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Self-published hand-made book Did we ever meet? Winner of Rock your dummy Award 2013. Full info, edition, price - www.offonroad.com/books/did-we-ever-meet/
Published Photographic Mercadillo
www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=PhotographicMercadillo...
February 2021
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this page without written permission and consent.
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Davide, Enrica, Giosada e gli Urban Strangers, i quattro finalisti di #XF9, in diretta dal Mediolanum Forum di Assago, Milano, giovedì 10 Dicembre 2015, avranno l’onore di condividere lo stesso palco con giganti della musica come i Coldplay, in vetta alle classifiche in 53 paesi. Chris Martin & Co si esibiranno live in esclusiva per l’Italia proprio sul palco della Finale per regalare al pubblico ben due successi del nuovo album: "A Head Full of Dreams" e "Adventure of a Lifetime".
X Factor Italia vuole siglare un altro primato: l’intera giuria si esibirà sulle note dei propri successi e con le proprie band: Elio e le Storie Tese, Skunk Anansie e Fedez e Mika.
Alessandro Cattelan vi racconterà questo grandissimo evento musicale scandendo i ritmi di una serata che si preannuncia veramente intensa. Avrete modo di assistere a una sfida davvero speciale tra Enrica, Davide, Giosada e Urban Strangers al fianco di un grande artista italiano: Cesare Cremonini. Dopo 34 date del Logico Tour, la pop star bolognese accompagnerà al pianoforte i ragazzi nella prima manche dedicata ai duetti, al termine della quale uno di loro lascerà la gara, oltre ad eseguire "Lost in weekend".
La sfida proseguirà con la manche degli inediti, appena presentati e già in cima alla classifica iTunes. Per lo scontro decisivo, i due super finalisti si giocheranno il podio con un brano scelto da ciascuno di loro tra quelli interpretati durante il lungo percorso ad X Factor. Solo uno di loro si aggiudicherà un contratto con Sony Music Italia e la possibilità di pubblicare un album.
Non finisce qui: un inedito duetto infiammerà il Forum, quello di Fedez & Mika, che si esibiranno per la prima volta live nel loro "Beautiful Disaster". Elio e le Storie Tese si porteranno al Forum uno dei classici storici della band, "Servi della gleba", mentre gli Skunk Anansie la nuovissima "Love Someone Else".
Il vincitore della nona edizione di X Factor Italia è Giosada.
Note: this photo was published in a Feb 26, 2010 "EveryBlock NYC" blog, titled "238 – 299 block of W. 96th St.99w."
**************************************
For our final exercise in my February 2010 International Center of Photography (ICP) workshop entitled "On Seeing What's Right In Front Of You," we were given the following assignment:
"Using the improvisation workshop we did tonight as a jumping off point, shoot another collection of same type of everyday object, person or setting each day for the next six days. You can use the same subject as you did for a previous assignment or you can pick a new one. Pick something that intrigues you. KEEP IT SIMPLE.
"But do one thing differently this time: use an autofocus camera (or pre set a focusing distance on a manual camera) and shoot your photos without looking at/through the camera's viewfinder.
"Don't cheat by using the viewfinder to shoot. Don't do any post-production cropping with Photoshop. Don't use work that you shot before this week.
"Try to think about not just what the subject looks like, but also what it feels like when you encounter it. Use your body and reflexes to shoot ... not just your eyes. The pictures will probably be off-centered and skewed looking ... don't worry, that is the point!
"Use your "Is It Alive?" handout to edit and bring your favorite six photos as full frame images with you to class next week. Feel free to put a title and words with the photos.
"Trust your instincts. Explore. Be playful."
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With that in mind, I stationed myself on a street corner near my apartment building on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. It's a busy intersection, with an express IRT subway stop, a new subway station under construction, two public schools within a block or two, and a highway entrance onto the West Side Highway just a couple blocks away. So there are tons of people all around, all the time -- walking and talking to one another, taking their kids to and from school, rushing to catch the subway, chatting on their cell phones or listening to music without paying attention to anyone around the. All I had to do was stand in one place for 30-60 minutes, and hundreds of interesting people wandered by (along with thousands of not-so-interesting people).
On the first day of the 6-day assignment, I took 300 photos; on the second day, I took a little over 400; and on the third day, I took a little over 800(!) shots. I've winnowed the first, second, and third days' collection down to 10 "candidate" photos for uploading to Flickr, and I'll be doing the same with each successive day's collection of "raw" images. From each set of 10 candidate photos, I'll eventually pick one "keeper" to form the required set of six photos for the class exercise. I've taken the liberty of cropping, straightening, and color-adjusting the Flickr "candidates," but whatever gets submitted in the final set of six will be a non-cropped, non-straightened format.
A couple minor technical notes, for those who care about such things: I used a 24-120mm full-frame zoom lens on my Nikon D700, but set it to maximum wide-angle in order to be able to capture the desired subject(s) by just pointing the camera in their general direction. I set the aperture to somewhere between f/8 and f/11, to ensure a good depth of field (DOF), and used the aperture-priority setting on the camera to ensure that the camera would not take me by surprise with a soft-DOF aperture like f/5.6. To ensure that I got a crisp image, even if people were walking quickly (and/or rain was coming down), I cranked up the ISO setting to anywhere between 1600 and 3200, depending on how bright or dark the day was...
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If you have any thoughts or suggestions about these "candidate" photos, or opinions about which ones should be selected for my final submission in the ICP class, feel free to send me a Flickr note, or an old-fashioned email message. Thanks!
Thank you very much for the visits, faves and comments. Cheers.
Published in Cornell Lab of Ornithology Handbook of Bird Biology, Third Edition, 2016, p. 42
Emu (The name 'emu' is not an Aboriginal word. It may have been derived from an Arabic word for large bird and later adopted by early Portuguese explorers and applied to cassowaries in eastern Indonesia. The term was then transferred to the Emu by early European explorers to Australia.)
Scientific Name: Dromaius novaehollandiae
Description: The Emu is Australia's tallest native bird, reaching between 1.6 m and 1.9 m when standing erect. Adult Emus are covered with shaggy grey-brown feathers except for the neck and head, which are largely naked and bluish-black. The wings are greatly reduced, but the legs are long and powerful. Each foot has three forward-facing toes and no hind toe. Most people see Emus along roadsides, near fences or other barriers, giving the impression of close association. However, Emus are not really social, except for young birds, which stay with their father.
Similar species: The Emu (30 - 45 kg) is lighter than its closest living relative, the Southern Cassowary Casuarius casuarius, but is taller and less heavy set in appearance. It is also much more widely distributed throughout Australia.
Distribution: The Emu is found only in Australia. It lives throughout most of the continent, ranging from coastal regions to high in the Snowy Mountains. Emus were once found in Tasmania, but were exterminated soon after Europeans arrived. Two dwarf species of emus that lived on Kangaroo Island and King Island also became extinct.
Habitat: The main habitats of the Emu are sclerophyll forest and savanna woodland. These birds are rarely found in rainforest or very arid areas.
Seasonal movements: Emus move within their range according to climatic conditions. If sufficient food and water are present, birds will reside in one area. Where these resources are more variable, Emus move as needed to find suitable conditions. They are known to move hundreds of kilometres, sometimes at rates of 15 km to 25 km per day.
Feeding: Emus eat fruits, seeds, growing shoots of plants, insects, other small animals, and animal droppings.
Breeding: Nesting takes place in winter. The male and female remain together for about five months, which includes courtship, nest building and egg-laying. The nest consists of a platform of grass on the ground, about 10 cm thick and 1 m - 2 m in diameter. The large eggs (130 mm x 90 mm) are laid at intervals of two to four days. These are dark bluish-green when fresh, becoming lighter with exposure to the sun. The shells are thick, with paler green and white layers under the dark outer layer. The female dominates the male during pair formation but once incubation begins, the male becomes aggressive to other Emus, including his mate. The female wanders away and leaves the male to perform all the incubation. Sometimes she will find another mate and breed again. The male incubates the eggs without drinking, feeding, defecating or leaving the nest. During this time, eggs often roll out of the nest and are pulled back in by the male. Newly hatched chicks are cream-coloured with dark brown stripes. They leave the nest when they are able to feed themselves. Young birds stay close together and remain with the male for four months. They finally leave at about six months. During this period, the stripes fade and the downy plumage is replaced by dull brown feathers. Emus are nearly fully grown at one year, and may breed at 20 months. Sometimes eggs that have not hatched remain in the nest after the male and young have left and become sun-bleached. Bleaching takes about three months.
Calls: Booming, drumming and grunting. Booming is created in an inflatable neck sac, and can be heard up to 2 km away.
Minimum Size: 160cm
Maximum Size: 200cm
Average size: 180cm
Average weight: 37 500g
Breeding season: April to June
Clutch Size: 5 to 15
Incubation: 55 days
Nestling Period: 7 days
(Source: www.birdsinbackyards.net and and "The Slater Field Guide to Australian Birds - Second Edition")
© Chris Burns 2014
__________________________________________
All rights reserved.
This image may not be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying and recording without my written consent.
Contrails.
National Geographic Magazine published photo.
See clouds album www.flickr.com/photos/whitecontrail/albums/72157719504928025
these are my pictures from the photo walk on saturday.
to tell you the truth, since this was my first time as a leader, i was much more worried that everyone was having fun than shooting. but fun, they had, and shoot, i did... a few shots, at least.
thanks, Scott Kelby , thanks RC Concepcion
thanks, everyone who worked on the Scott Kelby Worldwide Photo Walk
and thanks everyone who came and made it wonderful!
i so want to do this again!
My Matheran, Kandhala point shot was published in NWT Magazine, Netherlands.
NWT is like the Nat Geo of Netherlands said the publishers. Here is the shot of the same from the copy sent to me.
Translation of the article in English [excuse the bad English, it's because of Google translate!!]
The day
crustal
collapsed
On the west coast of India,
the city of Mumbai, is
a haunted landscape.
Broken Lines by cleaning it the
soils, and earthquakes
is the order of the day. Boiling water
bubbling up from the depths, in order to
culminate in the numerous hot springs that
rich region.
These are the remnants of a turbulent
event. Deeper in the interior
towering walls of volcanic supply
basalt proof that this whole
region between 68 and 64 million years ago
periods of intense volcanic activity
has gone through. And what kind of activity:
the turbulent region, called the Deccan
Stage, comprises some 500,000 square
kilometer - or almost as much as France.
Nobody knows what happened. The
Deccan Traps are far from
any tectonic plate boundaries, natural
slits in the crust through which lava
usually a path to the surface
opens. Nowhere else in the world
volcanism on this scale can be found.
Still more are on our planet,
Although smaller, but equally mysterious
'Hotspots'. These are places of volcanic
activity, often far removed
are the plate boundaries, such as smoking
volcanoes of Hawaii or the bubbling
geysers of Yellowstone Park in the U.S.
state of Wyoming.
Geologists generally accept that the
history of such places
be traced to events deep
in the mantle. Hotspots could arise
because the mantle, the hot
layer of rock under Earth's crust, which protrudes
In a so-called 'mantle plume'.
But it seems that this is not the whole
story. Sometimes volcanic activity
help from above - literally.
Hindu
It was at the end of the sixties
When oil companies for the west coast of
India found it strange thing in the rock
under the seabed. Sediments
for millions of years
deposited on the ocean bed forms
usually rocks reminiscent
to a layered cake: the deeper you dig,
the older the layer. That was indeed the
case in the holes off
Mumbai - up to about seven kilometers
depth. There, in a rock layer 65 million years ago was deposed, was the neat
sequence of layers abruptly. Among
lay a layer of crushed rock,
followed by a layer of solidified volcanic
lava of less than one kilometer thick.
Something as dramatic, researchers
when she landed the Deccan Traps
themselves further studied. The solidified
alternating layers of lava that sometimes
by sedimentary rocks: a sign that
the volcanic activity in this area
from about 68 million years ago transformed
was not continuous. It was not
too catastrophic: fossils that researchers
in the deposition of the quiet success
periods found it, show that
Local dinosaurs made reasonable
between all the tumult asserted.
But trapped in layers of lava about
65 million years old - the time when the
dinosaurs abruptly vanished from the earth
- Are colossal peaks of a lava
fundamentally different composition. The
peaks up to twelve kilometers high, so
their peaks over the landscape.
The lava from which they exist is very
alkaline and rich in iridium, an element
these are rare in the crust, but
frequently found in meteorites.
Nature Scheerder
For the Indian-American paleontologist
Sankar Chatterjee of Texas
Technical University in Lubbock was
clear. In 1992 he announced to the
scientific community: the whole basin
off the coast of Mumbai was in fact
a giant underwater crater
of about 500 km across. The
crater must have formed when a meteorite
40 km diameter of 65 million
years ago, collapsed to the ground (see also
NWT, December 2009). Chatterjee mentioned
the crater to Shiva, the Hindu
of destruction and renewal. The
researcher saw the crater as large
brother of Chicxulub, a crater 180
kilometers in diameter under the Mexican
Yucatan Peninsula, which is exactly
same time arose.
That was certainly stir
care. The aftermath of the Chicxulub impact
According to the current theories
After all the dinosaurs and a whole range
tie the other animals did.
As Chatterjee was right, it would mean
the impact of Mexico not the whole
story.
Most geologists were not
convinced. To start, the Shiva crater
simply too great. Although
giant meteorite impacts in the early
days of the solar system frequently
occurred, the absence of
recent large impact craters on Mercury,
Venus and Mars on that day long ago
over. "The surface of this
planets tells us that objects larger
than thirty kilometers in the last three
one billion years no longer have impacts
causes, "says planetary geologist Peter
Schultz of Brown University in Rhode
Island in the U.S..
Chatterjee, in turn, suggests that there
objects are indeed the correct
size floating around the universe. As
the "Earth shearer" 1036 called Ganymede,
which closely by NASA in the
being watched, though he is happy
not on a collision course with Earth. Moreover,
Chatterjee points out that studies on a 'put'
show the Earth's gravity field
the coast of India. That suggests to
Chatterjee here that a meteorite
stamped from the southeast,
an angle of 15 degrees
of the earth's surface. The object would
crustal spot a whole have
washed away and part of the
deeper mantle have scraped.
Hence the huge lumps
alkaline, rich in iridium, melted
rock.
That was not all. The shock of the
impact, the volcanic eruptions
were already in the area were in progress,
have greatly intensified. "A lava stream
was a swirling mass, says
Chatterjee. This 'normal' lava washed
The iridium-rich lava mass impact,
making the astonishing mountain chain structure
was that you today
still see.
Yet the theory has a weakness: they
which does not explain the volcanic
activity in the region was going on in
first emerged. Many
paleo scientists, including Chatterjee,
believe that activity from
was a hotspot currently active
under the island of Reunion in the Indian
Ocean. That would be 68 million years Hotspot
have suffered from the Deccan Traps
located before the shift in
continents ensured that India
moved.
Nevertheless, it remains a heretical suggestion
that volcanic activity, meteor impacts
could accelerate. Nevertheless,
the Deccan Traps in more
researchers even without Shiva impact
may be raised by violence
from space.
To understand this, we need many
thousands of kilometers north watch
the icy permafrost of Siberia. Here
there is another large
accumulation of volcanic rock that has
as enigmatic as the Deccan Plateau.
Moreover, this accumulation, with a
area of approximately 2 million square
kilometer, another roughly four times
large. This 'Siberian stairs' contain
lava slabs up to three kilometers thick. And
they were once raised at a
event that occurred some 251 million years
ago took place.
Geochemist Asish Basu of the University
of Rochester in New York became
fascinated, not least
because the age of the lava mountains
corresponds to the heaviest
uitsterfgolf ever hit the earth, the
called Permian-Triassic extinction, which
More than half of all the then existing
animal families disappeared from the earth
(See also NWT, July / August 2008).
Where did such an enormous amount
lava in such a short time? Basu
studied the chemical composition
the rock to find out,
and came across a surprise. The lava
contained an unusually high concentration
of the isotope helium-3, generally the
signature of the rocks from deep bowels of the earth. "Something had put
ensured that deep mantle material
had come up, but we knew
not what, "says Basu.
Impacts, perhaps? Basu knew Chatterjees
research, and it was
tempting to establish a link
between the two huge lavavloeden that
Both took place around a massive
uitsterfgolf. So Basu traveled to India to
helium have been there and analysis on the rock
to perform. He came back with
abnormal result was the same.
Pressure Wave
For Basu made it a mystery
only increased. Around the Siberian
lava flow was no sign of an impact to
find. Moreover, he was anything but
Shiva believes that the site anyway
an impact crater.
His inspiration was clear that it did
did not matter. "A large impact that
then the world would the planet ever
have shaken, and a pressure wave
have caused existing
volcanic activity deep in the mantle would
strengthen, "he says. If that were the case,
did not matter whether the site or Shiva
not an impact crater. An impact which
the world, the volcanism of the
Deccan Traps have caused. It was
even obvious that the renowned
Yucatán-impact did it.
What makes the simple physics
plausible scenario. Pressure Waves
Earthquakes move extremely
well through the interior of the earth:
seismographs in Europe and the U.S. capture
For example, regular vibrations of
quakes in China, thousands of kilometers
away. A super strong pressure wave
as resulting from a giant impact
may well be enough to
awakening volcanoes and magma chambers
together to slosh. Mild or
dormant volcanoes, this would be activated
be.
To make plausible the idea had
Basu need proof of a major meteor impact
which occurred 251 million years ago
- Rather than in Siberia, but simply
somewhere on earth. That kept him
occupied until 2003 when he and his colleagues
251 million years old soil sample
hands were close to the Earth's crust Beardmore
in Hawaii actually intact
for prehistoric meteor violence. Of
what is happening at Yellowstone Park,
We know even less: here is in any
case does not prove that there is
been an impact.
Other hotspots that another
story. Take the ontong-Java Plateau,
an undersea mountain range on the lava
seabed of the western Pacific,
north of the Solomon Islands.
The area was about 125 million years
recently active, and the upper layers of the
mantle come up here.
A plausible explanation is that a
impact crustal broke, then
molten material from the depth up
could come in the form of an eruption
came out. The escape of
much material from the depth, the
have weakened crust, resulting
the mantle bulge that today
perceive (Earth and Planetary Science
Letters, January 30, 2004).
The debate will take a rage,
but one thing seems certain: the days
that geologists influences from above
ignored seem numbered. "The idea that
impacts can cause volcanism
is very plausible, "says Hansen. "Geologists
are not naturally inclined to
impacts to think, maybe even
psychological reasons. We are sure
trained to observe things that
from inside the planet. "To then
also random meteors
to carry, making an already complicated
issue even more complex.
But ultimately, Hansen said "we
anywhere if we only planet
try to understand when we look
and ears shut. "n
glacier in Antarctica. Trapped in
rock they found specks suspected
much in meteorite fragments.
They published an article in which they
discovery explained in detail, plus the
exciting implication that the two largest
volcanic events of the
past one billion years emerged as possible
by a meteorite impact (Science,
November 2003).
This caused quite a stir.
"Much of the criticism came from people
who thought that meteorite fragments
not long continue to exist, "says
Eric Tohver of the University of Western
Australia. Meteorites are predominantly
of metal and were therefore a
geological moment to rust away,
even if they are buried in rock.
So there was something wrong with the date,
the critics thought.
Not baffled, went Basu
and his colleagues continue to study.
In March this year they presented at
a conference for planetary scientists
what they considered the decisive
evidence: more meteorite fragments,
this time imprisoned in stony clay
which also were the little fossil fragments
dated at 251 million years.
Clay absorbs water, thus attracting
moisture away and gives the dry environment
the meteorite fragments
protected against corrosion.
Psychological
And what about elsewhere? Impacts would
For example, the hotspots of Hawaii and
Yellowstone explain? Vicki
Hansen, a planetary geologist from the
University of Minnesota, holds the
possibility, but doubt.
Published under the above title as a halftone image in the book, "Japan The Eastern Wonderland," by D.C. Angus (Cassell & Co.: 1904). Angus credits this image to Karl Lewis, who had a studio in Yokohama from 1901 to the early 1940s.
He also published a lot postcards, often using images by other photographers. However, this is not by Lewis, as this image was done by the studio of Kanamaru Matashiro. Here's a link to the hand-colored collotype postcard version in our collection, published by the Ueda Company in Yokohama:
www.flickr.com/photos/183991717@N03/49728693683
/in/album-...
Elsewhere on Flickr:
The image in Okinawa Soba (Rob)'s collection:
www.flickr.com/photos/okinawa-soba/6094435029/in/photolis...
And, as part of Noel43's Meiji Catalogue project:
www.flickr.com/photos/36560798@N02/27193719240/in/album-7...
The Wheeling Intelligencer published on Wednesday, July 15th, 1908:
An historic landmark, probably one of the most important remaining in West Virginia, has been removed. The demolition of the Betty Zane cabin, located on Market alley, between Main and Market streets, was completed yesterday, negotiations for the purchase of the place by the local chapter of the Daughters and Sons of the Revolution having fallen flat.
Offers to Mr Feinler were far below the value of the ground occupied by the historic old cabin. It is understood that a number of offers were made by private parties who hoped to secure the property and sell it to the City or state for a large sum.
Many public spirited citizens of Wheeling extensively discussed the advisability of purchasing the property and presenting it to the city to be retained and preserved as a memorial of Wheeling’s early days and the stirring times of Indian warfares. Their offer for the property, however, is said to have been, far below its real value.
Work is soon to he started on a handsome new brick structure that is to replace the old relic.
The famous old building will not be lost to history, however, as M.r Feinler has artfully stored away the logs and in fact every visage of the structure. Many additional relics, bearing out the theory that it was without doubt the original Betty Zane cabin or “powder house,” were discovered when the workmen were excavating in the crude foundations.
Mr. Feinler will begin work on the new building as soon as practicable. It will be a three-story brick structure. The first floor will be used as a business house, and the second and third for flats. The plans will be prepared by Architect Leiner. The brickwork contract has been awarded to Contractor Hamilton and the woodwork will be done by McDonald Brothers.
**************************
On Saturday, May 18th, 1946, the Intelligencer further reported:
Wheeling’s early history is inseparably tied up with Betty Zane’s girlish heroics and one Andrew Christian Maximilian Hess, is seeing to it that the remaining vestige of her sojourn here are preserved for posterity.
When it became known that the logs from the original Betty Zane cabin, which stood for years and years in the Stone & Thomas alley, were stored in an old residence in North Wheeling; a house that was to be razed for the building materials it contained, Andrew bought them and turned them over to Oglebay Park.
The timbers are about 18 inches wide and four inches thick and are excellently preserved, being of walnut. Just what disposition of them will be made at the park is not determined at this time, but they will likely be utilized in a special Betty Zane room for one of the buildings on Oglebay’s blueprints for the future. There are too few of the Zane logs to reconstruct a complete cabin. During the years, some of the cabin’s original logs were used for making gavels for various organizations.
**************************
In the July 2, 1976, Bicentennial edition of the Wheeling News-Register/Intelligencer, the newspaper reported:
"The cabin, located in Stone's Alley, was dismantled about 1910, the logs stored by Mrs. Gibson Caldwell, later by Andrew C. M. Hess. They were presented to Oglebay Park when Wilson Lodge was built and today are an integral part of the Betty Zane room there."
**************************
- Photograph from the collections of the Ohio County Public Library Archives.
➤ Visit the Library's Wheeling History website
The photos on the Ohio County Public Library's Flickr site may be freely used by non-commercial entities for educational and/or research purposes as long as credit is given to the "Ohio County Public Library, Wheeling WV." These photos may not be reproduced in any format for profit or other presentation without the permission of The Ohio County Public Library.
➤ Contact the Ohio County Public Library to request permission for use or publication of materials.
I got one of my photos published in this magazine: Landscape Trades .
It's in April's edition and it will be available online in May =)
I'm really proud and excited about it :)
Big thanks to Melissa Steep (art director).
This is my first actual book which was printed in 1000 copies on high quality photo paper. The size is 17x24 cm.
The Postcard
A postcard that was printed and published by Ingram Clark & Co. Ltd. of Ilfracombe. The Candar Hotel caught fire and was subsequently demolished. The fire started at 2:30am on the night of 2nd. September 1983 in the shopping arcade under the Candar hotel. In this fire one life was lost.
The Candar Arcade site became the Candar sheltered residential apartments. The opening of Candar apartments was the last public engagement performed by Charles and Diana, as the Prince and Princess of Wales in 1992.
The card was posted in Barnes, London S.W.13 on Monday the 9th. June 1924 to:
Miss G. Jones,
Scarth Lodge,
Scarth Road,
Barnes,
London S.W.
Local.
The pencilled message on the divided back was as follows:
"So sorry we were out.
Shall be in on Tuesday
evening if you are out
for an hour. Shall be
very pleased to see you.
Love Adam."
Ilfracombe
The novelist Frances Burney stayed in Ilfracombe in 1817. Her diary entries record early 19th.-century life in Ilfracombe: a captured Spanish ship; two ships in distress in a storm; the visit of Thomas Bowdler; and her lucky escape after being cut off by the tide.
A few years later in the 1820's, a set of four tunnels were hand-carved by Welsh miners to permit access to the beaches by horse-drawn carriage as well as on foot. Previously access was gained by climbing the cliffs, rounding the point by boat, swimming or at the lowest tides clambering around the rocks of the point.
These tunnels led to a pair of tidal pools, which in accordance with Victorian morals, were used for segregated male and female bathing. Whereas women were constrained to a strict dress code covering up the whole body, men generally swam naked. The tunnels are still viewable, and are signposted as Tunnels Beaches.
In 1856 writer Mary Ann Evans (pen-name George Eliot) accompanied George Henry Lewes to Ilfracombe to gather materials for his work Seaside Studies published in 1858.
In more recent times actor Peter Sellers lived in the town when his parents managed the Gaiety Theatre. He first stepped on the stage there, and reputedly played the drums. Another actor Terry Thomas visited the town frequently to stay with his sister, and in the same period, Joan and Jackie Collins were schooled here and boarded in the town.
In the last two decades, the town has been home to many artists including Damien Hirst, and George Shaw, a runner up for the Turner Prize.
There is an annual art festival when local artists open their homes for visitors to see their work, and up to 10 permanent art galleries.
The town's first lifeboat was bought in 1828, but a permanent service was not available until the Royal National Lifeboat Institution built a lifeboat station at the bottom of Lantern Hill near the pier in 1866. The present station at Broad Street dates from 1996.
In 1911, the Irish nationalist Anna Catherine Parnell (sister of Charles Stewart Parnell) drowned at Ilfracombe, and is buried in the churchyard at Holy Trinity.
Miss Alice Frances Louisa Phillips (born on the 26th. January 1891 at 85 High Street, Ilfracombe) and her father Mr Escott Robert Phillips (born in 1869 in Cardiff) held 2nd. Class Ticket No. 2 on the Titanic, and set sail from Southampton on the 10th. April 1912 heading for New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Alice was rescued in boat 12, but her father was lost in the disaster.
-- The Great Fire of Ilfracombe
The Great Fire of Ilfracombe started on the night of the 28th. July 1896 in the basement of Mr. William Cole's ironmongery and furniture shop on the corner of Fore Street and Portland Street.
In total 35 houses and business premises were destroyed. Later that year the local volunteer firemen who attended the fire were presented with medals and £2 each at a dinner in their honour at the Royal Clarence Hotel.
Since 1896 there have been at least 10 other major fires in Ilfracombe, the most recent occurring in April 2008.
George Mallory
So what else happened on the day that Adam posted the card?
Well, the 9th. June 1924 (or possibly the 8th. June 1924) marked the death of George Mallory.
George Herbert Leigh Mallory, who was born in Cheshire on the 18th. June 1886, was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest in the early 1920's.
Mallory was introduced to rock climbing and mountaineering as a student at Winchester College. After graduating from Magdalene College, Cambridge, he taught at Charterhouse School whilst climbing in the Alps and the English Lake District.
George served in the British Army during the Great War, and fought at the Somme.
After the war, Mallory returned to Charterhouse before resigning to take part in the 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition.
In 1922, he took part in a second expedition to make the first ascent of the world's highest mountain, in which his team achieved a record altitude of 26,980 ft (8,225 m) without supplemental oxygen.
During the 1924 expedition, Mallory and his climbing partner, Andrew "Sandy" Irvine, disappeared on the northeast ridge of Everest. The pair were last seen when they were about 800 vertical feet (245 m) from the summit.
Mallory's ultimate fate was unknown for 75 years, until his body was discovered on the 1st. May 1999 by an expedition that had set out to search for the climbers' remains.
Whether Mallory and Irvine reached the summit before they died remains a subject of debate, of various theories, and of continuing research.
George Mallory - The Early Years
George Mallory was born in Mobberley, Cheshire, the son of Herbert Leigh-Mallory (1856–1943), a clergyman who changed his surname from Mallory to Leigh-Mallory in 1914.
His mother was Annie Beridge (1863–1946), the daughter of a clergyman in Walton, Derbyshire. George had two sisters and a younger brother, Trafford Leigh-Mallory, the World War II Royal Air Force commander. George was raised in a ten-bedroom house on Hobcroft Lane in Mobberley.
In 1896, Mallory attended Glengorse, a boarding school in Eastbourne. At the age of 13, he won a mathematics scholarship to Winchester College. In his final year there, he was introduced to rock climbing and mountaineering by a master, R. L. G. Irving, who took a few people climbing in the Alps each year.
In October 1905, Mallory entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, to study history. He was a keen oarsman, and rowed for his college.
While at Cambridge University, he became good friends with future members of the Bloomsbury Group, including Rupert Brooke, John Maynard Keynes, James Strachey, Lytton Strachey, and Duncan Grant.
Among these friends, particularly Lytton Strachey, his letters attest a flirtatious, homoerotic and "explicitly gay" friendship. In 1909, Lytton Strachey wrote of Mallory:
"Mon Dieu!—George Mallory! … He's six-foot high,
with the body of an athlete by Praxiteles, and a
face - oh incredible - the mystery of Botticelli, the
refinement and delicacy of a Chinese print, the
youth and piquancy of an unimaginable English
boy."
After gaining his degree, Mallory stayed in Cambridge for a year writing an essay he published as Boswell the Biographer. George lived briefly in France before he began teaching at Charterhouse School in 1910, where he met the poet Robert Graves, then a pupil.
In his autobiography, 'Goodbye to All That', Graves remembered Mallory fondly, both for the encouragement of his interest in literature and poetry, and his instruction in climbing. Graves recalled:
"Mallory was wasted as a teacher
at Charterhouse. He tried to treat
his class in a friendly way, which
puzzled and offended them."
While at Charterhouse, Mallory met his wife, Ruth Turner (1892–1942), who lived in Godalming, Surrey, and they were married in 1914, six days before Britain entered the Great War.
George and Ruth had two daughters and a son: Frances Clare (1915–2001), Beridge Ruth, known as "Berry" (1917–1953), and John (b. 1920).
During the Great War, in December 1915, Mallory was commissioned in the Royal Garrison Artillery as a second lieutenant and was promoted to lieutenant on the 1st. July 1917. Mallory relinquished his commission on the 21st. February 1920, retaining the rank of lieutenant.
After the war, Mallory returned to Charterhouse, but resigned in 1921 to join the first British expedition to Mount Everest. Between expeditions, he attempted to make a living from writing and lecturing, with only partial success. In 1923, he took a job as a lecturer with the Cambridge University Extramural Studies Department. He was given temporary leave so that he could join the 1924 Everest attempt.
Climbing in Europe
In 1910, in a party led by Irving, George and a friend attempted to climb Mont Vélan in the Alps, but turned back shortly before the summit due to Mallory's altitude sickness. In 1911, Mallory climbed Mont Blanc, and made the third ascent of the Frontier ridge of Mont Maudit in a party again led by Irving.
According to Helmut Dumler:
"Mallory was apparently prompted by a
friend on the Western Front in 1916 to write
a highly emotional article of his ascent of
this great climb."
This article was published as 'Mont Blanc from the Col du Géant by the Eastern Buttress of Mont Maudit' in the Alpine Journal.
The article contained George's question, "Have we vanquished an enemy?" [i.e., the mountain] to which he responded, "None but ourselves."
By 1913, Mallory had ascended Pillar Rock in the English Lake District, with no assistance, by what is now known as "Mallory's Route" - currently graded Hard Very Severe 5a (Yosemite Decimal Rating 5.9).
One of Mallory's closest friends and climbing companions was a young woman named Cottie Sanders, who became a novelist with the pseudonym of Ann Bridge. The nature of their relationship is elusive; Sanders was either a "climbing friend" or a "casual sweetheart".
After Mallory died, Cottie wrote a memoir of him, which was never published, but provided much of the material used by later biographers such as David Pye and David Robertson in the novel 'Everest Dream.'
Climbing in Asia
-- The First Expedition
Mallory participated in the initial 1921 Mount Everest expedition that explored routes up to Everest's North Col. The expedition produced the first accurate maps of the region around the mountain, as Mallory, his climbing partner Guy Bullock, and E. O. Wheeler of the Survey of India explored in depth several approaches to its peak.
Under Mallory's leadership, and with the assistance of around a dozen Sherpas, the group climbed several lower peaks near Everest. George and his party were almost certainly the first Westerners to view the Western Cwm at the foot of the Lhotse face, as well as charting the course of the Rongbuk Glacier up to the base of the North Face.
After circling the mountain from the south side, his party finally discovered the East Rongbuk Glacier - the highway to the summit now used by nearly all climbers on the Tibetan side of the mountain.
By climbing up to the saddle of the North Ridge (the 23,030 ft (7,020 m) North Col), they identified a route to the summit via the North-East Ridge over the obstacle of the Second Step.
-- The Second Expedition
In 1922, Mallory returned to the Himalayas as part of the party led by Brigadier General Charles Bruce and climbing leader Edward Strutt, with a view to making a serious attempt on the summit.
Eschewing their bottled oxygen, which was at the time seen as going against the spirit of mountaineering, Mallory, along with Howard Somervell and Edward Norton, almost reached the crest of the North-East Ridge.
Despite being hampered and slowed by the thin air, they achieved a record altitude of 26,980 ft (8,225 m) before weather conditions and the late hour forced them to retreat.
A second party led by George Finch reached an elevation of around 27,300 ft (8,321 m) using bottled oxygen both for climbing and - a first - for sleeping. The party climbed at record speeds, a fact that Mallory seized upon during the next expedition.
-- The Third Expedition
Mallory organised a third unsuccessful attempt on the summit, departing as the monsoon season arrived. On the 7th. June 1922, while he was leading a group of porters down the lower slopes of the North Col of Everest in fresh, waist-deep snow, an avalanche swept over the group, killing seven Sherpas.
The attempt was immediately abandoned, and Mallory was subsequently accused of poor judgement, including by expedition participants such as Dr. Longstaff.
'Because It's There'
Mallory is famously quoted as having replied to the question, "Why did you want to climb Mount Everest?" with the retort, "Because it's there." George's reply has been called "the most famous three words in mountaineering".
Questions have arisen over the authenticity of the quote, and whether Mallory actually said it. Some have suggested that it was a paraphrase by a newspaper reporter, but scrutiny of the original Times report leaves this unresolved.
The phrase was certainly consistent with the direct quotes cited in the report, so it appears not to misrepresent Mallory's attitude.
Mallory's Last Climb
Mallory joined the 1924 Everest expedition, led, as in 1922, by Gen. Charles Bruce. Mallory, who was 37 at the time of the expedition, believed his age would make this his last opportunity to climb the mountain, and when touring the US proclaimed that the expedition would successfully reach the summit.
Mallory and Bruce made the first attempt, which was inexplicably aborted by Mallory at Camp 5. Norton and Somervell then set off from Camp 6, and in perfect weather, Norton managed, without oxygen, to reach 28,120 ft (8,570 m), a new record height.
On the 4th. June 1924, Mallory and Andrew Irvine set off from Advanced Base Camp (ABC) at 21,330 ft (6,500 m) and had already begun using oxygen from the base of the North Col, which they climbed in 2+1⁄2 hours.
Mallory had been converted from his original scepticism about oxygen usage by his failure on his initial assault, and the very rapid ascent of Finch in 1922.
At 08:40 on the 6th. June, they set off, climbing to Camp 5. On the 7th. June, they reached Camp 6. Mallory wrote that he had used only 3⁄4 of one bottle of oxygen for the two days, which suggests a climb rate of some 856 vertical feet per hour.
On the 8th. June, expedition member Noel Odell was moving up behind the pair in a "support role". Around 26,000 ft (7,925 m), he spotted the two climbing a prominent rock step, either the First or Second Step, about 13:00, although Odell might, conceivably, have been viewing the higher, then-unknown, "Third Step". Odell later reported:
"At 12.50, just after I had emerged from a state of
jubilation at finding the first definite fossils on Everest,
there was a sudden clearing of the atmosphere, and
the entire summit ridge and final peak of Everest were
unveiled.
My eyes became fixed on one tiny black spot silhouetted
on a small snow crest beneath a rock step in the ridge;
the black spot moved. Another black spot became
apparent, and moved up the snow to join the other on
the crest.
The first then approached the great rock step and shortly
emerged at the top; the second did likewise. Then the whole
fascinating vision vanished, enveloped in cloud once more".
At the time, Odell observed that one of the men surmounted the Second Step of the northeast ridge. Apart from his testimony, though, no evidence has been found that Mallory and Irvine climbed higher than the First Step; one of their spent oxygen cylinders was found shortly below the First Step, and Irvine's ice axe was found nearby in 1933. They never returned to their camp.
Presumably, Mallory and Irvine died either late the same evening or on the 9th. June. The news of Mallory and Irvine's disappearance was widely mourned in Britain, and the two were hailed as national heroes.
A memorial service was held in London at St Paul's Cathedral on the 17th. October. It was attended by a great assembly of family, friends, and dignitaries including King George V and members of the royal family, Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and his entire Cabinet.
Mallory's will was proven in London on the 17th. December; he bequeathed his estate of £1706 17s. 6d. (roughly equivalent to £103,517 in 2021) to his wife.
Lost on Everest for 75 Years
After their disappearance, several expeditions tried to find their remains, and perhaps, determine if they had reached the summit. Frank Smythe, when on a 1936 expedition, believed he had spotted a body below the place where Irvine's ice axe had been found three years earlier:
"I was scanning the face from base camp through a
high-powered telescope when I saw something queer
in a gully below the scree shelf. Of course, it was a long
way away and very small, but I've a six/six eyesight and
do not believe it was a rock.
This object was at precisely the point where Mallory and
Irvine would have fallen had they rolled on over the scree
slopes."
Smythe wrote this in a letter to Edward Felix Norton. He kept the discovery quiet as he feared press sensationalism, and it was not revealed until 2013, after the letter was found by his son when preparing his biography.
In late 1986, Tom Holzel launched a search expedition based on reports from Chinese climber Zhang Junyan that his tent-mate, Wang Hungbao, had stumbled across "an English dead" at 26,570 ft (8,100 m) in 1975.
On the last day of the expedition, Holzel met with Zhang Junyan, who reiterated that, despite official denials from the Chinese Mountaineering Association, Wang had come back from a short excursion and described finding "a foreign mountaineer" at "8,100 m." Wang was killed in an avalanche the day after delivering his verbal report, so the location was never more precisely fixed.
In 1999, the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition arrived at Everest to search for the lost pair. Within hours of beginning the search on the 1st. May, Conrad Anker found a frozen body at 26,760 ft (8,157 m) on the north face of the mountain.
As the body was found below where Irvine's axe had been found in 1933 at 27,760 ft (8,461.25 m), the team expected it to be Irvine's, and were hoping to recover the camera that he had reportedly carried with him.
They were surprised to find that name tags on the body's clothing bore the name of "G. Leigh Mallory." The body was well preserved, due to the freezing conditions. A brass altimeter, a stag-handled lambsfoot pocket knife with leather slip-case, and an unbroken pair of snow-goggles were recovered from the pockets of the clothing.
Personal effects, including a letter and a bill from a London supplier of climbing equipment, confirmed the identity of the body. The team could not, however, locate the camera that the two climbers took to document their final summit attempt.
Experts from Kodak have said that if a camera is ever found, some chance exists that its film could be developed to produce printable images, if extraordinary measures are taken. Kodak have provided guidance as to the handling of such a camera and the film inside, in the event that it is found.
Before leaving the site of Mallory's death, the expedition conducted an Anglican service for the climber, and covered his remains with a cairn on the mountain.
Sir Edmund Hillary, who with Tenzing Norgay is credited with reaching the Everest summit first, welcomed news of the discovery of Mallory's body, and described as "very appropriate" the possibility that Mallory might turn out to have summited decades earlier. Hillary said:
"He was really the initial pioneer of the
whole idea of climbing Mount Everest."
The 1999 research team returned to the mountain in 2001 to conduct further research. They discovered Mallory and Irvine's last camp, but failed to find either Irvine or a camera. Another initiative in 2004 also proved fruitless.
Reaching the Summit
Whether Mallory and Irvine reached Everest's summit is unknown. The question remains open to speculation, and is the topic of much debate and research.
Mallory's Body
When found, George's body was sun-bleached, frozen, and mummified.
Judging by a serious rope-jerk injury around Mallory's waist, which was encircled by the remnants of a climbing rope, he and Irvine were apparently roped together when one of them slipped.
Mallory's body lay 300 metres (1000 ft) below and about 100 metres (300 ft) horizontal to the location of the ice axe found in 1933, which is generally accepted from three characteristic marks on the shaft as belonging to Irvine.
That the body was relatively unbroken, apart from fractures to the right leg (the tibia and fibula were broken just above the boot), as compared to other bodies in the same location that were known to have fallen from the North-East Ridge, strongly suggests that Mallory could not have fallen from the ice axe site, but must have fallen from much lower down.
The other significant find on Mallory's body was a severe, golf ball-sized puncture wound in his forehead, the likely cause of his death.
The unusual puncture wound is consistent with one inflicted by an ice axe, leading some to conclude that, while Mallory was descending in a self-arrest "glissade", sliding down a slope while dragging his ice axe in the snow to control the speed of his descent, his ice axe may have struck a rock and bounced off, striking him fatally.
Two items of circumstantial evidence from the body suggest that he attempted, or reached, the summit:
-- Mallory's daughter said he carried a photograph of his wife on his person with the intention of leaving it on the summit. The photograph was not found on Mallory's body. Given the excellent preservation of the body, its garments, and other items including documents in his wallet, this points to the possibility that he reached the summit and left the photo there.
On the other hand, Wang (who is known to have taken Mallory's ice axe) might also have taken the photograph for identification purposes, and no one who has subsequently reached the summit has reported seeing any evidence of the photograph or any other trace of their presence there.
-- Mallory's unbroken snow goggles were found in his pocket, suggesting that Irvine and he had made a push for the summit and were descending after sunset. On his attempt a few days earlier, Norton had suffered serious snow blindness because he did not wear his goggles, so Mallory would be unlikely to have dispensed with them in daylight, and given their known departure time and movements, it is unlikely that they would have still been out by nightfall had they not attempted the summit pyramid.
An alternative scenario is that Mallory carried an extra pair, and the pair he was wearing was torn off in his fall.
The Difficult "Second Step"
Experienced modern climbers have mixed views on whether Mallory was capable of climbing the Second Step on the North Ridge. This is now surmounted by a 15 ft (4.6 m) aluminium ladder fixed in place by Chinese climbers in 1975 to bridge this very difficult pitch.
Austrian Theo Fritsche repeated the free climb solo in 2001 under conditions that resembled those encountered during the 1924 Everest expedition, and assessed the climb as having a grade of 5.6–5.7. Fritsche completed the climb without supplementary oxygen, and believes that Mallory could, weather permitting, have reached the summit.
In June 2007, as part of the 2007 Altitude Everest expedition, Conrad Anker and Leo Houlding free-climbed the Second Step, having first removed the Chinese ladder (which was later replaced).
Houlding rated the climb at 5.9, just within Mallory's estimated capabilities. The climb was part of an expedition which tried to recreate the 1924 climb. Eight years earlier, Anker had climbed the Second Step as part of the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, but had used one point of aid by stepping on a rung of the ladder, which blocked the only available foothold.
At that time, Anker had rated the climb at 5.10, which he considered to be beyond Mallory's capabilities, but after the June 2007 climb, he changed his view and said that Mallory "could have climbed it".
Noel Odell believed that he had seen Mallory and Irvine ascend the Second Step, but eventually changed his story to say it was the First Step. Towards the end of his life, however, he reaffirmed his original view. Recent observations taken from Odell's vantage point by other climbers suggest that Odell would have probably seen the men at the Second Step as he had initially reported.
Theories
A number of different outcomes have been proposed, and new theories continue to be put forward. Most views have the two carrying two cylinders of oxygen each, reaching and climbing either the First or Second Step, where they are seen by Odell.
At this point, two main alternatives remain: either Mallory takes Irvine's oxygen and goes on alone (and may or may not reach the summit); or both go on together until they turn back (having used up their oxygen, or realising that they will do so before the summit).
In either case, Mallory slips and falls to his death while descending, perhaps caught in the fierce snow squall that sent Odell to take shelter in their tent.
Irvine either falls with him, or in the first scenario, dies alone of exhaustion and hypothermia high up on the ridge.
The hypothesis advanced by Tom Holzel in February 2008 is that Odell sighted Mallory and Irvine climbing the First Step for a final look around while they were actually descending from a failed summit bid.
Assessments by Other Climbers
-- Ang Tsering
Ang Tsering, a Sherpa member of the 1924 British Everest Expedition, was interviewed in 2000 by Jonathan Neale. Ang recounted:
"What I liked about George Mallory
was that he was so friendly."
-- Harry Tyndale
Harry Tyndale, one of Mallory's climbing partners, said of Mallory:
"In watching George at work, one was conscious
not so much of physical strength as of suppleness
and balance; so rhythmical and harmonious was
his progress in any steep place that his movements
appeared almost serpentine in their smoothness."
-- Geoffrey Winthrop Young
Geoffrey Winthrop Young, an accomplished mountain climber, held Mallory's ability in awe:
"His movement in climbing was entirely his own.
It contradicted all theory. He would set his foot
high against any angle of smooth surface, fold
his shoulder to his knee, and flow upward and
upright again on an impetuous curve.
Whatever may have happened unseen the while
between him and the cliff… the look, and indeed
the result, were always the same - a continuous
undulating movement so rapid and so powerful
that one felt the rock must yield, or disintegrate."
The First "Real" ascent, or Just to the Summit?
If evidence were found that showed that Mallory or Irvine had reached the summit of Everest in 1924, advocates of Hillary and Norgay's first ascent maintain that the historical record should not be changed to state that Mallory and Irvine made the first ascent.
-- 1965 Mount Everest summiteer H. P. S. Ahluwalia claims that without photographic proof, no evidence shows that Mallory reached the summit and:
"It would be unfair to say that the
first man to scale Mount Everest
was George Mallory".
-- Mallory's son John Mallory, who was three years old when his father died, said:
"To me, the only way you achieve a summit
is to come back alive. The job is only half
done if you don't get down again".
-- Edmund Hillary echoed John Mallory's opinion, asking:
"If you climb a mountain for the first time and die on the
descent, is it really a complete first ascent of the mountain?
I am rather inclined to think personally that maybe it is quite
important, the getting down, and the complete climb of a
mountain is reaching the summit and getting safely to the
bottom again."
-- Hillary's daughter, Sarah, when asked about her father's take on the debate, said:
"His view was that he had got 50 good years
out of being conqueror of Everest, and, whatever
happened, he wasn't particularly worried. That's
my feeling as well."
-- Chris Bonington, the British mountaineer, argued:
"If we accept the fact that they were above the
Second Step, they would have seemed to be
incredibly close to the summit of Everest, and I
think at that stage something takes hold of most
climbers… And I think therefore taking all those
circumstances in view… I think it is quite conceivable
that they did go for the summit… I certainly would
love to think that they actually reached the summit
of Everest. I think it is a lovely thought and I think it is
something, you know, gut emotion, yes I would love
them to have got there. Whether they did or not,
I think that is something one just cannot know."
-- Conrad Anker, who found Mallory's body in 1999, free-climbed the Second Step in 2007 and who has worn replica 1924 climbing gear on Everest, said:
"I believe it is possible, but highly
improbable, that they made it to
the top."
Anker cited the difficulty of the Second Step and the position of Mallory's body. He said that, in his opinion:
"I don't believe they made it… the climbing up there
is so difficult, and I think that Mallory was a very good
climber, and part of being a good climber is knowing
when you're at too much of a risk, and it's time to turn
back.
I think he saw that, and he turned back and it was
either he or Irvine as they were descending the
Yellow Band slipped and pulled the other one off, the
rope snapped and he came to his rest."
-- Robert Graves, who climbed with Mallory, in his autobiography recounts the story, at the time famous in climbing circles, about an ascent that Mallory made as a young man in 1908:
"My friend George Mallory once did an inexplicable
climb on Snowdon. He had left his pipe on a ledge,
half-way down one of the Liwedd precipices, and
scrambled back by a short cut to retrieve it, then up
again by the same route.
No one saw what route he took, but when they came to
examine it the next day for official record, they found an
overhang nearly all the way.
By a rule of the Climbers' Club, climbs are never named
in honour of their inventors, but only describe natural
features.
An exception was made here. The climb was recorded
as follows:
'Mallory's Pipe, a variation on route 2; see adjoining map.
This climb is totally impossible. It has been performed
once, in failing light, by Mr G. H. L. Mallory.'"
The route is now called "Mallory's Slab", a hard V Diff on Y Lliwedd.
The Legacy of George Mallory
Mallory was honoured by having a court named after him at his alma mater, Magdalene College, Cambridge, with an inscribed stone commemorating his death set above the doorway to one of the buildings.
The Friends of Magdalene Boat Club was renamed the Mallory Club in recognition of his achievements in exploration and rowing at the college.
Two high peaks in California's Sierra Nevada, Mount Mallory and Mount Irvine, located a few miles southeast of Mount Whitney, were named after them.
The Times obituary of George Finch called Mallory and Finch "The two best alpinists of their time".
Mallory was captured on film by expedition cameraman John Noel, who released his film of the 1924 expedition, 'The Epic of Everest.' Some of his footage was also used in George Lowe's 1953 documentary 'The Conquest of Everest'.
A documentary on the 2001 Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, 'Found on Everest', was produced by Riley Morton.
Mallory was played by Brian Blessed in the 1991 re-creation of his last climb, 'Galahad of Everest'.
In Anthony Geffen's 2010 documentary film about Mallory's life and final expedition, 'The Wildest Dream', Conrad Anker and Leo Houlding attempted to reconstruct the climb, dressed and equipped like Mallory and Irvine.
'Everest', a proposed Hollywood version of the 1924 attempt, adapted from Jeffrey Archer's 2009 novel 'Paths of Glory', had first Tom Hardy and then Benedict Cumberbatch slated to play Mallory, by 2014 it was evident that the film was no longer in production. As of late 2021, it is in production again, with Ewan McGregor starring as Mallory.
In April 2015, it was announced that Michael Sheen would play Mallory in a biopic titled 'In High Places', to be written and directed by James McEachen, but as of 2020, McEachen's website stated that it had not been funded.
Tragedy in the mountains has proved a recurring theme in the Mallory line. Mallory's younger brother, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory, met his death on a mountain range when the Avro York carrying him to his new appointment as Air Commander-in-Chief of South East Asia Command crashed in the French Alps in 1944, killing all on board.
A memorial window to George Mallory along with a memorial plaque to Trafford can be found at St. Wilfrid's Church, Mobberley.
Mallory's daughter, Frances Clare, married physiologist Glenn Allan Millikan, who was killed in a climbing accident in Fall Creek Falls State Park, Tennessee.
Frances Mallory's son, Richard Millikan, became a respected climber during the 1960's and '70's. Mallory's grandson, also named George Mallory, reached the summit of Everest in 1995 via the North Ridge with six other climbers as part of the American Everest Expedition of 1995. He left a picture of his grandparents at the summit, citing "unfinished business".
Belgian rock band Girls in Hawaii's song "Mallory's Height" on their 2013 album 'Everest' is a homage to Mallory.
This is a production I did from top to bottom.
From taking the photos in flight (you know the photos :)) to the design guidance and to the final large print.
As a photographer I’m used to stick to taking photos, but this is a production I did for a good friend that just graduated with honor the U.S Air Force test pilot school(Edwards), and as a token of appreciation he gave this print to the school experimental test pilots command, and it’s now on its wall.
Gave me a strong feeling of pride when I got the mail last night with the photo of the print hanging on the school wall, and I felt I needed to share this with you.
Great thanks and appreciation to my good friend major S’
The Kaiser Permanente Center for Total Health is looking forward to a day of service. Martin Luther King, Jr. Monument, Washington, DC USA
Published in Weekend Flashback: 1/17-1/20 | We Love DC
A collaboration of drawings by my friend Alice Pattullo and myself. They were made into a small self-published zine, and a set of 3 posters (digitally printed onto cartridge paper)
PictionID:43923586 - Catalog:17.S_000839 - Title:LTV A-7D 71-0324 NM-ANG 12Jul90 RJF - Filename:17.S_000839.tif - --------Image from the René Francillon Photo Archive. Having had his interest in aviation sparked by being at the receiving end of B-24s bombing occupied France when he was 7-yr old, René Francillon turned aviation into both his vocation and avocation. Most of his professional career was in the United States, working for major aircraft manufacturers and airport planning/design companies. All along, he kept developing a second career as an aviation historian, an activity that led him to author more than 50 books and 400 articles published in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and elsewhere. Far from “hanging on his spurs,” he plans to remain active as an author well into his eighties.-------PLEASE TAG this image with any information you know about it, so that we can permanently store this data with the original image file in our Digital Asset Management System.--------------SOURCE INSTITUTION: San Diego Air and Space Museum Archive
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard that was photographed and published by A. Yallop of Great Yarmouth. They state on the back of the card that it was 'Printed Abroad'.
St. Nicholas
The Norman-era Minster Church of St Nicholas in Great Yarmouth is England's largest parish church. It was founded in 1101 by Herbert de Losinga, the first Bishop of Norwich. Since its construction, it has been Great Yarmouth's parish church.
It is cruciform, with a central tower, which may preserve a part of the original structure. Gradual alterations effectively changed the form of the building. Its nave is 26 feet (7.9 m) wide, and the church's total length is 236 feet (72 m).
These days the church is not only used for religious services, but is also a hub for various other regional and civic events, including concerts by choirs, orchestras and other musical ensembles, art exhibitions and, during festivals and fayres, the church opens permitting stalls and traders inside.
Great Yarmouth
Great Yarmouth is a seaside resort and minster town in Norfolk straddling the River Yare, 20 miles (30 km) east of Norwich. A population of 38,693 in the 2011 Census made it Norfolk's third most populous place.
Its fishing industry, mainly for herring, fell steeply after the mid-20th. century, and has all but vanished. North Sea oil from the 1960's brought an oil-rig supply industry that now services offshore natural gas rigs. More recent offshore wind power and other renewable energy have created further support services.
Yarmouth has been a seaside resort since 1760, and a gateway from the Norfolk Broads to the North Sea. Tourism was boosted when a railway opened in 1844, which gave visitors easier, cheaper access and triggered some settlement.
Wellington Pier opened in 1854 and Britannia Pier in 1858. Through the 20th. century, Yarmouth was a booming resort, with a promenade, pubs, trams, fish-and-chip shops and theatres.
There is also the Pleasure Beach, the Sea Life Centre, the Hippodrome Circus and the Time and Tide Museum, as well as a surviving Victorian seaside Winter Garden in cast iron and glass.
Great Yarmouth in the Past
The town was the site of a bridge disaster and drowning tragedy on the 2nd. May 1845, when a suspension bridge crowded with children collapsed killing 79. They had gathered to watch a clown in a barrel being pulled by geese down the river. As he passed under the bridge the weight shifted, causing the chains on the south side to snap, tipping over the bridge deck.
Great Yarmouth had an electric tramway system from 1902 to 1933. From the 1880's until the Great War, the town was a regular destination for Bass Excursions, when 15 trains would take 8000–9000 employees of Bass's Burton brewery on an annual trip to the seaside.
During the Great War, Great Yarmouth suffered the first aerial bombardment in the UK, by Zeppelin L3 on the 19th. January 1915. That same year on the 15th. August, Ernest Jehan became the first and only man to sink a steel submarine with a sail-rigged Q-ship, off the coast of Great Yarmouth.
Great Yarmouth was bombarded by the German Navy on the 24th. April 1916. The town also suffered Luftwaffe bombing during World War II because it was the last significant place Germans could drop bombs before returning home.
Nevertheless despite war damage, much is left of the old town, including the original 2,000-metre (1.2 mi) protective medieval wall, of which two-thirds has survived. Of the 18 towers, 11 are left.
On the South Quay is a 17th.-century Merchant's House, as well as Tudor, Georgian and Victorian buildings. Behind South Quay is a maze of alleys and lanes known as 'The Rows'. Originally there were 145. Despite bombing, several have remained.
Great Yarmouth was badly affected by the North Sea flood of 1953. More recent flooding has also been a problem, with four floods in 2006, the worst being in September. Torrential rain caused drains to block and an Anglian Water pumping station to break down. This caused flash flooding in which 90 properties were flooded up to a depth of 5 ft (1.5 m).
Great Yarmouth Sights and Amenities
The Tollhouse with its dungeons, dating from the late 13th. century, is one of Britain's oldest former jails and oldest civic buildings. Major sections of the medieval town walls survive around the parish cemetery and in parts of the old town.
Great Yarmouth Minster (The Minster Church of St Nicholas, founded in the 12th. century as an act of penance) stands in Church Plain, just off the market place. It is the third-largest parish church in England, after Beverley Minster in East Yorkshire and Christchurch Priory in Dorset.
Church Plain also has the 17th.-century timber-framed house, in which Anna Sewell (1820–1878), author of Black Beauty, was born.
The market place, one of the largest in England, has been operating since the 13th. century. It is also home to the town's shopping sector and the famous Yarmouth chip stalls. The smaller area south of the market is used as a performance area for community events.
The Scroby Sands Wind Farm of 30 generators is within sight of the seafront. Also visible are grey seals during their breeding season. The country's only full-time circus, the Hippodrome Circus, is just off the seafront.
The Two Piers
Great Yarmouth has two piers, Britannia Pier (which is Grade II listed) and Wellington Pier. The theatre building on the latter was demolished in 2005 and reopened in 2008 as a family entertainment centre, including a ten-pin bowling alley overlooking the beach.
Britannia Pier holds the Britannia Theatre, which during the summer has featured acts such as Jim Davidson, the comedian Jethro, Basil Brush, Cannon and Ball, Chubby Brown, the Chuckle Brothers and the Searchers. It is one of the few end-of-the pier theatres surviving in England.
The Winter Gardens
The Grade II listed Winter Gardens building sits next to the Wellington Pier. The cast iron, framed glass structure was shipped by barge from Torquay in 1903, purportedly without the loss of a single pane of glass. Over the years, it has been used as ballroom, roller skating rink and beer garden.
In the 1990's it was converted into a nightclub by Jim Davidson, and has since been used as a family leisure venue. It is currently (2020) closed. In the meantime it has been named by the Victorian Society as a heritage building at risk of disrepair.
The Marine Parade
Great Yarmouth's seafront, known as 'The Golden Mile' attracts millions of visitors each year to its sandy beaches, indoor and outdoor attractions and amusement arcades.
Great Yarmouth's Marine Parade has twelve Amusement Arcades within 2 square miles.Their names draw heavily on Las Vegas and include: The Flamingo, Circus Circus, The Golden Nugget, The Mint, The Silver Slipper, The Showboat, Magic City, Quicksilver and The Gold Rush.
In addition to the two piers, tourist attractions on Marine Parade include Joyland, Pirates' Cove Adventure Golf, Yesterday's World, the Marina Centre, Retroskate, the Arnold Palmer Putting Green, the Sea Life Centre, Merrivale Model Village and the Pleasure Beach and Gardens.
The Venetian Waterways
In August 2019, the Venetian Waterways and gardens re-opened. The waterways, running parallel to the main beach, were a feature constructed as a work-creation scheme in 1926–1928, consisting of canals and formal gardens, with rowing boats, pedalos and gondolas.
The waterways had been allowed to silt up, decay and become abandoned. With a grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund of £1.7 m and the labour of volunteers, the flowerbeds have been restored with 20,000 plants, and the 1920's cafe has been restored. That and the boat hire are being run by a social enterprise.
The Nelson Monument
The South Denes area is home to the Grade I listed Norfolk Naval Pillar, known locally as the Britannia Monument or Nelson's Monument. This tribute to Nelson was completed in 1819, 24 years before the completion of Nelson's Column in London. The monument, designed by William Wilkins, shows Britannia standing atop a globe holding an olive branch in her right hand and a trident in her left.
There is a popular assumption in the town that the statue of Britannia was supposed to face out to sea but now faces inland due to a mistake during construction, although it is thought she is meant to face Nelson's birthplace at Burnham Thorpe.
The monument was originally planned to mark Nelson's victory at the Battle of the Nile, but fund-raising was not completed until after his death, and it was instead dedicated to England's greatest naval hero. It is currently surrounded by an industrial estate but there are plans to improve the area.
Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens used Great Yarmouth as a key location in his novel David Copperfield and described the town as 'The finest place in the universe'. The author stayed at the Royal Hotel on the Marine Parade while writing the novel.
Great Yarmouth Museums
The Norfolk Nelson Museum on South Quay houses the Ben Burgess collection of Nelson memorabilia and is the only dedicated Nelson museum in Britain, other than one in Monmouth. Its several galleries look at Nelson's life and personality, and at what life was like for men who sailed under him.
The Time and Tide Museum in Blackfriars Road was nominated in the UK Museums Awards in 2005. It was built as part of a regeneration of the south of the town in 2003. Its location in an old herring smokery harks back to the town's status as a major fishing port.
Sections of the historic town wall stand opposite the museum, next to the Great Yarmouth Potteries, part of which is housed in another former smoke house. The town wall is among the most complete medieval town walls in the country, with 11 of the 18 original turrets still standing.
Other museums in the town include the National Trust's Elizabethan House, the Great Yarmouth Row Houses, managed by English Heritage, and the privately owned Blitz and Pieces, based on the Home Front during World War II.
The Westland Wessex Crash
On the 13th. October 2014, a memorial stone was unveiled to commemorate the deaths of thirteen people in the 1981 Bristow Helicopters Westland Wessex crash.
G-ASWI was a Westland Wessex 60 operating between Bacton Gas Terminal, in Norfolk, and Amoco gas platforms in the North Sea. On the 13th. August 1981 the helicopter lost power to the main rotor gearbox, going out of control. The flight was carrying 11 gas workers from the Leman gas field to Bacton. All passengers, pilot and cabin attendant on board were lost.
At 15:41, returning from the Leman field to the landing site at Bacton, the commander, Ben Breach, sent a distress message reporting that he was ditching due to engine failure. Radar lost the aircraft three seconds later.
A Royal Air Force Search and Rescue Westland Sea King left RAF Coltishall at 15:47, sighting floating wreckage from G-ASWI at 15:57.
Efforts to recover the wreck were delayed, meaning that the wreck was beyond recovery by the time salvage operations started. There was insufficient evidence to explain either the loss of power or loss of control that caused the aircraft to crash. The inquest into the deaths of those on board recorded an open verdict.
This photograph was published in the Illustrated Chronicle on the 25th of November 1915.
During the Great War the Illustrated Chronicle published photographs of soldiers and sailors from Newcastle and the North East of England, which had been in the news. The photographs were sent in by relatives and give us a glimpse into the past.
The physical collection held by Newcastle Libraries comprises bound volumes of the newspaper from 1910 to 1925. We are keen to find out more about the people in the photographs. If you recognise anyone in the images please comment below.
Copies of this photograph may be ordered from us, for more information see: www.newcastle.gov.uk/tlt Please make a note of the image reference number above to help speed up your order.