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Prompt 4 of #mabinspiredmini - The Doll Collector - Lucy Limeade was at Mab's show for sale and she just had to come home with me :D
"Art is the only way to run away without leaving home" -- Twyla Tharp
Loving these pages.
Made for Dawn Sokol's Art Journal Stimulus Project. (www.dblogala.com/)
Prompt: A watercolor of a common merganser duck in flight, captured mid-flight with its wings spread wide. The duck has a distinctive orange-red bill and a mix of gray and white plumage. The water below reflects the duck's image, creating a mirrored effect. The background is a serene body of water with ripples and a blurred reflection of the surroundings. The lighting is natural and soft, highlighting the duck's features and the tranquil setting. The overall mood is peaceful and natural, showcasing the beauty of wildlife in its habitat. --ar 5:4 --v 6.1
Digital fine art created using Midjourney AI v 6.1 and Photoshop
Prompt: wide angle shot, Painting of a young woman standing next to a vintage blue biplane, wearing vintage aviator attire, short leather flight coat, long leather pants, brown boots, and leather helmet and aviator goggles on her head. One hand in her coat pocket. The background is a blurred, sepia-toned landscape with a hazy, dreamy quality. The lighting is soft and warm, creating a nostalgic and romantic atmosphere. The plane is detailed and well-painted.
Digital fine art was created using Bing AI Image Creator and Photoshop
Prompted by the bounty of genomic data and the latest technologies for data generation, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has issued a new Genomic Data Sharing (GDS) policy that safeguards research participants and facilitates biomedical discovery. The new policy, issued on August 27, 2014, is aimed at maximizing the public benefit of federally-funded research.
Credit: Darryl Leja, NHGRI.
Today's prompt was perfect for this enlarged photo my daughter took from the plane back in the summer of 2017 (I seem to be stuck in 2017 ... hmmm) We were on our way to Britain to visit my family and show our girls their British heritage. Talk about an epic adventure!!
Tucked in with this photo were the two die cuts that were my finishers prize from LOAD218. Perfecter, and perfecter! And yes, that's a word!! LOL!
And there's even a video ready to view. You can see this layout come together here: youtu.be/WDTM9pZ__U0
Artwork created by Midjourney from a sequence of text.
Unexpected results using the Latin name (Desmodus rotundus) for the common vampire bat. rotundus is round in Latin so that probably explains the circular results.
Prompt: create a digital fine art retro vintage little boy in a cowboy outfit holding a West Highland White Terrier, vintage illustration walter lantz-inspired and dana carman-inspired, vertical aspect ratio, full camera view, white background, high-detail, no logo, no watermarks, no text,
This digital fine art was created using Google Flow AI and Photoshop
Finally some Fashion stuff!
Strobist:
x1600 camera right in octobox as key
x1600 camera left behind model for highlights
Zues Ringmaster for Fill
The Prompt was: At a party at The End of Time a large bucket of mints sets on a round black wooden table, droll gentleman, space nurses and tricksters look at the bucket full of mints and don't know what to do.
Prompt: Create a highly detailed watercolor illustration of a light brown Cairn Terrier and a Cairn Terrier puppy in a close-up portrait. The dog's heads are slightly tilted to the side, with soft, expressive eyes. The fur is slightly tousled, and textured with delicate brush strokes, showing subtle shadows in cool gray and pale blue tones. The overall expression is curious, gentle, and endearing.
Use a loose yet refined watercolor style with visible brush textures and soft pigment diffusion. Keep the background minimal and light cream, with subtle watercolor bleeds to maintain focus on the dog’s face. The lighting should be soft and natural, enhancing depth and fur texture without harsh shadows. The composition should feel warm, charming, square aspect ratio
Prompt: Close-up, A serene pastoral scene in the artistic style of Gerrit Dou, oil art, high resolution, detailed textures, lighting from a window illuminating a rustic interior of an old rustic barn with wooden beams, two black and white cows, old man with a beard and hat, traditional clothing, a lantern hanging from a beam, a wooden milk pail, soft shadows, high contrast, earthy tones, peaceful ambiance, nostalgic vintage feel, circa 1700s, --ar 1:1 --sref s.mj.run/jlykWSc2pKw --sw 15 --v 6.1
digital fine art created using Midjourney AI v 6.1
Prompt: A 3D Disney Pixar, of a white westie in a firefighter attire with helmet, standing on a ladder, holding a fire hose and spraying water from the hose into the window of a house that is on fire. The house has a brown tiled roof and a wooden exterior. The background a window with smoke coming out and a small fire. view is from behind, Disney style cartoon
Digital fine art Created using Bing AI Image Creator
Prompted by Angela's lunch with a view photo..... no lunch though... must have eaten befoe we started!
Prompt: 3 hibiscus flowers, 2 butterflies, tropical foliage, white background, grey scale, pencil art, white background, realistic::3 --ar 8:11 --v 6.0
The prompt for Day 10 was to use a 3 dimensional element on your page. Easy Peasy Lemon Squeezy. You can't really tell it in this photo, but the background paper is bumpy, it actually feels like the pigskin of a football. So, that's my 3D element. I guess I could have added some flowers. But, eh, flowers and football? Notsomuch.
Journaling Reads:
Liam, you’re not the biggest player on the field. You’re not the fastest. You don’t have the strongest arm or the longest punt. But, there’s a whole lot of drive and determination wrapped up in your little #24 uniform. You hit harder than many of the big guys and you aren’t afraid to go after kids twice your size. You, by far, have the biggest football heart out there and as a first string defensive corner back, you are indeed a valuable asset to the team, as evidenced by this play…your first ever interception during a game. I couldn’t be more proud of your motivation and good sportsmanship.
Quote in the corner Reads:
“Your talent determines what you can do. Your motivation determines how much you are willing to do. Your attitude determines how well you do it.” ―Lou Holtz
All the way from North Wales to see Liverpool lose to Brighton this afternoon, 29th January, 2023. Prompt Travel Mercedes Benz Sprinter P700 MPT was originally registered KP56 TGN.
Prompt: Christmas card design, Christmas-themed with snow and cold weather in the background, a beautiful watercolor illustration of a White West Highland Terrier, ears up, wearing a sweater and hat, sitting on snowy ground near a tree, with the text Beautiful artistic font "Merry Christmas" at the top, a small house in the distance, and a little bird next to the Westie. The illustration is very detailed. --ar 91:122 --personalize enwatok --v 6.1
Prompt: Painting of an old woman sitting on a chair by a table, embroidering a large and decorated tablecloth, wooden floor, in the style of Clara Peeters --ar 5:4 --personalize m3lgrn9
The cover of my book.
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5.Desire
As an initial disclaimer for this piece, the heart that I used is an animal heart that I got from a biological classroom supply company. It was part of some sort of a classroom dissection kit, and I wanted to use it to really communicate this concept effectively.
For this prompt I not only defined desire, but also illustrated the ramifications of desire. In actuality desire has a very open definition, and when looking through the definitions given for desire in the dictionary, I felt that they were so rigid that they were almost untrue. Desire really has no rigid definition, it's not entirely a verb or a noun, nor is it purely an emotion or an object. Desire is so complex that it cannot be labeled in one way. So for this prompt I have created a book with photos to illustrate a less rigid, yet still defined definition of the basic similarities of most examples of desire, and the ramifications of desire. I chose to specifically concentrate more on the emotional aspects of desire, viewed in a slightly humanized way. My book is designed to also illustrate the ramifications of each aspect of desire, while the poem defines it. I also chose to make the cover text reflective and almost reminiscent of a mirror to depict how personal definitions of desire reflect upon the individual.
Specifically the first page is intended to illustrate how desire will consume you, and the very serious results of this. I felt the heart was fitting because in both a very trite and a more serious symbology, it depicts giving up your life, which is the emotional aftermath of when desire consumes and creates "reaping feelings" as I said. I felt this part of my definition had the most serious ramifications, so therefore the photo used to illustrate it needed to be equally serious to depict and communicate this accurately. The second page is intended to depict how desire leaves us with humanized ideas of actuality, and the conclusion of this is that we are left somewhat isolated with a distorted vision of events. The third page is intended to follow this same concept in that desire makes us break apart our visions of events to create objective pasts. It is actually proven by many scientific experiments that our memory is mostly made up of small series that we continue to tell ourselves, and I feel that desire is a factor that changes how we choose to remember things. The result of this is a distorted view of the past, which can constantly change us. The fourth page is intended to depict how desire is really just a series of lies that we create, which will leave aspects of our lives empty. This creates an empty and isolated life, which is depicted by the symbolism of blood for life, used in a scene that represents isolation. I also feel that it depicts the rituals that a vapid lifestyle creates. For my last page I wanted to define what desire is confined by, which is the "cage" humanity lives in. This metaphorical cage is defined by both social aspects and mortality, which are essentially most of what also creates and confines desire. This creates the reality that whether we embrace or resent desire we are all bound by the same fragility. So to depict this I wanted to illustrate it somewhat literally, while also alluding back to my concept on the first page.
I did this for Me Again Monday where the prompt is, "Give a girl the right shoes, and she can conquer the world." - Marilyn Monroe. Well, I am not a girl. I have four pairs of shoes: the ones for the working, the ones for long hikes, the casual runners, and the dress shoes that I wear with my suits. I also have three pairs of boots: rubber for fishing/camping and rainy days, short for when the snow isn't very deep, and the skidoo for the extreme cold or snow shoeing off trail.
Anyway, I interpreted the MAM theme in this way. I put on some work shoes and grabbed a broom because some days, like this one, I felt like the custodian who is called in to clean up after others.
I am hanging up my broom now though and I am cracking a nice warm Guinness. It is time to relax!
HMAM
Also making this day 54:365
ODC - RELAX
94:112 I don't like Monday's like the one I had today.
PROMPT:
Create an image with the entire scene engulfed in intense vertical motion blur, focusing on a long staircase. Position a young woman dancing ballet in a luscious purple outfit approximately one-third of the way up the staircase. She should be captured in a dynamic and elegant ballet pose. Her figure and outfit should be ultra-sharp against the blurred background. Please ensure her face is well-defined, realistically depicted, and resembles a young woman's face, with clear, human-like features that convey the grace and beauty of a ballet dancer.
Prompt: a small baby elephant inside a Victorian teacup intricately designed, elephant is holding the edge of the teacup, teacup has some 3D elements and minimal vines, minimal bright colors, light background, human hand holding teacup, a micro shot to capture details, --ar 4:5 --personalize fwvfe5j --v 6.1
DALL-E 2024 prompt:
The scene is set in a 16:9 widescreen format, within an atelier in an old, worn-down building. A white robot painter is in the center of the room, actively painting one of the younger models on a canvas. The models are standing along the right wall, both with long, messy black hair and worn clothes. This widescreen image captures both the models in the background and the white robot painter in the foreground, emphasizing the contrast between the rustic human element and the sleek mechanical nature of the robot. Atmospheric lighting highlights the textures of the old building and the subjects.
Caves Blancher - Sant Sadurní d'Anoia, Alt Penedès, Barcelona (Spain).
ENGLISH
After harvesting, the grape varieties arrive at the winery in strict order of ripening. A must sample per hopper is submitted for thorough examination. This procedure allows for correction of any departure from the requisite high quality. The bunches undergo destemming, which consists of separating the stalks from the berries so as not to produce wines that are either too tart or excessively woody.
Pneumatic presses crush the grapes very gently; continuous prompt pressing limits the oxidation of the must. It is vital to keep the time between harvesting and pressing to a minimum. This one (the photo) is an old press in the museum of the cellar.
Cava is the name of a type of white or pink sparkling wine, produced mainly in the Penedès region in Catalonia, Spain, 40 km to the south west of Barcelona. Its name is derived from the Catalan word for cellar. There are a small number of areas in Spain outside Catalonia that also produce Cava.
The region of Penedès is an area of predominantly rocky terrain, and has been home to vineyards since the Greeks settled there in antiquity. It has a favourable climate for wine-making; the north and eastern winds of the levanter help to cool the region, while the chalky top soil over clay allows the vines to establish deep roots.
The sparkling wine of cava was created in 1872 by Josep Raventós. The vineyards of Penedès were devastated by the phylloxera plague, and the predominantly red vines were being replaced by large numbers of vines producing white grapes. After seeing the success of the Champagne region, Raventós decided to create the dry sparkling wine that has become the reason for the region's continued success. In the past the wine was referred to as Spanish Champagne but this is no longer permitted under EU law, or colloquially as champaña or xampany.
Cava is produced in varying levels of dryness of the wine which are: brut nature, brut (extra dry), seco (dry) and semiseco (medium).
Under Spanish Denominación de Origen laws, Cava can be produced in six wine regions and must be made according to the Méthode champenoise and uses a selection of the grapes macabeo, parellada, xarel·lo, Chardonnay, and Subirat. Despite being a traditional Champagne grape, Chardonnay was not used in the production of Cava till the 1980s.
In Spain, Cavas have become integrated with family traditions and is often consumed at baptism celebrations with even the newborn getting a taste of their pacifier dipped in the wine.
Cava is a Greek term that is used to refer to "high end" table wine or wine cellar. Comes from the Latin word "CAVA" which means cave in English. Caves were used for the preservation or aging of wine. The constant, slightly chilly temperature and high humidity that most caves possess makes them ideal for such use.
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CASTELLANO
Tras la vendimia, las variedades de uva llegan, por estricto orden de maduración, a la bodega. Una muestra de mosto por tolva se somete a un minucioso control. Este seguimiento permite corregir desviaciones respecto a la calidad óptima buscada. Los racimos se someten a un doble proceso de desgranado y despalillado, consistente en separar los raspones del grano de la uva para no producir vinos de elevada aspereza y/o excesivamente herbáceos.
Prensas neumáticas estrujan la uva muy suavemente y con el máximo rendimiento, evitando los prensados irregulares. Funcionan en ciclo continuo y su instantaneidad permite reducir la oxidación de los mostos. Es imprescindible reducir al máximo el tiempo que transcurre entre la recolección de la uva y su prensado. Ésta (la de la foto) es una prensa antigua en el museo de la cava.
El cava es un vino espumoso elaborado por el método champanoise fundamentalmente en la región del Penedés catalán (95% de la producción española), especialmente en la localidad de Sant Sadurní d'Anoia (75% de la producción española). También se elabora cava en otros puntos de España.
El cava se empezó a producir a partir de las investigaciones del Instituto Agrícola Catalán de Sant Isidre que defendió el méthode champenoise pero a partir de las variedades blancas autóctonas del Penedès. Josep Raventós i Fatjó produjo, en 1872, las primeras botellas de cava en la masía de can Codorniu, en Sant Sadurní d'Anoia.
En 1887 llegó la plaga de la filoxera al Penedès arruinando los cultivos de uva. Eso condujo a una renovación de las variedades utilizadas, con la introducción de cepas blancas de calidad en sustitución de variedades negras. Esta sustitución facilitó el desarrollo del cava.
En 1972, ante el conflicto con Francia por la denominación protegida champán, se constituyó el Consell Regulador dels Vins Escumosos que lanzó la marca Cava recogiendo el nombre común ya utilizado de vino de cava.
Las variedades de uva que entran en su elaboración son variadas pero predominan las uvas blancas: macabeo, parellada y xarel·lo. También se utilizan otras variedades blancas en menor cuantía: Chardonnay y Subirat Parent (Malvasía Riojana).
Existen cavas rosados que se elaboran con las variedades monastrell, garnacha, pinot noir y trepat. Las dos primeras variedades se pueden utilizar, además, para la elaboración de Cava blanco.
La producción anual es de unos 12 millones de cajas (de 12 botellas), siendo el segundo productor mundial de vino espumoso, después de la región de Champagne. Aunque la mayor parte de la producción procede de Cataluña, también hay bodegas productoras de cava en Aragón, Castilla y León, Extremadura, La Rioja, País Vasco, Navarra y Valencia.
Prompt: In the artistic style of Arthur Claude Strachan, view from behind of a couple with their White Westie puppy, ears up, walking on a path along a beautiful riverside in England, circa 1700s, realistic, 8k, --ar 1:1 --sref s.mj.run/M8HGn85mYFo --sw 20 --v 6.1
digital fine art created using Midjourney AI v 6.1
Prompt: Watercolor painting of a Chipmunk in soft lighting, standing on dry leaves, surrounded by dry leaves and some daisies. The chipmunk is holding an acorn, cheeks full of food, Pale fogged background. Hyper realism
this digital fine art was created using Bing AI Image Creator and Photoshop CC
Ardana (Greek: Άρδανα, Turkish: Ardahan) is a village in Cyprus, located 9 km north of Trikomo. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.
A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.
Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.
Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.
Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.
The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.
Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.
Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.
By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.
EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.
However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.
On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.
In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.
By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.
In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.
The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.
After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".
As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.
Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.
The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.
Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.
The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.
Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.
Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria
An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."
In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.
Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.
In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.
Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.
Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.
Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:
UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.
The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.
By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."
After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.
On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.
The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.
During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.
In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.
Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.
A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.
These are the words I'll be using for my February photos.
There's a doll a day group, please feel free to join, even if you're only starting this month :D
Prompt
A surreal digital artwork depicting two contrasting figures separated by a brick wall in an interior room with dark, rustic brick walls. The left figure is a woman with long, flowing hair that appears wet or made of water, wearing a form-fitting dress that becomes a cascading train on the wooden floor. Her skin is a striking icy blue, and she has a calm expression as she touches the wall with both hands. The right figure is a man engulfed in intense flames, with his body and hair completely consumed by fire. His muscular form is visible through the flames, which create dynamic, swirling patterns around him. Both figures are leaning against the wall, their faces nearly touching, creating a sense of connection despite their opposing natures. The brick wall serves as a divider, splitting the composition into two halves with distinct lighting and color schemes. The left side features cooler tones with dim lighting, while the right side has warmer, fiery hues with bright illumination. The background includes a bed with a wooden frame and muted bedding on the left, and a nightstand with a lamp next to it. On the right, there's a bookshelf filled with books and decorative items, including a tall candle. The scene is set on a dark wooden floor with visible planks, adding texture to the setting. The overall mood is mysterious and dramatic, enhanced by high contrast between the cold and hot elements, rich saturation, and warm hues dominating the right side. The cool blue tones of the water-like figure contrast sharply with the warm amber orange of the flame-like figure, creating a visually striking and emotionally charged composition that emphasizes balance between fire and water.