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Cống hiến, ngưỡng mộ và tôn trọng phụ nữ can đảm của Việt Nam.
Tribute, Admiration and Respect for the Courageous Women of Vietnam.
Hommage, Admiration et Respect pour les Courageuses Femmes du Vietnam.
Mots clefs:
Vietnam vietnamese women woman lady ladies "vietnamese woman" "vietnamese women" vietnamienne femme fille vietnamesische vietnamita bьетнамская "phụ nữ" "Đàn bà" "giống cái" "con gái" Việt "vietnamese ladies" amazing attractive awesome beautifull charming cute delicious delightful extraordinary fantastic gorgeous graceful honney happiness incredible kindness lovely nice oustanding pleasant pretty priceless smile smiling stunning super sweethearth sweetmeat unbelievable unforgettable wonderfull agréable extraordinaire gentille gracieuse heureuse magnifique mignonne ravissante souriante sourire splendide superbe
Autres mots clefs:
ánh sáng, màu sắc, đáng yêu, tuyệt vời, tuyệt vời, đẹp, quyến rũ, dễ thương, ngon, thú vị, phi thường, tuyệt vời, tuyệt vời, tuyệt đẹp, duyên dáng, đáng kinh ngạc ngọt ngào, không thể tin được, khó quên, tuyệt vời,
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Designer: Wang Jinxiang (王金祥)
1978, June
Respect teachers, love students, to create a new style of teacher-student relations
Zunshi aisheng zhanli xinxingde shisheng guanxi (尊师爱生站立新型的师生关系)
Call nr.: BG E15/51 (Landsberger collection)
More? See: chineseposters.net
Bellevue Police Department, Washington photos. Check out the new homepage for the AJM STUDIOS Northwest Police Department! The old homepage is here. It does not get updated as often as the first link. 2010.
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Kamera: Nikon FM
Linse: Nikkor-S Auto 55mm f1.2 (1970)
Film: Rollei P&R 640 @ box speed
Kjemi: Rodinal (1:25 / 13:30 min. @ 20°C)
-Friday 23 February 2024: Even more countries speaking on the legality of Israel’s occupation of Palestine in the International Court of Justice in Den Haag today. Namibia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Indonesia, Qatar, United Kingdom, Slovenia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria and Tunisia.
I have to say, the UK’s presentation was just abhorrent.
Instead of focusing on that, today I would like to highlight and remark on the supreme eloquence of Pakistan and also the strong and morally impressive presentation by Namibia.
I also want to share a personal note. If you did not see yesterday’s presentations in Den Haag, then you should see - and feel - the most emotional address to the court by Ali Ahmad Ebraheem S. Al-Dafiri of Kuwait.
Yesterday, I too held a lecture but for international students; touching on the german occupation of Norway. As I was lecturing, even I could feel it when I was mentioning that during the 5 years of nazi occupion that we had to endure, Norway suffered ’only’ 12.000 war-related deaths - 600 of whom were jews. Compare that to the 57 years Palestine has endured Israeli occupation and the 30.000 Palestinians that Israel has killed in Gaza in the last 4 months alone.
I was really struggling to keep my composure at this point.
International Court of Justice: Day 5 hearing on the legal consequences of Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories (publ. 23 February 2024) [Video]
International Court of Justice: Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem [Transcripts and Documents]
Mr AL-DAFIRI: [KUWAIT] (22 February 2024)
I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
1. Mr President, honourable Members of the Court, it is a great honour to appear before you as the Agent of the State of Kuwait in these proceedings. Kuwait deeply appreciates the extraordinary efforts taken by the Court to allow this hearing to proceed smoothly, in light of the great number of participants. The current advisory proceedings are of extreme importance to the Palestinian people, Kuwait, the international legal order and the international community as a whole.
2. Kuwait has always advocated that peace fosters the observance of law and vice versa. Adherence to the UnitedNations Charter is an indispensable prerequisite for the definitive establishment of international peace. Indeed, peaceful relations are founded on accepted rules and as such, peaceful relations among States are based on the provisions of the United Nations Charter. These include, notably, the principle of non-use of force and the peaceful settlement of disputes. These rules apply to all States. Respect for these fundamental rules contributes to the consolidation of international peace.
3. Regrettably, the above-mentioned foundational rules have not been upheld in the case of Palestine. The conflict between Palestine and Israel, hereafter referred to as the “occupying Power”, is an illegal occupation conflict, involving on one side an occupying Power equipped with all military means, and on the other side an occupied nation without defensive capabilities, facing daily expulsion, human rights violations and all sufferings associated with any occupation situation.
4. Over the past decades, the situation between the Palestinians and the occupying Power has been extremely tense, resulting in serious human rights law and humanitarian law violations committed by the latter. Various intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations have documented these violations by publishing comprehensive reports. This climate of violence compromises any possibility of reasonably discussing the issues at stake. This is further exacerbated by the recent developments in Gaza. The occupying Power has waged an illegitimate war on the Palestinians in Gaza characterized by numerous international law violations. The ongoing flagrant violations have been highlighted in a series of statements issued, amongst others, by the United Nations Secretary-General, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Special Procedures of the United Nations Human Rights Council.
5. The unprecedented violence in Gaza is a result of 57 years of illegal occupation of the Palestinian territories and it must stop.
The late Emir of the State of Kuwait, His Highness Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (1929-2020) summarized this situation in 2018 by stating:
“We ask the whole world, why the Palestinian people plight continues? Why do we ignore and do not implement Security Council resolutions? Why is the international community incapable of resolving this cause? Why does the victim continue to be portrayed as the killer according to Israel’s norms? Why does Israel always escape punishment? Why have all these souls been lost amid absence of the world conscience?”
6. Mr President, distinguished Members of the Court, it is in this context that Kuwait appears for the first time before the Court, following the adoption by the United Nations General Assembly of resolution 77/247, requesting the Court to deliver an advisory opinion on two legal questions. The first question asks the Court to evaluate the legality of the occupying Power’s specific policies and actions within its occupation of the Palestinian territories, while seeking the Court’s determination of the corresponding legal ramifications. The second question addresses a core issue: has the occupation become illegal? Kuwait will demonstrate the illegality of this occupation, underscoring the necessity of its cessation.
7. Mr President, honourable Members of the Court, my distinguished colleagues will now address these issues in greater depth.
[…]
The PRESIDENT: I shall now give the floor to the representative of Namibia, Honourable Ms Yvonne Dausab. You have the floor, Madam.
Ms DAUSAB: [NAMIBIA] (23 February 2024)
1. Mr President, Madam Vice-President, Members of the Court, it is a special honour to appear before you today on behalf of the Republic of Namibia.
2. With your kind indulgence, I wish to first pay tribute to our late president Dr Hage Geingob (1941-2024), who passed away on 4 February 2024 and will be laid to rest this weekend. President Geingob was a key figure in our struggle for independence. He was a committed anti-apartheid and anti-colonial freedom fighter, who stood up against injustice and oppression wherever it occurred. It is therefore fitting that, in one of his last public statements, he said that “[n]o peace-loving human being can ignore the carnage . . . waged against Palestinians in Gaza”.
3. President Geingob was the representative of the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO) and its petitioner to the United Nations from 1964 to 1971. It was during this period that the General Assembly condemned and declared “the policies of apartheid and racial discrimination” as a “crime against humanity”. Consequently, the General Assembly also appropriately terminated the Mandate in South West Africa.
4. Mr President, Members of the Court, I stand before you as a representative of a country where Germany brutally carried out the first genocide of the twentieth century against the Herero and the Nama peoples. A country that has known only too well the pain and suffering of occupation, colonialism, systematic discrimination, apartheid, and their entrenched consequences. It is because of this history that Namibia considers it a moral duty and sacred responsibility to appear before this Court on the question of the indefensible occupation of Palestine by Israel.
5. The parallels between Namibia and Palestine are striking and painful. Both were integral parts of the mandate system established after World War I. And in both cases, the so-called “sacred trust of civilisation”, which aimed to guide these nations towards self-determination and independence, was utterly betrayed. Instead of achieving self-government, both Namibians and Palestinians suffered the loss of human dignity, life, liberty and the outright theft of their land and natural resources. Hundreds of thousands of their people were violently expelled from their homes or forced into exile, joining the ranks of the world’s refugees.
6. Upon the dissolution of the League of Nations in 1946, the white minority South African régime refused to place Namibia (then South West Africa) under the United Nations Trusteeship and sought to illegally annex our territory as a fifth province, implementing racist homeland policies and apartheid laws targeting Black Africans.
7. Today, Palestinians have had to endure the seizure of their land and property, illegal settlements, unlawful killings, forced displacement, drastic movement restrictions, the denial of refugees’ right to return and of equal nationality and citizenship. The lived reality of the people of Palestine evokes painful memories for many Namibians of my generation. Namibians still experience the entrenched and structural impact of inequality, as a direct consequence of colonialism and the prolonged unlawful occupation.
8. Mr President, Members of the Court, this Court’s four Advisory Opinions on South West Africa played a vital role in our liberation struggle. In its 1971 Opinion, the Court confirmed the right of self-determination as a legal imperative with decisive consequences for States, paving the way for our independence 19 years later in 1990.
9. It is because of Namibia’s experience with apartheid and its long fight for self-determination that we cannot look the other way in the face of the brutal atrocities committed against the Palestinian people.
10. Mr President, Members of the Court, we ask you not to look away, either. Rather, we appeal to you: once again, end a historic and ongoing injustice by upholding the fundamental rights of a dispossessed people who have endured 57 years of a suffocating occupation. Today, Palestinians are enduring collective punishment in the besieged Gaza Strip, with civilians being killed in continuous and indiscriminate bombardments at a scale that is unprecedented in recent history. This state of affairs — this “hell on earth” — represents a stain on the collective conscience of the world.
11. Civilized nations cannot, and must not, accept images of children covered in blood with gaping wounds; of men and women crying in despair because of the helplessness they feel.
12. However, in the midst of the ongoing tragedy, I wish to say the following to the people of Palestine: this advisory opinion is an important moment in your long fight for independence. And I leave you with the words of our Founding President and Father of the Namibian Nation, Dr Sam Nujoma (b. 1929): “a people united, striving to achieve a common good for all members of society will always emerge victorious.”
13. Mr President, Members of the Court, I thank you, and I now respectfully ask that Professor Phoebe Okowa be called to address the legal questions before the Court.
The PRESIDENT: I thank Ms Dausab. I now give the floor to Professor Phoebe Okowa. You have the floor, Professor.
Ms OKOWA: [NAMIBIA] (23 February 2024)
I. INTRODUCTION
1. Mr President, Madam Vice-President, Members of the Court, it is a great honour for me to appear before you in these proceedings, and a special privilege to do so on behalf of the Republic of Namibia. Our presentation is in three parts.
2. First, I will make two general observations on why the Court should answer the request in its entirety, and why Israel’s occupation is illegal.
3. Then, I will focus on Israel’s policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory that grossly violate its obligations under international law, specifically the prohibition of apartheid and racial discrimination, and the principle of self-determination.
4. Finally, I will address the legal consequences that arise for Israel, for third States and for the United Nations on account of these violations.
A. The Court can and should answer the request in its entirety
5. As a threshold matter, Namibia reiterates, as do the overwhelming majority of States in these proceedings, that the Court has jurisdiction to render the requested advisory opinion, and that there are no compelling reasons for the Court to decline the request.
B. Israel’s occupation is illegal under international law
6. Namibia notes that there is also wide consensus among the participants on “the legal status of the occupation”. Namibia makes only four brief observations.
7. First, in so far as the law of occupation envisages any belligerent occupation as a temporary measure, immediately following military operations, Israel’s prolonged— or permanent— occupation breaches the law of occupation. It is a de facto annexation in all but name.
8. Second, Israel’s occupation, in and of itself, is unlawful under general international law. This is because it violates the Charter of the United Nations and peremptory norms; specifically, the prohibition on territorial acquisitions through illegal use of force, the principle of self-determination, and the prohibition of apartheid.
10. Finally, the continuation of the illegal occupation does not absolve Israel of its obligations and responsibilities under international law. This is consistent with your own conclusions in the Namibia Advisory Opinion that “[p]hysical control of a territory, and not sovereignty or legitimacy of title, is the basis of State liability for acts affecting other States”.
II. ISRAEL’S POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY VIOLATE THE PROHIBITION OF APARTHEID AND THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-DETERMINATION
A. Israel is bound by the prohibition of apartheid under international law
11. In both its written and oral submissions, Namibia focuses on the prohibition of apartheid and of racial discrimination. This is, in part, on account of Namibia’s history, as one of the few countries that were subjected to this egregious form of systematic and institutionalized racial discrimination.
12. We also do so on account of the fundamental importance of the Court’s 1971 Namibia Opinion, where this Court declared that the policies of apartheid “constitute a denial of fundamental human rights” and are “a flagrant violation of the purposes and principles of the [United Nations] Charter”.
13. But above all, we do this because, notwithstanding the egregious nature of apartheid — as a State delict, as a violation of a peremptory norm and as a crime — it has received virtually no clarification beyond the specific circumstances of southern Africa. An advisory opinion on threshold questions of apartheid will therefore assist the General Assembly in respect of its own action, in identifying the key elements of the illegality and in formulating appropriate responses to Israel’s discriminatory practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
14. Specifically, we invite the Court to clarify three aspects of the obligation.
15. First, we respectfully ask the Court to make it clear that the prohibition of apartheid is not limited to southern Africa in the last century. It extends to Israel’s policies in the Occupied Palestinian Territory today. Article 3 of CERD places all States parties, including Israel, under an obligation to prevent, prohibit and eradicate apartheid “in territories under their jurisdiction”. This is also the conclusion of the CERD Committee. The 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, negotiated after the end of apartheid in South Africa, also recognized apartheid as a crime against humanity without temporal or geographical restriction16.
16. Second, the Court should also confirm that the prohibition of apartheid binds all States as a peremptory norm. In your decision in the case under CERD brought by Qatar against United Arab Emirates, you acknowledged the “universal character [of CERD] is confirmed by the fact that 182 States are parties to it”. The International Law Commission and its Special Rapporteur on jus cogens (as Judge Tladi then was) have also expressly recognized the peremptory character of the prohibition of apartheid.
17. Finally, Namibia invites the Court to clarify the definition of apartheid. Namibia aligns itself with other participants that the definition in Article 2 of the Apartheid Convention incorporates the three key elements of the delict under international law.
18. First, the State must engage in one or more “inhuman acts”. Crucially, these take the form of violations of fundamental human rights within an institutionalized framework of systematic oppression and domination.
19. Second, these inhuman acts must be directed against a “racial group” or its members.
20. Finally, the State must commit these inhuman acts “for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination” by one racial group over the other and “systematically oppressing them”.
B. Israel’s policies and practices constitute apartheid
21. Other participants have already made extensive statements on the discriminatory and inhuman acts carried out against the Palestinians as a racial group. These policies and practices are too many to enumerate in the time available. They include laws that discriminate in matters of citizenship, ownership and transfer of property, and freedom of movement. The systematic and excessive use of force against Palestinian civilians, the arbitrary killings and mass incarceration of Palestinians, including children; the illegal settlements; the discriminatory residency regulations; and, crucially, the denial of a Palestinian identity by refusing to recognize them as a people with a right to determine their own political destiny and to pursue social, economic and cultural development.
22. Namibia’s submission will focus on the final requirement: the purpose of establishing, maintaining domination and systematic oppression.
First, the term “domination” signifies a pervasive, all-encompassing, serious form of control over a group.
Second, “oppression” implies prolonged cruelty, reflecting a sustained violation of human rights.
Third, “systematic” implies the organized nature of violent acts and the improbability of their random occurrence.
23. Namibia shares the view of other participants that Israel’s policies and practices meet the evidentiary standard for establishing the State delict of apartheid. The Israeli Government’s openly articulated aim is to ensure Jewish Israeli control of all facets of Palestinian life, as evidenced by legislation affirming Israel as the nation State of the Jewish people, with unique self-determination rights reserved for Jewish individuals only.
24. It is clear from all the available evidence that these discriminatory practices are not accidental or fortuitous but are designed for the specific purpose of privileging Jewish Israelis over Palestinians. The fact that the practices in question may have other collateral objectives, such as maintaining security, is irrelevant. It will suffice if the primary motive is discriminatory, even if it also serves ancillary purposes.
C. Israel’s apartheid practices violate the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination
25. It follows in Namibia’s submission that Israel’s policies and practices are inconsistent with the prohibition of apartheid as a State delict under international law. Furthermore, these discriminatory practices, in the context of prolonged occupation of the Palestinian territories, violate the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination.
26. As other Participants have highlighted, these discriminatory policies and practices are directed at fragmenting the Palestinian people. These elaborate systems of administrative controls undermine group cohesiveness by dividing the Palestinian people into a number of administrative “domains” or groups, with varying degrees of rights. This strategic fragmentation of the Occupied Palestinian Territory into Bantustans makes Palestinian life burdensome and in many cases unbearable, forcing them to leave their homes.
27. Perhaps the epitome of discriminatory laws negating the Palestinian right of self-determination is the 2018 Basic Law, passed with constitutional status, which boldly declares that Israel is the nation of the Jewish people and that Jewish settlement is a national value.
III. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ISRAEL’S VIOLATIONS OF ITS OBLIGATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
28. I will now turn to the final part of my submission. I will first examine the legal consequences of Israel’s violations, irrespective of the status of the occupation. Second, I will examine the legal consequences arising out of the illegal status of the occupation.
A. Legal consequences of Israel’s violations of its obligations under international law
29. First, Israel must bear consequences for its violations. This is the most elementary requirement of the law on State responsibility. As others in these proceedings have highlighted, this includes the obligations of cessation and the duty to make reparation for more than five decades of harms inflicted on the Palestinian people.
30. The Government of Israel has a legal duty to dismantle all the vestiges of systematic racial discrimination and oppression that permeates all aspects of Palestinian life in the occupied territories.
31. As the State of Palestine itself said on Monday, Israel must bring to an end the annexation of Palestinian land, dismantle existing settlements and recognize the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination in a viable State of their own.
32. Second, States are under an obligation not to recognize Israel’s breaches of peremptory norms of general international law vis-à-vis the Palestinian people. At the same time, the obligation of non-recognition is matched by a parallel and positive duty of recognition — of the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination realized through a viable and independent State of Palestine.
33. Here we ask the Court to pay particular attention to the historical context of these proceedings. Admission to the United Nations, unlike the League of Nations, was not automatic. It was conditioned on the State accepting to uphold the values and principles contained in the Charter, including self-determination. The admission of Israel was no exception.
34. In the Wall Opinion, you observed that when Israel proclaimed its independence, it did so “on the strength of” the partition plan resolution of the General Assembly. As is well known, that plan envisaged two States, one Arab and one Jewish. The Israeli Declaration of Independence makes this plain, by recognizing “the natural right of the Jewish people to be masters of their own fate, like all other nations, in their own sovereign State”. If that logic applied to the self-determination and statehood of the Jewish people, it must by the same token also apply to the self-determination and statehood of the Palestinian people.
35. We further ask the Court to consider whether there may be circumstances where political discretion in matters of recognition gives way to a positive duty of recognition, especially when it is necessary to safeguard a peremptory norm. And here, Namibia aligns itself with Jordan’s Written Submission that all States are also under an obligation to recognize the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, including by exercising that right within a viable and independent State of Palestine.
B. Legal consequences of Israel’s illegal occupation
36. Since Israel’s policies and practices violate peremptory norms of international law, the occupation itself is unlawful. This entails consequences for Israel, for third States and, for the United Nations.
37. In the Namibia Opinion, you already set out the legal consequences of unlawful occupation. There, you said that, once the Court is faced with an illegal situation, “it would be failing in the discharge of its judicial functions if it did not declare that there is an obligation, especially upon Members of the United Nations, to bring that situation to an end.”
38. In that Opinion, you recognized the clear obligation on South Africa to put an end to the illegal occupation and withdraw its administration from the territory. The same consequences must of necessity attach to the illegal occupation by Israel of the Palestinian territories.
39. Cessation cannot be contingent on external factors such as the successful outcome of negotiations, as pointed out by some participants in these proceedings. A withdrawal contingent on the outcome of political negotiations effectively gives Israel a veto over the future of the Palestinian people.
40. Namibia invites the Court to set a strict time-limit within which Israel must be asked by the General Assembly to bring the occupation to an end, without conditions. Failure to set a strict time-limit has the perverse effect of being treated as acquiescence in the present occupation, and permission for it to continue indefinitely.
41. Of course, Israel has defied this Court and ultimatums issued by the United Nations organs many times. But it is precisely for this kind of egregious violations of peremptory norms that a régime of countermeasures was contemplated in the now widely accepted International Law Commission’s draft Articles on State Responsibility. Equality before the law is a cardinal principle of the Charter of the United Nations. No State — not Israel — should be exempt from the comprehensive régime of sanctions.
42. Moreover, Namibia reaffirms the position held by the majority of participants that all States are under an obligation not to recognize, assist, support, or contribute to the continuation of the unlawful occupation. This is also in line with your own settled jurisprudence.
43. In the Wall Opinion, you confirmed that the obligations of third States include the “obligation not to render aid or assistance in maintaining the [illegal] situation”. That all States must refrain from all forms of assistance, including transfer of arms, and political support that de facto perpetuates the occupation.
44. In Namibia’s view, this means, in particular, that all States are under an obligation to ensure that companies under their jurisdiction or control do not trade in Israeli goods or with Israeli companies originating from or linked to Israel’s illegal occupation.
45. Mr President, Members of the Court, I thank you for your kind attention. This concludes Namibia’s oral submissions. Thank you.
[…]
The Court adjourned from 11.20 a.m. to 11.40 a.m.
The PRESIDENT: Please be seated. The sitting is resumed. I now call upon the delegation of Pakistan to address the Court and invite His Excellency Mr Ahmed Irfan Aslam to take the floor.
Mr ASLAM: [PAKISTAN] (23 February 2024)
PART I
1. INTRODUCTION
1. Mr President, Members of the Court, it is an honour to appear before you on behalf of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in these most important of proceedings. These proceedings take place as a whole people struggle to survive through relentless bombardment, the very people who have endured daily persecution for over half a century. And yet, these proceedings inspire hope. They inspire hope because they present an opportunity. They afford this Court an opportunity to develop jurisprudence to advance essential principles of international law that preserves and advances the very basic human right of liberty and dignity.
2. Pakistan has always been a defender of the Palestinian people and their right to self-determination. It was Pakistan that proposed the General Assembly’s first resolution, on the first day of the Six-Day War, relating to Israel’s invasion of Jerusalem and the measures taken by Israel to change the status of the city. Since then, Pakistan has continued to engage on these important questions of international justice and it remains committed to contribute and play its part.
3. Against this background, I will deal initially with five points and then make some technical legal arguments that Pakistan considers to be of particular importance in these proceedings. First, the question of self-determination. Second, the question of occupation and annexation. Third, systematic racial discrimination and apartheid. Fourth, the question of the City of Jerusalem and its holy places, and finally, the two-State solution.
2. SELF-DETERMINATION
4. Mr President, Members of the Court, I come to my first point. The Palestinian people have, as the Court itself has recognized, the right to self-determination. This right, which is codified in the two United Nations Human Rights Conventions, is “one of the essential principles of contemporary international law”. All States have a legal interest in protecting that right, which has the status of jus cogens. Israeli measures that severely impede the exercise by the Palestinian people of the right to self-determination are in breach of Israel’s obligations to respect that right. Pakistan strongly believes in the inherent right of people to live freely and in the justice of struggle for freedom from alien subjugation under the right of self-determination.
3. OCCUPATION AND ANNEXATION
5. I turn to my second point: the question of Israel’s occupation and annexation. It has always been the position of the United Nations that it “cannot condone a change in the status juris resulting from military action contrary to the provisions of the Charter. The Organization must, therefore, maintain that the status juris existing prior to such military action be re-established by a withdrawal of troops, and by the relinquishment or nullification of rights asserted in territories covered by the military action”.
6. Thus, after the Six-Day War, the Security Council determined in resolution 242 (1967) that Israel must withdraw its armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict. In resolution 476 (1980), the Security Council reaffirmed “the overriding necessity for ending the prolonged occupation of Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967”.
7. Israel’s occupation is no longer, if it ever was, a military occupation; it is annexation. In East Jerusalem, the annexation is de jure; in the rest of the territory, it is de facto. But the formal characterization matters little. To use the words of the Court in the Wall case, the occupation is today, “notwithstanding the formal characterization . . . tantamount to de facto annexation”. This now applies to the entire territory. This may have been the intention all along. Prime Minister Ben-Gurion affirmed in 1950 that “the Israeli Empire must comprise all the territories between the Nile and the Euphrates”, and this was to be achieved as much by invasion as by diplomacy. More recently, Prime Minister Netanyahu has declared that his Government will be “applying Israeli sovereignty over all the communities formed through the transfer of Israeli settlers and not one residential community will be uprooted”.
8. Through its settlement policy, Israel has sought to create “irreversible facts on the ground”. It has aimed to create physical facts which in practical terms make it as difficult as possible to bring an end to its prolonged occupation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Notwithstanding, the Security Council has reaffirmed that the settlements constitute “a flagrant violation under international law”.
9. As this Court said in the Namibia case: “A binding determination made by a competent organ of the United Nations to the effect that a situation is illegal cannot remain without consequence.” As in that case, in answering the legal questions now referred to it, the Court is not concerned with the question of what practical steps would be required to cease the occupation.
10. It is worth recalling, however, that even greater practical issues have been overcome in other contexts, such as when the French Government withdrew a million settlers from Algeria in 1962. The French settlers were more numerous than the Israeli settlers in the West Bank and East Jerusalem taken together. France’s settlements in Algeria were not only more numerous: they were also “far older and better established than Israel’s West Bank colonies”.
4. SYSTEMATIC RACIAL DISCRIMINATION AND APARTHEID
11. I come to my third point, regarding systematic racial discrimination. Israel’s policies and practices amount to systematic racial discrimination and apartheid. Israel has imposed a system of racial discrimination against the Palestinian people since 1967. It is a system that distinguishes - deliberately and systematically — along ethnic and religious lines between the Palestinian population and Jewish Israeli settlers illegally transferred into the territory. The purpose of domination and oppression may be inferred from Israel’s pattern of conduct against the Palestinians.
5. THE HOLY CITY OF JERUSALEM AND ITS HOLY PLACES
12. I turn to my fourth point: Jerusalem and its holy places. The Holy City of Jerusalem is unique in that it is sacred to all three Abrahamic religions. Under the historic status quo, it is the right of Christian, Jewish and Muslim communities freely to access and worship at their holy places in the city. Ottoman decrees set out these rights in the nineteenth century. The régime was later confirmed in multilateral and bilateral instruments. The historic status quo has today developed into a so-called “objective régime”, which captures the point that it is characterized by a permanence which the instruments that established it do not themselves necessarily enjoy. Every State interested therefore has the right to insist upon compliance with this régime.
13. Under Israel’s prolonged occupation, Christians have not been free to access or worship in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and Muslims have not been free to access or worship at Haram al-Sharif and in the Al Aqsa Mosque, to name only some prominent sites. The rights under the historic status quo must immediately be restored. This issue is of great importance to Pakistan, which is home to the second largest Muslim population in the world.
6. THE TWO-STATE SOLUTION
14. And now I come to my final point of the first part of my statement. Pakistan believes that the two-State solution must be the basis for peace. In the Wall case, this Court observed that the two-State solution was to be encouraged
“with a view to achieving as soon as possible, on the basis of international law, a negotiated solution to the outstanding problems and the establishment of a Palestinian State, existing side by side with Israel and its other neighbours, with peace and security for all in the region”.
Pakistan supports this call.
15. On 26 October 2023, Pakistan was pleased to vote in favour of the General Assembly resolution which reaffirmed that: “a just and lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can only be achieved . . . in accordance with international law, and on the basis of the two-State solution”. Two months later, on 22 December 2023, the Security Council reiterated its unwavering commitment to the vision of the two States, consistent with international law and relevant United Nations resolutions.
16. And these— and numerous other— resolutions by the political organs of the United Nations make clear, a two-State solution, and negotiations leading to it, must be consistent with international law. “Negotiations”, Judge Al-Khasawneh of this Court observed in the Wall case, “are a means to an end and cannot in themselves replace that end”. He continued to say that the discharge of fundamental international obligations cannot be made conditional upon negotiations.
17. In this regard, the Court’s advisory opinion in these proceedings will be most important. Far from impeding negotiations and the achievement of a just and lasting two States, the Court’s advisory opinion will further assist such efforts, by making it possible for the parties to make progress on the sound basis of international law and international legitimacy.
PART II
ISRAEL CANNOT BE ALLOWED TO BENEFIT FROM ITS OWN WRONGS
18. Mr President, Members of the Court, I now turn to more technical legal arguments of my submissions.
19. The Court has heard various competing submissions this week with respect to question (b) of the request, but there can be little doubt as to the central importance of three matters:
(a) First, the role of the rules on the use of force in governing the unlawfulness of a given occupation itself.
(b) Second, the series of General Assembly and Security Council resolutions that have consistently and expressly called for Israel’s withdrawal and referred to “the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war”, which is a corollary of those rules.
(c) Third, the Court’s Advisory Opinion on Namibia is a helpful reference point for the Court.
20. Pakistan hopes to assist the Court by suggesting a slightly different way of looking at things, which leads to the conclusion that Israel’s occupation is unlawful and unlawfulness must have consequences.
A. The principle that no State can profit from its own wrong
21. In this respect, Pakistan considers that a useful touchstone for the Court is the general principle that no State can benefit from its own wrong.
22. As Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice (1901-1982) explained:
“The general principle is that States cannot profit from their own wrong . . . and similarly that rights and benefits cannot be derived from wrong-doing. This admits of no doubt. It is a wide general principle having many diverse applications under international law . . . of course these principles apply not merely as regards treaty obligations but to general international law obligations also.”
23. Notably, in the Wall case, Israel accepted that this principle is “as relevant in advisory opinions as it is in contentious cases”. The principle is particularly important where, as here, the wrongs at issue are of the most serious kind.
B. The principle in the context of the applicable law
24. Second, the principle in the context of applicable law. This principle is one of the underpinnings of the prohibition on the acquisition of territory either by force or through the denial of self-determination. The wrongs are obvious and no benefit in terms of lawful possession or a legal entitlement to administer the territory could be derived.
25. As to this case, if the Court agrees with Pakistan and with many other States that Israel is in continued breach of these fundamental primary obligations, it cannot allow Israel to benefit from its own ongoing wrongs by somehow avoiding the natural consequences that must follow under this law of State responsibility. These include the obligations of cessation and non-repetition which require immediate and unconditional withdrawal, as well as the obligations of non-recognition and non-assistance for all other States.
26. As to the applicable primary rules, it is customary international law and the Charter that govern the illegality of a given occupation at any point in time. As a separate matter, international humanitarian law governs the conduct of an occupying Power with respect to the occupied population.
27. But if the occupation itself is unlawful, that carries legal consequences for Israel and for all States under the secondary rules of State responsibility. Those legal consequences are in no way displaced by separate consideration of the lawfulness under international humanitarian law of particular conduct in the course of the occupation, much less by hope for a negotiated solution. Any other approach would effectively permit Israel to benefit from its own wrongdoing.
28. For the same reason, there is no scope for an argument that other States, in their dealings with respect to Israel or the Occupied Palestinian Territory, could somehow put to one side the question of the unlawfulness of the occupation itself. They could not, for example, elect instead to focus exclusively on the different questions of whether specific Israeli measures were absolutely necessary to meet legitimate security requirements such that those measures are not unlawful under international humanitarian law.
C. The principle in the context of the Namibia Advisory Opinion
29. Mr President, Members of the Court, any conclusion could not be reconciled with the Court’s Opinion on Namibia. There are certain clear parallels with the present case. The General Assembly had condemned South Africa’s occupation of Namibia, characterizing this as an “occupation” that engaged the Geneva Conventions, and the Security Council had expressly called for South Africa’s withdrawal.
30. In a later resolution, after condemning South Africa’s non-compliance with the earlier resolutions, the Security Council had also declared that “the continued presence of the South African authorities in Namibia is illegal”. This is to be understood as a reference to illegality under the rules on the use of force. Notably, the United States voted in favour of this resolution. With respect to Palestine, however, it now appears to wish to limit those rules to governing the lawfulness of “the initial resort to force” “leading to an occupation” only. Of course, that could not be correct, including because it would allow an aggressor to benefit from an ongoing attempt to acquire territory through annexation.
31. Indeed, in its 1971 Advisory Opinion, the Court itself concluded that, “the continued presence of South Africa in Namibia [is] illegal”. The Court held that South Africa was under an obligation to withdraw immediately and that all States were under an obligation to recognize the illegality of the occupation.
32. In reaching this conclusion, the Court found that South Africa’s application of the apartheid régime to occupied territories amounted to disowning the Mandate. In this connection, the Court relied on a context specific expression of the general principle that no State can benefit from its own wrong, stating “[o]ne of the fundamental principles governing the international relationship thus established is that a party which disowns or does not fulfil its own obligations cannot be recognized as retaining the rights which it claims to derive from the relationship”.
33. South Africa had claimed it had an independent right to administer the territory by reason of its “long occupation”. Evidently, the Court disagreed. Three points follow from this.
34. First, the Court in Namibia case implicitly recognized that neither the fact of an occupation nor the law of occupation confer upon the occupying Power any legal entitlement to administer the territory. Any contrary view would allow an occupying Power to benefit from its unlawful use of force.
35. Second, the Court made a positive finding that South Africa’s occupation was unlawful. In Namibia, there was a binding Security Council decision to that effect. The Security Council has made no such Security Council decision with respect to Palestine. But this in no way displaces or impedes the Court’s judicial function in determining this legal question for itself.
36. Third, the Court plainly did not consider that South Africa’s continued status as an occupying Power made any difference.
37. As Judge Greenwood has explained, the basic position under the law of occupation is that an occupying Power has the “liberty to govern within certain limits without being guilty of a violation of the ius in bello”. The occupying Power is required to administer the territory as a temporary conservator or trustee for the benefit of the occupied population. Acting in that capacity, the occupying Power has certain liberties to take measures in good faith in the best interests of the occupied population or, where absolutely necessary, to meet its own legitimate security interests. This, of course, is a separate question to the unlawfulness of the occupation itself.
38. As to the position under the law of occupation, again, it is helpful to recall the Namibia case. The Court’s context specific expression of the principle was that “a party which disowns or does not fulfil its own obligations cannot be recognized as retaining the rights which it claims to derive from the relationship”. Pakistan considers that this has relevance when considering whether an occupying Power should be recognized as retaining liberties to administer the occupied territory. In this case, if one were to zoom in exclusively on Israel’s conduct as an occupying Power, the only conclusion could be that Israel has disowned its basic duties. Its policies and practices of occupation deny the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination and amount to systematic racial discrimination and serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights. Plainly, they cannot be said to be absolutely necessary to meet Israel’s own security interests. They serve Israel’s other interests, including its goal of acquiring the territory.
D. Conclusion
40. Mr President, Members of the Court. I conclude. With the general principle that no State can be benefit from its own wrong firmly in mind, it cannot be right that, as some States have suggested, the Court should refrain from finding that the occupation itself is unlawful or that there is no obligation to withdraw. This would be to allow Israel to profit from its own continued grave wrongs. And, to adopt the Court’s words in Namibia, the Court “would be failing in the discharge of its judicial functions”. Such abdication of responsibility would not encourage or facilitate the achievement of a negotiated solution on the basis of international law. More generally, the Court would be sending out a clear signal to other States that they too might be allowed to benefit through the prolonged unlawful occupation of the territory of another State.
41. Mr President, Members of the Court, these proceedings are a great moment in law, they are a great moment in history. We all have a collective opportunity to develop jurisprudence in a way that advances the cause of humanity. I wish you good luck in your deliberations. Thank you.
The PRESIDENT: I thank the delegation of Pakistan for its presentation.
New interchange under construction at Vegastaden in Haninge, on the motorway to Stockholm. All fenced in so I couldn't walk in for a better view. A lot have happened since I snapped a few photos here back in June. If you look at that snap, I shot this photo standing near the worker to the left.
Quito, 03 de octubre de 2016. El Canciller Guillaume Long junto al Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de la República Popular China, Wang Yi, fueron recibidos por el Presidente de la República Rafael Correa en el Palacio de Carondelet para mantener una audiencia especial donde tratarán varios temas respecto de la relación binacional que existe entre ambas naciones. Foto: Luis Astudillo C. / Cancillería
By respected Edinburgh practice James Dunn and James Finlay, 1899-1902. Huge Scots Renaissance block of tenements and shops, including the former printing works and offices of THE SCOTSMAN newspaper. 7 3-bay, 4-storey and attic blocks to North Bridge (covered for maintenance, left), one of 2 3-bay gabled and turreted 7-storey and attic to Market Street (where this is taken from) with a balustraded terrace leading from North Bridge level to a stair tower leading to Market Street. Coursed cream ashlar. Steeply gabled block to left with segmental-pedimented aedicule containing sculpture, flanked by stone-domed octagonal turrets; carved panel with SCOTSMAN masthead flanked by heraldic lions.
Following the widening of North Bridge, and the demolition of Halkerston's Wynd, Kinloch's Close, Carruber's Close, Milne's Square and the Poultry Market, the extensive site to the W of the Bridge was purchased from the City in 1898 by John Ritchie & Co, proprietors of the SCOTSMAN newspaper. Dunn and Findlay were commissioned to design a complex of buildings for the site, including offices and printing works for the newspaper, and commercial premises. The City Art Centre was also part of the complex.
James Leslie Findlay was the son of John Ritchie Findlay, proprietor of the SCOTSMAN. The Scotsman offices and printing works moved to No 20 North Bridge from their 1st purpose-built premises at 26-30 Cockburn Street (Peddie and Kinnear, 1860). The premises for the newspaper were both a prestigious building on a commanding site, opulently decorated both outside and in the public interiors, and a functional one. The building is steel-framed, with concrete-clad floors and brick-lined columns. It was equipped with Lanson pneumatic tubes, electric lighting and electric lifts. The flexible design of the building allowed it to remain in its original use for almost a century. It was converted to hotel use in 2000.
The figure of Peace in the aedicule on the N elevation is by Frederick Schenk, those of Mercury and those based on Michelangelo's Night and Day by Joseph Hayes.
This is a creative commons image, which you may freely use by linking to this page. Please respect the photographer and his work.
[This series may eventually contain 80-100 photos] On May 20, 2018, I headed into the Davis Mountains in west Texas, Jeff Davis County. With light from the sun, threatening dark skies, pastel tones on the mountains, a continually shifting landscape--all in all a remarkable journey. On Texas state route 17. Photos are arranged chronologically and geographically, although the exact locations of most shots are uncertain.
From Wikipedia:
" . . . the Davis Mountains are an irregular jumble of isolated peaks and ridges separated by flatter areas. The mountains occupy a rough square about 50 kilometers (31 mi) on each side. The mountains are of volcanic origin composed of strata associated with eruptions of the Trans-Pecos Texas volcanic field 35 million years ago. The highest peak in the Davis Mountains is Mount Livermore at 2,555 meters (8,383 ft) the fifth highest peak in Texas.
The Davis Mountains are a sky island, an isolated mountain range surrounded by desert. The town of Fort Davis at the foot of the Davis Mountains has an elevation of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). From that elevation the sky island rises to 2,555 metres (8,383 ft). As the elevation increases, average temperatures decline and precipitation increases permitting an "island" of forest and other mesic habitat at higher elevations.
The most common vegetation of the Davis Mountains is montane grassland, often mixed with scattered bushes and trees. As is common in most northern hemisphere semi-arid climates the vegetation on the southern slopes of the mountains is noticeably sparser than on the northern slopes. This is due to the greater exposure to the sun on southern slopes and, thus, warmer temperatures and drier soils." The article continues, stating that most of this area is privately owned. The town of Fort Davis with Fort Davis National Monument is at the base of the mountains. A well-known landmark is the McDonald Observatory
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_Mountains
A phenomenal collection of over 125,000 items (photos) relating to Davis Mountains and Fort Davis are at
texashistory.unt.edu/search/?q=davis+mountains&t=full...
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
Image created using the cool South Park character generator in response to Tony Blair's latest spin cycle.
(Unfortunately, the generator can't do a plumper Cartman...)
Geraldine Ogando (right) and Adi Levy, who are dentistry students in Panama, volunteered their time for the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes health clinic that was part of the Special Olympics Central American Games in April 2012.
No Fighting - No Drunkenness - No Drugs - No Drink Spiking - No Urinating in Public - No Harassment - No Threatening Behaviour - No Offensive Language - No Vandalism - No Under Age Drinking ... (seems they've covered all bases here) .... At Manly, NSW
Please respect copyright! All images are protected under UK copyright law and the Berne international copyright convention and are visibly and/or invisibly watermarked. No images are within the public domain. images may not be reproduced, copied, used or altered in any way, by any method, without written permission
©soundimageplus soundimageplus.blogspot.com/
canon 550D 85mm f1.8 lens
React, Respect, Intersect was created by two professional artists and a team of youth artists as part of the Groundswell Community Mural Project’s flagship Summer Leadership Institute (SLI). SLI teams spend seven weeks during working with artists and community-based organizations, learning job skills and creating public art throughout New York City. This mural depicts a utopian environment where vehicular traffic, pedestrians of all ages and abilities, bicyclists, skateboarders, and animals respectfully share the street. It focuses not only on traffic and pedestrian safety education, but also site-specific themes and cultural diversity.
The safety education focus of this mural was informed by workshops lead by NYCDOT Safety Education. The artists and youth artists researched safety issues near the mural site which influenced their final design. Speed of vehicular traffic, high levels of carbon dioxide in the air, and the need for all modes of transportation to respectfully share the streets are just a few of the themes beautifully integrated in to this mural.
NYCDOT Urban Art Program, Special Project
React, Respect, Intersect by Yana Dimitrova and Adam Kidder
Presented with NYCDOT Safety Education and Groundswell Community Mural Project
East 5th Street in Kensington, Brooklyn
Tripler Fisher House sponsers an 8k run aboard Ford Island to remember the fallen - Hero and Remembrance Run. There is a boot with an American Flag and the photo and name of every service member that lost their life in combat since 9/11. What an emotional sight to see thousands of boots lining the street. This run also brings awareness to the Army Fisher House. Here is a link to their site. www.fisherhouse.org/houses/house-locations/hawaii/tripler... The run is tomorrow at 7am.
These photos are in honor of those that have given the ultimate sacrifice for our Country.
#hawaii, #military, #fordisland, #fisherhouse,#remembrance, #heros, #juliethurstonphotography,#thankyou,#sacrifice,#ultimatesacrifice.
A member of the Ramstein Air Base Honor Guard lowers the flag during a retreat ceremony at the end of a duty day, Ramstein Air Base, Germany, June 26, 2009. Retreat ceremonies are performed every Friday at Ramstein Air Base. The host nation's flag is always the first to be lowered and folded during retreat out of respect.
React, Respect, Intersect was created by two professional artists and a team of youth artists as part of the Groundswell Community Mural Project’s flagship Summer Leadership Institute (SLI). SLI teams spend seven weeks during working with artists and community-based organizations, learning job skills and creating public art throughout New York City. This mural depicts a utopian environment where vehicular traffic, pedestrians of all ages and abilities, bicyclists, skateboarders, and animals respectfully share the street. It focuses not only on traffic and pedestrian safety education, but also site-specific themes and cultural diversity.
The safety education focus of this mural was informed by workshops lead by NYCDOT Safety Education. The artists and youth artists researched safety issues near the mural site which influenced their final design. Speed of vehicular traffic, high levels of carbon dioxide in the air, and the need for all modes of transportation to respectfully share the streets are just a few of the themes beautifully integrated in to this mural.
NYCDOT Urban Art Program, Special Project
React, Respect, Intersect by Yana Dimitrova and Adam Kidder
Presented with NYCDOT Safety Education and Groundswell Community Mural Project
East 5th Street in Kensington, Brooklyn
Just for the anecdote, the plant hold by the little girl has grown up from the samara that I found and shot in Paris a few weeks ago. You can check out the picture here : www.flickr.com/photos/nicolasblain/5477497316/
Heroes Monument & Surabaya Sepuluh November Museum
The warrior monument is located in Tembaan Street. It had built for the agenda of giving high respect to all warriors that had killed during big encounter to fight against ally army being hitchhiked by NICA, which wish to occupy Surabaya in 10 Novembers 1945. It is located in front of luxury Gubenur office. Besides as the big monument as high as 45 foot/feet, for the same purpose, in some famous places as battlefield at that time, have been made a heroic statue like Jayengrono garden (Red Bridge), Plaza Contong, in Tais Nasution street (Sharp-pointed Bamboo), Foreland and in Kombes Pol. M . Duriyat street.
The Heroes Monument is a warrior spirit symbol of “"arek-arek Suroboyo"” (Surabaya's People) in faced the colonist. This monument is located in front of East Java Governor Office. As cultural pledge building, this monument located in Pahlawan Street Surabaya and very strategic because resides in the downtown of Surabaya, encircled by the main road; Bubutan Street, Tembaan Street, and Kebon Rojo Street.
Heroes Monument is built in "overturn nail" form, seen have monumental philosophic value. This Heroes Monument have of 40,45 meters height or 45 yards, with diameter under 3,10 meters and diameter to 1,30 meters. At underside of the monument is decorated with ‘"Trisula" engraving pictorial, ‘"Cakra", ‘"Stamba" and ‘"Padma" as fire struggle symbol.
The first stone long had done by Ir. SOEKARNO the first RI President who consorted by Surabaya Mayor, Doel Arnowo in 10 Novembers 1951. One year later, the Heroes Monument had opened by Ir. SOEKARNO on 10 Novembers 1952 witnessed by Surabaya Mayor, R. Moestadjab Soemowidigdo, with the location of precise above the ex- building of Raad Van Justitie area or High Hall of Justice in colonization of Dutch, which at occupying of Japan era applied as Kempetai building or Japan military police.
In Japan government, this building is utilized as Japan Kempetai to judge, torture and arrested Indonesia combatants. By then, it was break a Surabaya encounter; this building mastered by Surabaya youngsters and become the center of the struggle. Finally, this building was breakdown because it had hit by ally artillery gunfire.
The gateway towards the Heroes Monument area, has built to looks like Bentar Temple, which is then called as Bentar Gateway. Bentar gate have of 4,5 meter height and 1,7 meter width, the gateway faced to south, which is the entrance and exit. From front of side, we can look around eight relieves that depict about the development of Surabaya city. Landing story of Tar-Tar army in Hujung Galuh, the development of Kalimas estuary as the Surabaya genesis.
Sepuluh Nopember Museum built to clarify the existence of Heroes Monument to study the network of 10 November 1945 encounter event in Surabaya. The museum building consisted of 2 floors that is floor 1 applied for 10 statue exhibition bunches symbolized the spirit of Surabaya people struggle and the oration social of Bung TOMO drama and encounter film that show of 10 Novembers 1945 struggle (electronic diorama) and space auditorium in second floor as exhibit weapon space, reproduction of documenter photographs and exhibition of Bung TOMO omission collection. Besides, there are two states diorama spaces that presents eight event that happened around of 10 November 1945 Surabaya encounter, complete with its narration.
More info: www.eastjava.com
An observation. ;-)
(Please read the notes! :-)
No awards or iconed group inviations, please. If you're interested in purchasing my image, please check my profile page for info.
I was lucky to be there on the independence day. The buzz around was just amazing. Delhi Police and the CRPF had made it a fortress among terror threats. Still I could see thousands of people right there without any fear. They were flying kites, eating chana chat, playing cricket, football right there at a single place. It was a mini India amid all the chaos. Loved it.
This is a photograph from the 3rd Annual Meath Spring Half Marathon and 10KM Road Races hosted by Bohermeen AC on the 2nd March 2014 at 12:00 at Bohermeen, Ardbraccan, Navan, Co. Meath, Ireland. This year's event included a 10KM race which replaced the 5KM event held on the previous years. This event has grown quickly in popularity over the past few years with this year's entry of 700 beating the previous race numbers of 680. This half marathon event is perfectly placed in the Irish running calendar as it provides runners of all levels and abilities an opportunity to test the half marathon distance in preparation for a Spring Marathon or as the first serious running goal of the New Year. Bohermeen AC is steeped in Irish athletics history since 1927 and it is this experience and exceptional community spirit and volunteering which has made this event today so successful. The very heavy rain that fell on the 10KM race and the begining of the Half Marathon did nothing to dampen the spirits of the participants. In fact, despite a head wind at certain parts of the course, this was a perfect day for road racing.
Our full set of photographs from today's event are available on Flickr at the following link http://www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157641717197563/. This set of photographs is mostly of the Half Marathon race but there are some from the 10KM event.
Don't forget to scroll down to see more information about the race and these photographs!
Event Management was provided by Irish Company PRECISION TIMING who provided electronic timing for both events. The results from today's events can be found on Precision Timing's website at this URL [www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer?v=%252Fen%252Fra...]
The Satellite Navigation Coordinates to Bohermeen are [53.650882,-6.77989] and is accessible using the M3, N2 and N52
The routing for the 2014 event has changed slightly from previous year. In 2014 the race starts about 100m away from the Bohermeen Club Race HQ [See Google StreetView in the direction of the imagery goo.gl/maps/rtj1X] and the race proceeds down the road towards Navan. Just before the 1st mile the race takes a right turn [see Google Streetview goo.gl/maps/iGrR0] which brings runners on the route of the famous Patrick Bell 5KM Road Race route held at Bohermeen every summer. Then the route turns slightly eastwards and this brings the race along a beautiful stretch of rural countryside road. This connects runners with the main loop [see Google StreetView goo.gl/maps/gLI1l] where the race follows the N51 towards Navan. The race must now complete this loop (which passes through the start area and past the finish) and then a full loop again before finishing in the Athletics track. The only hills to speak of in this course are on the the stretch where the race route crosses the M3 motorway (see Google Streetview - as of March 2014 their imagery is a little out of date for the M3 goo.gl/maps/tcdJX). The only major climb on the course must be tackled twice as the road rises up over the M3 Motorway. This comes at about the 5M and 11.5 Mile mark in the race.
Some useful links to other web-resources related to this race
Bohermeen AC Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/bohermeen.ac?fref=ts
2014 Spring Half Marathon Route: www.runningmap.com/?id=641747
2014 Spring Half Marathon 10KM Race Option Route: www.runningmap.com/?id=641752
Google Streetview of the Race Start: goo.gl/maps/rtj1X
Google Streetview of the Race Finish and Race Headquarters: goo.gl/maps/qVttR
Internet Homepage for the Spring Half Marathon [www.meathspringhalfmarathon.com/]
Results from 2013 from Precision Timing: www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer?v=%252Fen%252Fra...
Results from 2012 from Precision Timing: www.precisiontiming.net/result/racetimer?v=%252Fen%252Fra...
The Boards.ie Athletics Forum Thread For 2013 Race [www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2056785036&p...]
The Boards.ie Athletics Forum Thread For 2014 Race [www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057078579]
Photographs from previous events
Our Flickr Photograph set from the 2nd Spring Marathon 2013: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157632906920970/
Our Flickr set from the 1st Spring Marathon (2012) www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157629146137284/with...
Photographs from the 2013 event from our friend Paul Reilly [pjrphotography.zenfolio.com/p670974697]
We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.
This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
How can I get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Respect between the creation of nature and men, between life and death, between ancient history and youth...
This is a picture of the remains of the oldest free-standing stone building in the world, a massive prehistoric complex in Gozo, Malta. According to the legend, this gigantic temple was built in one night, by a giant woman, carrying the rocks on one arm, while holding her child on the other. The Ggantija temples date back from 3600 BC and are more than a thousand years older then the Gizeh piramides and even two thousand years older than Stonehenge.
17 April, 2011 : - - El Reef Classic Panamá, sexta etapa del Tour Latinoamericano 2011, finalizó hoy en Playa Venao con la justa victoria del costarricense Jair Pérez. Dominic Barona, Carlos Muñoz y Ronald Reyes se adueñaron de la categoría Damas, Junior y Longboard, respectivamente.
El nivel del ‘tico’ fue arrollador. Tras llegar a la final robándole el lugar en el último minuto al vigente Campeón Latinoamericano, Sebastián Alarcón, Jair demolió cada ola que surfeó frente al argentino Leandro Usuna. Uno tras otro se sucedieron palazos y cutbacks que lanzaban litros de agua hacia el cielo y, ante cada intento de Usuna por recuperar la punta, Pérez respondía con mayor radicalidad. Sumando más de 16 puntos en cada uno de los tres heats que corrió hoy, Jair se mostró imparable.
“Dios me mandó las olas. Puedes ser Kelly Slater, el mejor del mundo, pero, si las olas no se te dan, no hay nada que puedas hacer. Sin embargo esta vez lo visualicé, sabía que este torneo era para mí, nadie me lo iba a quitar”, aseguró Jair desde los hombros de sus compañeros, mientras por el parlante se aplaudía su actuación.
Pérez tuvo un torneo perfecto y no quiere parar. Ahora confía en estar presente en las próximas visitas del Tour a Centroamérica, iniciando por su propia casa, Costa Rica, y siguiendo con la Triple Corona Centroamericana que visitará El Salvador, Guatemala y Nicaragua en el mes de Agosto.
Tres al hilo para Dominic
Al igual que en la primera semifinal, la pelea en la final de damas se concentró entre Lisbeth Vindas y Dominic Barona. Sin embargo, en la final la situación se invirtió: si en semifinales fue la costarricense quien ganó, en la final la ecuatoriana fue quien se llevó el primer lugar. A pesar de ser Vindas quien logró la mejor ola de la serie, la ecuatoriana fue lo suficientemente inteligente para conseguir dos olas de puntaje importante y adueñarse del oro.
Dominic Barona ha cogido la sana costumbre de ganar cada ALAS en el que compite y es pura felicidad. “Estoy súper enfocada, mi meta fue siempre ganar un ALAS y ahora he ganado los tres últimos. Desde el mundial ISA de Perú (octubre de 2010) sentí que tenía el nivel pero no lo sacaba afuera, así que ahora entreno con todo para demostrar lo que soy capaz de hacer. Me siento feliz, en mi país todos están súper orgullosos de mí, desde que entré al ALAS todos me tratan tan bien que entro al agua sin la presión con la que entraba antes, esta es como una familia”, aseguró ‘Mimi’, quien es más líder que nunca y comienza a soñar con llevarse el Tour a casa. El tico Muñoz surfea como en casa
La final junior fue del nivel que todos esperaban. Las olas reventando al borde de la orilla eran perfectas para que los más jóvenes del Tour demostrasen que lo suyo es el surf innovador. A pesar que se sentía que cualquiera podía tomar el primer lugar en cualquier momento, la lucha arriba se concentró entre el brasilero Caue Wood y Carlos Muñoz.
Atacando con aéreos espectaculares como el ‘superman’ que realizó prácticamente sobre la arena, Muñoz se adueñó de la punta y buscó frenar a sus rivales: “Por dicha las olas vinieron e hice lo que sé hacer. Mis aéreos son fruto de la práctica, busco seguirle los pasos a los que veo evolucionando el surf. Luego traté de tener cerca a Caue para que no se me escapara y funcionó”, confesó el tico.
Su nivel hace verlo como fijo en su selección para los mundiales de este año, por lo que Carlos se ha tomado la misión en serio. “Estoy yendo a Estados Unidos a algunos campeonatos para entrenar con miras a los mundiales ISA de Perú (Junior) y Panamá (Open). Quiero representar a mi país lo mejor posible”, finalizó.
Ronald Reyes ratifica su liderato
Para los longboarders la situación fue más que complicada. Con la marea llena y las olas reventando muy cerca de la orilla, los competidores arriesgaron todo por el título. El venezolano Ronald Reyes fue el más hábil combinando lo clásico con lo radical y se ratificó como líder del Tour, “Tuve paciencia, no me fui a buscar las olas con los demás y gracias a Dios cogí dos buenos sets con lo que gané”, nos dijo.
Ronald se ha propuesto llegar en el longboard lo más lejos que pueda y apuesta por su deporte como pocos. Este año, aparte del ALAS, participa en el Tour Europeo y el Circuito ASP (razón por la cual parte mañana con rumbo a Asturias, España), además de formar parte de la selección nacional que participará próximamente en el Mundial ISA de Playa Venao, y apoya a su selección junior en su preparación para el mundial de Perú. “Nosotros hacemos el Tour para fomentar el longboard a nivel Latinoamericano. Esta es la raíz de la tabla corta, el sentimiento de lo clásico de hacer un ‘hang five’ es sabroso. Buscamos incentivar el deporte y generar el apoyo de la empresa privada”, señaló.
El Reef Classic Panamá 2011 es auspiciado por Reef, Gobierno de Panamá, Cerveza Corona y Súper Deportes.
Respect
Nellie and I visited the Spofford yesterday. Peace, contemplation and flags, and Nellie respectfully reserved her business for the woods. For more about this weekends weather challenges:
jeffnewcomerphotography.blogspot.com/2013/05/lemon-aid-fo...
My wife is my favorite Porn Star.
Wendy poses for her fans
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React, Respect, Intersect was created by two professional artists and a team of youth artists as part of the Groundswell Community Mural Project’s flagship Summer Leadership Institute (SLI). SLI teams spend seven weeks during working with artists and community-based organizations, learning job skills and creating public art throughout New York City. This mural depicts a utopian environment where vehicular traffic, pedestrians of all ages and abilities, bicyclists, skateboarders, and animals respectfully share the street. It focuses not only on traffic and pedestrian safety education, but also site-specific themes and cultural diversity.
The safety education focus of this mural was informed by workshops lead by NYCDOT Safety Education. The artists and youth artists researched safety issues near the mural site which influenced their final design. Speed of vehicular traffic, high levels of carbon dioxide in the air, and the need for all modes of transportation to respectfully share the streets are just a few of the themes beautifully integrated in to this mural.
NYCDOT Urban Art Program, Special Project
React, Respect, Intersect by Yana Dimitrova and Adam Kidder
Presented with NYCDOT Safety Education and Groundswell Community Mural Project
East 5th Street in Kensington, Brooklyn