mexico State Aggies-From:-5:00 pm
Auburn Tigers V Arkansas Razorbacks-From:-6:00 pm>>
FIU Golden Panthers v East Carolina Pirates-From:-6:00 pm
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets v Pittsburgh Panthers-From:-7:00 pm
Missouri Tigers v Tennessee Volunteers-From:-7:00 pm>>
Texas Tech Red Raiders v Oklahoma State Cowboys-From:-7:00 pm>>
Toledo Rockets v Eastern Michigan Eagles-From:-7:00 pm
Kentucky Wildcats v Alabama State Hornets-From:-7:30 pm
South Alabama Jaguars v Arkansas State Red Wolves-From:-7:30 pm
UCLA Bruins v Colorado Buffaloes-From:-7:30 pm>>
Colorado State Rams v Boise State Broncos-From:-8:00 pm
Florida State Seminoles V Miami (FL) Hurricanes-From:-8:00 pm>>
San Diego State Aztecs v New Mexico Lobos-From:-8:00 pm
Texas A&M Aggies v UTEP Miners-From:-9:00 pm>>
Fresno State Bulldogs v Nevada Wolf Pack-From:-10:30 pm>>
Over 3700 Live Streaming HD Channels
Stream Directly to your PC or Laptop
No hardware purchases required ever
No Monthly charges / No Bandwidth limits
Unrestricted worldwide TV Channel coverage
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Full HD widescreen Playback Support
NCAA Collage Football fans and supporters around the globe watch 2013 NCAA College Football Week 10 Saturday Nobember 2 All Game Live Streaming Online.
CLICK THE LINK BELOW TO GET LIVE TV LINK
ncaafootball2013live.blogspot.com/2013/11/florida-st-semi...
ncaafootball2013live.blogspot.com/2013/11/florida-st-semi...
2013 NCAA College Football Week 10
ALL LIVE GAME SCHEDULE
Saturday November 2
Air Force Falcons v Army Black Knights-From:-12:00pm
Boston College Eagles v Virginia Tech Hokies-From:-12:00pm
Wisconsin Badger V Iowa Hawkeyes-From:-12:00pm>>
Marshall Thundering Herd v Southern Miss Golden Eagles-From:-12:00pm
Northern Illinois Huskies V Massachusetts Minutemen-From:-12:00pm>>
Penn State Nittany Lions v Illinois Fighting Illini-From:-12:00pm
Ohio State Buckeyes V Purdue Boilermakers-From:-12:00pm>>
Rutgers Scarlet Knights v Temple Owls 12:00 pm-From:-12:00pm
South Carolina Gamecocks v Mississippi State Bulldogs-From:-12:21pm>>
North Carolina State Wolfpack v North Carolina Tar Heels-From:-12:30pm
Syracuse Orange v Wake Forest Demon Deacons-From:-12:30pm
Georgia State Panthers v Western Kentucky Hilltoppers-From:-1:00 pm
UAB Blazers v Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders-From:-1:00 pm
Akron Zips v Kent State Golden Flashes-From:-3:30 pm
California Golden Bears v Arizona Wildcats-From:-3:30 pm
Florida Gators v Georgia Bulldogs-From:-3:30 pm
Indiana Hoosiers v Minnesota Golden Gophers-From:-3:30 pm
Kansas State Wildcats v Iowa State Cyclones-From:-3:30 pm
Michigan State Spartans v Michigan Wolverines-From:-3:30pm>>
Nebraska Cornhuskers v Northwestern Wildcats-From:-3:30 pm
Notre Dame Fighting Irish v Navy Midshipmen-From:-3:30 pm>>
TCU Horned Frogs v West Virginia Mountaineers-From:-3:30pm
Texas Longhorns v Kansas Jayhawks-From:-3:30 pm
Tulsa Golden Hurricane v UTSA Roadrunners-From:-3:30 pm
Clemson Tigers V Virginia Cavaliers-From:-3:30pm>>
UNLV Rebels v San Jose State Spartans-From:-4:00 pm
Utah State Aggies v Hawaii Rainbow Warriors-From:-4:00 pm
Florida Atlantic Owls v Tulane Green Wave-From:-5:00 pm
Idaho Vandals v Texas State Bobcats-From:-5:00 pm
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns v New Mexico State Aggies-From:-5:00 pm
Auburn Tigers V Arkansas Razorbacks-From:-6:00 pm>>
FIU Golden Panthers v East Carolina Pirates-From:-6:00 pm
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets v Pittsburgh Panthers-From:-7:00 pm
Missouri Tigers v Tennessee Volunteers-From:-7:00 pm>>
Texas Tech Red Raiders v Oklahoma State Cowboys-From:-7:00 pm>>
Toledo Rockets v Eastern Michigan Eagles-From:-7:00 pm
Kentucky Wildcats v Alabama State Hornets-From:-7:30 pm
South Alabama Jaguars v Arkansas State Red Wolves-From:-7:30 pm
UCLA Bruins v Colorado Buffaloes-From:-7:30 pm>>
Colorado State Rams v Boise State Broncos-From:-8:00 pm
Florida State Seminoles V Miami (FL) Hurricanes-From:-8:00 pm>>
San Diego State Aztecs v New Mexico Lobos-From:-8:00 pm
Texas A&M Aggies v UTEP Miners-From:-9:00 pm>>
Fresno State Bulldogs v Nevada Wolf Pack-From:-10:30 pm>>
Over 3700 Live Streaming HD Channels
Stream Directly to your PC or Laptop
No hardware purchases required ever
No Monthly charges / No Bandwidth limits
Unrestricted worldwide TV Channel coverage
No TV restrictions / No Streaming restrictions
Full HD widescreen Playback Support
NCAA Collage Football fans and supporters around the globe watch 2013 NCAA College Football Week 10 Saturday Nobember 2 All Game Live Streaming Online.
CLICK THE LINK BELOW TO GET LIVE TV LINK
ncaafootball2013live.blogspot.com/2013/11/florida-st-semi...
ncaafootball2013live.blogspot.com/2013/11/florida-st-semi...
2013 NCAA College Football Week 10
ALL LIVE GAME SCHEDULE
Saturday November 2
Air Force Falcons v Army Black Knights-From:-12:00pm
Boston College Eagles v Virginia Tech Hokies-From:-12:00pm
Wisconsin Badger V Iowa Hawkeyes-From:-12:00pm>>
Marshall Thundering Herd v Southern Miss Golden Eagles-From:-12:00pm
Northern Illinois Huskies V Massachusetts Minutemen-From:-12:00pm>>
Penn State Nittany Lions v Illinois Fighting Illini-From:-12:00pm
Ohio State Buckeyes V Purdue Boilermakers-From:-12:00pm>>
Rutgers Scarlet Knights v Temple Owls 12:00 pm-From:-12:00pm
South Carolina Gamecocks v Mississippi State Bulldogs-From:-12:21pm>>
North Carolina State Wolfpack v North Carolina Tar Heels-From:-12:30pm
Syracuse Orange v Wake Forest Demon Deacons-From:-12:30pm
Georgia State Panthers v Western Kentucky Hilltoppers-From:-1:00 pm
UAB Blazers v Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders-From:-1:00 pm
Akron Zips v Kent State Golden Flashes-From:-3:30 pm
California Golden Bears v Arizona Wildcats-From:-3:30 pm
Florida Gators v Georgia Bulldogs-From:-3:30 pm
Indiana Hoosiers v Minnesota Golden Gophers-From:-3:30 pm
Kansas State Wildcats v Iowa State Cyclones-From:-3:30 pm
Michigan State Spartans v Michigan Wolverines-From:-3:30pm>>
Nebraska Cornhuskers v Northwestern Wildcats-From:-3:30 pm
Notre Dame Fighting Irish v Navy Midshipmen-From:-3:30 pm>>
TCU Horned Frogs v West Virginia Mountaineers-From:-3:30pm
Texas Longhorns v Kansas Jayhawks-From:-3:30 pm
Tulsa Golden Hurricane v UTSA Roadrunners-From:-3:30 pm
Clemson Tigers V Virginia Cavaliers-From:-3:30pm>>
UNLV Rebels v San Jose State Spartans-From:-4:00 pm
Utah State Aggies v Hawaii Rainbow Warriors-From:-4:00 pm
Florida Atlantic Owls v Tulane Green Wave-From:-5:00 pm
Idaho Vandals v Texas State Bobcats-From:-5:00 pm
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns v New Mexico State Aggies-From:-5:00 pm
Auburn Tigers V Arkansas Razorbacks-From:-6:00 pm>>
FIU Golden Panthers v East Carolina Pirates-From:-6:00 pm
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets v Pittsburgh Panthers-From:-7:00 pm
Missouri Tigers v Tennessee Volunteers-From:-7:00 pm>>
Texas Tech Red Raiders v Oklahoma State Cowboys-From:-7:00 pm>>
Toledo Rockets v Eastern Michigan Eagles-From:-7:00 pm
Kentucky Wildcats v Alabama State Hornets-From:-7:30 pm
South Alabama Jaguars v Arkansas State Red Wolves-From:-7:30 pm
UCLA Bruins v Colorado Buffaloes-From:-7:30 pm>>
Colorado State Rams v Boise State Broncos-From:-8:00 pm
Florida State Seminoles V Miami (FL) Hurricanes-From:-8:00 pm>>
San Diego State Aztecs v New Mexico Lobos-From:-8:00 pm
Texas A&M Aggies v UTEP Miners-From:-9:00 pm>>
Fresno State Bulldogs v Nevada Wolf Pack-From:-10:30 pm>>
Over 3700 Live Streaming HD Channels
Stream Directly to your PC or Laptop
No hardware purchases required ever
No Monthly charges / No Bandwidth limits
Unrestricted worldwide TV Channel coverage
No TV restrictions / No Streaming restrictions
Full HD widescreen Playback Support
Last week, I found the hair nets of Hare made by my mother are oversized... so she took them back and redid them. If she can finish 7 pairs in this week, I'm going to ship the first batch of Hare at this weekend. Then I'm going to finish the rest of 6 Hares. It's lucky that all hands and bodies brushing were done in the frist batch, so there will be less work. Then, I'm going to prepare and send the first batch of Hatter, including single Hatter orders and those ordered with Hare. If you ordered Alice too, I'm afraid that you have wait for the last batch. Sorry…>x< After that ,I will prepare the rest of Hatters, then Alices, and send all of the orders to finish the Chapter 4.:p