View allAll Photos Tagged Relator
Pictures of the demolition of the former Motown Records Headquarters located at the Donovan Building.
Our mayor couldn't stand the broken windows and marred facade so he got it to be torn down for 15 or so spaces for the Super Bowl. What's sad is that this historic building designed by Albert Kahn is in great condition, and they left everything inside, lobby details, motown papers, marble, etc.
Colleen playing the seemingly innocent, yet manipulative, mistress of Caesar, and Gavin, a brother from the 13th battalion, both threaten my mortality. The former with a fork aimed at my jugular and the latter to run me through and post my head with the desserts. Perhaps we’ve all been watching a wee bit too much Rome, the HBO series we picked to replace Deadwood from last seal cruise.
View this map on the BL Georeferencer service.
Image taken from:
Title: "Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic Turkey; edited from manuscript journals, by R. Walpole. (Travels in various countries of the East; being a continuation of Memoirs relating to European and Asiatic Turkey, &c.)"
Author: WALPOLE, Robert - Rev
Shelfmark: "British Library HMNTS 1786.d.13.", "British Library HMNTS 982.i.7."
Page: 620
Place of Publishing: London
Date of Publishing: 1817
Publisher: Longman & Co.
Issuance: monographic
Identifier: 003842704
Explore:
Find this item in the British Library catalogue, 'Explore'.
Open the page in the British Library's itemViewer (page image 620)
Download the PDF for this book Image found on book scan 620 (NB not a pagenumber)Download the OCR-derived text for this volume: (plain text) or (json)
Click here to see all the illustrations in this book and click here to browse other illustrations published in books in the same year.
A few more furnitures and accessory for my Rolleiflex 3.5F (see below for details relate d to the camera) with a couple of old-fashioned carbon-zinc 22.5V batteries from China to test the Rolleiflash and a close-up accessory Rolleinar 1 (1 diopter) in the correct bayonet dimension (RII) suitable for the Rolleiflex 3.5F with Zeiss Planar lens or Schneider-Kreuznach Xenotar 1:3.5 f=75mm.
There are 3 different filter bayonet sizes on the Rolleiflex (RI, RII, and RIII) and one should check that both optical pieces are of the correct same dimension before buying. The Rolleinar 1 permit the focusing of the Rolleiflex between 1m and 0.47m instead of the normal minimum focusing distance of 0.9m. The parallax for Heidosmat viewing lens is corrected with an integrated prism that should correctly positioned with a red dot directed up. The Rolleinar came with its original Rollei Francke & Heidecke branded leather case.
The Rolleiflash type-2 is the original one that came with the camera. It mounts to the viewing lens bayonet and is also of the correct type RII. Rolleiflashes exist also in other bayonet dimension. At now, I just tested the circuity continuation with the battery in place and also with a flash bulb mounted. When pressing the test button a small light flashes on the control window. Next step will to fire a bulb...
March 28, 2025
69004 Lyon
France
About the camera :
I got this stunning Rolleiflex 3.5F from a French artist near Paris, France. The camera came in it original box and leather bag with accessories and a reference book year 1955. The whole kit is in an exceptional state of conservation.
The Rolleiflex 3.5F is the model-3, or "K4F",that Rollei-Werke Franke & Heidecke produced in 50.000 units in Germany from Nov.1960 to Dec. 1964. The Rolleiflex originates from 1928 for the very first model and was produced still in a limited number until the years 2000’s. The 3.5F model 3 was available etheir with a Schneider-Kreuznak Xenotar taking lens or the Call Zeiss Planar 1:3.5 f=75mm as this camera. The Rolleiflex, that was a quality reference for many professional photographers in the 50’s for the medium-format 6X6 camera’s. Many worked both with the Leica M3 (starting from 1954) as small-format 24x36mm camera and the Rolleiflex for other appliances. The Rolleiflex remained one of the most iconic and trusted camera of all the times.
This specific 3.5F is labelled on the right side with nice badge made of enameled brass « T » « Telos » that was the exclusive first French importer of Rollei to France until 1972.
The Rolleiflex 3,5 F model 3 is equipped with the Synchro-Compur central shutter MXV CR00 with cone-wheel differential. The distance scale is only in meters here with automatic DOF indication.
Serial number with ‘3,5F’ prefix on of top name shield.
I detailed the camera and accessories and studied carefully the user manual and the book to before familiar this beauty before waiting for a quiet moment to prepare for a test film. I will not trust the old leather original neck strap to carry this precious machine on the field to avoid the real risk to drop the camera. I ordered a new one from a manufacturer in China.
Postal Museum (Liechtenstein)
The postal museum in the English building in Vaduz
The Postal Museum of the Principality of Liechtenstein exhibits documents relating to philately and postal history in the Principality of Liechtenstein . The museum is affiliated with the Liechtenstein State Museum . It is located in the center of Vaduz in the so-called English building - the first steel-framed building in the country.
History
The museum was founded in 1930 to collect stamp issues and other important documents from the country's philately and postal history and make them accessible to the public. The museum opened in 1936. Hermann E. Sieger carried out significant curatorial work .
After the museum was housed in various rooms, it has been in the English building since 2002 .
Exhibition
The focus of the exhibition is on the stamps issued by the Principality of Liechtenstein since 1912. The museum also presents the most important designs, proofs and engraving plates as well as other important documents of postal history and historical postal equipment. In addition to the permanent exhibitions, changing exhibitions are also held periodically.
Postage stamps in the pedestrian zone
Since May 2011, a selection of oversized Liechtenstein stamps has been on display in the Städtle – Vaduz's pedestrian zone. The 25 stamp reproductions function here as pavement slabs.
Vaduz is the capital of the Principality of Liechtenstein . The municipality in the Oberland is the residence of the prince as well as the seat of the state government , the state parliament and all courts . It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of the same name .
Vaduz is particularly well-known for its role as an international financial center . The municipality has six exclaves and is therefore an administrative unit divided into seven. The inhabitants are called Vaduzer , the adjective is Vaduzisch .
The municipality has an area of 17,284 km² and includes the village of Vaduz and its immediate surroundings as well as six exclaves. The area with the village of Vaduz borders Schaan to the north , Triesenberg to the east, Triesen to the south and the Swiss communities of Sevelen and Buchs SG , located on the other side of the Rhine , to the west . The highest point in the municipality is 2150 m above sea level. M. the silver horn .
Four exclaves are located in the Rhine Valley. These are the agriculturally used Vaduzer Riet between the Schaaner industrial area and Eschen / Nendeln , the forests of Forst at the foot of the Three Sisters massif and Rüttistein and Dachsegg above Planken . The forest plots are owned by the Vaduz citizens' cooperative , whose members are entitled to the annual loose wood. At around 900 m above sea level. Traces of a prehistoric settlement were found in Dachsegg.
Two exclaves are located in the mountain area: on the one hand, the cooperative Alps Pradamee and Hahnenspiel and on the other hand, the Alp Hinter Valorsch . The Pradamee and Hahnenspiel Alps in the Malbun high valley were formerly known as Vaduz Malbun .
The Alp Hintervalorsch was separated from Vorder- and Mittlervalorsch in 1643 because of a dispute between Vaduz and Schaan and has belonged to Vaduz ever since. [8th]
In 1781, the use of the alpine pastures was divided between the Vaduz upper and lower villages and separate alpine buildings were built on the Under Pradamee (1500 m above sea level) and the Upper Pradamee (1700 m above sea level). Since 1930, the municipality of Vaduz has received around one million cubic meters of drinking water from Pradamee every year. The separate dairy operation ended around the middle of the 20th century. Since then, part of the milk has been made into cheese on the Ober Pradamee.
In 1962, the first ski lift in Malbun was built in the Alp Pradamee area, which was replaced by new chairlifts in 2006 along with other old lifts.
The Alp Hahnenspiel is used as Galtalp . One at approx. 2000 m above sea level. The small cave located M. served as a burial place for a dead person during the early Bronze Age .
Alp Gaflei, which was purchased by the municipality of Vaduz in 1952, is located in the Triesenberg municipality. Although the alpine buildings have been demolished since 2006, the alpine pastures continue to be used.
Vaduz was first mentioned in 1175/1200 as de Faduzes , two mentions from 1021 are later forgeries. The name, like many others in the Rhine Valley, is of Romanesque origin and goes back to Old Romansh auadutg “moat; Canal for mills and sawmills; Mill flume”, which in turn comes from the Latin aquaeductus .
On May 3, 1342, the then dominion of the Counts of Bregenz was divided, creating the County of Vaduz . In 1392, under Counts Henry V. (I.) and Hartmann IV. (II.) of Werdenberg-Sargans-Vaduz, it gained imperial immediacy through a privilege from King Wenceslas . In the following decades and centuries, the county repeatedly became the scene of wars and looting, e.g. B. in the Old Zurich War (1444–1446) or in the Swabian War (1499–1500).
Over time, the rulers of Hohenems became increasingly indebted, so that they were ultimately forced to sell the county of Vaduz and the neighboring lordship of Schellenberg . In 1699, Prince Hans Adam of Liechtenstein acquired the rule of Schellenberg and in 1712 the county of Vaduz. On January 23, 1719, a diploma from Emperor Charles VI united. the county of Vaduz with the rule of Schellenberg and raised it to an imperial principality with the name Liechtenstein. As a result, Vaduz became increasingly important.
In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte founded the Confederation of the Rhine , which also included Liechtenstein and thereby effectively became independent. This independence was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna and Liechtenstein was accepted into the German Confederation .
However, Liechtenstein – and thus also Vaduz – remained very backward for a long time. It was only the customs treaty concluded with Austria in 1852 that enabled economic conditions to improve, and a constitutional constitution of 1862 brought political change so that the prince could no longer rule without restrictions.
The First World War impoverished the population, and at the end of the war the customs agreement with the war loser Austria-Hungary was dissolved.
After the customs treaty with Austria was dissolved in 1919, Liechtenstein became increasingly closer to Switzerland , and in 1923 the customs treaty with Switzerland, which still exists today, was signed. After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in March 1938, the newly ruling Prince Franz Josef II, the first prince of Liechtenstein, decided - because of his rejection of National Socialism - to move his residence to Liechtenstein to Vaduz Castle . Liechtenstein remained neutral during the Second World War and was never involved in direct hostilities. Instead, the principality was able to use its locational advantages (no loss of army personnel, central location, customs union with Switzerland, tax advantages, political stability), so that many new industrial companies were founded in Vaduz, but also in the wider principality, and progress in the country began to make rapid progress .
As of December 31, 2018, Vaduz had 5,625 inhabitants and was the second largest municipality in Liechtenstein after Schaan (with 6,016 inhabitants). At around 42 percent, the proportion of foreigners in Vaduz was higher than in all other Liechtenstein communities.
According to the 2015 census, 66.5 percent of the total population is Roman Catholic , with the proportion of Catholics among the population with Liechtenstein citizenship (80.8 percent) being significantly higher than among the population with foreign citizenship (47.1 percent Catholics). 10.1 percent of Vaduz's residents are Protestants , and 2.6 percent belong to another Christian church (majority Christian Orthodox churches ). 7.7 percent are Muslim , and other religions make up 0.75 percent of the population. Non-religious people make up 9.2 percent of the population - the highest proportion in Liechtenstein.
In the historical lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Vaduz is defined as the main town. Despite these official declarations, the term main location appears to be controversial among the general public. The principality's tourism website often refers to Vaduz as the capital, as do several Vaduz hotels, several media outlets (such as the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , Die Welt , the Geo , the Kronen Zeitung or the Deutschlandfunk), the Association of the Consular Corps in the Principality of Liechtenstein and the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Hubert Büchel said during his lecture in the Feldkirch Palais Liechtenstein in 1988 : “Vaduz with 5,000 inhabitants is of a size where we do not yet dare to speak of a ‘capital’, but at best of a ‘capital town’.”
In a travel magazine, the moderator Hape Kerkeling asked the FBP politician and former mayor of Vaduz, Manfred Bischof, whether one could “seriously speak of a capital” for a place with 6,000 inhabitants. Bishop replied that Vaduz could seriously be called a capital, since Liechtenstein is its own country and a country also has a capital.
The former Vaduz local councilor and former president of the Johann Schädler Agra Foundation , Stefanie Hasler, said on “ Vaterland TV ” at the end of 2022 that Vaduz is actually a capital and that “every now and then” he doesn’t dare to say so .
In March 2023, the Munich Merkur described Vaduz as the “de facto capital” of Liechtenstein.
Liechtenstein Art Museum : Opened in 2000, the state museum for modern and contemporary art houses the state art collection of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The facade, a colored and seamlessly cast concrete made of predominantly black basalt rock and colored river gravel, is treated in such a way that “a lively play is created on the reflective surface”.
Liechtenstein State Museum : The cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein is presented here . The museum includes two old buildings and a new building in Vaduz. In addition, the postal museum in Vaduz and a rural living museum in Schellenberg are assigned to the state museum.
“ Engländerbau ” with postal museum : The “Engländerbau” was built in 1933/1934 on behalf of an English company as a commercial building. Today it is an exhibition building that shows changing exhibitions of contemporary art. Since 2002, it has also been home to the Postal Museum, which is part of the State Museum and collects, preserves and makes available to the public important documents and artifacts from Liechtenstein philately and postal history.
Kurt Beck Watch Museum : Opened in March 2018 at Lettstrasse 39, the privately run museum shows around 250 antique watches by the collector Kurt Beck.
Vaduz Castle : The landmark of Vaduz was built in the 12th century and finally expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries. The castle has been owned by the Princes of Liechtenstein since 1712, but was not inhabited for a long time and fell increasingly into disrepair. It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that it was extensively renovated, and in 1938 Prince Franz Josef II became the first prince of Liechtenstein to move his permanent residence to the castle. Since then it has no longer been open to the public.
Schalun ruins : The medieval Schalun castle ruins (also called the “Wildschloss”) were built in the 12th century and were supplemented by other parts of the building over time. The ruins are located above Vaduz Castle at an altitude of approx. 850 m above sea level. M. Large parts of the foundation walls are still preserved today, especially the core of the castle with building remains up to ten meters high. The castle has been owned by the municipality of Vaduz since 1933.
“ Red House ”: It is a listed medieval stepped-gable house in the middle village of Vaduz. It belonged to the Vaistli between 1400 and 1500 : The house was acquired by an heir of the Vaistlis in 1525 from the monastery of St. Johann im Thurtal, and the associated vineyard ( Wingert ) has retained its resulting name, Abtswingert, to this day.
St. Florin Chapel: The St. Florin Chapel was a sacred building in the municipality of Vaduz that was probably built in the early modern period. In 1872 the tower and sacristy and in 1874 the remaining parts of the building were demolished, so that the chapel is no longer preserved today. A paving on the floor plan in the center of Vaduz refers to the former location of the chapel. In addition, a large part of the equipment has been preserved or found a new use: the bells of the chapel, for example, were used in the casting of the four bells of the new parish church of St. Florin.
St. Florin Cathedral : The neo-Gothic church was built between 1868 and 1873 and inaugurated on October 5, 1873. With the inauguration of the parish church, Vaduz became a parish, as the community had until then been attached to the original parish of Schaan . Until 1997, Liechtenstein belonged to the diocese of Chur . On December 2, 1997, the Archdiocese of Vaduz was established by Pope John Paul II and separated from the Diocese of Chur. At the same time as the founding of the Archdiocese of Vaduz, the parish church of St. Florin was elevated to the status of a cathedral.
St. Josef Chapel: It was built in 1930 and 1931. It is located in the Ebenholz district and is a branch church of the municipality of Vaduz. The chapel can be seen as an example of a clearly structured church type, as was often built in the 1930s.
The Ebenholz Evangelical Church is located in the Ebenholz district and was built in 1962 and 1963. The modern church building has a clear structure with a choir and a tower in the north and an organ gallery above the main entrance. The three bells come from the Schellenberg monastery church and were cast in 1880.
The Johanneskirche is the sacred building of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The church building was built in 1947 as an emergency church in Stuttgart and finally transferred to Liechtenstein as a gift in 1956. The organ, which dates from the early 18th century, is particularly significant.
Princely crypt : Until the Second World War, the princely crypt in Wranau served as a burial place for the princely family of Liechtenstein. When Franz Josef II became the first prince to move his residence to Vaduz, a new grave was built between 1958 and 1960 in the park south of the cathedral. Prince Franz Josef II was the first sovereign to be buried here in 1989. Since 1992 there has been a relief on the wings of the entrance door showing the resurrection of Lazarus .
Liechtenstein State Parliament Building : The state parliament building was opened in 2008 after 7 years of construction. Since then, it has served as a plenary hall for the state parliament of the Principality of Liechtenstein , where all members of the state parliament can sit at a single round table. Over a million clinker bricks, 600 tons of steel and 5,800 cubic meters of concrete were used in the construction, which cost 42.2 million Swiss francs.
Government building of Liechtenstein : The government building was built from 1903 to 1905 in the neo-baroque style. It contained major technical innovations for Liechtenstein, which was poor at the time: the first central heating system in Liechtenstein was installed in the government building. The building, popularly known as the “Big House”, has been a listed building since 1992.
Vaduz town hall : The town hall was built in 1932 and 1933. Of particular importance is a balcony fresco on the south facade depicting Saint Urban , the patron saint of winegrowers. The coat of arms of the municipality of Vaduz is carved on the entrance front .
“ Rheinbergerhaus ”: The building was built around 1550 and was first mentioned in documents in 1613. It is significant because the composer Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (1839–1901) was born in this house. At the age of twelve he left his hometown to receive musical training in Munich . He worked in Munich his entire life and died there. After the Second World War, he and his wife were transferred to Vaduz in 1945. A bronze portrait of Josef Gabriel Rheinberger was erected in front of his birthplace in 1939/1940.
Old Rhine Bridge : Since 1901, the old Rhine Bridge has connected Vaduz with the Swiss community of Sevelen . The 135 meter long bridge is the only remaining wooden Rhine bridge in Liechtenstein. The bridges of the other Liechtenstein communities were abandoned due to dilapidation or fires and replaced by concrete bridges. Since the opening of the new Rhine bridge, the bridge, which consists of five pillars, has only been accessible to non-motorized private transport. It was extensively renovated in 2009/2010.
The most important sports club is FC Vaduz . As of 2022, he has won the Liechtenstein Cup 48 times and plays in the second highest Swiss league, the Challenge League . FC Vaduz's venue is the Rheinpark Stadium , where the Liechtenstein national football team also plays its home games.
The Panel numbers (or Pier and Face) quoted at the end of each entry relate to the panels dedicated to the Regiment served with. In some instances where a casualty is recorded as attached to another Regiment, his name may alternatively appear within their Regimental Panel (or Pier and Face). Please refer to the on-site Memorial Register Introduction to determine the alternative panel numbers (or Pier and Face) if you do not find the name within the quoted Panels (or Pier and Face).
On 1 July 1916, supported by a French attack to the south, thirteen divisions of Commonwealth forces launched an offensive on a line from north of Gommecourt to Maricourt. Despite a preliminary bombardment lasting seven days, the German defences were barely touched and the attack met unexpectedly fierce resistance. Losses were catastrophic and with only minimal advances on the southern flank, the initial attack was a failure. In the following weeks, huge resources of manpower and equipment were deployed in an attempt to exploit the modest successes of the first day. However, the German Army resisted tenaciously and repeated attacks and counter attacks meant a major battle for every village, copse and farmhouse gained. At the end of September, Thiepval was finally captured. The village had been an original objective of 1 July. Attacks north and east continued throughout October and into November in increasingly difficult weather conditions. The Battle of the Somme finally ended on 18 November with the onset of winter.
In the spring of 1917, the German forces fell back to their newly prepared defences, the Hindenburg Line, and there were no further significant engagements in the Somme sector until the Germans mounted their major offensive in March 1918.
The Thiepval Memorial, the Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, bears the names of more than 72,000 officers and men of the United Kingdom and South African forces who died in the Somme sector before 20 March 1918 and have no known grave. Over 90% of those commemorated died between July and November 1916. The memorial also serves as an Anglo-French Battle Memorial in recognition of the joint nature of the 1916 offensive and a small cemetery containing equal numbers of Commonwealth and French graves lies at the foot of the memorial.
The memorial, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, was built between 1928 and 1932 and unveiled by the Prince of Wales, in the presence of the President of France, on 1 August 1932 (originally scheduled for 16 May but due to the death of French President Doumer the ceremony was postponed until August).
The dead of other Commonwealth countries, who died on the Somme and have no known graves, are commemorated on national memorials elsewhere.
Image from 'A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode, with other ancient & modern ballads and songs relating to this celebrated yeoman. To which is prefixed his history and character, grounded upon other documents than those made use of by ... “Mister Ritson.” Edited by J. M. Gutch', 001726444
Author: HOOD, Robin.
Volume: 02
Page: 196
Year: 1847
Place: London
Publisher: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans
Following the link above will take you to the British Library's integrated catalogue. You will be able to download a PDF of the book this image is taken from, as well as view the pages up close with the 'itemViewer'. Click on the 'related items' to search for the electronic version of this work.
April, 2009
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY AND TO THE END AS THIS RELATES TO ANOTHER, PERHAPS MORE SIGNIFICANT PICTURE (no 25).
THIS MAY BE AN IMPORTANT SHOT BECAUSE IT SHOWS THE OVERGROWN AREA, IN NO 23, BEHIND AND TO THE RIGHT OF ONE OF MY SHEDS.
I AM GOING TO TRY AND SHOW THE POSITION OF A FENCE THAT MAY BE PRESENT IN ANOTHER PICTURE (NO 25), BUT THIS FENCE IS TO THE RIGHT OF THE SHED HERE, AND I NEED YOU TO NOTICE THAT to the right is a green plastic coated metal mesh fence, supported by thin metal rods. The arrangement of leaves over a wooded vertical post would indicate that this was THE SAME AREA AS IN THE PICTURE (NO 25) SHOWING A WOODEN POST, TREES, AND A CLEARED AREA TO THE RIGHT . This is clearing I did to make the removal of the bamboo easier for the Davis 's workmen, and went on to clear it further after they left..
It does in fact, IN PICTURE NO 23, show a fence dividing off part of that SHRUBBERY AREA (look on the right section amongst all the shrubbery),, FROM THE GRASSED AREA FURTHER UP THE GARDEN TO THE HOUSE. This was not usually visible in previous years from my garden because of the extent of the overgrowth, both this side and the other side of it, and consequently, I had not realised this fence was there. It looks faded and is at an angle, and looks similar to the fencing separating no 23 from no 25 (before the much more modern higher fencing appeared after Shirley inherited the property).
i.e., I would think that it had been there some time, but could not make a guess about the exact period.
IF THIS IS AN IMPORTANT ISSUE FOR THE PLANNING DEPARTMENT, MAY I ASK THAT THEY PHONE, E-MAIL, OR WRITE TO ME SO THAT I COULD GET FURTHER INFORMATION FOR THEM FROM THE GARDENER WHO HAD GARDENED HERE FOR AT LEAST 25 YEARS, PROBABLY LONGER, OR THE PREVIOUS MAIN OWNER, SHIRLEY HARRISON, BOTH OF WHOM I HAVE ADDRESSES FOR, ALTHOUGH IT IS A LITTLE WHILE SINCE I MADE CONTACT WITH THE GARDENER.
This last sentence is an added note, made after talking with Dave, who confirmed that there had been a fence dividing Kathleen's land from the allotment she bought, and the fence seen here may or may not be a remnant of that.
Item Number:10123-62
Document Title:Layout for Relating Pool & Tennis to Existing Facilities Scale: 1" = 100'
Project:10123; Wickham Park; Manchester; East Hartford; Connecticut; 15 Non-job Related; 278 PLANS ()
Artist/Creator:OA / OLMSTED ASSOCIATES
Location:Olmsted National Historic Site, Brookline, MA
Category:PLAN
Purpose:LAY
Physical Characteristics:0000189802 40.5 x 50.5 diazo pos graphite paper
Dates:23-OCT-1963
Notes:Print of outdoor display map, annotated to include pool and tennis area. Contains legend. Stamped "Record print to Mr. Bezanson on Oct. 23 1963".
Please credit: Courtesy of the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site.
Urban (ɜːʳbən) adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Urban means belonging to, or relating to, a town or city.
Arborist (ˈɑːrbərɪst)
noun
A specialist in the cultivation and care of trees and shrubs, including tree surgery, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tree diseases, and the control of pests
collinsdictionary.com
How do you manage trees that were planted in the 1960s as part of post-war housing development in the third decade of the 21st Millennium? With great care, dinosaur smoke and mankind’s great pursuit in conquest over nature.
The process being undertaken in these photos is what's called pollarding, where a trees limbs are removed entirely to encourage later dense growth within 1 to 2 years. Only certain species of trees can handle this brutal operation, like these London Plane trees here. Once a tree is pollarded, it has to be regularly maintained in 5-10 year operations.
Historically, wood harvested from this method would be used to feed livestock or for light timber, but these days, thanks to the infernal combustion engine, two operatives can pollard five trees in as many hours, with the tree limbs being quite violently mechanically separated and carted off to be used either as mulch or biofuel.
I find arboriculture rather fascinating; living amongst the trees in an urban environment, arborists have been a regular sight over the years, performing everything from whole tree clearings to dead wood pruning, I’ve seen them do a lot.
It’s a highly skilled profession with some of the most dangerous and violent tools possible in the workplace – Darwin Award nominees are quickly weeded out.
There is a strange beauty to the brutality of efficiency, especially towards articles of nature.
Postal Museum (Liechtenstein)
The postal museum in the English building in Vaduz
The Postal Museum of the Principality of Liechtenstein exhibits documents relating to philately and postal history in the Principality of Liechtenstein . The museum is affiliated with the Liechtenstein State Museum . It is located in the center of Vaduz in the so-called English building - the first steel-framed building in the country.
History
The museum was founded in 1930 to collect stamp issues and other important documents from the country's philately and postal history and make them accessible to the public. The museum opened in 1936. Hermann E. Sieger carried out significant curatorial work .
After the museum was housed in various rooms, it has been in the English building since 2002 .
Exhibition
The focus of the exhibition is on the stamps issued by the Principality of Liechtenstein since 1912. The museum also presents the most important designs, proofs and engraving plates as well as other important documents of postal history and historical postal equipment. In addition to the permanent exhibitions, changing exhibitions are also held periodically.
Postage stamps in the pedestrian zone
Since May 2011, a selection of oversized Liechtenstein stamps has been on display in the Städtle – Vaduz's pedestrian zone. The 25 stamp reproductions function here as pavement slabs.
Vaduz is the capital of the Principality of Liechtenstein . The municipality in the Oberland is the residence of the prince as well as the seat of the state government , the state parliament and all courts . It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of the same name .
Vaduz is particularly well-known for its role as an international financial center . The municipality has six exclaves and is therefore an administrative unit divided into seven. The inhabitants are called Vaduzer , the adjective is Vaduzisch .
The municipality has an area of 17,284 km² and includes the village of Vaduz and its immediate surroundings as well as six exclaves. The area with the village of Vaduz borders Schaan to the north , Triesenberg to the east, Triesen to the south and the Swiss communities of Sevelen and Buchs SG , located on the other side of the Rhine , to the west . The highest point in the municipality is 2150 m above sea level. M. the silver horn .
Four exclaves are located in the Rhine Valley. These are the agriculturally used Vaduzer Riet between the Schaaner industrial area and Eschen / Nendeln , the forests of Forst at the foot of the Three Sisters massif and Rüttistein and Dachsegg above Planken . The forest plots are owned by the Vaduz citizens' cooperative , whose members are entitled to the annual loose wood. At around 900 m above sea level. Traces of a prehistoric settlement were found in Dachsegg.
Two exclaves are located in the mountain area: on the one hand, the cooperative Alps Pradamee and Hahnenspiel and on the other hand, the Alp Hinter Valorsch . The Pradamee and Hahnenspiel Alps in the Malbun high valley were formerly known as Vaduz Malbun .
The Alp Hintervalorsch was separated from Vorder- and Mittlervalorsch in 1643 because of a dispute between Vaduz and Schaan and has belonged to Vaduz ever since. [8th]
In 1781, the use of the alpine pastures was divided between the Vaduz upper and lower villages and separate alpine buildings were built on the Under Pradamee (1500 m above sea level) and the Upper Pradamee (1700 m above sea level). Since 1930, the municipality of Vaduz has received around one million cubic meters of drinking water from Pradamee every year. The separate dairy operation ended around the middle of the 20th century. Since then, part of the milk has been made into cheese on the Ober Pradamee.
In 1962, the first ski lift in Malbun was built in the Alp Pradamee area, which was replaced by new chairlifts in 2006 along with other old lifts.
The Alp Hahnenspiel is used as Galtalp . One at approx. 2000 m above sea level. The small cave located M. served as a burial place for a dead person during the early Bronze Age .
Alp Gaflei, which was purchased by the municipality of Vaduz in 1952, is located in the Triesenberg municipality. Although the alpine buildings have been demolished since 2006, the alpine pastures continue to be used.
Vaduz was first mentioned in 1175/1200 as de Faduzes , two mentions from 1021 are later forgeries. The name, like many others in the Rhine Valley, is of Romanesque origin and goes back to Old Romansh auadutg “moat; Canal for mills and sawmills; Mill flume”, which in turn comes from the Latin aquaeductus .
On May 3, 1342, the then dominion of the Counts of Bregenz was divided, creating the County of Vaduz . In 1392, under Counts Henry V. (I.) and Hartmann IV. (II.) of Werdenberg-Sargans-Vaduz, it gained imperial immediacy through a privilege from King Wenceslas . In the following decades and centuries, the county repeatedly became the scene of wars and looting, e.g. B. in the Old Zurich War (1444–1446) or in the Swabian War (1499–1500).
Over time, the rulers of Hohenems became increasingly indebted, so that they were ultimately forced to sell the county of Vaduz and the neighboring lordship of Schellenberg . In 1699, Prince Hans Adam of Liechtenstein acquired the rule of Schellenberg and in 1712 the county of Vaduz. On January 23, 1719, a diploma from Emperor Charles VI united. the county of Vaduz with the rule of Schellenberg and raised it to an imperial principality with the name Liechtenstein. As a result, Vaduz became increasingly important.
In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte founded the Confederation of the Rhine , which also included Liechtenstein and thereby effectively became independent. This independence was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna and Liechtenstein was accepted into the German Confederation .
However, Liechtenstein – and thus also Vaduz – remained very backward for a long time. It was only the customs treaty concluded with Austria in 1852 that enabled economic conditions to improve, and a constitutional constitution of 1862 brought political change so that the prince could no longer rule without restrictions.
The First World War impoverished the population, and at the end of the war the customs agreement with the war loser Austria-Hungary was dissolved.
After the customs treaty with Austria was dissolved in 1919, Liechtenstein became increasingly closer to Switzerland , and in 1923 the customs treaty with Switzerland, which still exists today, was signed. After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in March 1938, the newly ruling Prince Franz Josef II, the first prince of Liechtenstein, decided - because of his rejection of National Socialism - to move his residence to Liechtenstein to Vaduz Castle . Liechtenstein remained neutral during the Second World War and was never involved in direct hostilities. Instead, the principality was able to use its locational advantages (no loss of army personnel, central location, customs union with Switzerland, tax advantages, political stability), so that many new industrial companies were founded in Vaduz, but also in the wider principality, and progress in the country began to make rapid progress .
As of December 31, 2018, Vaduz had 5,625 inhabitants and was the second largest municipality in Liechtenstein after Schaan (with 6,016 inhabitants). At around 42 percent, the proportion of foreigners in Vaduz was higher than in all other Liechtenstein communities.
According to the 2015 census, 66.5 percent of the total population is Roman Catholic , with the proportion of Catholics among the population with Liechtenstein citizenship (80.8 percent) being significantly higher than among the population with foreign citizenship (47.1 percent Catholics). 10.1 percent of Vaduz's residents are Protestants , and 2.6 percent belong to another Christian church (majority Christian Orthodox churches ). 7.7 percent are Muslim , and other religions make up 0.75 percent of the population. Non-religious people make up 9.2 percent of the population - the highest proportion in Liechtenstein.
In the historical lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Vaduz is defined as the main town. Despite these official declarations, the term main location appears to be controversial among the general public. The principality's tourism website often refers to Vaduz as the capital, as do several Vaduz hotels, several media outlets (such as the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , Die Welt , the Geo , the Kronen Zeitung or the Deutschlandfunk), the Association of the Consular Corps in the Principality of Liechtenstein and the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Hubert Büchel said during his lecture in the Feldkirch Palais Liechtenstein in 1988 : “Vaduz with 5,000 inhabitants is of a size where we do not yet dare to speak of a ‘capital’, but at best of a ‘capital town’.”
In a travel magazine, the moderator Hape Kerkeling asked the FBP politician and former mayor of Vaduz, Manfred Bischof, whether one could “seriously speak of a capital” for a place with 6,000 inhabitants. Bishop replied that Vaduz could seriously be called a capital, since Liechtenstein is its own country and a country also has a capital.
The former Vaduz local councilor and former president of the Johann Schädler Agra Foundation , Stefanie Hasler, said on “ Vaterland TV ” at the end of 2022 that Vaduz is actually a capital and that “every now and then” he doesn’t dare to say so .
In March 2023, the Munich Merkur described Vaduz as the “de facto capital” of Liechtenstein.
Liechtenstein Art Museum : Opened in 2000, the state museum for modern and contemporary art houses the state art collection of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The facade, a colored and seamlessly cast concrete made of predominantly black basalt rock and colored river gravel, is treated in such a way that “a lively play is created on the reflective surface”.
Liechtenstein State Museum : The cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein is presented here . The museum includes two old buildings and a new building in Vaduz. In addition, the postal museum in Vaduz and a rural living museum in Schellenberg are assigned to the state museum.
“ Engländerbau ” with postal museum : The “Engländerbau” was built in 1933/1934 on behalf of an English company as a commercial building. Today it is an exhibition building that shows changing exhibitions of contemporary art. Since 2002, it has also been home to the Postal Museum, which is part of the State Museum and collects, preserves and makes available to the public important documents and artifacts from Liechtenstein philately and postal history.
Kurt Beck Watch Museum : Opened in March 2018 at Lettstrasse 39, the privately run museum shows around 250 antique watches by the collector Kurt Beck.
Vaduz Castle : The landmark of Vaduz was built in the 12th century and finally expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries. The castle has been owned by the Princes of Liechtenstein since 1712, but was not inhabited for a long time and fell increasingly into disrepair. It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that it was extensively renovated, and in 1938 Prince Franz Josef II became the first prince of Liechtenstein to move his permanent residence to the castle. Since then it has no longer been open to the public.
Schalun ruins : The medieval Schalun castle ruins (also called the “Wildschloss”) were built in the 12th century and were supplemented by other parts of the building over time. The ruins are located above Vaduz Castle at an altitude of approx. 850 m above sea level. M. Large parts of the foundation walls are still preserved today, especially the core of the castle with building remains up to ten meters high. The castle has been owned by the municipality of Vaduz since 1933.
“ Red House ”: It is a listed medieval stepped-gable house in the middle village of Vaduz. It belonged to the Vaistli between 1400 and 1500 : The house was acquired by an heir of the Vaistlis in 1525 from the monastery of St. Johann im Thurtal, and the associated vineyard ( Wingert ) has retained its resulting name, Abtswingert, to this day.
St. Florin Chapel: The St. Florin Chapel was a sacred building in the municipality of Vaduz that was probably built in the early modern period. In 1872 the tower and sacristy and in 1874 the remaining parts of the building were demolished, so that the chapel is no longer preserved today. A paving on the floor plan in the center of Vaduz refers to the former location of the chapel. In addition, a large part of the equipment has been preserved or found a new use: the bells of the chapel, for example, were used in the casting of the four bells of the new parish church of St. Florin.
St. Florin Cathedral : The neo-Gothic church was built between 1868 and 1873 and inaugurated on October 5, 1873. With the inauguration of the parish church, Vaduz became a parish, as the community had until then been attached to the original parish of Schaan . Until 1997, Liechtenstein belonged to the diocese of Chur . On December 2, 1997, the Archdiocese of Vaduz was established by Pope John Paul II and separated from the Diocese of Chur. At the same time as the founding of the Archdiocese of Vaduz, the parish church of St. Florin was elevated to the status of a cathedral.
St. Josef Chapel: It was built in 1930 and 1931. It is located in the Ebenholz district and is a branch church of the municipality of Vaduz. The chapel can be seen as an example of a clearly structured church type, as was often built in the 1930s.
The Ebenholz Evangelical Church is located in the Ebenholz district and was built in 1962 and 1963. The modern church building has a clear structure with a choir and a tower in the north and an organ gallery above the main entrance. The three bells come from the Schellenberg monastery church and were cast in 1880.
The Johanneskirche is the sacred building of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The church building was built in 1947 as an emergency church in Stuttgart and finally transferred to Liechtenstein as a gift in 1956. The organ, which dates from the early 18th century, is particularly significant.
Princely crypt : Until the Second World War, the princely crypt in Wranau served as a burial place for the princely family of Liechtenstein. When Franz Josef II became the first prince to move his residence to Vaduz, a new grave was built between 1958 and 1960 in the park south of the cathedral. Prince Franz Josef II was the first sovereign to be buried here in 1989. Since 1992 there has been a relief on the wings of the entrance door showing the resurrection of Lazarus .
Liechtenstein State Parliament Building : The state parliament building was opened in 2008 after 7 years of construction. Since then, it has served as a plenary hall for the state parliament of the Principality of Liechtenstein , where all members of the state parliament can sit at a single round table. Over a million clinker bricks, 600 tons of steel and 5,800 cubic meters of concrete were used in the construction, which cost 42.2 million Swiss francs.
Government building of Liechtenstein : The government building was built from 1903 to 1905 in the neo-baroque style. It contained major technical innovations for Liechtenstein, which was poor at the time: the first central heating system in Liechtenstein was installed in the government building. The building, popularly known as the “Big House”, has been a listed building since 1992.
Vaduz town hall : The town hall was built in 1932 and 1933. Of particular importance is a balcony fresco on the south facade depicting Saint Urban , the patron saint of winegrowers. The coat of arms of the municipality of Vaduz is carved on the entrance front .
“ Rheinbergerhaus ”: The building was built around 1550 and was first mentioned in documents in 1613. It is significant because the composer Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (1839–1901) was born in this house. At the age of twelve he left his hometown to receive musical training in Munich . He worked in Munich his entire life and died there. After the Second World War, he and his wife were transferred to Vaduz in 1945. A bronze portrait of Josef Gabriel Rheinberger was erected in front of his birthplace in 1939/1940.
Old Rhine Bridge : Since 1901, the old Rhine Bridge has connected Vaduz with the Swiss community of Sevelen . The 135 meter long bridge is the only remaining wooden Rhine bridge in Liechtenstein. The bridges of the other Liechtenstein communities were abandoned due to dilapidation or fires and replaced by concrete bridges. Since the opening of the new Rhine bridge, the bridge, which consists of five pillars, has only been accessible to non-motorized private transport. It was extensively renovated in 2009/2010.
The most important sports club is FC Vaduz . As of 2022, he has won the Liechtenstein Cup 48 times and plays in the second highest Swiss league, the Challenge League . FC Vaduz's venue is the Rheinpark Stadium , where the Liechtenstein national football team also plays its home games.
Image from 'Thirty-five years in the East. Adventures, discoveries, experiments, and historical sketches, relating to the Punjab and Cashmere', 001725500
Author: Honigberger, John Martin
Page: 175
Year: 1852
Place: London
Publisher:
Following the link above will take you to the British Library's integrated catalogue. You will be able to download a PDF of the book this image is taken from, as well as view the pages up close with the 'itemViewer'. Click on the 'related items' to search for the electronic version of this work.
Open the page in the British Library's itemViewer (page: 000175)
Definition: Technical:
1. Of, relating to, or derived from technique.
2.
a. Having special skill or practical knowledge especially in a mechanical or scientific field: a technical adviser.
b. Used in or peculiar to a specific field or profession; specialized: technical terminology.
3.
a. Belonging or relating to a particular subject: technical expertise.
b. Of, relating to, or involving the practical, mechanical, or industrial arts or the applied sciences: a technical school.
4.
a. Abstract or theoretical: a technical analysis.
b. Of, relating to, or employing the methodology of science; scientific.
5. According to principle; formal rather than practical: a technical advantage.
6. Industrial and mechanical; technological.
7. Relating to or based on analysis of market indicators, such as trading volume and fluctuations in securities prices, rather than underlying economic conditions such as corporate earnings, inflation, and unemployment: a technical correction in the stock market.
Idea: I based the design of this tree on the design of an eclipse viewer or an old brown box camera, but instead of using a small hole, I used a tree shape.
Process: I made this tree by cutting the shape of a palm tree into the bottom of the box Optus sent me my new modem in and then painting the whole thing green. This is the view from the inside.
Definition: Technical:
1. Of, relating to, or derived from technique.
2.
a. Having special skill or practical knowledge especially in a mechanical or scientific field: a technical adviser.
b. Used in or peculiar to a specific field or profession; specialized: technical terminology.
3.
a. Belonging or relating to a particular subject: technical expertise.
b. Of, relating to, or involving the practical, mechanical, or industrial arts or the applied sciences: a technical school.
4.
a. Abstract or theoretical: a technical analysis.
b. Of, relating to, or employing the methodology of science; scientific.
5. According to principle; formal rather than practical: a technical advantage.
6. Industrial and mechanical; technological.
7. Relating to or based on analysis of market indicators, such as trading volume and fluctuations in securities prices, rather than underlying economic conditions such as corporate earnings, inflation, and unemployment: a technical correction in the stock market.
Idea: I was pretty confused with this one, because everyone seems to take this to mean technology, but it doesn’t. So with that definition in mind I realised that this tree could be made out of just about anything that was systematically placed or worked to form the shape of a tree in a far more skilled/difficult manner, or it could be number meaning no 6 "Technological". I thought I’d cover both.
This is my "Technological" or "Technology" tree.
Process: I made this tree from a whole lot of CDs that I placed on a table to form the shape of a stylised tree. Then I turned off the lights and tried to use the camera flash from above them to get a the best colour and light reflections from the CDs. The hardest part was getting the flash angle right.
AiA#14 directly relates to this screenshot here. Golden Draenite are required by Tailors to craft a flying Rug mount. In my experience, players are willing to pay 11g each for them, ithout hesitation, so seeing them posted for 7g or less is a must buy and resell situation. #14 shows the money I got in the mail from successfully concluding the buy / sell.
Image from '[Historical Collections of the State of New Jersey ... relating to its history and antiquities, with geographical descriptions of every township in the State. [With illustrations.]]', 000194808
Author: BARBER, John Warner and HOWE (Henry)
Page: 333
Year: 1852
Place: Newark, N.J
Publisher: J. H. Bradley
Following the link above will take you to the British Library's integrated catalogue. You will be able to download a PDF of the book this image is taken from, as well as view the pages up close with the 'itemViewer'. Click on the 'related items' to search for the electronic version of this work.
Lomography relates to Lomographic photographers who advocate creative and experimental film photography. The name is inspired by the former state-run optics manufacturer LOMO PLC of Saint Petersburg, Russia that created and produced the 35 mm LOMO LC-A Compact Automat camera, now central to lomography. This camera was loosely based upon the Cosina CX-1 and introduced in the early 1980's.
Postcard
The Fay Thomas Collection includes family archives relating to the Thomas family. Moses Thomas (1825-1878) was a significant figure in the history of the area now known as the City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia. Thomas and Ann and their family lived at "Mayfield", Mernda, Victoria.
Miss Lily Thomas (1871-1946), Thomas and Ann’s fourth daughter lived there all her life. She collected postcards which her family and friends sent her on a very regular basis. It was an easy and enjoyable way to keep in touch. Production of postcards blossomed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Lily’s collection encompasses the so-called Golden Age (1890-1915) with many postmarked 1906-1907. Some were sent to other members of the family.
The collection document the natural landscape as well as the built environment—buildings, gardens, parks, and tourist sites. Topographical Postcards showing street scenes and general views from Australian and international locations, some of which are artistic views. Popular postcard manufacturers such as Tuck’s Postcards are included in the collection.
Decorative cards, many embellished with floral motives (as a nod to the receiver Lily?) and embossing. Greeting cards are common for Christmas, New Year, Easter and of course birthdays.
Regular senders can be identified from Kyneton and the Great Ocean Road area, Victoria and there is a siginifant collection from Scotland (but not sent from there).
YPRL hold digital copies of the Papers of the Moses Thomas Family held at State Library Victoria
Copyright for these images is Public domain but a credit to the Fay Thomas Collection and YPRL would be appreciated.
Enquiries: Yarra Plenty Regional Library
The invention relates to a joint system of rescue and provision supply capsules for aircraft. The present invention relates to the field of the art aimed at substantially reducing the consequences of an aviation disaster by dividing the passenger, crew and cargo compartments inside the fuselage of an aircraft into independent capsules. In the event of an imminent impact, said capsules can be ejected from the rest of the aircraft fuselage through a hatch located in the tail of the aircraft, with the help of a conveyor belt arranged longitudinally on the floor of the fuselage and on which the capsules rest, and longitudinal rails for guiding the capsules . The invention can also be used for the aerial supply of provisions to communities or ground troops.
Now there are available licenses of this patent "Joint system of rescue and provision supply capsules for aircraft"
video:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2eztYtLwIM
This new concept in aviation safety,and perhaps also applicable in space shuttles,consists of a system of independent capsules, situated inside the fuselage of the airplane. The capsules are pulled outside by means of a conveyor belt and leave the airplane through a hatch in the aft fuselage; next, parachutes are deployed and guide each capsule to safe landing on land or water.
This invention also can be used for humanitarian supply to populations in an emergency situation or in remote areas, e.g. during a natural disaster, or to military ground forces. A capsule can also be equipped as a mini-hospital and function as a shelter, until it is recuperated by helicopter, while the treated persons are still inside the capsule.Joining the capsules by hellicopters,a hospital can be a reality everywhere.
Furthermore, the capsules are reusable and can be reinstalled in an aircraft for use in future operations / flights.
Website:http://www.agustinaguinaldo.neosites.com
rescuecapsules@gmail.com
March 19, 2014. Boston, MA.
Kick Butts Day 2014. Representatives from the Department of Public Health (DPH) today joined more than 250 young people from across the Commonwealth at the State House for the national observance of Kick Butts Day, recognizing the contributions of teenagers in smoking cessation and prevention efforts.
The young people participating in today’s event are part of DPH’s youth movement, The 84, which represents the 84 percent of young people in Massachusetts who don’t smoke.
High school students involved in The 84 have been educating their communities and their local lawmakers about issues relating to tobacco and, working with local health boards and other programs; have promoted effective tobacco prevention strategies in their communities. Members of The 84 Movement have been vital in fighting the way tobacco industry markets its products to youth.
© 2014 Marilyn Humphries
March 19, 2014. Boston, MA.
Kick Butts Day 2014. Representatives from the Department of Public Health (DPH) today joined more than 250 young people from across the Commonwealth at the State House for the national observance of Kick Butts Day, recognizing the contributions of teenagers in smoking cessation and prevention efforts.
The young people participating in today’s event are part of DPH’s youth movement, The 84, which represents the 84 percent of young people in Massachusetts who don’t smoke.
High school students involved in The 84 have been educating their communities and their local lawmakers about issues relating to tobacco and, working with local health boards and other programs; have promoted effective tobacco prevention strategies in their communities. Members of The 84 Movement have been vital in fighting the way tobacco industry markets its products to youth.
© 2014 Marilyn Humphries
Warm-up exercise on how do the participants relate to each other in the "Every Compani is a Wiki" workshop
Postal Museum (Liechtenstein)
The postal museum in the English building in Vaduz
The Postal Museum of the Principality of Liechtenstein exhibits documents relating to philately and postal history in the Principality of Liechtenstein . The museum is affiliated with the Liechtenstein State Museum . It is located in the center of Vaduz in the so-called English building - the first steel-framed building in the country.
History
The museum was founded in 1930 to collect stamp issues and other important documents from the country's philately and postal history and make them accessible to the public. The museum opened in 1936. Hermann E. Sieger carried out significant curatorial work .
After the museum was housed in various rooms, it has been in the English building since 2002 .
Exhibition
The focus of the exhibition is on the stamps issued by the Principality of Liechtenstein since 1912. The museum also presents the most important designs, proofs and engraving plates as well as other important documents of postal history and historical postal equipment. In addition to the permanent exhibitions, changing exhibitions are also held periodically.
Postage stamps in the pedestrian zone
Since May 2011, a selection of oversized Liechtenstein stamps has been on display in the Städtle – Vaduz's pedestrian zone. The 25 stamp reproductions function here as pavement slabs.
Vaduz is the capital of the Principality of Liechtenstein . The municipality in the Oberland is the residence of the prince as well as the seat of the state government , the state parliament and all courts . It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of the same name .
Vaduz is particularly well-known for its role as an international financial center . The municipality has six exclaves and is therefore an administrative unit divided into seven. The inhabitants are called Vaduzer , the adjective is Vaduzisch .
The municipality has an area of 17,284 km² and includes the village of Vaduz and its immediate surroundings as well as six exclaves. The area with the village of Vaduz borders Schaan to the north , Triesenberg to the east, Triesen to the south and the Swiss communities of Sevelen and Buchs SG , located on the other side of the Rhine , to the west . The highest point in the municipality is 2150 m above sea level. M. the silver horn .
Four exclaves are located in the Rhine Valley. These are the agriculturally used Vaduzer Riet between the Schaaner industrial area and Eschen / Nendeln , the forests of Forst at the foot of the Three Sisters massif and Rüttistein and Dachsegg above Planken . The forest plots are owned by the Vaduz citizens' cooperative , whose members are entitled to the annual loose wood. At around 900 m above sea level. Traces of a prehistoric settlement were found in Dachsegg.
Two exclaves are located in the mountain area: on the one hand, the cooperative Alps Pradamee and Hahnenspiel and on the other hand, the Alp Hinter Valorsch . The Pradamee and Hahnenspiel Alps in the Malbun high valley were formerly known as Vaduz Malbun .
The Alp Hintervalorsch was separated from Vorder- and Mittlervalorsch in 1643 because of a dispute between Vaduz and Schaan and has belonged to Vaduz ever since. [8th]
In 1781, the use of the alpine pastures was divided between the Vaduz upper and lower villages and separate alpine buildings were built on the Under Pradamee (1500 m above sea level) and the Upper Pradamee (1700 m above sea level). Since 1930, the municipality of Vaduz has received around one million cubic meters of drinking water from Pradamee every year. The separate dairy operation ended around the middle of the 20th century. Since then, part of the milk has been made into cheese on the Ober Pradamee.
In 1962, the first ski lift in Malbun was built in the Alp Pradamee area, which was replaced by new chairlifts in 2006 along with other old lifts.
The Alp Hahnenspiel is used as Galtalp . One at approx. 2000 m above sea level. The small cave located M. served as a burial place for a dead person during the early Bronze Age .
Alp Gaflei, which was purchased by the municipality of Vaduz in 1952, is located in the Triesenberg municipality. Although the alpine buildings have been demolished since 2006, the alpine pastures continue to be used.
Vaduz was first mentioned in 1175/1200 as de Faduzes , two mentions from 1021 are later forgeries. The name, like many others in the Rhine Valley, is of Romanesque origin and goes back to Old Romansh auadutg “moat; Canal for mills and sawmills; Mill flume”, which in turn comes from the Latin aquaeductus .
On May 3, 1342, the then dominion of the Counts of Bregenz was divided, creating the County of Vaduz . In 1392, under Counts Henry V. (I.) and Hartmann IV. (II.) of Werdenberg-Sargans-Vaduz, it gained imperial immediacy through a privilege from King Wenceslas . In the following decades and centuries, the county repeatedly became the scene of wars and looting, e.g. B. in the Old Zurich War (1444–1446) or in the Swabian War (1499–1500).
Over time, the rulers of Hohenems became increasingly indebted, so that they were ultimately forced to sell the county of Vaduz and the neighboring lordship of Schellenberg . In 1699, Prince Hans Adam of Liechtenstein acquired the rule of Schellenberg and in 1712 the county of Vaduz. On January 23, 1719, a diploma from Emperor Charles VI united. the county of Vaduz with the rule of Schellenberg and raised it to an imperial principality with the name Liechtenstein. As a result, Vaduz became increasingly important.
In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte founded the Confederation of the Rhine , which also included Liechtenstein and thereby effectively became independent. This independence was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna and Liechtenstein was accepted into the German Confederation .
However, Liechtenstein – and thus also Vaduz – remained very backward for a long time. It was only the customs treaty concluded with Austria in 1852 that enabled economic conditions to improve, and a constitutional constitution of 1862 brought political change so that the prince could no longer rule without restrictions.
The First World War impoverished the population, and at the end of the war the customs agreement with the war loser Austria-Hungary was dissolved.
After the customs treaty with Austria was dissolved in 1919, Liechtenstein became increasingly closer to Switzerland , and in 1923 the customs treaty with Switzerland, which still exists today, was signed. After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in March 1938, the newly ruling Prince Franz Josef II, the first prince of Liechtenstein, decided - because of his rejection of National Socialism - to move his residence to Liechtenstein to Vaduz Castle . Liechtenstein remained neutral during the Second World War and was never involved in direct hostilities. Instead, the principality was able to use its locational advantages (no loss of army personnel, central location, customs union with Switzerland, tax advantages, political stability), so that many new industrial companies were founded in Vaduz, but also in the wider principality, and progress in the country began to make rapid progress .
As of December 31, 2018, Vaduz had 5,625 inhabitants and was the second largest municipality in Liechtenstein after Schaan (with 6,016 inhabitants). At around 42 percent, the proportion of foreigners in Vaduz was higher than in all other Liechtenstein communities.
According to the 2015 census, 66.5 percent of the total population is Roman Catholic , with the proportion of Catholics among the population with Liechtenstein citizenship (80.8 percent) being significantly higher than among the population with foreign citizenship (47.1 percent Catholics). 10.1 percent of Vaduz's residents are Protestants , and 2.6 percent belong to another Christian church (majority Christian Orthodox churches ). 7.7 percent are Muslim , and other religions make up 0.75 percent of the population. Non-religious people make up 9.2 percent of the population - the highest proportion in Liechtenstein.
In the historical lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Vaduz is defined as the main town. Despite these official declarations, the term main location appears to be controversial among the general public. The principality's tourism website often refers to Vaduz as the capital, as do several Vaduz hotels, several media outlets (such as the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , Die Welt , the Geo , the Kronen Zeitung or the Deutschlandfunk), the Association of the Consular Corps in the Principality of Liechtenstein and the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Hubert Büchel said during his lecture in the Feldkirch Palais Liechtenstein in 1988 : “Vaduz with 5,000 inhabitants is of a size where we do not yet dare to speak of a ‘capital’, but at best of a ‘capital town’.”
In a travel magazine, the moderator Hape Kerkeling asked the FBP politician and former mayor of Vaduz, Manfred Bischof, whether one could “seriously speak of a capital” for a place with 6,000 inhabitants. Bishop replied that Vaduz could seriously be called a capital, since Liechtenstein is its own country and a country also has a capital.
The former Vaduz local councilor and former president of the Johann Schädler Agra Foundation , Stefanie Hasler, said on “ Vaterland TV ” at the end of 2022 that Vaduz is actually a capital and that “every now and then” he doesn’t dare to say so .
In March 2023, the Munich Merkur described Vaduz as the “de facto capital” of Liechtenstein.
Liechtenstein Art Museum : Opened in 2000, the state museum for modern and contemporary art houses the state art collection of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The facade, a colored and seamlessly cast concrete made of predominantly black basalt rock and colored river gravel, is treated in such a way that “a lively play is created on the reflective surface”.
Liechtenstein State Museum : The cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein is presented here . The museum includes two old buildings and a new building in Vaduz. In addition, the postal museum in Vaduz and a rural living museum in Schellenberg are assigned to the state museum.
“ Engländerbau ” with postal museum : The “Engländerbau” was built in 1933/1934 on behalf of an English company as a commercial building. Today it is an exhibition building that shows changing exhibitions of contemporary art. Since 2002, it has also been home to the Postal Museum, which is part of the State Museum and collects, preserves and makes available to the public important documents and artifacts from Liechtenstein philately and postal history.
Kurt Beck Watch Museum : Opened in March 2018 at Lettstrasse 39, the privately run museum shows around 250 antique watches by the collector Kurt Beck.
Vaduz Castle : The landmark of Vaduz was built in the 12th century and finally expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries. The castle has been owned by the Princes of Liechtenstein since 1712, but was not inhabited for a long time and fell increasingly into disrepair. It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that it was extensively renovated, and in 1938 Prince Franz Josef II became the first prince of Liechtenstein to move his permanent residence to the castle. Since then it has no longer been open to the public.
Schalun ruins : The medieval Schalun castle ruins (also called the “Wildschloss”) were built in the 12th century and were supplemented by other parts of the building over time. The ruins are located above Vaduz Castle at an altitude of approx. 850 m above sea level. M. Large parts of the foundation walls are still preserved today, especially the core of the castle with building remains up to ten meters high. The castle has been owned by the municipality of Vaduz since 1933.
“ Red House ”: It is a listed medieval stepped-gable house in the middle village of Vaduz. It belonged to the Vaistli between 1400 and 1500 : The house was acquired by an heir of the Vaistlis in 1525 from the monastery of St. Johann im Thurtal, and the associated vineyard ( Wingert ) has retained its resulting name, Abtswingert, to this day.
St. Florin Chapel: The St. Florin Chapel was a sacred building in the municipality of Vaduz that was probably built in the early modern period. In 1872 the tower and sacristy and in 1874 the remaining parts of the building were demolished, so that the chapel is no longer preserved today. A paving on the floor plan in the center of Vaduz refers to the former location of the chapel. In addition, a large part of the equipment has been preserved or found a new use: the bells of the chapel, for example, were used in the casting of the four bells of the new parish church of St. Florin.
St. Florin Cathedral : The neo-Gothic church was built between 1868 and 1873 and inaugurated on October 5, 1873. With the inauguration of the parish church, Vaduz became a parish, as the community had until then been attached to the original parish of Schaan . Until 1997, Liechtenstein belonged to the diocese of Chur . On December 2, 1997, the Archdiocese of Vaduz was established by Pope John Paul II and separated from the Diocese of Chur. At the same time as the founding of the Archdiocese of Vaduz, the parish church of St. Florin was elevated to the status of a cathedral.
St. Josef Chapel: It was built in 1930 and 1931. It is located in the Ebenholz district and is a branch church of the municipality of Vaduz. The chapel can be seen as an example of a clearly structured church type, as was often built in the 1930s.
The Ebenholz Evangelical Church is located in the Ebenholz district and was built in 1962 and 1963. The modern church building has a clear structure with a choir and a tower in the north and an organ gallery above the main entrance. The three bells come from the Schellenberg monastery church and were cast in 1880.
The Johanneskirche is the sacred building of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The church building was built in 1947 as an emergency church in Stuttgart and finally transferred to Liechtenstein as a gift in 1956. The organ, which dates from the early 18th century, is particularly significant.
Princely crypt : Until the Second World War, the princely crypt in Wranau served as a burial place for the princely family of Liechtenstein. When Franz Josef II became the first prince to move his residence to Vaduz, a new grave was built between 1958 and 1960 in the park south of the cathedral. Prince Franz Josef II was the first sovereign to be buried here in 1989. Since 1992 there has been a relief on the wings of the entrance door showing the resurrection of Lazarus .
Liechtenstein State Parliament Building : The state parliament building was opened in 2008 after 7 years of construction. Since then, it has served as a plenary hall for the state parliament of the Principality of Liechtenstein , where all members of the state parliament can sit at a single round table. Over a million clinker bricks, 600 tons of steel and 5,800 cubic meters of concrete were used in the construction, which cost 42.2 million Swiss francs.
Government building of Liechtenstein : The government building was built from 1903 to 1905 in the neo-baroque style. It contained major technical innovations for Liechtenstein, which was poor at the time: the first central heating system in Liechtenstein was installed in the government building. The building, popularly known as the “Big House”, has been a listed building since 1992.
Vaduz town hall : The town hall was built in 1932 and 1933. Of particular importance is a balcony fresco on the south facade depicting Saint Urban , the patron saint of winegrowers. The coat of arms of the municipality of Vaduz is carved on the entrance front .
“ Rheinbergerhaus ”: The building was built around 1550 and was first mentioned in documents in 1613. It is significant because the composer Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (1839–1901) was born in this house. At the age of twelve he left his hometown to receive musical training in Munich . He worked in Munich his entire life and died there. After the Second World War, he and his wife were transferred to Vaduz in 1945. A bronze portrait of Josef Gabriel Rheinberger was erected in front of his birthplace in 1939/1940.
Old Rhine Bridge : Since 1901, the old Rhine Bridge has connected Vaduz with the Swiss community of Sevelen . The 135 meter long bridge is the only remaining wooden Rhine bridge in Liechtenstein. The bridges of the other Liechtenstein communities were abandoned due to dilapidation or fires and replaced by concrete bridges. Since the opening of the new Rhine bridge, the bridge, which consists of five pillars, has only been accessible to non-motorized private transport. It was extensively renovated in 2009/2010.
The most important sports club is FC Vaduz . As of 2022, he has won the Liechtenstein Cup 48 times and plays in the second highest Swiss league, the Challenge League . FC Vaduz's venue is the Rheinpark Stadium , where the Liechtenstein national football team also plays its home games.
C:\Users\re-dossett\Videos\Uploads from R.E. Dossett\Relate wisely to those who hold unto relief-centred thinking!.mp4
Postcard
The Fay Thomas Collection includes family archives relating to the Thomas family. Moses Thomas (1825-1878) was a significant figure in the history of the area now known as the City of Whittlesea, Victoria, Australia. Thomas and Ann and their family lived at "Mayfield", Mernda, Victoria.
Miss Lily Thomas (1871-1946), Thomas and Ann’s fourth daughter lived there all her life. She collected postcards which her family and friends sent her on a very regular basis. It was an easy and enjoyable way to keep in touch. Production of postcards blossomed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Lily’s collection encompasses the so-called Golden Age (1890-1915) with many postmarked 1906-1907. Some were sent to other members of the family.
The collection document the natural landscape as well as the built environment—buildings, gardens, parks, and tourist sites. Topographical Postcards showing street scenes and general views from Australian and international locations, some of which are artistic views. Popular postcard manufacturers such as Tuck’s Postcards are included in the collection.
Decorative cards, many embellished with floral motives (as a nod to the receiver Lily?) and embossing. Greeting cards are common for Christmas, New Year, Easter and of course birthdays.
Regular senders can be identified from Kyneton and the Great Ocean Road area, Victoria and there is a siginifant collection from Scotland (but not sent from there).
YPRL hold digital copies of the Papers of the Moses Thomas Family held at State Library Victoria
Copyright for these images is Public domain but a credit to the Fay Thomas Collection and YPRL would be appreciated.
Enquiries: Yarra Plenty Regional Library
Postal Museum (Liechtenstein)
The postal museum in the English building in Vaduz
The Postal Museum of the Principality of Liechtenstein exhibits documents relating to philately and postal history in the Principality of Liechtenstein . The museum is affiliated with the Liechtenstein State Museum . It is located in the center of Vaduz in the so-called English building - the first steel-framed building in the country.
History
The museum was founded in 1930 to collect stamp issues and other important documents from the country's philately and postal history and make them accessible to the public. The museum opened in 1936. Hermann E. Sieger carried out significant curatorial work .
After the museum was housed in various rooms, it has been in the English building since 2002 .
Exhibition
The focus of the exhibition is on the stamps issued by the Principality of Liechtenstein since 1912. The museum also presents the most important designs, proofs and engraving plates as well as other important documents of postal history and historical postal equipment. In addition to the permanent exhibitions, changing exhibitions are also held periodically.
Postage stamps in the pedestrian zone
Since May 2011, a selection of oversized Liechtenstein stamps has been on display in the Städtle – Vaduz's pedestrian zone. The 25 stamp reproductions function here as pavement slabs.
Vaduz is the capital of the Principality of Liechtenstein . The municipality in the Oberland is the residence of the prince as well as the seat of the state government , the state parliament and all courts . It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic archdiocese of the same name .
Vaduz is particularly well-known for its role as an international financial center . The municipality has six exclaves and is therefore an administrative unit divided into seven. The inhabitants are called Vaduzer , the adjective is Vaduzisch .
The municipality has an area of 17,284 km² and includes the village of Vaduz and its immediate surroundings as well as six exclaves. The area with the village of Vaduz borders Schaan to the north , Triesenberg to the east, Triesen to the south and the Swiss communities of Sevelen and Buchs SG , located on the other side of the Rhine , to the west . The highest point in the municipality is 2150 m above sea level. M. the silver horn .
Four exclaves are located in the Rhine Valley. These are the agriculturally used Vaduzer Riet between the Schaaner industrial area and Eschen / Nendeln , the forests of Forst at the foot of the Three Sisters massif and Rüttistein and Dachsegg above Planken . The forest plots are owned by the Vaduz citizens' cooperative , whose members are entitled to the annual loose wood. At around 900 m above sea level. Traces of a prehistoric settlement were found in Dachsegg.
Two exclaves are located in the mountain area: on the one hand, the cooperative Alps Pradamee and Hahnenspiel and on the other hand, the Alp Hinter Valorsch . The Pradamee and Hahnenspiel Alps in the Malbun high valley were formerly known as Vaduz Malbun .
The Alp Hintervalorsch was separated from Vorder- and Mittlervalorsch in 1643 because of a dispute between Vaduz and Schaan and has belonged to Vaduz ever since. [8th]
In 1781, the use of the alpine pastures was divided between the Vaduz upper and lower villages and separate alpine buildings were built on the Under Pradamee (1500 m above sea level) and the Upper Pradamee (1700 m above sea level). Since 1930, the municipality of Vaduz has received around one million cubic meters of drinking water from Pradamee every year. The separate dairy operation ended around the middle of the 20th century. Since then, part of the milk has been made into cheese on the Ober Pradamee.
In 1962, the first ski lift in Malbun was built in the Alp Pradamee area, which was replaced by new chairlifts in 2006 along with other old lifts.
The Alp Hahnenspiel is used as Galtalp . One at approx. 2000 m above sea level. The small cave located M. served as a burial place for a dead person during the early Bronze Age .
Alp Gaflei, which was purchased by the municipality of Vaduz in 1952, is located in the Triesenberg municipality. Although the alpine buildings have been demolished since 2006, the alpine pastures continue to be used.
Vaduz was first mentioned in 1175/1200 as de Faduzes , two mentions from 1021 are later forgeries. The name, like many others in the Rhine Valley, is of Romanesque origin and goes back to Old Romansh auadutg “moat; Canal for mills and sawmills; Mill flume”, which in turn comes from the Latin aquaeductus .
On May 3, 1342, the then dominion of the Counts of Bregenz was divided, creating the County of Vaduz . In 1392, under Counts Henry V. (I.) and Hartmann IV. (II.) of Werdenberg-Sargans-Vaduz, it gained imperial immediacy through a privilege from King Wenceslas . In the following decades and centuries, the county repeatedly became the scene of wars and looting, e.g. B. in the Old Zurich War (1444–1446) or in the Swabian War (1499–1500).
Over time, the rulers of Hohenems became increasingly indebted, so that they were ultimately forced to sell the county of Vaduz and the neighboring lordship of Schellenberg . In 1699, Prince Hans Adam of Liechtenstein acquired the rule of Schellenberg and in 1712 the county of Vaduz. On January 23, 1719, a diploma from Emperor Charles VI united. the county of Vaduz with the rule of Schellenberg and raised it to an imperial principality with the name Liechtenstein. As a result, Vaduz became increasingly important.
In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte founded the Confederation of the Rhine , which also included Liechtenstein and thereby effectively became independent. This independence was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna and Liechtenstein was accepted into the German Confederation .
However, Liechtenstein – and thus also Vaduz – remained very backward for a long time. It was only the customs treaty concluded with Austria in 1852 that enabled economic conditions to improve, and a constitutional constitution of 1862 brought political change so that the prince could no longer rule without restrictions.
The First World War impoverished the population, and at the end of the war the customs agreement with the war loser Austria-Hungary was dissolved.
After the customs treaty with Austria was dissolved in 1919, Liechtenstein became increasingly closer to Switzerland , and in 1923 the customs treaty with Switzerland, which still exists today, was signed. After Austria was annexed to the German Reich in March 1938, the newly ruling Prince Franz Josef II, the first prince of Liechtenstein, decided - because of his rejection of National Socialism - to move his residence to Liechtenstein to Vaduz Castle . Liechtenstein remained neutral during the Second World War and was never involved in direct hostilities. Instead, the principality was able to use its locational advantages (no loss of army personnel, central location, customs union with Switzerland, tax advantages, political stability), so that many new industrial companies were founded in Vaduz, but also in the wider principality, and progress in the country began to make rapid progress .
As of December 31, 2018, Vaduz had 5,625 inhabitants and was the second largest municipality in Liechtenstein after Schaan (with 6,016 inhabitants). At around 42 percent, the proportion of foreigners in Vaduz was higher than in all other Liechtenstein communities.
According to the 2015 census, 66.5 percent of the total population is Roman Catholic , with the proportion of Catholics among the population with Liechtenstein citizenship (80.8 percent) being significantly higher than among the population with foreign citizenship (47.1 percent Catholics). 10.1 percent of Vaduz's residents are Protestants , and 2.6 percent belong to another Christian church (majority Christian Orthodox churches ). 7.7 percent are Muslim , and other religions make up 0.75 percent of the population. Non-religious people make up 9.2 percent of the population - the highest proportion in Liechtenstein.
In the historical lexicon of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Vaduz is defined as the main town. Despite these official declarations, the term main location appears to be controversial among the general public. The principality's tourism website often refers to Vaduz as the capital, as do several Vaduz hotels, several media outlets (such as the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , Die Welt , the Geo , the Kronen Zeitung or the Deutschlandfunk), the Association of the Consular Corps in the Principality of Liechtenstein and the Foreign Office of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Hubert Büchel said during his lecture in the Feldkirch Palais Liechtenstein in 1988 : “Vaduz with 5,000 inhabitants is of a size where we do not yet dare to speak of a ‘capital’, but at best of a ‘capital town’.”
In a travel magazine, the moderator Hape Kerkeling asked the FBP politician and former mayor of Vaduz, Manfred Bischof, whether one could “seriously speak of a capital” for a place with 6,000 inhabitants. Bishop replied that Vaduz could seriously be called a capital, since Liechtenstein is its own country and a country also has a capital.
The former Vaduz local councilor and former president of the Johann Schädler Agra Foundation , Stefanie Hasler, said on “ Vaterland TV ” at the end of 2022 that Vaduz is actually a capital and that “every now and then” he doesn’t dare to say so .
In March 2023, the Munich Merkur described Vaduz as the “de facto capital” of Liechtenstein.
Liechtenstein Art Museum : Opened in 2000, the state museum for modern and contemporary art houses the state art collection of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The facade, a colored and seamlessly cast concrete made of predominantly black basalt rock and colored river gravel, is treated in such a way that “a lively play is created on the reflective surface”.
Liechtenstein State Museum : The cultural and natural history of Liechtenstein is presented here . The museum includes two old buildings and a new building in Vaduz. In addition, the postal museum in Vaduz and a rural living museum in Schellenberg are assigned to the state museum.
“ Engländerbau ” with postal museum : The “Engländerbau” was built in 1933/1934 on behalf of an English company as a commercial building. Today it is an exhibition building that shows changing exhibitions of contemporary art. Since 2002, it has also been home to the Postal Museum, which is part of the State Museum and collects, preserves and makes available to the public important documents and artifacts from Liechtenstein philately and postal history.
Kurt Beck Watch Museum : Opened in March 2018 at Lettstrasse 39, the privately run museum shows around 250 antique watches by the collector Kurt Beck.
Vaduz Castle : The landmark of Vaduz was built in the 12th century and finally expanded in the 16th and 17th centuries. The castle has been owned by the Princes of Liechtenstein since 1712, but was not inhabited for a long time and fell increasingly into disrepair. It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that it was extensively renovated, and in 1938 Prince Franz Josef II became the first prince of Liechtenstein to move his permanent residence to the castle. Since then it has no longer been open to the public.
Schalun ruins : The medieval Schalun castle ruins (also called the “Wildschloss”) were built in the 12th century and were supplemented by other parts of the building over time. The ruins are located above Vaduz Castle at an altitude of approx. 850 m above sea level. M. Large parts of the foundation walls are still preserved today, especially the core of the castle with building remains up to ten meters high. The castle has been owned by the municipality of Vaduz since 1933.
“ Red House ”: It is a listed medieval stepped-gable house in the middle village of Vaduz. It belonged to the Vaistli between 1400 and 1500 : The house was acquired by an heir of the Vaistlis in 1525 from the monastery of St. Johann im Thurtal, and the associated vineyard ( Wingert ) has retained its resulting name, Abtswingert, to this day.
St. Florin Chapel: The St. Florin Chapel was a sacred building in the municipality of Vaduz that was probably built in the early modern period. In 1872 the tower and sacristy and in 1874 the remaining parts of the building were demolished, so that the chapel is no longer preserved today. A paving on the floor plan in the center of Vaduz refers to the former location of the chapel. In addition, a large part of the equipment has been preserved or found a new use: the bells of the chapel, for example, were used in the casting of the four bells of the new parish church of St. Florin.
St. Florin Cathedral : The neo-Gothic church was built between 1868 and 1873 and inaugurated on October 5, 1873. With the inauguration of the parish church, Vaduz became a parish, as the community had until then been attached to the original parish of Schaan . Until 1997, Liechtenstein belonged to the diocese of Chur . On December 2, 1997, the Archdiocese of Vaduz was established by Pope John Paul II and separated from the Diocese of Chur. At the same time as the founding of the Archdiocese of Vaduz, the parish church of St. Florin was elevated to the status of a cathedral.
St. Josef Chapel: It was built in 1930 and 1931. It is located in the Ebenholz district and is a branch church of the municipality of Vaduz. The chapel can be seen as an example of a clearly structured church type, as was often built in the 1930s.
The Ebenholz Evangelical Church is located in the Ebenholz district and was built in 1962 and 1963. The modern church building has a clear structure with a choir and a tower in the north and an organ gallery above the main entrance. The three bells come from the Schellenberg monastery church and were cast in 1880.
The Johanneskirche is the sacred building of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Principality of Liechtenstein. The church building was built in 1947 as an emergency church in Stuttgart and finally transferred to Liechtenstein as a gift in 1956. The organ, which dates from the early 18th century, is particularly significant.
Princely crypt : Until the Second World War, the princely crypt in Wranau served as a burial place for the princely family of Liechtenstein. When Franz Josef II became the first prince to move his residence to Vaduz, a new grave was built between 1958 and 1960 in the park south of the cathedral. Prince Franz Josef II was the first sovereign to be buried here in 1989. Since 1992 there has been a relief on the wings of the entrance door showing the resurrection of Lazarus .
Liechtenstein State Parliament Building : The state parliament building was opened in 2008 after 7 years of construction. Since then, it has served as a plenary hall for the state parliament of the Principality of Liechtenstein , where all members of the state parliament can sit at a single round table. Over a million clinker bricks, 600 tons of steel and 5,800 cubic meters of concrete were used in the construction, which cost 42.2 million Swiss francs.
Government building of Liechtenstein : The government building was built from 1903 to 1905 in the neo-baroque style. It contained major technical innovations for Liechtenstein, which was poor at the time: the first central heating system in Liechtenstein was installed in the government building. The building, popularly known as the “Big House”, has been a listed building since 1992.
Vaduz town hall : The town hall was built in 1932 and 1933. Of particular importance is a balcony fresco on the south facade depicting Saint Urban , the patron saint of winegrowers. The coat of arms of the municipality of Vaduz is carved on the entrance front .
“ Rheinbergerhaus ”: The building was built around 1550 and was first mentioned in documents in 1613. It is significant because the composer Josef Gabriel Rheinberger (1839–1901) was born in this house. At the age of twelve he left his hometown to receive musical training in Munich . He worked in Munich his entire life and died there. After the Second World War, he and his wife were transferred to Vaduz in 1945. A bronze portrait of Josef Gabriel Rheinberger was erected in front of his birthplace in 1939/1940.
Old Rhine Bridge : Since 1901, the old Rhine Bridge has connected Vaduz with the Swiss community of Sevelen . The 135 meter long bridge is the only remaining wooden Rhine bridge in Liechtenstein. The bridges of the other Liechtenstein communities were abandoned due to dilapidation or fires and replaced by concrete bridges. Since the opening of the new Rhine bridge, the bridge, which consists of five pillars, has only been accessible to non-motorized private transport. It was extensively renovated in 2009/2010.
The most important sports club is FC Vaduz . As of 2022, he has won the Liechtenstein Cup 48 times and plays in the second highest Swiss league, the Challenge League . FC Vaduz's venue is the Rheinpark Stadium , where the Liechtenstein national football team also plays its home games.
Mark relates the destruction of a fan's comic at his hand!!! (It doesn't happen here...) Then he relates a tale about bad artists and looks DIRECTLY at Tony Harris when doing so, to which Tony calls him out for it and hilarity ensues. (Yes, that's me cackling like a snaggletoothed witch)
Inspired by issues relating to climate change, Water Will Be Here imagines what it might feel like if sea levels rose to the point where cities found themselves underwater.
This photo shows the interior of the space, where viewers can interact with the piece.
Water Will Be Here is a site-specific digital video installation that was presented as part of Scotiabank's 2012 Nuit Blanche Festival and was installed at the CICB building in downtown Toronto.
Relator do Orçamento 2025, senador Angelo Coronel (PSD-BA), concede entrevista.
Foto: Edilson Rodrigues/Agência Senado
Urban (ɜːʳbən) adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Urban means belonging to, or relating to, a town or city.
Arborist (ˈɑːrbərɪst)
noun
A specialist in the cultivation and care of trees and shrubs, including tree surgery, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tree diseases, and the control of pests
collinsdictionary.com
How do you manage trees that were planted in the 1960s as part of post-war housing development in the third decade of the 21st Millennium? With great care, dinosaur smoke and mankind’s great pursuit in conquest over nature.
The process being undertaken in these photos is what's called pollarding, where a trees limbs are removed entirely to encourage later dense growth within 1 to 2 years. Only certain species of trees can handle this brutal operation, like these London Plane trees here. Once a tree is pollarded, it has to be regularly maintained in 5-10 year operations.
Historically, wood harvested from this method would be used to feed livestock or for light timber, but these days, thanks to the infernal combustion engine, two operatives can pollard five trees in as many hours, with the tree limbs being quite violently mechanically separated and carted off to be used either as mulch or biofuel.
I find arboriculture rather fascinating; living amongst the trees in an urban environment, arborists have been a regular sight over the years, performing everything from whole tree clearings to dead wood pruning, I’ve seen them do a lot.
It’s a highly skilled profession with some of the most dangerous and violent tools possible in the workplace – Darwin Award nominees are quickly weeded out.
There is a strange beauty to the brutality of efficiency, especially towards articles of nature.