View allAll Photos Tagged Respect
Even Rocky Bluewinkle doffed his cap for the National Anthem.
I took Chris and Sarah -- who are visiting us from the UK -- to a Carolina League (minor league) baseball game in Wilmington and our locals the "Wilmington Blue Rocks" played the "Myrtle Beach Pelicans" (from South Carolina).
The Blue Rocks won -- and we introduced Chris to American Baseball which he had never ever seen before. We had a great time and it was a GREAT night for baseball!
Please like my Facebook Artists page: entropic remnants photography on facebook Also, please visit the Entropic Remnants website, my Entropic Remnants blog, and my Entropic Remnants YouTube page -- THANKS!
Do not use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my permission.
© All rights reserved.
www.pbase.com/kilkenny_photo_society/Edward Dullard
A LINK TO MY GALLERY WITH THE KILKENNY PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
Danke für deinen Besuch! Thanks for visiting!
bitte beachte/ please respect Copyright © All rights reserved
The Discovery Museum is a science museum and local history museum situated in Blandford Square in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It displays many exhibits of local history, including the ship, Turbinia. It is managed by Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums.
History
The Discovery Museum started life in 1934 as the Municipal Museum of Science and Industry. The collections were housed in a temporary pavilion built for the 1929 North East Coast Exhibition in Exhibition Park, Newcastle.
The collections and displays grew for another forty years, until the temporary pavilion could no longer meet the museum's needs. In 1978, the museum was re-located to Blandford House, the former Co-operative Wholesale Society Headquarters for the Northern Region. Designed by Oliver, Leeson & Wood in 1899, the building had been the distribution centre for over 100 Co-op stores across the region, and contained extensive warehouse space and offices.
The museum was re-launched as Discovery Museum in 1993 at which time the Turbinia was moved from Exhibition Park. In 2004 the £13 million redevelopment of the museum was complete and the following year the venue attracted 450,000 visitors.
Exhibits
The museum includes Turbinia, the 104 feet 9 inches (31.93 m) ship built by Charles Algernon Parsons to test the advantages of using the steam turbine to power ships, which could go up to 34 knots (39 mph; 63 km/h). It houses the regimental museum for the Light Dragoons (and its antecedent regiments) and the Northumberland Hussars, exploring the human side of 200 years of life in the army. It is a "hands-on" museum designed to interest both children and adults. It also features examples of Joseph Swan's early lightbulbs which were invented on Tyneside.
Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.
Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.
Roman settlement
The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.
The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.
Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.
Anglo-Saxon development
The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.
Norman period
After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.
In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.
Middle Ages
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.
The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.
In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.
In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.
Religious houses
During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.
The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.
The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.
The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.
The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.
The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.
All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.
An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.
Tudor period
The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.
During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).
With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.
Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.
The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.
In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.
Stuart period
In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.
In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.
In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.
In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.
In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.
A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.
Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.
In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.
In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.
Eighteenth century
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.
In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.
In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.
Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.
The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.
In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.
Victorian period
Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.
In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.
In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.
In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.
In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.
Industrialisation
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.
Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:
George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.
George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.
Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.
William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.
The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:
Glassmaking
A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Locomotive manufacture
In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.
Shipbuilding
In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.
Armaments
In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.
Steam turbines
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.
Pottery
In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.
Expansion of the city
Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.
Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.
Twentieth century
In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.
During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.
In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.
Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.
As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.
In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.
As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.
Recent developments
Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.
Please respect copyright! All images are protected under UK copyright law and the Berne international copyright convention and are visibly and/or invisibly watermarked. No images are within the public domain. images may not be reproduced, copied, used or altered in any way, by any method, without written permission
©soundimageplus soundimageplus.blogspot.com/
Panasonic GH1 Zeiss 21mm f2.8 Biogon
© István Pénzes.
Please NOTE and RESPECT the copyright.
15th June 2014, Budapest, Hungary
Leica M9
Leica Super-Angulon 21mm 3,4
Stacja XIII: Jezus zdjęty z krzyża - Jesus is taken down from the cross (Deposition or Lamentation)
And when evening had come, Joseph of Arimathea, a respected member of the council, who was also himself looking for the kingdom of God, bought a linen shroud, and took the body of Jesus down from the Cross.
Mark. 15:42-43, 46
Stations of the Cross (or Way of the Cross; in Latin, Via Crucis; also called the Via Dolorosa or Way of Sorrows, or simply, The Way) is a series of artistic representations, very often sculptural, depicting Christ Carrying the Cross to his crucifixion in the final hours (or Passion) of Jesus before he died, and the devotions using that series to commemorate the Passion, often moving physically around a set of stations. The vast majority of Roman Catholic churches now contain such a series, typically placed at intervals along the side walls of the nave; in most churches these are small plaques with reliefs or paintings, simpler than most of the examples shown here. The tradition as chapel devotion began with St. Francis of Assisi and extended throughout the Roman Catholic Church in the medieval period. It is commonly observed in Lutheranism, and amongst the Anglo-Catholic wing of Anglicanism. It may be done at any time, but is most commonly done during the Season of Lent, especially on Good Friday and on Friday evenings during Lent.
These Stations of the Cross were created by Andrzej Pitynski in 2009.
National Shrine of Our Lady of Czestochowa - 654 Ferry Road in Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18901 - Google Map
© Copyright
Please respect my copyright. All my photographic images are copyright protected. All rights are reserved. Do not use, copy, manipulate or edit any of my photographs without my written permission. Don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without explicit permission.
If you want to use my photo for private/commercial use, please contact me.
Tropfest Opens In Sydney, Australia
Australian actor / director / producer John Polson will produce a multi-million dollar film tribute to Sydney in the last half of this year, with many of Australia’s best-known and respected Oscar award winners keen to get in on the action.
The news came to light today - open day of Tropfest Sydney.
Polson has confirmed a number of Aussie actors are signed for his 'ode to Sydney' - with the list said to contain Russell Crowe, Geoffrey Rush and Cate Blanchett.
"It won’t be a huge time investment, but in the end it will feel like some of Australia’s best talent got together and made a film, which can only be a great thing," Polson said.
"It will happen in the second half of 2012," said Polson. "It’s a film which is a series of short segments that are all set in Sydney that are made either by people who live in Sydney, who love Sydney or who are from Sydney."
"We’ve put together a dozen of the most exciting film names, certainly in Australia, but also around the world. It’s a pretty incredible list," Polson said. "I mean, look at the talent we have here - people either born here or living here - and yet no-one’s ever really tapped into that."
It was a big day for Polson, with his Tropfest opening - a celebration of 20 years of the iconic short film festival.
It's estimated that about 150,000 people saw the event live, with the Sydney leg taking place at The Domain, and the forecast of rain (which got heavier as the night went on) didn't appear to dip the crowd.
Recognized as the largest short film festival in the world, Tropfest is also praised for "its enormous contribution to the development of the Australian film industry by providing unique platforms for emerging filmmakers through its events and initiatives, and new and expanded audiences for their work."
Finalists...
KITCHEN SINK DRAMA
THE UNUSUAL SUSPECTS
THE MISTAKE
RGB
PHOTO BOOTH
ONE THING
MY CONSTELLATION
MIN MIN
MATCHBOX BROTHERS
LEMONADE STAND
JACK & LILY
“I’M FREE TO BE ME”
HOW MANY MORE DOCTORS DOES IT TAKE TO CHANGE A LIGHTBULB?
BOO!
ALICE’S BABY
Nicole Kidman Appears At Tropfest 2012...
Having flown back to Australia this past week with her family, Nicole Kidman stepped out for an appearance at the Tropfest 2012 short film festival in Sydney.
The 45-year-old actress was smiling a lot as she journey through the arrivals area, then onto the black carpet and beyond.
Websites
Tropfest (Australia)
Tropfest
Eva Rinaldi Photography Flickr
www.flickr.com/evarinaldiphotography
Eva Rinaldi Photography
Music News Australia
El total de participantes fue de 27 personas (12 hombres y 15 mujeres), de
edades comprendidas entre los 25 y los 50 años. El grupo estaba formado por
responsables políticos/as, técnicos/as de los distintos Ayuntamientos y la
Mancomunidad: presidente, gerente, dinamizadores/as deportivos/as y
socioculturales, representando así a los diferentes Municipios de la
Mancomunidad: Valencia de Alcántara, San Vicente de Alcántara, Santiago de
Alcántara, Cedillo y Herreruela.
Por lo que respecta a la representación institucional, en este grupo de debate
contamos con la presencia de la Directora del Instituto de la Juventud de
Extremadura, Susana Martín Gijón, el Presidente de la Mancomunidad Sierra de
San Pedro, Juan Garlito Batalla y el Alcalde de Valencia de Alcántara, Cándido
Moreno Morgado.
A. CONOCIMIENTO DE LA REALIDAD JUVENIL
¿Cómo ven a los/as jóvenes de la Mancomunidad?
La mayoría de los/as técnicos/as, responsables políticos/as y agentes sociales
afirman que los/as jóvenes de la Mancomunidad son pasivos/as, no tienen
objetivos claros y son despreocupados/as.
Consideran que están desorientados/as por su futuro laboral, por no saber
cuáles son los estudios idóneos que les garanticen una estabilidad en el futuro.
Una juventud apática y desilusionada, con pocas habilidades sociales,
desorganizada y conformista, con poca iniciativa y sin responsabilidades.
No obstante, otro grupo considera que tenemos una juventud muy preparada y
bastante emprendedora, activa y responsable, sincera, participativa y con
mucho potencial.
Unos/as jóvenes inquietos/as, inteligentes y con una energía que necesitan
encauzar en alternativas que se ajusten a sus demandas, intereses e
inquietudes.
En general, podemos afirmar que había dos grupos perfectamente
diferenciados, el primero de ellos representado por los/las técnicos/as,
responsables políticos y/o agentes sociales que tienen una percepción bastante
negativa de los/las jóvenes de la Mancomunidad y el otro, el de los/las
técnicos/as, responsables políticos/as y/o agentes sociales que tienen una
percepción más positiva de la juventud de la Mancomunidad y la consideran
dinámica, dispuesta y comprometida.
B. PROGRAMAS Y RECURSOS DISPONIBLES
En este bloque se exponen las conclusiones del grupo en torno a tres
cuestiones: ¿existen programas comarcales de juventud? ¿en qué consisten? ¿y
estructuras de juventud?
Al igual que con el primer bloque del debate, también en este hubo dos grupos
con opiniones diferentes, por un lado están los/as participantes que opinan que
no existen programas comarcales de juventud, alegando como motivos la falta
de medios y de interés por parte de las autoridades y de los/as técnicos/as. Por
otro lado se encuentra el grupo que expone que a nivel local y mancomunado
existen los siguientes programas: Pueblos (aunque éste concretamente
suscitó el reproche de que son actuaciones puntuales y con una duración muy
limitada para ver resultados concretos), dinamización deportiva, orientación
laboral y autoempleo, diferentes actividades de ocio y tiempo libre, educación
en valores, fomento del asociacionismo juvenil, jornadas de educación y
seguridad vial, planes de fomento de la lectura, actividades culturales, viajes,
convivencias y encuentros comarcales, talleres de verano, sala de ordenadores
y biblioteca.
La mayoría de los/las participantes señalan como una importante y nueva
creación en su Mancomunidad, el Consejo Comarcal de la Juventud, que está
comenzando a preparar sus actividades y en el que tienen puesta mucha
confianza de cara al futuro.
C. PROPUESTAS DE ACCIONES, COMPROMISOS
(Trascripción literal de las propuestas)
o
Según los/as dinamizadores/as deportivos/as se necesita personal
especializado en deportes o bailes de moda que roten por los pueblos,
porque ellos/as no los dominan y es difícil impartirlos.
o
Proponen que todas las asociaciones, concejalías de juventud, técnicos/as,
etc. deben unirse y trabajar juntos/as, por este motivo confían en el Consejo
Comarcal de Juventud.
o
Solicitan más personal técnico y mejores infraestructuras, al igual que sacar
más partido a las infraestructuras que ya existen y que no se potencian
demasiado.
o
Las diferencias materiales entre las distintas localidades de la
Mancomunidad también preocupaba a los/las participantes, insistieron en
que deberían organizarse actividades que se extiendan por todos los
municipios y no sólo por los más grandes. Por este motivo, solicitan la
puesta en marcha de actividades que no dependan del número de
jóvenes existentes, porque hay que tener en cuenta la escasez de
niños/as en algunos municipios.
o
Pasar encuestas para ver si los/as principales beneficiarios/as conocen los
programas, porque hay buenos programas, pero los desconocen.
o
El técnico de juventud de la Mancomunidad opina que los/as jóvenes
necesitan más información y acceso a actividades para su edad, además
añade que a las instituciones les falta presupuesto.
o
El Presidente de la Mancomunidad está muy preocupado por el elevado
índice de jóvenes de la Mancomunidad que pese a estar muy bien
formados/as se marchan a trabajar fuera. Él cree que hay que potenciar de
alguna manera diferentes programas que provoquen que los/as jóvenes se
queden a trabajar en la Mancomunidad. Insiste en elaborar un plan
formativo que desarrolle una política económica y proponer desde ahí una
serie de actividades de formación para intentar que los/as jóvenes no se
vayan fuera.
o
En cuanto a los compromisos: El presidente de la Mancomunidad afirma “la
juventud es el futuro, porque es lo que tenemos en casa y hay que
mantenerlo”. Asimismo, el concejal de Herreruela, dice que las políticas de
juventud existen en los ayuntamientos y que ellos/as están elaborando un
plan de juventud, fomentan las inquietudes de los y las jóvenes y el
asociacionismo juvenil.
Sesión con Jóvenes
PERFIL DEL GRUPO DE JÓVENES
Participaron un total de 42 personas, 22 chicas y 20 chicos, con edades
comprendidas entre los 13 y los 26 años. La mayoría son estudiantes y algún/a
trabajador/a. Los municipios representados fueron: Valencia de Alcántara, San
Vicente de Alcántara, Santiago de Alcántara, Cedillo y Herreruela.
A. VALORACIÓN DEL III PLAN DE JUVENTUD
Actividades en las que han participado:
Los/as participantes manifestaron haber participado en las siguientes
actividades: el Día de la Mancomunidad, excursiones, rutas nocturnas,
actividades deportivas (torneo de fútbol), manualidades, talleres de graffiti,
educación vial, conciertos: extremúsica y otros, camping, el botellón dicen que
es una de las cosas que más les divierte, etc.
Valoración de las actividades:
Les gustó mucho el Día de la Mancomunidad, al igual que todas las actividades
deportivas, por lo que insisten en que continúen e incluyan más variedad.
Los conciertos también tienen mucho éxito entre ellos/as aunque les gustaría
que hubiera más y con diferentes estilos de música.
Todos/as valoran muy positivamente las actividades que han realizado en el
marco del III Plan de Juventud.
B. ANÁLISIS DE LA REALIDAD JOVEN
Principales problemas de los y las jóvenes:
Se repite con frecuencia que existe “escasa información sobre recursos y pocas
actividades de ocio en los pueblos pequeños”. Destacan también la escasez de
empleo para todos y todas las/los jóvenes que lo demandan, el tener que
abandonar los pueblos por la ausencia de trabajo, no poder independizarse, les
preocupa mucho la existencia de empresas que no les dan de alta en la
seguridad social.
Opinan que la Mancomunidad, Concejalías y Ayuntamientos deberían poner
más de su parte porque tienen pocos recursos y lugares de ocio y tiempo libre,
además, cuando la Mancomunidad prepara actividades no tienen muy en
cuenta los gustos de la juventud y no hay talleres en las casas de cultura.
También afirman que la mayoría de los/as jóvenes no quieren asumir
responsabilidades y que sí hay actividades, pero tienen poco interés en ellas.
Añaden que tampoco se implican con el medio ambiente.
C. PROPUESTAS Y COMPROMISOS EN RELACIÓN CON LOS EJES DEL
IV PLAN INTEGRAL DE JUVENTUD
(Trascripción literal de propuestas por ejes)
Eje 1. Emancipación y autonomía
-Vivienda más barata, ayudas para acceder a las viviendas, bajar el alquiler
de los pisos.
-Facilidades de acceso al primer empleo, más empleos y más accesibles.
-Más empresas en las zonas rurales.
-Más ayudas para estudiantes.
-Becas más generalizadas y para segundos estudios.
-Se repiten: sueldos más altos, más cursos de orientación laboral y de
formación, aprender inglés.
Eje 2. Ciudadanía y diálogo
-Convivencias y acampadas entre jóvenes de la mancomunidad, Cooperación.
-Recaudar fondos para distintas organizaciones, campañas solidarias:
mercadillos, conciertos, etc.
-Compartir actividades, intercambios con otras asociaciones de la
mancomunidad y fuera de ella.
-Fomentar y dinamizar el Asociacionismo.
-Viajes al extranjero.
-Promover la democracia participativa, organizando para ello reuniones
abiertas con los/as responsables de las instituciones para que escuchen las
propuestas y necesidades de los/as jóvenes.
Eje 3. Responsabilidad cívica
-Más información, cursos, charlas y actividades sobre salud: Campaña sobre
la droga, educación sexual, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, trastornos
alimentarios, desayuno saludable.
-Campañas sobre educación vial orientadas tanto a mayores como a niños/as
en colegios (circuitos sobre señalización, charlas para prevenir
accidentes,...), carné de conducir más barato.
-Que haya una buena distribución de contenedores para el reciclaje además
de más cantidad de ellos.
Eje 4. Ocio y creación
-Construcción de un espacio joven o punto de información.
-Creación de espacios para las asociaciones, boletines juveniles, publicidad.
-Exposiciones, conciertos, excursiones, ludoteca, cine, discoteca.
-Competiciones deportivas a nivel de mancomunidad, Variedad de
actividades deportivas, cursos de distintos tipos de baile, torneo de fútbol,
piscina climatizada, creación de un gimnasio, circuito de motocross, pista
para Karting y monopatín, gymkhana.
-Centro de conexión inalámbrica, zona wifi, cibercafé.
-Rutas de senderismo e históricas por los pueblos cercanos.
-Zona de recreativos, campeonatos de juegos.
-Habilitar más zonas para el botellón (repiten 4 grupos)
.
-Concursos, más actividades de ocio, socioculturales y deportivas.
-Discotecas, césped artificial y de mejor calidad en el campo de fútbol.
-Festivales de música, un cine y una piscina en buenas condiciones.
-Renovar los centros de salud para evitar trasladarse lejos para poder ir al
médico.
-Campamentos e intercambios juveniles.
COMPROMISOS
Los/as jóvenes se comprometen a:
-Participar más en las actividades que se realizan en el pueblo y en
algunas especialmente para que sigan adelante.
-Estudiar una carrera.
-Actuar con juicio y no abusar de los consumos.
-Ayudar en las tareas del hogar para irse habituando.
-Crear una asociación de fútbol.
-Una asociación tiene el proyecto de hacer un centro joven.
-Consumir menos energía, reciclar y ahorrar agua.
El total de participantes fue de 27 personas (12 hombres y 15 mujeres), de
edades comprendidas entre los 25 y los 50 años. El grupo estaba formado por
responsables políticos/as, técnicos/as de los distintos Ayuntamientos y la
Mancomunidad: presidente, gerente, dinamizadores/as deportivos/as y
socioculturales, representando así a los diferentes Municipios de la
Mancomunidad: Valencia de Alcántara, San Vicente de Alcántara, Santiago de
Alcántara, Cedillo y Herreruela.
Por lo que respecta a la representación institucional, en este grupo de debate
contamos con la presencia de la Directora del Instituto de la Juventud de
Extremadura, Susana Martín Gijón, el Presidente de la Mancomunidad Sierra de
San Pedro, Juan Garlito Batalla y el Alcalde de Valencia de Alcántara, Cándido
Moreno Morgado.
A. CONOCIMIENTO DE LA REALIDAD JUVENIL
¿Cómo ven a los/as jóvenes de la Mancomunidad?
La mayoría de los/as técnicos/as, responsables políticos/as y agentes sociales
afirman que los/as jóvenes de la Mancomunidad son pasivos/as, no tienen
objetivos claros y son despreocupados/as.
Consideran que están desorientados/as por su futuro laboral, por no saber
cuáles son los estudios idóneos que les garanticen una estabilidad en el futuro.
Una juventud apática y desilusionada, con pocas habilidades sociales,
desorganizada y conformista, con poca iniciativa y sin responsabilidades.
No obstante, otro grupo considera que tenemos una juventud muy preparada y
bastante emprendedora, activa y responsable, sincera, participativa y con
mucho potencial.
Unos/as jóvenes inquietos/as, inteligentes y con una energía que necesitan
encauzar en alternativas que se ajusten a sus demandas, intereses e
inquietudes.
En general, podemos afirmar que había dos grupos perfectamente
diferenciados, el primero de ellos representado por los/las técnicos/as,
responsables políticos y/o agentes sociales que tienen una percepción bastante
negativa de los/las jóvenes de la Mancomunidad y el otro, el de los/las
técnicos/as, responsables políticos/as y/o agentes sociales que tienen una
percepción más positiva de la juventud de la Mancomunidad y la consideran
dinámica, dispuesta y comprometida.
B. PROGRAMAS Y RECURSOS DISPONIBLES
En este bloque se exponen las conclusiones del grupo en torno a tres
cuestiones: ¿existen programas comarcales de juventud? ¿en qué consisten? ¿y
estructuras de juventud?
Al igual que con el primer bloque del debate, también en este hubo dos grupos
con opiniones diferentes, por un lado están los/as participantes que opinan que
no existen programas comarcales de juventud, alegando como motivos la falta
de medios y de interés por parte de las autoridades y de los/as técnicos/as. Por
otro lado se encuentra el grupo que expone que a nivel local y mancomunado
existen los siguientes programas: Pueblos (aunque éste concretamente
suscitó el reproche de que son actuaciones puntuales y con una duración muy
limitada para ver resultados concretos), dinamización deportiva, orientación
laboral y autoempleo, diferentes actividades de ocio y tiempo libre, educación
en valores, fomento del asociacionismo juvenil, jornadas de educación y
seguridad vial, planes de fomento de la lectura, actividades culturales, viajes,
convivencias y encuentros comarcales, talleres de verano, sala de ordenadores
y biblioteca.
La mayoría de los/las participantes señalan como una importante y nueva
creación en su Mancomunidad, el Consejo Comarcal de la Juventud, que está
comenzando a preparar sus actividades y en el que tienen puesta mucha
confianza de cara al futuro.
C. PROPUESTAS DE ACCIONES, COMPROMISOS
(Trascripción literal de las propuestas)
o
Según los/as dinamizadores/as deportivos/as se necesita personal
especializado en deportes o bailes de moda que roten por los pueblos,
porque ellos/as no los dominan y es difícil impartirlos.
o
Proponen que todas las asociaciones, concejalías de juventud, técnicos/as,
etc. deben unirse y trabajar juntos/as, por este motivo confían en el Consejo
Comarcal de Juventud.
o
Solicitan más personal técnico y mejores infraestructuras, al igual que sacar
más partido a las infraestructuras que ya existen y que no se potencian
demasiado.
o
Las diferencias materiales entre las distintas localidades de la
Mancomunidad también preocupaba a los/las participantes, insistieron en
que deberían organizarse actividades que se extiendan por todos los
municipios y no sólo por los más grandes. Por este motivo, solicitan la
puesta en marcha de actividades que no dependan del número de
jóvenes existentes, porque hay que tener en cuenta la escasez de
niños/as en algunos municipios.
o
Pasar encuestas para ver si los/as principales beneficiarios/as conocen los
programas, porque hay buenos programas, pero los desconocen.
o
El técnico de juventud de la Mancomunidad opina que los/as jóvenes
necesitan más información y acceso a actividades para su edad, además
añade que a las instituciones les falta presupuesto.
o
El Presidente de la Mancomunidad está muy preocupado por el elevado
índice de jóvenes de la Mancomunidad que pese a estar muy bien
formados/as se marchan a trabajar fuera. Él cree que hay que potenciar de
alguna manera diferentes programas que provoquen que los/as jóvenes se
queden a trabajar en la Mancomunidad. Insiste en elaborar un plan
formativo que desarrolle una política económica y proponer desde ahí una
serie de actividades de formación para intentar que los/as jóvenes no se
vayan fuera.
o
En cuanto a los compromisos: El presidente de la Mancomunidad afirma “la
juventud es el futuro, porque es lo que tenemos en casa y hay que
mantenerlo”. Asimismo, el concejal de Herreruela, dice que las políticas de
juventud existen en los ayuntamientos y que ellos/as están elaborando un
plan de juventud, fomentan las inquietudes de los y las jóvenes y el
asociacionismo juvenil.
Sesión con Jóvenes
PERFIL DEL GRUPO DE JÓVENES
Participaron un total de 42 personas, 22 chicas y 20 chicos, con edades
comprendidas entre los 13 y los 26 años. La mayoría son estudiantes y algún/a
trabajador/a. Los municipios representados fueron: Valencia de Alcántara, San
Vicente de Alcántara, Santiago de Alcántara, Cedillo y Herreruela.
A. VALORACIÓN DEL III PLAN DE JUVENTUD
Actividades en las que han participado:
Los/as participantes manifestaron haber participado en las siguientes
actividades: el Día de la Mancomunidad, excursiones, rutas nocturnas,
actividades deportivas (torneo de fútbol), manualidades, talleres de graffiti,
educación vial, conciertos: extremúsica y otros, camping, el botellón dicen que
es una de las cosas que más les divierte, etc.
Valoración de las actividades:
Les gustó mucho el Día de la Mancomunidad, al igual que todas las actividades
deportivas, por lo que insisten en que continúen e incluyan más variedad.
Los conciertos también tienen mucho éxito entre ellos/as aunque les gustaría
que hubiera más y con diferentes estilos de música.
Todos/as valoran muy positivamente las actividades que han realizado en el
marco del III Plan de Juventud.
B. ANÁLISIS DE LA REALIDAD JOVEN
Principales problemas de los y las jóvenes:
Se repite con frecuencia que existe “escasa información sobre recursos y pocas
actividades de ocio en los pueblos pequeños”. Destacan también la escasez de
empleo para todos y todas las/los jóvenes que lo demandan, el tener que
abandonar los pueblos por la ausencia de trabajo, no poder independizarse, les
preocupa mucho la existencia de empresas que no les dan de alta en la
seguridad social.
Opinan que la Mancomunidad, Concejalías y Ayuntamientos deberían poner
más de su parte porque tienen pocos recursos y lugares de ocio y tiempo libre,
además, cuando la Mancomunidad prepara actividades no tienen muy en
cuenta los gustos de la juventud y no hay talleres en las casas de cultura.
También afirman que la mayoría de los/as jóvenes no quieren asumir
responsabilidades y que sí hay actividades, pero tienen poco interés en ellas.
Añaden que tampoco se implican con el medio ambiente.
C. PROPUESTAS Y COMPROMISOS EN RELACIÓN CON LOS EJES DEL
IV PLAN INTEGRAL DE JUVENTUD
(Trascripción literal de propuestas por ejes)
Eje 1. Emancipación y autonomía
-Vivienda más barata, ayudas para acceder a las viviendas, bajar el alquiler
de los pisos.
-Facilidades de acceso al primer empleo, más empleos y más accesibles.
-Más empresas en las zonas rurales.
-Más ayudas para estudiantes.
-Becas más generalizadas y para segundos estudios.
-Se repiten: sueldos más altos, más cursos de orientación laboral y de
formación, aprender inglés.
Eje 2. Ciudadanía y diálogo
-Convivencias y acampadas entre jóvenes de la mancomunidad, Cooperación.
-Recaudar fondos para distintas organizaciones, campañas solidarias:
mercadillos, conciertos, etc.
-Compartir actividades, intercambios con otras asociaciones de la
mancomunidad y fuera de ella.
-Fomentar y dinamizar el Asociacionismo.
-Viajes al extranjero.
-Promover la democracia participativa, organizando para ello reuniones
abiertas con los/as responsables de las instituciones para que escuchen las
propuestas y necesidades de los/as jóvenes.
Eje 3. Responsabilidad cívica
-Más información, cursos, charlas y actividades sobre salud: Campaña sobre
la droga, educación sexual, enfermedades de transmisión sexual, trastornos
alimentarios, desayuno saludable.
-Campañas sobre educación vial orientadas tanto a mayores como a niños/as
en colegios (circuitos sobre señalización, charlas para prevenir
accidentes,...), carné de conducir más barato.
-Que haya una buena distribución de contenedores para el reciclaje además
de más cantidad de ellos.
Eje 4. Ocio y creación
-Construcción de un espacio joven o punto de información.
-Creación de espacios para las asociaciones, boletines juveniles, publicidad.
-Exposiciones, conciertos, excursiones, ludoteca, cine, discoteca.
-Competiciones deportivas a nivel de mancomunidad, Variedad de
actividades deportivas, cursos de distintos tipos de baile, torneo de fútbol,
piscina climatizada, creación de un gimnasio, circuito de motocross, pista
para Karting y monopatín, gymkhana.
-Centro de conexión inalámbrica, zona wifi, cibercafé.
-Rutas de senderismo e históricas por los pueblos cercanos.
-Zona de recreativos, campeonatos de juegos.
-Habilitar más zonas para el botellón (repiten 4 grupos)
.
-Concursos, más actividades de ocio, socioculturales y deportivas.
-Discotecas, césped artificial y de mejor calidad en el campo de fútbol.
-Festivales de música, un cine y una piscina en buenas condiciones.
-Renovar los centros de salud para evitar trasladarse lejos para poder ir al
médico.
-Campamentos e intercambios juveniles.
COMPROMISOS
Los/as jóvenes se comprometen a:
-Participar más en las actividades que se realizan en el pueblo y en
algunas especialmente para que sigan adelante.
-Estudiar una carrera.
-Actuar con juicio y no abusar de los consumos.
-Ayudar en las tareas del hogar para irse habituando.
-Crear una asociación de fútbol.
-Una asociación tiene el proyecto de hacer un centro joven.
-Consumir menos energía, reciclar y ahorrar agua.
Day 62 - First 90 Days with My D90**playing catch up again**
A doorway on my street that is often used as a public restroom. It's absolutely horrible and there are no words to describe the smell. In fact, I make it a point to hold my breath every time I turn down my street.
The sign says:
"Please!!! Have respect for where we live!!!!! Stop fucking pissing HERE!!!!"
It doesn't work. Thankfully my apartment is far enough down the street that it doesn't come in through the windows.
Designer: Wang Jinxiang (王金祥)
1978, June
Respect teachers, love students, to create a new style of teacher-student relations
Zunshi aisheng zhanli xinxingde shisheng guanxi (尊师爱生站立新型的师生关系)
Call nr.: BG E15/51 (Landsberger collection)
More? See: chineseposters.net
Please respect copyright! All images are protected under UK copyright law and the Berne international copyright convention and are visibly and/or invisibly watermarked. No images are within the public domain. images may not be reproduced, copied, used or altered in any way, by any method, without written permission
©soundimageplus soundimageplus.blogspot.com/
kodak pro 14n
Tropfest Opens In Sydney, Australia
Australian actor / director / producer John Polson will produce a multi-million dollar film tribute to Sydney in the last half of this year, with many of Australia’s best-known and respected Oscar award winners keen to get in on the action.
The news came to light today - open day of Tropfest Sydney.
Polson has confirmed a number of Aussie actors are signed for his 'ode to Sydney' - with the list said to contain Russell Crowe, Geoffrey Rush and Cate Blanchett.
"It won’t be a huge time investment, but in the end it will feel like some of Australia’s best talent got together and made a film, which can only be a great thing," Polson said.
"It will happen in the second half of 2012," said Polson. "It’s a film which is a series of short segments that are all set in Sydney that are made either by people who live in Sydney, who love Sydney or who are from Sydney."
"We’ve put together a dozen of the most exciting film names, certainly in Australia, but also around the world. It’s a pretty incredible list," Polson said. "I mean, look at the talent we have here - people either born here or living here - and yet no-one’s ever really tapped into that."
It was a big day for Polson, with his Tropfest opening - a celebration of 20 years of the iconic short film festival.
It's estimated that about 150,000 people saw the event live, with the Sydney leg taking place at The Domain, and the forecast of rain (which got heavier as the night went on) didn't appear to dip the crowd.
Recognized as the largest short film festival in the world, Tropfest is also praised for "its enormous contribution to the development of the Australian film industry by providing unique platforms for emerging filmmakers through its events and initiatives, and new and expanded audiences for their work."
Finalists...
KITCHEN SINK DRAMA
THE UNUSUAL SUSPECTS
THE MISTAKE
RGB
PHOTO BOOTH
ONE THING
MY CONSTELLATION
MIN MIN
MATCHBOX BROTHERS
LEMONADE STAND
JACK & LILY
“I’M FREE TO BE ME”
HOW MANY MORE DOCTORS DOES IT TAKE TO CHANGE A LIGHTBULB?
BOO!
ALICE’S BABY
Nicole Kidman Appears At Tropfest 2012...
Having flown back to Australia this past week with her family, Nicole Kidman stepped out for an appearance at the Tropfest 2012 short film festival in Sydney.
The 45-year-old actress was smiling a lot as she journey through the arrivals area, then onto the black carpet and beyond.
Websites
Tropfest (Australia)
Tropfest
Eva Rinaldi Photography Flickr
www.flickr.com/evarinaldiphotography
Eva Rinaldi Photography
Music News Australia
New interchange under construction at Vegastaden in Haninge, on the motorway to Stockholm. All fenced in so I couldn't walk in for a better view. A lot have happened since I snapped a few photos here back in June. If you look at that snap, I shot this photo standing near the worker to the left.
© Kimberley Richards, 2009
** It's makeup!
The Shame
It's pain
I
Hate
Myself
It's not
His fault
It's mine
It's
Mine..
He didn't mean to
He loves me
It's true
I can see it
It was
My fault
I think...
It only hurts a little
He said he's sorry
He means it,
I know
Love like ours
Is strong
The marks
Will fade
And with it
The pain
And perhaps
The shame
He loves me...
He loves me not?
Okay so this idea popped into my head last night. It is in no way a reflection of my life, so please don't be alarmed!
I decided I wanted to use a picture to shed some light on abuse that happens every day to so many women (and men). Its a horrible thing that really doesn't get as much press time as it should.
No matter how much you love someone, and no matter how much they say they love you, there is never a reason to be hurt emotionally or physically by someone else. No one, not one other person should be able to make you feel as if everything is your fault, that you aren't good enough or you aren't worth their respect. Everyone deserves respect, and if someone is hurting you in any way, they don't respect you.
Just something I was thinking about.
Anyone else have thoughts on this subject?
Some interesting sites to check out:
kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/relationships/abuse.html
All Rights Reserved !!!!!
No parts of this material can be published, copied, downloaded or sold without a permission from me. PLEASE ask me before you post this material in a blog or on your page ! Please respect these rules !!!!
Respect our copyright. Don't steal our pictures, just ask to use them.
past & future editions : Defqon.1 pictures
join our community : Facebook CyberFactory
our rave & festival selection : CyberFactory party agenda
Sept. 12, 2007 - The man seen here is paying his respect to the victims of the September 11th terrorist attacks.
The Sphere is a large metallic sculpture by German sculptor Fritz Koenig, currently displayed in Battery Park, that once stood in the middle of Austin Tobin Plaza, the area between the World Trade Center towers in Manhattan. After being recovered from the rubble of the Twin Towers after the September 11, 2001 attacks, its fate was initially uncertain and it was dismantled into its components. Although it remained structurally intact, it had been visibly damaged by debris from the airliners that were crashed into the buildings and the collapsing skyscrapers themselves.
Six months after the attacks it was relocated to Battery Park on a temporary basis—without any repairs—and formally rededicated with an eternal flame as a memorial to the victims of 9/11. It has become a major tourist attraction, due partly to the fact that it survived the attacks with only dents and holes. It will be returned to its original home once the Freedom Tower project is completed.
Upon recovery from the rubble pile, where an airliner seat, a Bible and papers from the various offices in the World Trade Center were discovered within, it was dismantled and sent to storage near John F. Kennedy International Airport. Its uncovering had been widely covered in local news media in the New York metropolitan area, however, and as it was a memorable feature of the Twin Towers site there was much discussion about using it in a memorial, especially since it seemed to have come through the attacks relatively unscathed.
At first, Koenig opposed reinstalling The Sphere, considering it "a beautiful corpse."
The sculpture was eventually returned to Manhattan, and on March 11, 2002, six months to the day after the attacks, it was re-erected in Battery Park, several blocks away from where it once stood. Koenig himself supervised the work; it took four engineers and 15 ironworkers to create a new base. Mayor Michael Bloomberg, his predecessor Rudolph Giuliani and other local officials spoke at a ceremony rededicating it as a memorial to the victims.
"It was a sculpture, now it's a monument," Koenig said, noting how the thin globe had mostly survived the cataclysm. "It now has a different beauty, one I could never imagine. It has its own life - different from the one I gave to it."
No Fighting - No Drunkenness - No Drugs - No Drink Spiking - No Urinating in Public - No Harassment - No Threatening Behaviour - No Offensive Language - No Vandalism - No Under Age Drinking ... (seems they've covered all bases here) .... At Manly, NSW
©All photographs on this site are copyright: ©DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams) 2011 – 2021 & GETTY IMAGES ®
No license is given nor granted in respect of the use of any copyrighted material on this site other than with the express written agreement of ©DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams). No image may be used as source material for paintings, drawings, sculptures, or any other art form without permission and/or compensation to ©DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams)
.
.
I would like to say a huge and heartfelt 'THANK YOU' to GETTY IMAGES, and the 49.604+ Million visitors to my FLICKR site.
***** Selected for sale in the GETTY IMAGES COLLECTION on Monday 11th September 2023
CREATIVE RF gty.im/1671620337 MOMENT ROYALTY FREE COLLECTION**
This photograph became my 7,005th frame to be selected for sale in the Getty Images collection and I am very grateful to them for this wonderful opportunity.
©DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams)
.
.
Photograph taken in Tofino, British Columbia, Canada in May 2023 .
I was stationed in a seventy year old house I was renting in Campbell Street, Tofino in British Columbia in Canada
Nikon D850 Single-lens reflex digital camera F Mount with FX CMOS 35.9mm x 23.9mm Image sensor 46.89 Million total pixels Focal length: 600mm Shutter speed: 1/1250s (Mechanical shutter) Aperture f/8.0 iso320 Handheld with Tamron VC Vibration Control enabled Image area Full Frame FX (36 x 24) NEF RAW L 45.4Million pixels (8256 x 5504) 14 Bit uncompressed AF-C Priority Selection: Release Nikon Back button focusing enabled 3D Tracking watch area: Normal 55 Tracking points Exposure mode: Manual mode Metering mode: Matrix metering White balance on: Natural Light Auto, 0, 0 Colour space: Adobe RGB Picture control: (SD) Standard (Sharpening +3.00/Clarity +1.00)
Tamron SP 150-600mm F/5-6.3 Di VC USD G2. Nikon GP-1 GPS module. Hoodman HEYENRG round eyepiece oversized eyecup. Black Rapid Curve Breathe strap. My Memory 128GB Class 10 SDXC 80MB/s card. Lowepro Flipside 400 AW camera bag. Nikon EN-EL15a battery.
LATITUDE: N 50d 31m 26.70s
LONGITUDE: W 4d 7m 30.80s
ALTITUDE: 138.0m
RAW (TIFF) FILE: 130.00MB NEF: 89.8MB
PROCESSED (JPeg) FILE: 47.90MB
PROCESSING POWER:
Nikon D850 Firmware versions C 1.30 (21/07/2023) LD Distortion Data 2.018 (16/01/20) LF 1.00 Nikon Codec Full version 1.31.2 (09/11/2021)
HP 110-352na Desktop PC with Windows 10 Home edition AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU 64Bit processor. Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB Data storage. 64-bit Windows 10. My Passport USB 3.0 2TB portable desktop hard drive. Nikon NX STUDIO 64bit Version 1.2.2 (08/12/2022). Nikon Capture NX-D 64bit Version 1.6.2 (18/02/2020). Nikon Picture Control Utility 2 (Version 2.4.5 (18/02/2020). Nikon Transfer 2 Version 2.16.0 (08/12/2022). Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.
Devi Jagadambika temple or Jagadambika temple of a group of about 25 temples at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India. Khajuraho is a World Heritage site.
The temples of Khajuraho were built by the rulers of the Chandella dynasty between the 10th and the 12th centuries.
Devi Jagadambika temple, in a group to the north, is one of the most finely decorated temples at Khajuraho, with numerous erotic carvings. Three bands of carvings encircle the body of the temple. In the sanctum is an enormous image of the goddess Devi.
_______________________________________________
The Khajuraho Group of Monuments is a group of Hindu and Jain temples in Madhya Pradesh, India. About 175 kilometres southeast of Jhansi, they are one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in India. The temples are famous for their nagara-style architectural symbolism and their erotic sculptures.
Most Khajuraho temples were built between 950 and 1050 CE by the Chandela dynasty. Historical records note that Khajuraho temple site had 85 temples by 12th century, spread over 20 square kilometers. Of these, only about 20 temples have survived, spread over 6 square kilometers. Of the various surviving temples, the Kandariya temple is decorated with a profusion of sculptures with intricate details, symbolism and expressiveness of ancient Indian art.
The Khajuraho group of temples were built together but were dedicated to two religions namely Hinduism and Jainism - suggesting a tradition of acceptance and respect for diverse religious views among Hindus and Jains.
LOCATION
Khajuraho group of monuments are located in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, in Chhatarpur District, about 620 kilometres southeast of New Delhi. The temples are in a small town also known as Khajuraho, with a population of about 20,000 people (2001 Census).
Khajuraho is served by Khajuraho Airport (IATA Code: HJR), with services to Delhi, Agra and Mumbai. The site is also linked by Indian Railways service, with the railway station approximately six kilometer from the monuments entrance.
The monuments are about 10 kilometres off the east-west National Highway 75, and about 50 kilometres from the city of Chhatarpur, that is connected to Bhopal - the state capital - by the SW-NE running National Highway 86.
HISTORY
The Khajuraho group of monuments were built during the rule of Rajput Chandela dynasty. The building activity started almost immediately after the rise of their power, throughout their kingdom to be later known as Bundelkhand. Most temples were built during the reigns of the Hindu kings Yashovarman and Dhanga. Yashovarman's legacy is best exhibited by Lakshmana temple. Vishvanatha temple best highlights King Dhanga's reign.:22 The largest and currently most famous surviving temple is Kandariya Mahadeva built in the reign of King Ganda from 1017-1029 CE. The temple inscriptions suggest many of the currently surviving temples were complete between 970 to 1030 CE, with few more temples completed in decades thereafter.
The Khajuraho temples were built about 35 miles from the medieval city of Mahoba, the capital of Chandela dynasty, in Kalinjar region. In ancient and medieval literature, their kingdom has been called Jijhoti, Jejahoti, Chih-chi-to and Jejakabhukti.
Khajuraho were mentioned by Abu Rihan-al-Biruni, the Persian historian who accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni in his raid of Kalinjar in 1022 CE; he mentions Khajuraho as the capital of Jajahuti. The raid was unsuccessful, and a peace accord was reached when the Hindu king agreed to pay a ransom to Mahmud of Ghazni to end the attack and leave.
Khajuraho temples were in active use through the end of 12th century. This changed in the 13th century, after the army of Delhi Sultanate, under the command of the Muslim Sultan Qutb-ud-din Aibak, attacked and seized the Chandela kingdom. About a century later, Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveller in his memoirs about his stay in India from 1335 to 1342 CE, mentioned visiting Khajuraho temples, calling them “Kajarra” as follows:
...near (Khajuraho) temples, which contain idols that have been mutilated by the Moslems, live a number of yogis whose matted locks have grown as long as their bodies. And on account of extreme asceticism they are all yellow in colour. Many Moslems attend these men in order to take lessons (yoga) from them.
— Ibn Battuta, about 1335 CE, Riḥlat Ibn Baṭūṭah, Translated by Arthur Cotterell
Central Indian region, where Khajuraho temples are, remained in the control of many different Muslim dynasties from 13th century through the 18th century. In this period, some temples were desecrated, followed by a long period when they were left in neglect. In 1495 CE, for example, Sikandar Lodi’s campaign of temple destruction included Khajuraho. The remoteness and isolation of Khajuraho protected the Hindu and Jain temples from continued destruction by Muslims. Over the centuries, vegetation and forests overgrew, took over the temples.
In the 1830s, local Hindus guided a British surveyor, T.S. Burt, to the temples and they were thus rediscovered by the global audience. Alexander Cunningham later reported, few years after the rediscovery, that the temples were secretly in use by yogis and thousands of Hindus would arrive for pilgrimage during Shivaratri celebrated annually in February or March based on a lunar calendar. In 1852, Maisey prepared earliest drawings of the Khajuraho temples.
NOMENCLATURE
The name Khajuraho, or Kharjuravāhaka, is derived from ancient Sanskrit (kharjura, खर्जूर means date palm, and vāhaka, वाहक means "one who carries" or bearer). Local legends state that the temples had two golden date-palm trees as their gate (missing when they were rediscovered). Desai states that Kharjuravāhaka also means scorpion bearer, which is another symbolic name for deity Shiva (who wears snakes and scorpion garlands in his fierce form).
Cunningham’s nomenclature and systematic documentation work in 1850s and 1860s have been widely adopted and continue to be in use. He grouped the temples into the Western group around Lakshmana, Eastern group around Javeri, and Southern group around Duladeva.
Khajuraho is one of the four holy sites linked to deity Shiva (the other three are Kedarnath, Kashi and Gaya). Its origin and design is a subject of scholarly studies. Shobita Punja has proposed that the temple’s origin reflect the Hindu mythology in which Khajuraho is the place where Shiva got married; with Raghuvamsha verse 5.53, Matangeshvara honoring ‘’Matanga’’, or god of love.
DESCRIPTION
The temple site is within Vindhya mountain range in central India. An ancient local legend held that Hindu deity Shiva and other gods enjoyed visiting the dramatic hill formation in Kalinjar area. The center of this region is Khajuraho, set midst local hills and rivers. The temple complex reflects the ancient Hindu tradition of building temples where gods love to play.
The temples are clustered near water, another typical feature of Hindu temples. The current water bodies include Sib Sagar, Khajur Sagar (also called Ninora Tal) and Khudar Nadi (river). The local legends state that the temple complex had 64 water bodies, of which 56 have been physically identified by archeologists so far.
All temples, except one (Chaturbhuja) face sunrise - another symbolic feature that is predominant in Hindu temples. The relative layout of temples integrate masculine and feminine deities and symbols highlight the interdependence. The art work symbolically highlight the four goals of life considered necessary and proper in Hinduism - dharma, kama, artha and moksha.
Of the surviving temples, 6 are dedicated to Shiva and his consorts, 8 to Vishnu and his affinities, 1 to Ganesha, 1 to Sun god, 3 to Jain Tirthanks. For some ruins, there is insufficient evidence to assign the temple to specific deities with confidence.
An overall examination of site suggests that the Hindu symbolic mandala design principle of square and circles is present each temple plan and design. Further, the territory is laid out in three triangles that converge to form a pentagon. Scholars suggest that this reflects the Hindu symbolism for three realms or trilokinatha, and five cosmic substances or panchbhuteshvara. The temple site highlights Shiva, the one who destroys and recycles life, thereby controlling the cosmic dance of time, evolution and dissolution.
The temples have a rich display of intricately carved statues. While they are famous for their erotic sculpture, sexual themes cover less than 10% of the temple sculpture. Further, most erotic scene panels are neither prominent nor emphasized at the expense of the rest, rather they are in proportional balance with the non-sexual images. The viewer has to look closely to find them, or be directed by a guide. The arts cover numerous aspects of human life and values considered important in Hindu pantheon. Further, the images are arranged in a configuration to express central ideas of Hinduism. All three ideas from Āgamas are richly expressed in Khajuraho temples - Avyakta, Vyaktavyakta and Vyakta.
The Beejamandal temple is under excavation. It has been identified with the Vaidyanath temple mentioned in the Grahpati Kokalla inscription.
Of all temples, the Matangeshvara temple remains an active site of worship. It is another square grid temple, with a large 2.5 metres high and 1.1 metres diameter lingam, placed on a 7.6 metres diameter platform.
The most visited temple, Kandariya Mahadev, has an area of about 6,500 square feet and a shikhara (spire) that rise
s 116 feet.
Jain templesThe Jain temples are located on east-southeast region of Khajuraho monuments. Chausath jogini temple features 64 jogini, while Ghantai temple features bells sculptured on its pillars.
ARCHITECTURE OF THE TEMPLES
Khajuraho temples, like almost all Hindu temple designs, follow a grid geometrical design called vastu-purusha-mandala. This design plan has three important components - Mandala means circle, Purusha is universal essence at the core of Hindu tradition, while Vastu means the dwelling structure.
The design lays out a Hindu temple in a symmetrical, concentrically layered, self-repeating structure around the core of the temple called garbhagriya, where the abstract principle Purusha and the primary deity of the temple dwell. The shikhara, or spire, of the temple rises above the garbhagriya. This symmetry and structure in design is derived from central beliefs, myths, cardinality and mathematical principles.
The circle of mandala circumscribe the square. The square is considered divine for its perfection and as a symbolic product of knowledge and human thought, while circle is considered earthly, human and observed in everyday life (moon, sun, horizon, water drop, rainbow). Each supports the other. The square is divided into perfect 64 sub-squares called padas.
Most Khajuraho temples deploy the 8x8 padas grid Manduka Vastupurushamandala, with pitha mandala the square grid incorporated in the design of the spires. The primary deity or lingas are located in the grid’s Brahma padas.The architecture is symbolic and reflects the central Hindu beliefs through its form, structure and arrangement of its parts. The mandapas as well as the arts are arranged in the Khajuraho temples in a symmetric repeating patterns, even though each image or sculpture is distinctive in its own way. The relative placement of the images are not random but together they express ideas, just like connected words form sentences and paragraphs to compose ideas. This fractal pattern that is common in Hindu temples. Various statues and panels have inscriptions. Many of the inscriptions on the temple walls are poems with double meanings, something that the complex structure of Sanskrit allows in creative compositions. All Khajuraho temples, except one, face sunrise, and the entrance for the devotee is this east side.
Above the vastu-purusha-mandala of each temple is a superstructure with a dome called Shikhara (or Vimana, Spire). Variations in spire design come from variation in degrees turned for the squares. The temple Shikhara, in some literature, is linked to mount Kailash or Meru, the mythical abode of the gods.
In each temple, the central space typically is surrounded by an ambulatory for the pilgrim to walk around and ritually circumambulate the Purusa and the main deity. The pillars, walls and ceilings around the space, as well as outside have highly ornate carvings or images of the four just and necessary pursuits of life - kama, artha, dharma and moksa. This clockwise walk around is called pradakshina.
Larger Khajuraho temples also have pillared halls called mandapa. One near the entrance, on the east side, serves as the waiting room for pilgrims and devotees. The mandapas are also arranged by principles of symmetry, grids and mathematical precision. This use of same underlying architectural principle is common in Hindu temples found all over India. Each Khajuraho temple is distinctly carved yet also repeating the central common principles in almost all Hindu temples, one which Susan Lewandowski refers to as “an organism of repeating cells”.
CONSTRUCTION
The temples are grouped into three geographical divisions: western, eastern and southern.
The Khajuraho temples are made of sandstone, with a granite foundation that is almost concealed from view. The builders didn't use mortar: the stones were put together with mortise and tenon joints and they were held in place by gravity. This form of construction requires very precise joints. The columns and architraves were built with megaliths that weighed up to 20 tons. Some repair work in the 19th Century was done with brick and mortar; however these have aged faster than original materials and darkened with time, thereby seeming out of place.
The Khajuraho and Kalinjar region is home to superior quality of sandstone, which can be precision carved. The surviving sculpture reflect fine details such as strands of hair, manicured nails and intricate jewelry.
While recording the television show Lost Worlds (History Channel) at Khajuraho, Alex Evans recreated a stone sculpture under 4 feet that took about 60 days to carve in an attempt to develop a rough idea how much work must have been involved. Roger Hopkins and Mark Lehner also conducted experiments to quarry limestone which took 12 quarrymen 22 days to quarry about 400 tons of stone. They concluded that these temples would have required hundreds of highly trained sculptors.
CHRONOLOGY
The Khajuraho group of temples belong to Vaishnavism school of Hinduism, Saivism school of Hinduism and Jainism - nearly a third each. Archaeological studies suggest all three types of temples were under construction at about the same time in late 10th century, and in use simultaneously. Will Durant states that this aspect of Khajuraho temples illustrates the tolerance and respect for different religious viewpoints in the Hindu and Jain traditions. In each group of Khajuraho temples, there were major temples surrounded by smaller temples - a grid style that is observed to varying degrees in Hindu temples in Angkor Wat, Parambaran and South India.
The largest surviving Saiva temple is Khandarya Mahadeva, while the largest surviving Vaishnava group includes Chaturbhuja and Ramachandra.
Kandarya Mahadeva temple plan is 109 ft in length by 60 ft, and rises 116 ft above ground and 88 ft above its own floor. The central padas are surrounded by three rows of sculptured figures, with over 870 statues, most being half life size (2.5 to 3 feet). The spire is a self repeating fractal structure.
TEMPLE NAME - DEITY - YEAR COMPLETED
Chausath Yogini - Devi, 64 Yoginis - 885
Brahma - Vishnu - 925
Lalgun Mahadev - Shiva - 900
Matangeshwar - Shiva - 1000
Varaha - Vishnu - 950
Lakshmana - Vaikuntha Vishnu - 939
Parshvanath - Parshvanath - 954
Visvanatha - Shiva - 999
Devi Jagadambi - Devi, Parvati - 1023
Chitragupta - Sun, Chitragupta - 1023
Kandariya Mahadeva - Shiva - 1029
Vamana - Vamana - 1062
Adinath Jain Temple - Rishabha - 1027
Javeri - Vishnu - 1090
Chaturbhuja - Vishnu - 1110
Duladeo (Duladeva) - Shiva - 1125
Ghantai - Jain Tirthankara - 960
Vishnu-Garuda - Vishnu - 1000
Ganesha - Shiva - 1000
Hanuman - Hanuman - 922
Mahishasuramardini - Devi - 995
ARTS AND SCULPTURE
The Khajuraho temples feature a variety of art work, of which 10% is sexual or erotic art outside and inside the temples. Some of the temples that have two layers of walls have small erotic carvings on the outside of the inner wall. Some scholars suggest these to be tantric sexual practices. Other scholars state that the erotic arts are part of Hindu tradition of treating kama as an essential and proper part of human life, and its symbolic or explicit display is common in Hindu temples. James McConnachie, in his history of the Kamasutra, describes the sexual-themed Khajuraho sculptures as "the apogee of erotic art":
"Twisting, broad-hipped and high breasted nymphs display their generously contoured and bejewelled bodies on exquisitely worked exterior wall panels. These fleshy apsaras run riot across the surface of the stone, putting on make-up, washing their hair, playing games, dancing, and endlessly knotting and unknotting their girdles . . Beside the heavenly nymphs are serried ranks of griffins, guardian deities and, most notoriously, extravagantly interlocked maithunas, or lovemaking couples."
The temples have several thousand statues and art works, with Kandarya Mahadeva temple alone decorated with over 870. Some 10% of these iconographic carvings contain sexual themes and various sexual poses. A common misconception is that, since the old structures with carvings in Khajuraho are temples, the carvings depict sex between deities; however the kama arts represent diverse sexual expressions of different human beings. The vast majority of arts depict various aspects the everyday life, mythical stories as well as symbolic display of various secular and spiritual values important in Hindu tradition. For example, depictions show women putting on makeup, musicians making music, potters, farmers, and other folks in their daily life during the medieval era. These scenes are in the outer padas as is typical in Hindu temples.
There is iconographic symbolism embedded in the arts displayed in Khajuraho temples. Core Hindu values are expressed in multitude of ways. Even the Kama scenes, when seen in combination of sculptures that precede and follow, depict the spiritual themes such as moksha. In the words of Stella Kramrisch,
This state which is “like a man and woman in close embrace” is a symbol of moksa, final release or reunion of two principles, the essence (Purusha) and the nature (Prakriti).
— Stella Kramrisch, 1976
The Khajuraho temples represent one expression of many forms of arts that flourished in Rajput kingdoms of India from 8th through 10th century CE. For example, contemporary with Khajuraho were the publications of poems and drama such as Prabodhacandrodaya, Karpuramanjari, Viddhasalabhanjika and Kavyamimansa. Some of the themes expressed in these literary works are carved as sculpture in Khajuraho temples. Some sculptures at the Khajuraho monuments dedicated to Vishnu include the Vyalas, which are hybrid imaginary animals with lions body, and are found in other Indian temples. Some of these hybrid mythical art work include Vrik Vyala (hybrid of wolf and lion) and Gaja Vyala (hybrid of elephant and lion). These Vyalas may represent syncretic, creative combination of powers innate in the two.
TOURISM AND CULTURAL EVENTS
The temples in Khajuraho are broadly divided into three parts : the Eastern group, the Southern Group and the Western group of temples of which the Western group alone has the facility of an Audio guided tour wherein the tourists are guided through the seven eight temples. There is also an audio guided tour developed by the Archaeological Survey of India which includes a narration of the temple history and architecture.
The Khajuraho Dance Festival is held every year in February. It features various classical Indian dances set against the backdrop of the Chitragupta or Vishwanath Temples.
The Khajuraho temple complex offers a light and sound show every evening. The first show is in English language and the second one in Hindi. It is held in the open lawns in the temple complex, and has received mixed reviews.
The Madhya Pradesh Tourism Development has set up kiosks at the Khajuraho railway station, with tourist officers to provide information for Khajuraho visitors.
WIKIPEDIA
This is a photograph from the first running of the Mullingar Half Marathon which was held on Tuesday 17th March 2015 St. Patrick's Day Lá Fhéile Pádraig in Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland at 11:00. Just under 600 people participated in the event which was a wonderful success on the event's first running. The event was in aid of the charity Childline. The weather was perfect for distance running and the course was a perfect mixture of town, flat bogland country roads and a long stretch along the beautiful Royal Canal. The race started on Austin Friars' Street and finished in town park beside the Annebrook Hotel.
Our full set of photographs from today's event are available on Flickr at the following link https://www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157651394365962/
Don't forget to scroll down to see more information about the race and these photographs!
Event Management and Timing was provided by PRECISION TIMING. The results from today's events can be found on Precision Timing's website at this URL [www.precisiontiming.net/result.aspx?v=2485]. You can checkout their facebook page at www.facebook.com/davidprecisiontiming?fref=ts
USING OUR PHOTOGRAPHS - A QUICK GUIDE
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. Our only "cost" is our request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us.
This also extends the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?
You can download the photographic image here direct to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. However - look for a symbol with three dots 'ooo' or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.
I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting does take a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Creative Commons aims to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Fueron alrededor de 35 jóvenes que nuevamente presentaron el Musical titulado Más Acá del Más Allá, relatado desde el punto de vista de niños y adolescentes. Las funciones se realizaron el 24 y 25 de octubre. Además, los alumnos ofrecieron en agosto tres funciones en el Colegio Alemán de Valparaíso.
Detrás de este trabajo están los profesores de música y teatro, Sergio Contreras y Francisca Díaz, respectivamente. “En cuanto al proceso de enseñanza, han crecido un montón, hay alumnos que llegaron con una voz pequeña y ahora están tremendos. Es un espectáculo con veinticinco alumnos en escena, y es un montaje que muestra dos realidades inventadas por nosotros. Uno el de los vivos, y otro de los muertos”.
Se requirió poco más de seis meses para preparar todo, y los resultados fueron inesperados. “Llegó un momento en el proceso de la obra donde los alumnos se volvieron autónomos, donde el nivel de independencia de ellos fue muy impresionante. Los soltamos, porque ya se valoraban como creadores y les dimos mucha responsabilidad. Llegamos a un resultado inesperado. Nos sorprendimos de que la obra gustara tanto con un tema tan delicado como lo es la muerte. Estábamos poniendo en cuestión las diferentes creencias, pero los niños lo hicieron de una manera valiente y respetuosa”, cuenta Francisca Díaz.
El primer semestre se dedicó a la parte creativa, escribir, componer las canciones, desarrollar los personajes y lo que los alumnos quieren decir. "Siempre los desafiamos a definir cuál es el mensaje. En este caso, tomaron el de la vida y la muerte y debatieron bastante su opinión frente al tema, y ahí viene una parte no menor que es la investigación de su parte. Ahí tuvieron que definir la postura, lo que ellos iban a defender”, señala Sergio Contreras.
La obra se estrenó en noviembre del año 2016 y cuenta la historia de un niño de 11 años que perdió el deseo de vivir debido a las dificultades propias de la edad para vincularse con las personas de su entorno, experiencias que más de alguno de nosotros vivimos en nuestras vidas. Su interés por el más allá lo llevó a conocer un espíritu que lo motivó a reflexionar y disfrutar el lado positivo de la vida. La historia está contada de una forma irónica y en tono de comedia. Al aportar los alumnos su sentido del humor, se hizo más fácil presentar el tema, siempre con un mensaje de fondo.
Los jóvenes que participaron tuvieron la oportunidad de obtener un tremendo aprendizaje de trabajo en equipo, además de conocerse y hacerse amigos de alumnos de otros niveles.
Muchas gracias por hacernos reír, emocionarnos y reflexionar.
Respect between the creation of nature and men, between life and death, between ancient history and youth...
This is a picture of the remains of the oldest free-standing stone building in the world, a massive prehistoric complex in Gozo, Malta. According to the legend, this gigantic temple was built in one night, by a giant woman, carrying the rocks on one arm, while holding her child on the other. The Ggantija temples date back from 3600 BC and are more than a thousand years older then the Gizeh piramides and even two thousand years older than Stonehenge.
"Perso" was a highly respected graffiti writer and artist in the Sydney graffiti and street art community who sady passed away in December 2023.
Finally, "Perso" was known for his humble and friendly personality, during his career he was an active artist and graffiti writer whose work spanned across both Sydney and Melbourne.
For more information, or to follow this artist references refer to -
www.streetartstudios.com.au/hire-sydney-graffiti-artists/
#Perso #SkinnyWhiteBoys #SWB #TheSubwayFreaks #TheSurvivaloftheFittest #TrainStainFame #TheSelectFew #TSF #FreshOnes #Formula1 #F1 #F1C #WildDayz #WantedDead #WD #KOA
The students at Olympic Heights School have been talking about, and practicing, kindness. After discussing the Beakerhead challenge and theme, we thought it would be great to tie our project to the idea that we must all contribute to a safe, kind and supportive environment in our school and in the world. For us the theme of ‘there must be a better way’ related to the idea that we can make the world a better place, if we understand that we are all agents of change. We decided to use the Beakerhead challenge to see if we could find a better way to communicate that.
After considering the number of cardboard squares, and discussing our theme, we decided that each square of cardboard should represent one student in the class, with each being integral to the completed project. This led to the idea that the squares could come together as one larger piece that would communicate our message. From there we chose an image that we divided equally amongst the students. The cardboard pieces would make the image much larger, so we had to figure out a way to scale up from the original image using a grid system. We also took into consideration that we could make either a rectangular or square image, based on placement of the pieces. We decided that the image we found would best be suited to a 6 x 4 array. Each student was given a small fraction of the original image, along with their square on which they would draw and paint their portion. Colour mixing and testing were used to determine the best medium to accomplish our goals for this project.
In the end, the students agreed that we had found “a better way” to communicate our message: a way that brought us together in a spirit of unity, inclusion and respect, and which emphasized the contribution of each individual to the success of the whole.