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The Cutty Sark is an historic British Clipper open to the public at Greenwich London. Photo taken with my Samsung phone camera.
Cutty Sark is a British clipper ship. Built on the River Leven, Dumbarton, Scotland in 1869 for the Jock Willis Shipping Line, she was one of the last tea clippers to be built and one of the fastest, at the end of a long period of design development for this type of vessel, which ended as steamships took over their routes. She was named after the short shirt of the fictional witch in Robert Burns's poem Tam o' Shanter, first published in 1791.
After the big improvement in the fuel efficiency of steamships in 1866, the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 gave them a shorter route to China, so Cutty Sark spent only a few years on the tea trade before turning to the trade in wool from Australia, where she held the record time to Britain for ten years. Continuing improvements in steam technology early in the 1880s meant that steamships also came to dominate the longer sailing route to Australia, and the ship was sold to the Portuguese company Ferreira and Co. in 1895 and renamed Ferreira. She continued as a cargo ship until purchased in 1922 by retired sea captain Wilfred Dowman, who used her as a training ship operating from Falmouth, Cornwall. After his death, Cutty Sark was transferred to the Thames Nautical Training College, Greenhithe, in 1938 where she became an auxiliary cadet training ship alongside HMS Worcester. By 1954, she had ceased to be useful as a cadet ship and was transferred to permanent dry dock at Greenwich, London, for public display.
Cutty Sark is listed by National Historic Ships as part of the National Historic Fleet (the nautical equivalent of a Grade 1 Listed Building). She is one of only three remaining intact composite construction (wooden hull on an iron frame) ships from the nineteenth century, the others being the clipper City of Adelaide, now in Port Adelaide, South Australia, and the warship HMS Gannet in Chatham. The beached skeleton of Ambassador, of 1869 lying near Punta Arenas, Chile is the only other significant remnant of this construction method.
The ship has been damaged by fire twice in recent years, first on 21 May 2007 while undergoing conservation. She was restored and was reopened to the public on 25 April 2012. Funders for the Cutty Sark conservation project include: the Heritage Lottery Fund, the House of Commons Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee, Sammy Ofer Foundation, Greenwich Council, Greater London Authority, The Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Berry Brothers & Rudd, Michael Edwards and Alisher Usmanov.
On 19 October 2014 she was damaged in a smaller fire.
Cutty Sark whisky derives its name from the ship. An image of the clipper appears on the label, and the maker formerly sponsored the Cutty Sark Tall Ships Race. The ship also inspired the name of the Saunders Roe Cutty Sark flying boat.
published in Sunday, Daily Times
Photographer: Fayyaz Ahmed
Model: Ayyan
Hair & Makeup: Nighat Misbah@Depilex
Designer: Sonya Batla
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Photograph taken at an altitude of One hundred and twelve metres at 12:28pm on Thursday 25th May 2023 off Keating cross and Benvenuto Avenue at the Butterfly gardens in Victoria, located in Brentwood Bay, British Columbia.
This is Mango, who is forty five years old now, a beautiful bird that I have visited for over 27 years on my trips here (Since it was located at the Crystal Gardens in Victoria back in the day). The American flamingo (Phoenicopterus ruber) is the only flamingo which naturally inhabits North America, and is also known as the Caribbean flamingo. They can reach up to 83 years old in captivity!
Nikon D850 Single-lens reflex digital camera F Mount with FX CMOS 35.9mm x 23.9mm Image sensor 46.89 Million total pixels Focal length 460mm Shutter speed: 1/160s (Mechanical shutter) Aperture f/13.0 iso800 Tamron Vibration Control set to position 1 Image area Full Frame FX (36 x 24) NEF RAW L 45.4Million pixels (8256 x 5504) 14 Bit uncompressed AF-C Priority Selection: Release Nikon Back button focusing enabled 3D Tracking watch area: Normal 55 Tracking points Exposure mode: Manual mode Metering mode: Matrix metering White balance on: Auto1, A1.00, M0.25 (4610k) Colour space: Adobe RGB Picture control: (A) Auto (Sharpening +1.00/Clarity +1.00)
Tamron SP 150-600mm F/5-6.3 Di VC USD G2. Nikon GP-1 GPS module. Hoodman HEYENRG round eyepiece oversized eyecup. Black Rapid Curve Breathe strap. My Memory 128GB Class 10 SDXC 80MB/s card. Lowepro Flipside 400 AW camera bag. Nikon EN-EL15a battery.
LATITUDE: N 48d 33m 52.30s
LONGITUDE: W 123d 26m 21.10s
ALTITUDE: 112.0m
RAW (TIFF) FILE: 130.00MB NEF: 93.0MB
PROCESSED (JPeg) FILE: 58.10MB
PROCESSING POWER:
Nikon D850 Firmware versions C 1.21 (8/12/2022) LD Distortion Data 2.018 (16/01/20) LF 1.00 Nikon Codec Full version 1.31.2 (09/11/2021)
HP 110-352na Desktop PC with Windows 10 Home edition AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU 64Bit processor. Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB Data storage. 64-bit Windows 10. My Passport USB 3.0 2TB portable desktop hard drive. Nikon NX STUDIO 64bit Version 1.2.2 (08/12/2022). Nikon Capture NX-D 64bit Version 1.6.2 (18/02/2020). Nikon Picture Control Utility 2 (Version 2.4.5 (18/02/2020). Nikon Transfer 2 Version 2.16.0 (08/12/2022). Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.
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Special guest degli Helloween e dei Rage, il 31 gennaio all'Alcatraz di Milano, i Crimes Of Passion.
With an epic sense construct of melody, dynamics and power, C.O.P UK (Crimes of Passion) will hit your ears on October 23rd with “Kiss Of An Angel”, a 4-track/2 video EP that refuses to leave your memory.
Produced by Sascha Paeth the Sheffield, England-forged quartet make their intentions clear from the first shimmering guitar of “My Blood”, it’s crisp, melodic metal sound placing C.O.P. UK in the same arena as Saxon, Megadeth and classic White Lion. “Kiss Of An Angel” showcases a soaring sense of balladic warmth which cascades into a slice of classic AOR rock radio, Saxon’s Biff Byford makes a guest appearance on the catchy yet thrash-riffy “Blackened Heart”, while “Blown Away” is a stadium rock classic in the making.
Dale Radcliffe (vocals), Charles Staton (guitar), Andrew Mewse (guitar), Henning Wanner (keys), Scott Jordan (bass) and Kevin Tonge (drums) grew up with the sounds of hometown heroes Def Leppard ringing in their ears, and fusing such influence with an insatiable appetite for performing, C.O.P. UK came together in 2005 and quickly established the type of schedule reserved for the elite. Honing their craft on club stages all over Europe, the band recorded their debut album, To Die For, in 2011 at Blind Guardian’s Twilight Hall Studios, Orion Studios in the UK before being completed at Helloween’s Tenerife studio.
It was during this spell that C.O.P.UK garnered major interest from some of modern metal’s founding fathers. Saxon’s Biff Byford personally invited them to tour Europe in May/June of 2011, touring with them again later that year, as well as appearing at metal festivals throughout the continent. 2012 saw C.O.P. UK’s ascent continue, with recognition from Metal Hammer magazine and further prestigious festival appearances such as the world famous Wacken Open Air and Bloodstock in the UK.
PLEASE NOTE BEFORE USING THIS PHOTO: Your license to use it is restricted to purposes that are affirming of equal access to facilities for all LGBTQ humans. Any use of this photo surrounded by homophobic, transphobic, or discriminatory language is not permitted and license to use is invalid per the respect of moral rights in the Creative Commons license. Any uses of this photo discovered to violate these terms will have license immediately revoked as well. Thank you! :)
This photo replaces a previous photo that I did not take. I took this one. See the rest of the photos in Gender Neutral Restrooms group for more inspiration.
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Published in New West Holllywood law requires gender-neutral public restrooms | Take Two | 89.3 KPCC
Published in Transgender Hopkins County High School Student Working on Petition to Use Bathroon of Choice | WKU Public Radio
Published in Vlaanderen krijgt genderneutrale toiletten - Buitenland - TROUW
Published in SF School Adds Gender-Neutral Kindergarten Bathrooms - Breitbart
Published in Jacksonville City Council scuttles bill that would let transgender men [ sic ] into women’s bathrooms - Liberty Unyielding - Note: comment placed on article about the inaccuracy of the headline.
Published in Out & About - Amerikanske teenagere har mangfoldig kønsforståelse
Published in Single-sex schools 'not equipped to deal with transgender issues' | Education News | News | The Independent
Published in HB 2: Louie Gohmert’s Lie, and What It Reveals.
Published in New Jersey School Board Allows T----s to Use Bathroom According to Their Gender Identity : Nation : Christianity Daily (Comment left ordering change of terminology or takedown, per violation of policy above)
Published in www.minnpost.com/mental-health-addiction/2016/10/brian-ro...
Published in Tech CEOs oppose Texas 'bathroom bill' in ongoing support of transgender rights - SiliconANGLE
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard that was published by The Promenade Studio, Whitley Bay. The card, which has a divided back, has been hand-stamped with the date 25 Jul 1930. This day was in fact a Friday.
Annie Ross
So what else happened on the day that the card was hand-stamped?
Well, the 25th. July 1930 marked the birth in Surrey of Annie Ross.
Born Annabelle McCauley Allan Short, Annie was a British-American singer and actress who was active between 1937 and 2020.
Known professionally as Annie Ross, she was best known as a member of the jazz vocal trio Lambert, Hendricks & Ross.
Annie Ross - The Early Years
Annie Ross was born in Surrey, England, the daughter of Scottish vaudevillians John "Jack" Short and Mary Dalziel Short (née Allan).
Her brother was Scottish entertainer and theatre producer and director Jimmy Logan. She first appeared on stage at age three. At the age of four, she travelled to New York by ship with her family; she later recalled that:
"We got the cheapest ticket, which
was right in the bowels of the ship".
Shortly after arriving in New York, she won a token contract with MGM through a children's radio contest run by Paul Whiteman. She subsequently moved with her aunt, Scottish-American singer and actress Ella Logan, to Los Angeles, and her mother, father and brother returned to Scotland.
Annie did not see her parents again until fourteen years later. At the age of seven, she sang "The Bonnie Banks o' Loch Lomond" in Our Gang Follies of 1938, and played Judy Garland's character's sister in Presenting Lily Mars (1943).
At the age of 14, Annie wrote the song "Let's Fly", which won a songwriting contest and was recorded by Johnny Mercer and The Pied Pipers.
At the end of 10th. grade, she left school, changed her name to Annie Ross, and went to Europe, where she established her singing career. Annie changed her surname to Ross during the plane trip to Prestwick; in a 2011 interview, she said:
"My aunt was very fanciful, and she
said I had an Irish grandmother called
Ross, so that's where that surname
came from".
Annie Ross's Career
In 1952, Ross met Prestige Records owner Bob Weinstock, who asked her to write lyrics to a jazz solo in a similar way to King Pleasure, a practice that would later be known as vocalese. The next day, she presented him with "Twisted", a treatment of saxophonist Wardell Gray's 1949 composition of the same name, a classic example of the genre.
The song, first released in 1952, was an underground hit, and resulted in her winning Down Beat magazine's New Star award.
In February 1956, the British music magazine NME reported that Ross's version of the song "I Want You to Be My Baby" was banned by the BBC due to the lyric "Come upstairs and have some loving".
Annie recorded seven albums with Lambert, Hendricks & Ross between 1957 and 1962. Their first, Sing a Song of Basie (1957), was to have been performed by a group of singers hired by Jon Hendricks and Dave Lambert with Ross brought in only as vocal consultant.
However it was decided that the trio should attempt to record the material and overdub all the additional vocals themselves, but the first two tracks were recorded and deemed unsatisfactory, so they ditched the dubbing idea.
The resulting album was a success, and the trio became an international hit. Over the next five years, Lambert, Hendricks & Ross toured the world, and recorded such albums as The Hottest New Group in Jazz (1959), Sing Ellington (1960), High Flying (1962), and The Real Ambassadors (1962), written by Dave Brubeck and featuring Louis Armstrong and Carmen McRae.
Ross left the group in 1962, and in 1964 opened a nightclub in London. Annie's Room hosted Joe Williams, Nina Simone, Stuff Smith, Blossom Dearie, Anita O'Day, Jon Hendricks, and Erroll Garner.
Her adulthood film roles included Liza in the film Straight On till Morning (1972), Claire in Alfie Darling (1976), Diana Sharman in Funny Money (1983), Vera Webster in Superman III (1983), Mrs. Hazeltine in Throw Momma from the Train (1987), Rose Brooks in Witchery (1988), Loretta Cresswood in Pump Up the Volume (1990), Tess Trainer in Robert Altman's Short Cuts (1993), and Lydia in Blue Sky (1994).
Annie also appeared as Granny Ruth in the horror films Basket Case 2 (1990) and Basket Case 3: The Progeny (1991). She also had a bit part in Robert Altman's The Player in 1992. Ross also starred in Scottish Television's comedy-drama Charles Endell Esquire (1979).
Annie provided the speaking voice for Britt Ekland in The Wicker Man (1973), and Ingrid Thulin's singing voice in Salon Kitty (1976). On stage, she appeared in Cranks (1955; London and New York City), The Threepenny Opera (1972), The Seven Deadly Sins (1973) at the Royal Opera House, Kennedy's Children (1975) at the Arts Theatre, London, Side by Side by Sondheim, and in the Joe Papp production of The Pirates of Penzance (1982).
Annie Ross's Personal Life
In 1949, Ross had a brief affair with drummer Kenny Clarke. This affair produced a son, Kenny Clarke Jr. (born 1950), who was raised by Clarke's brother and his wife.
During her time with Lambert, Hendricks & Ross, Annie became addicted to heroin. In the late 1950's she had an affair with the comedian Lenny Bruce, who was also having drug problems. By 1960, Carol Sloane was substituting for her on tour. After a performance by the trio in London in May 1962, she remained in London to confront her drug addiction.
In 1963, she married actor Sean Lynch; they divorced in 1975, and he died in a car crash soon afterwards. By that time, she had also lost her home, and declared bankruptcy.
Annie became a United States citizen in 2001.
Annie died in New York City on the 21st. July 2020 from emphysema and heart disease, four days before her 90th. birthday.
Annie Ross's Awards and Honours
Ross received the ASCAP Jazz Wall of Fame award (2009), the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters' Award (2010), and the MAC Award for Lifetime Achievement (2011).
In July 2006 a one-woman play entitled Twisted: The Annie Ross Story by Brian McGeachan premiered at The Space Theatre in London, starring Verity Quade. It focused on Annie's stormy relationship with her aunt, Broadway legend Ella Logan, her brief affair with the comedian Lenny Bruce and her addiction to heroin. The play transferred to the Brockley Jack Theatre in London that same year, with Ross being played by Betsy Pennington.
A documentary about Ross's life, entitled No One But Me, premiered at the Glasgow Film Festival in 2012.
This photo of Selene Theia, Taken during her studio day at Inspire Studio has been published in the October issue of Femme Rebelle ALLURE.
Shots used in 1-800-boardup's 2015 calendar.
January 2016: Firefighters from Station 160(LACoFD) prepare to put water on a fully involved garage.
via John Currin (JC - Ex RNZN) - Google+ Public Posts ift.tt/1L3MUGY
New post (Casino Royal Marines as commando helicopters train over Las Vegas) has been published on Naval, Military, and Marine Life Casino Royal Marines as commando helicopters train over Las Vegas
1 October 2015
Commando Helicopter Force took their Merlins to Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas for two weeks of intensive training, perfecting rescuing casualties from the field of battle.
The wings of the green berets took their lead from the world’s no.1 military rescuers, the US Air Force’s 66thRescue Squadron.
Pictures: PO(Phot) Mez Merrill, CHF
AGAINST the glitzy, unmistakeable backdrop of the Las Vegas skyline, the Royal Marines new flying steed banks in company with a US Air Force Pavehawk.
The wings of the green berets, the Commando Helicopter Force, took their Merlins to Nellis Air Force Base – on the edge of the world-famous city of pleasure – for two weeks of intensive training, perfecting rescuing casualties from the field of battle.
The Royal Marines’ helicopter force is in the middle of switching from the trusty Sea King – which has served the commandos well for more than four decades, including extensive action in the Falklands, Gulf and Afghanistan – to the battlefield Merlin: big, green, more powerful, more capacity, loading ramp for troops to walk up.
The new helicopter requires new ways of thinking and working – which is why 845 Naval Air Squadron left their base at Yeovilton behind to head to the desert to train with 3 Commando Brigade whose marines are currently blasting their way through the live-fire exercise area at Twentynine Palms.
The detachment to the US also allowed a fortnight in Vegas working with 66th (Jolly Greens) Rescue Squadron – the world leaders in what the military call Joint Personnel Recovery: saving wounded troops.
The US military formed a dedicated unit to do just that based on their experiences in Korea at the beginning of the 1950s.
Six decades down the line, and with a specially-modified Blackhawk helicopter, the HH60 Pavehawk, the Jolly Greens have become experts in not just extracting injured personnel – but doing so under enemy fire.
The combined US-Royal Navy training – Exercise United Action – reached its climax with two Merlins and two Pavehawks carrying out a joint rescue.
And while the Jolly Greens have (a) shedloads of experience (b) a pretty decent battle-proven helicopter with plenty of firepower (.5 calibre machine-gun or a Minigun) to keep the enemy pinned down while casualties are being picked up…
…it doesn’t have a ramp-mounted machine-gun… which the Merlin does… to keep the enemy pinned down while casualties are being picked up.
Posted by - David Arkwright
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photographer | Bernard Egger / profile.. • collections.. • sets..
location | Selenogradsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, RF
📷 | Зеленоградск Beach, Baltic Sea :: rumoto images # 4049
РОССИЯ ❤️ RUSSIA • best RUS Flickr group
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If a photographer can’t feel what he is looking at, then he is never going to get others to feel anything when they look at his pictures.
20091119_1182
Vandaag ontving ik per post mijn presentexemplaar van Heel Nederland een gids, geschreven door Rik Zaal.
Toen mij gevraagd werd of men deze foto mocht gebruiken en daar geen geld voor wilden neertellen maar me wel een presentexemplaar toezegde ben ik akkoord gegaan. Ik had toen nog geen idee van de omvang van dit boek en het PR plan eromheen (presentatie bij Pauw en Witteman, overal lezingen door Heel Nedereland e.d.)
Ik ben helemaal trots dat hier ook een foto in staat die ik gemaakt heb. Zoals jullie zien heeft de foto een prominente plaats gekregen en is de naamsvermelding direct onder de foto geplaatst.
Het boekwerk bestaat uit twee delen van elk ongeveer 650 pagina's dik.
Kost tot 1 januari 59,95, daarna 69,95.
Band shoot for City Arts magazine. Finally published, so I can post the rejects. I kind of wish they had used this one- it was my favorite. Watch out for Apricot & the Beginners, they'll be playing a lot around the sound in the coming months.
I think I used the 7D and 24-70 2.8L for this. It was definitely a three light setup.
Strobist: The key was a PCB Einstein w/ BD camera right and very feathered. It was almost pointing back at the camera. There were two small strobes, one to the left providing fill/rim on the mask and zebra, the other lighting the back wall from the right. The fill/rim was extremely low power, maybe 1/64th, the BG light was maybe 1/16th.
Drew Shapiro
Thunderbird Photo
The 3 flying O'Shannassys – Biography
Published by the German Fanzine “Da ist ein Licht” (www.daisteinlicht.de) in March 2013
The 3 flying O'Shannassys are one of the least known but most influential bands of the last two decades. The band was formed in 1993 by the three brothers John, James and Caspar O'Shannassy on the day they met each other by accident in a Geometry class at the University of London.
The O'Shannassys were born in the early 70s in the St. Barnabas Hospital in central London. Due to an administrative failure Caspar was separated and raised by a foster family in Edinburgh – nobody knew that there were more than two O'Shannassy boys. John was named after the 2nd Premier of Victoria, James after his Grandfather, and Caspar was named for convenience – it is easier to call someone for dinner by calling a name.
At the same day they met at University they decided to live together in one apartment, to form a band and to visit classes and tests for each other in a rotary system.
They met their fist manager the same day, he lived upstairs. Unfortunately he thought that The 3 flying Does would be a perfect name for the next hope in pop business, and he somehow forced the three brothers to agree. That decision caused heavy nightmares for John Shannassy – now John Doe. As their manager declined every change of the name they had to fire him. His grumpy unfair reviews of their shows helped a lot to spread their name in the following years.
New ballet & landscape instagrams!
www.instagram.com/elliotmcgucken/
Nikon D810 Epic Fine Art Ballerina Goddess Dancing Ballet! Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Ballet!
Marrying epic landscape, nature, and urban photography to ballet!
Nikon D810 with the Nikon MB-D12 Multi Battery Power Pack / Grip for D800 and D810 Digital Cameras allows one to shoot at a high to catch the action FPS! Ballerina Dance Goddess Photos! Pretty, Tall Ballet Swimsuit Bikini Model Goddess! Captured with the AF-S NIKKOR 70-200mm f/2.8G ED VR II from Nikon, and the Sigma 50mm f/1.4 DG HSM Art Lens for Nikon! Love them both!
www.facebook.com/45surfAchillesOdysseyMythology
Ballerina dancing ballet! Pretty ballerina girl with blonde hair and blue eyes!
A pretty goddess straight out of Homer's Iliad & Odyssey!
New Instagram! instagram.com/45surf
New facebook: www.facebook.com/45surfAchillesOdysseyMythology
Join my new fine art ballet facebook page! www.facebook.com/fineartballet/
The 45EPIC landscapes and goddesses are straight out of Homer's Iliad & Odyssey!
I'm currently updating a translation with the Greek names for the gods and goddesses--will publish soon! :)
"RAGE--Sing, O goddess, the anger of Achilles son of Peleus, that brought countless ills upon the Achaeans. Many a brave soul did it send hurrying down to Hades, and many a hero did it yield a prey to dogs and vultures, for so were the counsels of Zeus fulfilled from the day on which the son of Atreus, king of men, and great Achilles, first fell out with one another. " --Homer's Iliad capturing the rage of the 45EPIC landscapes and seascapes! :)
Ludwig van Beethoven: "Music/poetry/art should strike fire from the heart of man, and bring tears from the eyes of woman."
Published by W. H. Burton
American News Company Litho-Chrome
Postmark 1907. Litho-Chrome postcards were published by ANC 1906-1909.
Bain News Service,, publisher.
Norma Shearer [in short dress]
1927 Aug. (date created or published later by Bain)
1 negative : glass ; 5 x 7 in. or smaller.
Notes:
Title and date from data provided by the Bain News Service on the negative.
On negative: Red & white sport, white hat, pumps, haning white pearl.
Photograph shows Canadian film actress Norma Shearer (1902-1983). (Source: Flickr Commons project, 2012)
Forms part of: George Grantham Bain Collection (Library of Congress).
Format: Glass negatives.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print
General information about the Bain Collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.ggbain
Higher resolution image is available (Persistent URL): hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/ggbain.18348
Call Number: LC-B2- 3373-16
Jan Theuninck published in "Rimbaud et moi", Editions du Pont de l’Europe (sept.2020)
ISBN 978-2-36851-520-4
editionsdupontdeleurope.eproshopping.fr/1199832-rimbaud-e...
Rimbaud est toujours d'actualité, maintenant que nous vivons une saison en enfer dans une civilisation qui s’oriente vers un nouvel ordre mondial: ce communautarisme est déjà à la base de centaines de nouvelles règles et réglementations mondiales qui éliminent les droits individuels car cette politique considère que les droits et libertés individuels constituent une menace réelle pour la sécurité de la communauté; la propagande messianique utilisée nous rappelle les heures sombres du nazisme ou du communisme. L'histoire ne nous a rien appris: on peut voir les commémorations de l'holocauste presque quotidiennement alors qu'aujourd'hui il y a une prolifération d'armes chimiques(technologie de la chambre à gaz) et énergétiques à l'échelle individuelle: c’est de la torture contemporaine pour ceux qui sont suspects de ne pas penser correctement. La technologie de la “ville sûre” surveille chaque personne à partir du moment où elle quitte sa porte jusqu'au moment où elle y retourne et ils entrent chez vous pour y placer des micros et micro caméras sous prétexte que vous êtes en contact avec un “suspect” de terrorisme. Selon Hannah Arendt, la préparation au totalitarisme a réussi lorsque les gens ont perdu le contact avec leurs semblables ainsi que la réalité qui les entoure: pensez-y !
Jan Theuninck
Rimbaud is still relevant now that we are living a season in hell in a civilization that is moving towards a new world order: this communitarianism is already the basis of hundreds of new global rules and regulations that eliminate individual rights because this policy considers that individual rights and freedoms constitute a real threat to the security of the community; the messianic propaganda used reminds us of the dark days of Nazism or Communism. History has taught us nothing: we can see the commemorations of the Holocaust almost daily while today there is a proliferation of chemical (gas chamber technology) and energy weapons on an individual scale : it is contemporary torture for those who are suspected of not thinking correctly. “Safe City” technology monitors everyone from the moment they leave their door until the moment they return, and they enter your home to place microphones and micro cameras there under the pretext that you are in contact with a person “suspect” of terrorism. According to Hannah Arendt, preparation for totalitarianism has been successful when people have lost touch with their fellow human beings as well as the reality around them: think about it!
Jan Theuninck
Rimbaud is nog steeds relevant nu we een 'seizoen in de hel' beleven in een beschaving die op weg is naar een nieuwe wereldorde: dit communitarisme is nu al de basis van
honderden nieuwe wereldwijde regels en voorschriften die individuele rechten elimineren, omdat dit beleid van mening is dat individuele rechten en vrijheden een reële bedreiging
vormen voor de veiligheid van de 'gemeenschap'; de messiaanse propaganda die wordt gebruikt, herinnert ons aan de donkere dagen van het nazisme of het communisme.
De geschiedenis heeft ons niets geleerd: we krijgen de herdenkingen van de Holocaust bijna dagelijks te zien, terwijl er vandaag een proliferatie is van chemische (gaskamertechnologie) en energiewapens op individuele schaal : het is een hedendaagse marteling voor degenen die ervan worden verdacht niet correct te denken. “Safe City”- technologie houdt iedereen in de gaten vanaf het moment dat je het huis verlaat tot het moment dat je terugkeert, en ze komen je huis binnen om daar microfoons en microcamera's te plaatsen onder het voorwendsel dat je in contact bent met een persoon die "verdacht" wordt van terrorisme.
Volgens Hannah Arendt is de voorbereiding op het totalitarisme geslaagd als mensen het contact met hun medemensen en de realiteit om hen heen zijn kwijtgeraakt:.
Denk er eens over na..
Jan Theuninck
History has taught us nothing: this is going on since at least 25 years - read the text.
Historia ei ole opettanut meille mitään
Prof MD Karl Hecht (armes énergétiques)
cdn.lbryplayer.xyz/api/v4/streams/free/2021-03-13_LesPens...
Barrie Trower(microwave weaponry expert) : The '5G' frequencies, ( the effects & possibilities) were known many decades ago in military services - all wireless technology causes non-ionising radiation sickness, which often results in flu-like symptoms and sometimes in death.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pFjB59694o
Dr Russell Blaylock (armes chimiques - english/français)
twitter.com/i/status/1405536195241668611
Le psychologue allemand l'explique clairement, les mesures corona sont des méthodes de torture qui sont également utilisées en Chine et en Corée du Nord
The Postcard
A postcard published by DLG that has a divided back.
The card was posted in Amiens on Monday the 19th. April 1909 to:
Monsieur Georges Lee,
Ouvrier Marechal,
Chez M. Coengnet,
Rue Victor Hugo,
Boves,
Somme.
Jim 'Killer' Miller
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, on the 19th. April 1909, Jim Miller escaped from prison.
Jim "Killer" Miller had been a terror in the southwestern United States for 25 years.
After Miller murdered former U.S. Marshal Gus Bobbitt in 1908, he and the three men who hired him were caught in March 1909, and placed in the Pontotoc County Jail in Ada, Oklahoma, to await trial.
At 2:00 a.m. on the 19th. April, the electric power to the jail was cut and more than 100 men broke in, overpowered the guards, and took the four men to a nearby livery stable.
Miller, along with Jess West, Joe Allen and B.B. Burwell, were hanged by their vigilante executioners.
William Howard Taft
Also on that day, William Howard Taft became the first U.S. President to attend a major league baseball game He joined Vice-President Sherman in watching the Washington Senators host the Boston Red Sox.
Boston won 8–4.
Hanging as a Means of Execution
The Short Drop
The short drop is a method of hanging in which the condemned prisoner stands on a raised support such as a stool, ladder, cart, or other vehicle, with the noose around the neck. The support is then moved away, leaving the person dangling from the rope.
Suspended by the neck, the weight of the body tightens the noose around the neck, effecting strangulation and death. This typically takes 10–20 minutes. This means that the prisoner can be revived before death and hung again, perhaps multiple times.
Before 1850, the short drop was the standard method of hanging, and it is still common in suicides and extrajudicial hangings (such as lynchings and summary executions) which do not benefit from the specialised equipment and drop-length calculation tables used in the newer methods.
The Pole Method
A short drop variant is the Austro-Hungarian "pole" method, in which the following steps take place:
-- The condemned is made to stand before a specialized vertical pole or pillar, approximately 3 metres (9.8 ft) in height.
-- A rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.
-- The condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.
-- A narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.
-- The chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.
-- The executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned, and guides the head downward with his hand simultaneous to the efforts of his assistants. In some countries the executioner would then manually dislocate the condemned's neck.
This method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the pole method was used as the only type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990.
Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.
The Standard Drop
The standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2 and 1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.
It was considered a humane improvement on the short drop, because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.
This method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that:
"The hangman botched the execution and the
rope throttled the former foreign minister for
20 minutes before he expired."
A Life magazine report on the execution merely says:
"The trap fell open and with a sound midway
between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop
disappeared. The rope quivered for a time,
then stood tautly straight."
The Long Drop
This process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Great Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop.
Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken, but not so much that the person was decapitated.
The careful placement of the knot of the noose (so that the head was jerked back as the rope tightened) contributed to breaking the neck.
Prior to 1892, the drop was between four and ten feet (about one to three metres), depending on the weight of the body, and was calculated to deliver an energy of 1,260 foot-pounds force (1,710 J), which fractured the neck at either the 2nd. and 3rd. or 4th. and 5th. cervical vertebrae.
This force resulted in some decapitations, such as the infamous case of Black Jack Ketchum in New Mexico Territory in 1901, owing to a significant weight gain while in custody not having been factored into the drop calculations.
Between 1892 and 1913, the length of the drop was shortened to avoid decapitation. After 1913, other factors were also taken into account, and the energy delivered was reduced to about 1,000 foot-pounds force (1,400 J).
The decapitation of Eva Dugan during a botched hanging in 1930 led the state of Arizona to switch to the gas chamber as its primary execution method, on the grounds that it was believed more humane.
One of the more recent decapitations as a result of the long drop occurred when Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti was hanged in Iraq in 2007. Accidental decapitation also occurred during the 1962 hanging of Arthur Lucas, one of the last two people to be put to death in Canada.
Nazis executed under British jurisdiction, including Josef Kramer, Fritz Klein, Irma Grese and Elisabeth Volkenrath, were hanged by Albert Pierrepoint using the variable-drop method devised by Marwood. The record speed for a British long-drop hanging was seven seconds from the executioner entering the cell to the drop. Speed was considered to be important in the British system as it reduced the condemned's mental distress.
Suicide by Hanging
Hanging is a common suicide method. The materials necessary for suicide by hanging are readily available to the average person, compared to firearms or poisons. Full suspension is not required, and for this reason, hanging is especially commonplace among suicidal prisoners.
A type of hanging comparable to full suspension hanging may be obtained by self-strangulation using a ligature around the neck and the partial weight of the body to tighten the ligature. When a suicidal hanging involves partial suspension the deceased is found to have both feet touching the ground, e.g., they are kneeling, crouching or standing.
Partial suspension is sometimes used, particularly in prisons, mental hospitals or other institutions, where full suspension support is difficult to devise, because high ligature points (e.g., hooks or pipes) have been removed.
In Canada, hanging is the most common method of suicide, and in the U.S., hanging is the second most common method, after self-inflicted gunshot wounds. In the United Kingdom, where firearms are less easily available, in 2001 hanging was the most common method among men, and the second most commonplace among women (after poisoning).
Those who survive a suicide-via-hanging, whether due to breakage of the cord, or being discovered and cut down, face a range of serious injuries, including cerebral anoxia (which can lead to permanent brain damage), laryngeal fracture, cervical spine fracture (which may cause paralysis), tracheal fracture, pharyngeal laceration, and carotid artery injury.
Hanging Practices Across the Globe
Hanging has been a method of capital punishment in many countries, and is still used by many countries to this day. Long drop hanging is mainly used by former British colonies, while short-drop and suspension hanging is common in Iran.
-- Afghanistan
Hanging is the most-used form of capital punishment in Afghanistan.
-- Australia
Capital punishment was a part of the legal system of Australia from the establishment of New South Wales as a British penal colony, until 1985, by which time all Australian states and territories had abolished the death penalty. In practice, the last execution in Australia was the hanging of Ronald Ryan on the 3rd. February 1967, in Victoria.
During the 19th. century, crimes that could carry a death sentence included burglary, sheep theft, forgery, sexual assaults, murder and manslaughter. During the 19th. century, roughly eighty people were hanged every year throughout the Australian colonies for these crimes.
-- Bangladesh
Hanging is the only method of execution in Bangladesh, ever since its independence.
-- Brazil
Death by hanging was the customary method of capital punishment in Brazil throughout its history. Some important national heroes like Tiradentes (1792) were killed by hanging.
The last man to be executed in Brazil was the slave Francisco, in 1876. The death penalty was abolished for all crimes, except for those committed under extraordinary circumstances such as war or military law, in 1890.
-- Bulgaria
Bulgaria's national hero, Vasil Levski, was executed by hanging by the Ottoman court in Sofia in 1873. Every year since Bulgaria's liberation, thousands come with flowers on the date of his death, 19th. February, to his monument where the gallows stood. The last execution was in 1989, and the death penalty was abolished for all crimes in 1998.
-- Canada
Historically, hanging was the only method of execution used in Canada, and was in use as possible punishment for all murders until 1961, when murders were re-classified into capital and non-capital offences.
The death penalty was restricted to apply only for certain offences under the National Defence Act in 1976, and was completely abolished in 1998. The last hangings in Canada took place on the 11th. December 1962.
-- Egypt
In 1955, Egypt hanged three Israelis on charges of spying. In 1982 Egypt hanged three civilians convicted of the assassination of Anwar Sadat.
In 2004, Egypt hanged five militants on charges of trying to kill the Prime Minister. To this day, hanging remains the standard method of capital punishment in Egypt, which executes more people each year than any other African country.
-- Germany
In the territories occupied by Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945, strangulation hanging was a preferred means of public execution, although more criminal executions were performed by guillotine than hanging.
The most commonly sentenced were partisans and black marketeers, whose bodies were usually left hanging for long periods. There are also numerous reports of concentration camp inmates being hanged.
Hanging was continued in post-war Germany in the British and US Occupation Zones under their jurisdiction, and for Nazi war criminals, until well after (western) Germany had abolished the death penalty. The last execution ordered by a West German court was carried out by guillotine in Moabit prison in 1949.
The last hanging in Germany was of several war criminals in Landsberg am Lech on the 7th. June 1951. The last known execution in East Germany was in 1981 by a pistol shot to the neck.
-- Hungary
During the 1956 Revolution, the prime minister of Hungary, Imre Nagy, was secretly tried, executed by hanging, and buried unceremoniously by the new Soviet-backed Hungarian government. Nagy was later publicly exonerated by Hungary.
Capital punishment was abolished for all crimes in 1990.
-- India
All executions in India since independence have been carried out by hanging, although the law provides for military executions to be carried out by firing squad.
In 1949, Nathuram Godse, who had been sentenced to death for the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, was the first person to be executed by hanging in independent India.
The Supreme Court of India has suggested that capital punishment should be given only in the "rarest of rare cases".
Since 2001, eight people have been executed in India. Dhananjoy Chatterjee, the 1991 rapist and murderer was executed on the 14th. August 2004 in Alipore Jail, Kolkata.
Ajmal Kasab, the lone surviving terrorist of the 2008 Mumbai attacks was executed on the 21st. November 2012 in Yerwada Central Jail, Pune. The Supreme Court of India had previously rejected his mercy plea, which was then rejected by the President of India. He was hanged one week later.
Afzal Guru, a terrorist found guilty of conspiracy in the December 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, was executed by hanging in Tihar Jail, Delhi on the 9th. February 2013.
Yakub Memon was convicted over his involvement in the 1993 Bombay bombings on the 27th. July 2007. His appeals and petitions for clemency were all rejected, and he was finally executed by hanging on 30 July 2015 in Nagpur jail. In March 2020, four prisoners convicted of rape and murder were executed by hanging in Tihar Jail.
-- Iran
Death by hanging is the primary means of capital punishment in Iran, which carries out one of the highest numbers of annual executions in the world. The method used is the short drop, which does not break the neck of the condemned, but rather causes a slower death due to strangulation.
Hanging is legally approved for murder, rape, and drug trafficking unless the criminal pays diyya to the victim's family, thus attaining their forgiveness.
If the presiding judge deems the case to be causing public outrage, he can order the hanging to take place in public at the spot where the crime was committed, typically from a mobile telescoping crane which hoists the condemned high into the air.
On the 19th. July 2005, two boys, Mahmoud Asgari and Ayaz Marhoni, aged 15 and 17 respectively, who had been convicted of the rape of a 13-year-old boy, were hanged at Edalat (Justice) Square in Mashhad, on charges of homosexuality and rape.
On the 15th. August 2004, a 16-year-old girl, Atefeh Sahaaleh was executed for having committed "acts incompatible with chastity".
At dawn on the 27th. July 2008, the Iranian government executed 29 people at Evin Prison in Tehran.
On the 2nd. December 2008, an unnamed man was hanged for murder at Kazeroun Prison, just moments after he was pardoned by the murder victim's family. He was quickly cut down and rushed to a hospital, where he was successfully revived.
The conviction and hanging of Reyhaneh Jabbari caused international uproar as she was sentenced to death in 2009 and hanged on the 25th. October 2014 for murdering a former intelligence officer; according to Jabbari's testimony she stabbed him during an attempt at rape and then another person killed him.
-- Iraq
Hanging was used under the regime of Saddam Hussein, but was suspended along with capital punishment on the 10th. June 2003, when a coalition led by the United States invaded and overthrew the previous regime. The death penalty was reinstated on the 8th. August 2004.
In September 2005, three murderers were the first people to be executed since the restoration. Then on the 9th. March 2006, the Supreme Judicial Council confirmed that the first insurgents had been executed by hanging.
Saddam Hussein was sentenced to death by hanging for crimes against humanity, and was executed on the 30th. December 2006 at approximately 6:00 a.m. local time. During the drop, there was an audible crack, indicating that his neck was broken, a successful example of a long-drop hanging.
Barzan Ibrahim, the head of the Mukhabarat, Saddam's security agency, and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, former chief judge, were executed on the 15th. January 2007, also by the long-drop method, but Barzan was decapitated by the rope at the end of his fall.
Former vice-president Taha Yassin Ramadan had been sentenced to life in prison, but the sentence was changed to death by hanging on the 20th. March 2007. He was the fourth and final man to be executed for the 1982 crimes against humanity. The execution went smoothly.
It is alleged that Iraq's government keeps the execution rate secret, and that hundreds may be carried out every year. In 2007, Amnesty International stated that 900 people were at "imminent risk" of execution in Iraq.
-- Israel
Although Israel has legal provisions for the death penalty for extraordinary crimes, it has been used only twice, and only one of those executions was by hanging. On the 31st. May 1962, Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann was executed by hanging.
-- Japan
All executions in Japan are carried out by long drop hanging.
On the 23rd. December 1948, seven men were hanged at Sugamo Prison by the U.S. occupation authorities in Allied-occupied Japan for war crimes during the Asian-Pacific theatre of World War II.
On 27 February 2004, the mastermind of the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway, Shoko Asahara, was found guilty, and sentenced to death by hanging. In 2018 Asahara and several of his cult members were hanged for committing the 1995 sarin gas attack.
On the 25th. December 2006, serial killer Hiroaki Hidaka and three others were hanged in Japan.
-- Jordan
Death by hanging is the traditional method of capital punishment in Jordan. On the 14th. August 1993, Jordan hanged two Jordanians convicted of spying for Israel.
Sajida al-Rishawi, "The 4th Bomber" of the 2005 Amman bombings, was executed by hanging alongside Ziad al-Karbouly on the 4th. February 2015 in retribution for the immolation of Jordanian pilot Muath Al-Kasasbeh.
-- Lebanon
Lebanon hanged two men in 1998 for murdering a man and his sister. However, capital punishment was altogether suspended in Lebanon, as a result of staunch opposition by activists and some political factions.
-- Liberia
On the 16th. February 1979, seven men convicted of the ritual killing of the popular singer Moses Tweh, were publicly hanged at dawn in Harper.
-- Malaysia
Hanging is the traditional method of capital punishment in Malaysia, and has been used to execute people convicted of murder and drug trafficking. The Barlow and Chambers execution was carried out as a result of new tighter drug regulations.
-- Portugal
The last person executed by hanging in Portugal was Francisco Matos Lobos on the 16th. April 1842. Before that, it had been a common death penalty.
-- Pakistan
In Pakistan, hanging is the most common form of execution.
-- Russia
Hanging was commonly practised in the Russian Empire during the rule of the Romanov Dynasty as an alternative to impalement, which was used in the 15th. and 16th. centuries.
Hanging was abolished in 1868 by Alexander II, but was restored by the time of his death, and his assassins were hanged. While those sentenced to death for murder were usually pardoned and sentences commuted to life imprisonment, those guilty of high treason were usually executed.
This also included the Grand Duchy of Finland and the Kingdom of Poland under the Russian crown. Taavetti Lukkarinen became the last Finn to be executed this way. He was hanged for espionage and high treason in 1916.
The hanging was usually performed by short drop in public. The gallows were usually either a stout nearby tree branch, as in the case of Lukkarinen, or a makeshift gallows constructed for the purpose.
After the October Revolution in 1917, capital punishment was, on paper, abolished, but continued to be used unabated against people perceived to be enemies of the regime. Under the Bolsheviks, most executions were performed by shooting, either by firing squad or by a single firearm.
In 1943, hanging was restored primarily for German servicemen and native collaborators for atrocities committed against Soviet POWs and civilians. The last to be hanged were Andrey Vlasov and his companions in 1946.
-- Singapore
In Singapore, long-drop hanging is currently used as a mandatory punishment for crimes such as drug trafficking, murder and some types of kidnapping. It has also been used for punishing those convicted of unauthorised discharging of firearms.
-- Sri Lanka
Hanging was abolished in Sri Lanka in 1956, but in 1959 it was brought back and later halted in 1978. In 1975, the day before the execution of Maru Sira, he had been overdosed by the prison guards to prevent him from escaping.
On the day of his execution he was unconscious, so when he was brought to the gallows, he was slumped over on the trapdoor with a noose around his neck, and when the executioner pulled the lever, his execution was botched and he strangled.
-- Syria
Syria has publicly hanged people, such as two Jews in 1952, Israeli spy Eli Cohen in 1965, and a number of Jews accused of spying in 1969.
According to a 19th.-century report, members of the Alawite sect in Syria had a particular aversion towards being hanged, and the family of the condemned was willing to pay "considerable sums" to ensure its relatives were impaled, rather than hanged.
This attitude was based upon the belief that the soul ought to leave the body through the mouth, rather than leave it in any other fashion.
-- The United Kingdom
As a form of judicial execution in England, hanging is thought to date from the Anglo-Saxon period. Records of the names of British hangmen begin with Thomas de Warblynton in the 1360's and continue on to the last hangmen, Robert Leslie Stewart and Harry Allen, who conducted the last British executions in 1964.
Until 1868, hangings were performed in public. In London, the traditional site was at Tyburn, a settlement west of the City on the main road to Oxford, which was used on eight hanging days a year, though before 1865, executions had been conducted on the street outside Newgate Prison, Old Bailey, now the site of the Central Criminal Court.
Three British subjects were hanged after World War II, having been convicted of helping Nazi Germany in its war against Great Britain.
John Amery, the son of prominent British politician Leo Amery, became an expatriate in the 1930's, moving to France. He became involved in pre-war fascist politics, remained in what became Vichy France following France's defeat by Germany in 1940, and eventually went to Germany and later the German puppet state in Italy headed by Benito Mussolini.
Captured by Italian partisans at the end of the war and handed over to British authorities, Amery was accused of having made propaganda broadcasts for the Nazis, and of having attempted to recruit British prisoners of war for a Waffen SS regiment later known as the British Free Corps.
Amery pleaded guilty to treason charges on the 28th. November 1945, and was hanged at Wandsworth Prison on the 19th. December 1945.
William Joyce, an American-born Irishman who had lived in Great Britain and possessed a British passport, had been involved in pre-war fascist politics in the UK, fled to Nazi Germany just before the war and became a naturalised German citizen.
Joyce made propaganda broadcasts for the Nazis, becoming infamous under the nickname Lord Haw Haw. Captured by British forces in May 1945, he was tried for treason later that year. Although Joyce's defence argued that he was by birth American, and thus not subject to being tried for treason, the prosecution successfully argued that Joyce's pre-war British passport meant that he was a subject of the British Crown, and he was convicted.
After his appeals failed, he was hanged at Wandsworth Prison on the 3rd. January 1946.
Theodore Schurch was a British soldier captured by the Nazis who then began working for the Italian and German intelligence services by acting as a spy and informer when he was placed among other British prisoners. Schurch was arrested in Rome in March 1945 and tried under the Treachery Act 1940. After his conviction, he was hanged at HM Prison Pentonville on the 4th. January 1946.
The Homicide Act 1957 created the new offence of capital murder, punishable by death, with all other murders being punishable by life imprisonment.
In 1965, Parliament passed the Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act, temporarily abolishing capital punishment for murder for five years. The Act was renewed in 1969, making the abolition permanent.
Following the complete abolition of the death penalty, the gallows were removed from Wandsworth Prison, where they remained in full working order until that year.
The last woman to be hanged in the UK was Ruth Ellis on the 13th. July 1955, by Albert Pierrepoint who was a prominent hangman in the 20th. century in England.
The last hanging in Great Britain took place in 1964, when Peter Anthony Allen, at Walton Prison in Liverpool, and Gwynne Owen Evans, at Strangeways Prison in Manchester were executed for the murder of John Alan West.
Hanging was also the method used in many British colonies and overseas territories. During Queen Elizabeth I's reign, the following was written concerning those who stole a ship from the Royal Navy:
"If anye one practysed to steale awaye anye of
her Majesty's shippes, the captaine was to cause
him to be hanged by the heels untill his braines
were beaten out against the shippe's sides, and
then to be cutt down and lett fall intoe the sea."
-- The United States
The hangman's noose was one of the various punishments the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony applied to enforce religious and intellectual conformity on the whole community. The best known hanging carried out by the Puritans was of Mary Dyer; she was one of the four executed Quakers known as the Boston martyrs.
Capital punishment in the U.S. varies from state to state; it is outlawed in some states but used in most others. However, the death penalty under federal law is applicable in every state. Hanging is no longer used as a method of execution.
When Black pastor Denmark Vesey of the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church was suspected of plotting to launch a slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822, 35 people, including Vesey, were judged guilty by a city-appointed court and were subsequently hanged, and the church was burned down.
The largest mass execution in the United States, of 38 Sioux Indians sentenced to death after being charged of massacring white settlers, was carried out by hanging in Mankato, Minnesota in 1862.
Originally, 303 had been sentenced to hang, but the convictions were reviewed by President Abraham Lincoln and the sentences of all but 38 were commuted.
A total of 40 suspected Unionists were hanged in Gainesville, Texas in October 1862.
On the 7th. July 1865, four people involved in the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln—Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt—were hanged at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C.
Hanging was a popular method of lynching, for example the 1920 Duluth, Minnesota lynchings. The hangings became public spectacles for the white community to celebrate what they regarded as white supremacy.
While rope was most commonly used for hanging, chains had also been used (mainly during the colonial era), the first being a slave after the New York Slave Revolt of 1712. The last hanging in chains was in 1913, of John Marshall in West Virginia for murder.
The last public hanging in the United States (not including lynching, one of the last of which was Michael Donald in 1981) took place on the 14th. August 1936, in Owensboro, Kentucky.
Rainey Bethea was executed for the rape and murder of 70-year-old Lischa Edwards. The execution was presided over by the first female sheriff in Kentucky, Florence Shoemaker Thompson.
In California, Clinton Duffy, who served as warden of San Quentin State Prison between 1940 and 1952, presided over ninety executions. He began to oppose the death penalty, and after his retirement, wrote a memoir entitled 'Eighty-Eight Men and Two Women' in support of the movement to abolish the death penalty.
The book documents several hangings gone wrong, and describes how they led his predecessor, Warden James B. Holohan, to persuade the California Legislature to replace hanging with the gas chamber in 1937.
Various methods of capital punishment have been replaced by lethal injection in most states. Many states that offered hanging as an option have since eliminated the method.
Condemned murderer Victor Feguer became the last inmate to be executed by hanging in the state of Iowa on the 15th. March 1963. Hanging was the preferred method of execution for capital murder cases in Iowa until 1965, when the death penalty was abolished and replaced with life imprisonment without parole.
Barton Kay Kirkham was the last person to be hanged in Utah, preferring it over execution by firing squad. No subsequent inmate in Utah had been hanged by the time the option was replaced with lethal injection in 1980.
Laws in Delaware were changed in 1986 to specify lethal injection, except for those convicted before 1986 (who were still allowed to choose hanging). If a choice was not made, or the convict refused to choose injection, then hanging would become the default method. This was the case in the 1996 execution of Billy Bailey, the most recent hanging in American history; since then, no Delaware prisoner fit the category, and the state's gallows were later dismantled.
The "Upright Jerker" is a method of hanging that originated in the United States in the late 19th. century, where the person to be hanged is jerked into the air by weights and pulleys. However it proved to be ineffective at breaking the neck of the condemned, and use of the method ceased in late 1930's.
British edition of Edgar Rice Burroughs - Thuvia, maid of Mars published by Mark Goulden Ltd, London published in june 1953.
See also my group: twincover