View allAll Photos Tagged Problems
I'm totally excited!! she stands pretty well! and can sit too, but need to fix some minor problems and make her knees to look pretty when she is sitting down.
Sorry for the messy picture x3
Problem Solving Using the Why Tree by xtremelean.us
* This presentation is on problem solving using the why tree and is designed to teach a standardized approach for your people at all levels of the organization. Good problem solving skills within your company will cause your business to thrive while making everyone's life easier in the process.
* While problem solving does not have to be difficult, there are many that like to make it sound that way.
* People are not born as natural problem solvers and you don't need a college degree to learn to be a good problem solver either.
* Good problem solving skills can be taught and that is what I am going to do. My goal is to teach you a simple standardized approach that can be used in your business or personal life. You can also use this training video to teach others at your business. When completed, you will fully understand and be ready to use the concepts taught here.
* When we become good at problem solving, we start eliminating the problems that cause our head to spin once and for all. Our life becomes much easier and we suddenly have more time and less frustration. You are probably watching this video because that is exactly the direction you want to go in your life.
* Let's first discuss what a problem is or is not.
* A problem is the difference between actual conditions and the desired conditions and you don't know how to solve it.
* Let's put this in simpler terms.
* Let's change desired condition with "Want" and change actual condition with "Have"
* So the difference between what we have and what we want is the problem.
* And it's only a problem if you don't already know what the solution is.
* Let me give you a simple illustration of what a problem is. Barney here wants a female companion, but he does not have one, and he doesn't know exactly what to do about it. That is Barneys problem. That seems pretty straightforward doesn't it?
* The biggest type of problem people face is when something suddenly goes wrong.
* Captain Jack here is flying 300 passengers across the continent when all of a sudden, the plane starts to go down.
* In this case, the pilot WANTS to have full control of the plane again.
* But what he has is a plane that is going down and he doesn't know what happened or what to do about it.
* Does the pilot have a problem? 100% affirmative.
* Everyone has problems in their life at one time or another, so we all have the responsibility and opportunity to solve problems many times in our lives. It is absolutely best when we solve a problem so it never ever returns again. When you solve problems this way, your life becomes easier.
* When it comes to problem solving, some people just start shooting from the hip. This can be a very costly, time consuming, and frustrating approach. Preferable to this would be to take some aim at our target. After all, if we take the time to aim carefully at our target we increase the chance of hitting the bulls eye.
* Let's use a hypothetical problem that everyone can relate to. You arrived to work late.
* By the way, always clearly define the problem in as few words as possible, while also making sure everyone can understand what the problem is.
* And the reason we arrived to work late is because our car would not start.
* Many people put a lot of emphasis on root cause analysis, which is finding out what exactly what caused the car not to start.
* This is a fish bone diagram which is another tool that can be used for determining the root cause of a problem.
* And while sometimes finding the root cause is important, finding the best solution that will prevent the problem from reoccurring is THE most important objective.
* In this case, let's say you were at the end of your ropes with this piece of junk anyway and had decided you were going to buy a new car.
* Do you really care what exactly caused your old car not to start? Not really.
* Will the new car be a proper solution to your problem and get you to work reliably for many years to come? Absolutely
* My point is, solutions are more important than causes and in my opinion, outweigh them greatly.
* All right, let's do a reality check. You have a crap car, you were late to work because it would not start, and you have no money to buy a new car.
* You now need to know what caused your car not to start so you will not be able to fix it.
* The Why Tree method is the focus of this presentation, but it relies on knowing the 5-Why root cause analysis method. The 5-Why method for determining root cause is one of the simplest methods to learn and to complete. You start with a clear problem statement, then ask why the problem happened and write the answer down. If that answer did not identify the root cause, continue asking why until it does.
* Let's go through an example.
* For example our problem is we woke up late.
* We would then ask "why did we wake up late?"
* The alarm did not go off.
* "why did the alarm not go off?"
* Because the time reset on the alarm clock?
* Why did the time reset on the alarm clock?
* Because the power went out.
* Why did the power go out?
* Because of the severe thunderstorms.
* Why were there severe thunderstorms?
* We don't know.
* Notice that solutions are out of our control when the power went out? We do not have control over the power or the weather. So the line of questioning should stop when we do not have any control over the cause.
* One of the problems with the 5-Why root cause analysis is it only allows for one line of questioning. Based on the answers you give, you can get off the trail to solutions very quickly.
* Let's back up and change the answer to "why did the time reset on the clock?" to:
* Because the clock lost power
* Then why did the clock lose power?
* Because the alarm clock did not have the backup battery installed.
* Why was the backup battery not installed?
* Because we did not have one at the time.
* Take notice that the answers you give will dramatically change the outcome. You must also ensure the answers are accurate or once again you will be on a wild goose chase.
* We now have a root cause that we have control over and an easy solution to the problem. Having a backup battery installed in the alarm clock allows it to continue working in the event of a power outage. This solution is very simple and effective with a very low cost. It is easy to implement and has no negative consequences.
* While you now have a good solution to this problem, let's not forget that batteries do not last forever. You will need to check the batteries in the alarm clock on a regular basis if your want to eliminate this particular problem forever.
* Even though this approach is called 5-Why, 5 is just a rule of thumb for the number of times to ask why. It could be more or less though depending on the problem. When you no longer know the answer to the question that is a good place to stop. Speculation will rarely serve you well.
* While the 5-Why root cause analysis is a good and simple tool, I find the Why Tree diagram is a much better tool for brainstorming multiple possible causes of the problem. Discovering multiple causes of the problem allows you to develop multiple potential solutions to the problem. You would use the same 5-why approach but the tree diagram allows you to list multiple potential causes to each why. There is no limit to the size or shape of your Why Tree. Let me share an example of using the Why Tree.
* Let's use a real life problem I experienced recently. We put in a new lawn at our house and it wasn't very long before I noticed the grass was dying is some areas. I was upset and wanted to know why and the solution to the problem.
* It did not take long to put two and two together. The dog peeing on the lawn was causing it to die. The reason I want to share this example with you is to show you there are almost always several solutions to any given problem.
* While you may have multiple solutions for any given problem, and even though all of the solutions may solve the problem, there are costs or consequences to consider. Your job in good problem solving is to come up with:
A: The simplest
B: Most effective solution
C: At the lowest cost
D: That is the easiest to implement
E: With no negative consequences.
* The description of my problem is very simple "my grass is dying in small sections". So the 1st question why is the grass dying? Because the dog is peeing on the grass, why is the dog peeing on the grass? Because he is not trained to go elsewhere.
* I must confess, when I first saw that the dog peeing on the grass was causing it to die, I jumped to my first solution and that was a well planned hunting accident where the dog had more to worry about than the bird.
* But that solution would end up in divorce court. Although this solution would be simple, 100% effective, relatively low cost, and easy to implement, the consequences of this solution would make it a very poor choice.
* Then I thought how can I train the dog to stay off the nice new lawn?
* Someone suggested setting up an electric fence and I thought that would be a perfect solution. So off to the pet store I went only to discover these fences aren't cheap. Although this solution would be very effective and there were no negative consequences I could foresee, the cost was high and not simple to install or implement. Still the best solution I have found up to this point.
* I realized I needed to dig deeper to find more causes and therefore more solutions so I asked myself again, "why is the grass dying?"
* Because of the dog pee. I don't have any control over the natural functions of the dog so there is no solution there.
* Why is the dog pee causing the grass to die?
* I had to do some research on the internet, but quickly found my answer. Because dog pee has high levels of Nitrogen.
* Why are there high levels of Nitrogen in the dog pee?
* I also found the answers on the internet that it could be related to their diet
* Or they are not drinking enough water.
* I investigated changing the diet for my dog and found that over the lifetime of the dog, you will probably spend more than the electric fence. I also found out there are health risks for the dog with this diet. I found this solution to be simple, but the effectiveness in my mind was questionable. The cost was again high and the negative consequences of the health of the dog were not exciting. Bordering again on the divorce court thing.
* The dog not drinking enough water was another cause looking for a solution.
* I also thought I could probably teach my dog to read before I could get her to drink more water. So while this solution may be effective at a low cost with no negative consequences, I did not feel this would be simple or easy to implement at all.
* We might not be able to get the dog to drink more water which would dilute the Nitrogen, but maybe we can dilute the Nitrogen another way. What if we adjusted the sprinklers to come on more frequently in the area the dog goes potty? Here is an extremely simple and easy to implement solution that should be totally effective with no cost or negative consequences. Guess what solution I chose to solve my problem?
* There is a simple way to cross check the solution you have chosen. Just read your Why Tree in reverse order and substitute the question why with the word because. Let's try this.
* We are going to adjust the sprinklers to come on more frequently because we need to dilute the high levels of Nitrogen because of the dog pee, because the dog pee is killing the grass. Make sure when you do the cross check that your solution makes sense all the way down the line.
* Root cause analysis is definitely a team effort. After all, two heads are better than one. Choose your team members wisely and keep the team size to a manageable group however.
* Don't worry about the repeatability of this problem solving process. In my mind, problem solving is a very creative process.
* If you give the same problem to three different teams, depending on the creativity of each team, you will most likely end up with three different solutions to the problem. This is absolutely normal. Just be creative and focus on the best solution to the problem you face and implement it.
* If this process does not give you a solution that is clearly correct, you may need to use a different problem solving tool.
* In the future, I will be posting videos on all of the problem solving tools including, Pareto charts, flow charts, fishbone diagrams, brainstorming tools, mind maps, failure mode and effects analysis, and TRIZ. So stay tuned.
This is the end of the presentation, but the beginning of your journey towards realizing the benefits of good problem solving at your own company. We have many years experience in the tools of Six Sigma with problem solving skills at the forefront. Let us know how we can help you.
If you need help in training or implementing problem solving, visit us at www.xtremelean.us
With the exhaust shrouding the chimney, Riddles '9F' 2-10-0 no.92212 passes Woodthorpe with the 15:15 Leicester North-Loughborough train. This was timetabled for the 'Fowler 'Jinty' 0-6-0 no.47406 & Maunsell 'King Arthur' 4-6-0 no.777 'Sir Lamiel' . There would appear to have been a problem with 'Sir Lamiel’, as she was getting a ride at the rear of the train.
everything's blue
in this world
the deepest shade of mushroom blue
all fuzzy
spilling out of my head
-NIN
New #YVR mayor seeks to solve city problems investing in police, which NEVER solves social or 💰 issues
Vancouver must instead compassionately invest in people, housing, #BasicIncome & #MentalHealth
Existing over-investment in Vancouver policing merely criminalizes more citizens ...leaving no positive effects on social ills nor crime levels.
Drug dealing exists openly; my daughter & I were offered all drug types as we walked the #DTES
________ ________ ________ ________
"The Downtown Eastside (DTES) is one of Vancouver's oldest neighbourhoods, and the historic heart of the city.
The DTES has many assets, especially for its low-income residents... the Downtown Eastside has struggled with many complex challenges including drug use, crime, homelessness, housing issues, unemployment, and loss of businesses in the community." (City of Vancouver)
"Around the beginning of the 20th century, the DTES was the political, cultural and retail centre of Vancouver. Over several decades, the city centre gradually shifted westwards and the DTES became a poor,[1] although relatively stable, neighbourhood. In the 1980s, the area began a rapid decline due to several factors including an influx of hard drugs, policies that pushed sex work and drug-related activity out of nearby areas, and the cessation of federal funding for social housing. By 1997, an epidemic of HIV infection and drug overdoses in the DTES led to the declaration of a public health emergency. As of 2018, critical issues include opioid overdoses, especially those involving the drug fentanyl; decrepit and squalid housing; a shortage of low-cost rental housing; and mental illness, which often co-occurs with addiction."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown_Eastside
Founded in 1978, the Downtown Eastside Women’s Centre is one of the few safe spaces within the Downtown Eastside exclusively for self-identified women and their children. High levels of violence, homelessness, addictions and poverty characterize the Downtown Eastside community. Women and children are particularly vulnerable to exploitation, injustice and injury." dewc.ca/about
This quilt was made entirely from my 'too hard to sort' bucket. All my multi coloured, big prints scraps thrown together. www.tickleandhide.com/2013/06/fabric-fast-experiment-1-pr...
When it's high tide, the storm sewers often back up into the streets. Hello, global warming and rising oceans. Miami is the Number 1 city in the world at risk from climate change. (www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2012-07-06/top-20-cities-with...)
One evening Melissa and I wanted to shop at Whole Foods and we had to walk blocks out of our way to find a relatively un-inundated route. By the time I returned with my camera, the water had receded quite a bit, but here are some links to other pictures and a video to show you the depth (pun intended) of the problem.:
www.miaminewtimes.com/slideshow/scenes-from-south-beach-f...
www.nbcmiami.com/news/High-Tide-Causes-Street-Flooding-in...
Maybe the problem wasn't worded correctly? Maybe my Sprite is just too creative for math tests?
This is from a Math Mammoth placement test.
I apologize to all my offroad buddies for such a lame poser shot. I should have flexed it out for the camera.
experimentations reflecting on how to creatively expand my primary research, using different medias. PVA, stitching, burning and monoprints.
.… (avenue Etnea, on the evening of february 5, before the arrival of the float of St. Agatha, devotees carry a candlemas) ....
…. (via Etnea, la sera del 5 febbraio, prima dell'arrivo della vara di Sant'Agata, devoti portano una candelora) ....
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Fear of the unknown, the fear of losing own physical or mental health, or worse, having already lost it, possible problems with work (if a work has it), old age advancing, awareness of the existence of a Higher Being, are just some of the reasons that push people to search for a contact with the Divine, with the supernatural, leading them to plead for help, but this is not enough to completely explain the close link fact of absolute devotion and enormous affection that the people of Catania (province) have towards their young martyr Agatha; an entire city partecipate in these days to ceremony and procession, one can not help but ask this question, what binds in such a profound and peculiar citizens to their Patron Saint Agata? Maybe I was lucky enough to capture photographically what is a partial response: a child at a very early age is brought to the window from her mother while passing the float of St. Agatha, so it's easy to understand... the devotion and attachment to the Martyr starts very young , transmitted by their parents as a treasure to be preserved and grow throughout their lives, which leads you in the days of the feast to a great collective.
This is a short-long report I did this year 2016, in the city of Catania (Sicily) in occasion of the feast of her patron saint Agatha, which took place on the 3, 4 and 5 February (this dates commemorates the martyrdom of the young Saint), and on 17 August too (this date celebrates the return to Catania of her remains, after these had been transferred to Constantinople by the Byzantine general Maniaces as war booty, and there remained for 86 years), when the Sicilian city is dressed up to feast, with a scent of orange blossom and mandarins, and its citizens show that they possess an extraordinary love and bond with the young martyr saint Agatha.
The religious sicilian feast of Saint Agatha is the most important feast of Catania, its inhabitants from five centuries, during the three days of the feast in honor of her "Santuzza" (young Saint), create a unique setting, with celebrations and rituals impressive, which means that this event is regarded as the third religious festival in the world (some say the second ...) after the "Semana Santa" in Seville and the "Corpus Christi" in Cuzco, Peru. Unlike other religious holidays, more sober, to Sant'Agata highlights a vocation exuberant typical of the south Italy, who loves to combine the sacred with the profane.
The cult of the young Santa dates back to the third century, when the teenager Agatha was martyred for refusing the roman proconsul Quintiziano. One year after the death of the young Agatha, on 5 February of the year 252, his virginal veil was carried in procession, and it is said it was able to save Catania from destruction due to a devastating eruption of Mount Etna.
The festivities begin with the procession of Candlemas (this year were in greater number, perhaps 14 instead of the 11 years of the other years); the "Candlemas" are giant Baroque wooden "candlesticks" paintings in gold, each representing an ancient guild (butchers, fishmongers, grocers, greengrocers, etc.), which are brought by eight devotees; the "cannalore" (candlemas) anticipate the arrival of the "float" of Saint Agatha during the procession. Devotees, men and women, wearing a traditional garment similar to a white bag, cinched at the waist by a black rope, gloves and a white handkerchief, and a black velvet cap, and it seems that such clothing evoke nightgown with the qule the Catanese, awakened with a start by the touch of the bells of the Cathedral, welcomed the naval port, in 1126, the relics of the Holy which fell from Constantinople. On float, consisting of a silver chariot sixteenth of thirty tons, which is driven by a double and long line of devotees with the robust and long ropes, takes place the bust of Saint Agatha, completely covered with precious stones and jewels. On February 4, the parade celebrates the so-called "external path" that touches some places of martyrdom in the city of Catania; the next day, the 5 instead the procession along the "aristocrat path", which runs along the main street, Via Etnea, the parlor of Catania. On this day the devotees carry on their shoulders the long candles of varying thickness, there are some not very big, others are fairly heavy, but some skim exceptional weights.
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La paura dell’ignoto, il timore di perdere la salute fisica o psichica, o peggio, averla già persa, possibili problemi col lavoro (per chi un lavora l’ha) o peggio non averlo dovendo così “inventarsi” la giornata, la vecchiaia che avanza, la consapevolezza dell’esistenza di un Essere Superiore, sono solo alcuni dei motivi che spingono gli uomini a cercare un contatto col Divino, col Sovrannaturale, portandoli ad invocare il Suo aiuto, ma tutto ciò non basta assolutamente a spiegare lo stretto legame fatto di assoluta devozione ed enorme attaccamento che gli abitanti di Catania (e provincia) hanno nei confronti della loro “Santuzza” la giovanissima martire Agata; nel vedere partecipare quella che sembra essere una città intera a questi giorni di rito e processione, non ci si può non porre questa domanda, cosa lega in maniera così profonda e peculiare i cittadini Catanesi alla loro Santa Patrona Agata? Forse ho avuto la fortuna di cogliere fotograficamente quella che è una risposta parziale e certamente non unica alla domanda: un bimbo in tenerissima età viene portato alla finestra dalla sua mamma mentre passa la vara di S.Agata, ecco… la devozione e l’attaccamento alla giovanissima Martire inizia da piccolissimi, trasmessa dai propri genitori (e non solo…) come un tesoro da custodire e coltivare per tutta la vita, che porta che nei giorni della festa ad un fantastico rito collettivo al quale nessun Catanese sembra non possa o non voglia rinunciare.
Questa è un breve e lungo report, da me realizzato nel febbraio di quest’anno 2016, nella città di Catania (Sicilia) in occasione della festa della sua giovane santa patrona Agata, che ha avuto luogo come ogni anno il 3, il 4 ed il 5 di febbraio (questa data commemora il martirio della Santa giovinetta), festa che viene ripetuta anche il 17 agosto (questa data rievoca il ritorno a Catania delle sue spoglie, dopo che queste erano state trasferite a Costantinopoli da parte del generale bizantino Maniace come bottino di guerra, spoglie che ivi rimasero per 86 anni); per questa occasione la città siciliana è vestita a festa con profumi di fiori d'arancio e mandarini, coi suoi cittadini che mostrano di possedere uno straordinario amore e legame con la giovane martire Agata.
Gli abitanti di Catania, oramai da cinque secoli, nei tre giorni della festa in onore della "Santuzza", danno vita ad una scenografia unica, con celebrazioni e riti imponenti, che fanno si che questo evento sia considerato come la terza festa religiosa al mondo (qualcuno dice la seconda ...) dopo la "Semana Santa" di Siviglia ed il "Corpus Domini" a Cuzco, in Perù. A differenza di altre feste religiose, più sobrie, quella di Sant'Agata mette in luce una vocazione esuberante tipica del meridione, che ama unire il sacro col profano.
Il culto della giovane Santa risale al terzo secolo, quando l'adolescente Agata fu martirizzata per aver rifiutato il proconsole romano Quintiziano. Un anno dopo la morte della giovane Agata, avvenuta il 5 febbraio dell'anno 252, il suo velo virginale venne portato in processione, e si narra esso riuscì a salvare Catania dalla sua distruzione a causa di una devastante eruzione del vulcano Etna.
I festeggiamenti iniziano con il corteo delle "candelore", queste sono dei giganteschi e pesanti "candelabri" in legno, in stile barocco, dipinti in oro, ognuna rappresentante una antica corporazione (macellai, pescivendoli, pizzicagnoli, fruttivendoli, ecc.), che vengono portati da otto devoti, le quali "cannalore" durante la processione anticipano l'arrivo della "vara" di Sant'Agata. I devoti, sia donne che uomini, indossano un tipico indumento simile ad un sacco bianco, stretto in vita da una cordicella nera, guanti ed un fazzoletto bianchi, ed infine una papalina di velluto nero, sembra che tale abbigliamento rievochi la camicia da notte con la quale i Catanesi, svegliatisi di soprassalto dal tocco improvviso delle campane del Duomo, accolsero al porto navale, nel 1126, le reliquie della Santa che rientravano da Costantinopoli. Sulla vara, costituita da un carro argentato cinquecentesco di trenta quintali, trainata da una doppia e lunghissima fila di devoti tramite delle robuste e lunghe funi, prende posto il busto di Sant'Agata, completamente ricoperto di pietre preziose e gioielli. Il 4 febbraio, il corteo compie il cosiddetto "giro esterno" che tocca alcuni luoghi del martirio nella città catanese; il giorno dopo, il 5, il corteo percorre il "giro aristocratico", che percorre la strada principale, la via Etnea, salotto buono di Catania. In questo giorno i devoti portano in spalla dei lunghi ceri di vario spessore, ce ne sono alcuni non molto grossi, altri sono discretamente pesanti, ma alcuni sfiorano pesi eccezionali.
...
OK, here's the real deal ---
I'm going to walk you all through this.
If ya want to take notes, now's the time to gather
up some old scrap paper and find a no# 2 pencil.
This of course takes place in the mud cobra field.
Currently, the mud is concrete hard, maybe even
way harder than that. Notice the trench made by
the tractor, there's a lot of them here and have
to be delt with using extreme caution, or you
will end-up just like we have right here ...;-0
So, what happened you might be asking ?
Now, I want you to take 2, maybe 3 long steps
straight back, now turn 90 degrees to your rt
& there before your eyes will be a real large
palm oil tree, like quite large. This means
there will be large bows hanging down.
Most which have a large stalk as big
around as a grown mans wrist and
do great damage to any forward
motion, impeding your plans.
At this point I want you to envision 15/20 seconds
before we arrived in this spot. I'm doing my best
2 stay as close to the tree, avoid the large bows
while at the same time, balancing on the edge
of the concrete trench.... Still with me here ?
And for a door prize there's a number of
smaller bows aimed straight at my face.
Well, it all happened like an explosion
as the small bows racked my face, an
the big bows hooked the upper right
corner of the canopy whipping our
backend around into the trench
followed by a now unstable
front tire also sliding into
the deep trench. This
my friends, sucks ;-(
Try as I might, there was no rocking this
400++ pounds of hot metal out of here.
And, it is now getting really hot out too.
There's now only one option left and
that is to retrieve the come-a-long.
Took some doing cuz once we were
out of this trench we shot straight
over into the other trench. What
now you are asking ? Well, we
just kept doing what we do
until the rig is free and we
are on our way, out of
this precarious spot.
There's probably more I could add, but
at this point I think you have caught on.
Another day at the office ;-)
Jon&Crew.
Please help with your donations here.
www.gofundme.com/saving-thai-temple-dogs.
Please No Awards, Gyrating Graphics,
Invites or Large Group Logos, Thank You.
.
...because when people have guns, one day or another, they're going to use them.
R.I.P. to all those poor children in Connecticut.
[Fr]... parce que si les gens ont des armes à feu, un jour ou l'autre, ils les utiliseront.
23-07-2015 - Knot a problem
Fuji Provia 100F (RDPIII) shot at EI 100
Color slide film in 120 format shot at 6x6
Cross-processed
Large version at: emulsive.org/photography/knot-a-problem-fuji-provia-100f-...
Filed under: #Medium_format, #Photography
Según el diccionario un problema es :
Un problema suele ser un asunto del que se espera una rapida y efectiva solución.
Y pueden ser, además de diversos tipos:
Mamtemáticos.
Sociales.
Economicos.
Religiosos.
Filosoficos.
Amorosos.
Etc.
Y yo pienso en la razon, por la cual se le de tanta importancia a los problemas, por que nos agoviamos de tales formas por cosas que aveces son tan minusculas..
No seria mejor, quizas, pensar solo en lo positivo y pasar de los problemas, dejos, siempre se terminan solucionando solos, si solo estas pendiente de ellos acabas por no vivir las pocas cosas felices que te quedan, acabas transformando tu vida en una especie de empesamiento que consistiria en pensar en el futuro y no disfrutar del presente.
Vive en positivo.
Sí, me encantan los momentos en los que tengo problemas, los saludo con la mano mientras pasan de largo.
5½ inch 80# cardstock circles, a good, stiff medium for this model.
Perfect model for CraftROBOing or die-stamping.
Kolkata /koʊlˈkɑːtɑː/(Bengali: কলকাতা) formerly Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/(Bengali: ক্যালকাটা) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly river, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its gross domestic product (adjusted for purchasing power parity) was estimated to be US$104 billion, which would be third highest among Indian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading licence in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified trading post. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah retook Kolkata in 1756 after the Company started evading taxes and due to increasing militarization of the fort. The East India Company retook it in the following year, and defeated the Nawab of Bengal (Mir Qasim) in 1764 when he tried to squeeze them out of the region. Per the treaty signed between the company and the Mughal emperor after the battle, the East India company gained the right to collect revenue from the province, thus becoming the imperial tax collector. In 1793 the East India company was strong enough and to abolish Nizamat (local rule), and assumed full sovereignty of the region. Under the Company rule and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of British-held territories in India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata - which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics -witnessed several decades of economic stagnation.
As a nucleus of the 19th- and early 20th-century Bengal Renaissance and a religiously and ethnically diverse centre of culture in Bengal and India, Kolkata has local traditions in drama, art, film, theatre, and literature. Many people from Kolkata - among them several Nobel laureates - have contributed to the arts, the sciences, and other areas. Kolkata culture features idiosyncrasies that include distinctively close-knit neighbourhoods (paras) and freestyle intellectual exchanges (adda). West Bengal's share of the Bengali film industry is based in the city, which also hosts venerable cultural institutions of national importance, such as the Academy of Fine Arts, the Victoria Memorial, the Asiatic Society, the Indian Museum and the National Library of India. Among professional scientific institutions, Kolkata hosts the Agri Horticultural Society of India, the Geological Survey of India, the Botanical Survey of India, the Calcutta Mathematical Society, the Indian Science Congress Association, the Zoological Survey of India, the Institution of Engineers, the Anthropological Survey of India and the Indian Public Health Association. Though home to major cricketing venues and franchises, Kolkata differs from other Indian cities by giving importance to association football and other sports.
ETYMOLOGY
The word Kolkata derives from the Bengali term Kôlikata (Bengali: কলিকাতা) [ˈkɔlikat̪a], the name of one of three villages that predated the arrival of the British, in the area where the city eventually was to be established; the other two villages were Sutanuti and Govindapur.
There are several explanations about the etymology of this name:
The term Kolikata is thought to be a variation of Kalikkhetrô [ˈkalikʰːet̪rɔ] (Bengali: কালীক্ষেত্র), meaning "Field of [the goddess] Kali". Similarly, it can be a variation of 'Kalikshetra' (Sanskrit: कालीक्षेत्र, lit. area of Goddess Kali").
Alternatively, the name may have been derived from the Bengali term kilkila (Bengali: কিলকিলা), or "flat area".
The name may have its origin in the words khal [ˈkʰal] (Bengali: খাল) meaning "canal", followed by kaṭa [ˈkata] (Bengali: কাটা), which may mean "dug".
According to another theory, the area specialised in the production of quicklime or koli chun [ˈkɔlitɕun] (Bengali: কলি চুন) and coir or kata [ˈkat̪a] (Bengali: কাতা); hence, it was called Kolikata [ˈkɔlikat̪a] (Bengali: কলিকাতা).
Although the city's name has always been pronounced Kolkata [ˈkolkat̪a] (Bengali: কলকাতা) or Kôlikata [ˈkɔlikat̪a] (Bengali: কলিকাতা) in Bengali, the anglicised form Calcutta was the official name until 2001, when it was changed to Kolkata in order to match Bengali pronunciation.
HISTORY
The discovery and archaeological study of Chandraketugarh, 35 kilometres north of Kolkata, provide evidence that the region in which the city stands has been inhabited for over two millennia. Kolkata's recorded history began in 1690 with the arrival of the English East India Company, which was consolidating its trade business in Bengal. Job Charnock, an administrator who worked for the Company, was formerly credited as the founder of the city; In response to a public petition, the Calcutta High Court ruled in 2003 that the city does not have a founder. The area occupied by the present-day city encompassed three villages: Kalikata, Gobindapur, and Sutanuti. Kalikata was a fishing village; Sutanuti was a riverside weavers' village. They were part of an estate belonging to the Mughal emperor; the jagirdari (a land grant bestowed by a king on his noblemen) taxation rights to the villages were held by the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family of landowners, or zamindars. These rights were transferred to the East India Company in 1698.In 1712, the British completed the construction of Fort William, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River to protect their trading factory. Facing frequent skirmishes with French forces, the British began to upgrade their fortifications in 1756. The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, condemned the militarisation and tax evasion by the company. His warning went unheeded, and the Nawab attacked; he captured Fort William which led to the killings of several East India company officials in the Black Hole of Calcutta. A force of Company soldiers (sepoys) and British troops led by Robert Clive recaptured the city the following year. Per the 1765 Treaty of Allahabad following the battle of Buxar, East India company was appointed imperial tax collector of the Mughal emperor in the province of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, while Mughal-appointed Nawabs continued to rule the province. Declared a presidency city, Calcutta became the headquarters of the East India Company by 1772. In 1793, ruling power of the Nawabs were abolished and East India company took complete control of the city and the province. In the early 19th century, the marshes surrounding the city were drained; the government area was laid out along the banks of the Hooghly River. Richard Wellesley, Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William between 1797 and 1805, was largely responsible for the development of the city and its public architecture. Throughout the late 18th and 19th century, the city was a centre of the East India Company's opium trade.By the 1850s, Calcutta had two areas: White Town, which was primarily British and centred on Chowringhee and Dalhousie Square; and Black Town, mainly Indian and centred on North Calcutta. The city underwent rapid industrial growth starting in the early 1850s, especially in the textile and jute industries; this encouraged British companies to massively invest in infrastructure projects, which included telegraph connections and Howrah railway station. The coalescence of British and Indian culture resulted in the emergence of a new babu class of urbane Indians, whose members were often bureaucrats, professionals, newspaper readers, and Anglophiles; they usually belonged to upper-caste Hindu communities. In the 19th century, the Bengal Renaissance brought about an increased sociocultural sophistication among city denizens. In 1883, Calcutta was host to the first national conference of the Indian National Association, the first avowed nationalist organisation in India.
The British moved the capital to New Delhi in 1911. Calcutta continued to be a centre for revolutionary organisations associated with the Indian independence movement. The city and its port were bombed several times by the Japanese between 1942 and 1944, during World War II. Coinciding with the war, millions starved to death during the Bengal famine of 1943 due to a combination of military, administrative, and natural factors. Demands for the creation of a Muslim state led in 1946 to an episode of communal violence that killed over 4,000. The partition of India led to further clashes and a demographic shift - many Muslims left for East Pakistan (present day Bangladesh), while hundreds of thousands of Hindus fled into the city.
During the 1960s and 1970s, severe power shortages, strikes, and a violent Marxist–Maoist movement by groups known as the Naxalites damaged much of the city's infrastructure, resulting in economic stagnation. The Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 led to a massive influx of thousands of refugees, many of them penniless, that strained Kolkata's infrastructure. During the mid-1980s, Mumbai (then called Bombay) overtook Kolkata as India's most populous city. In 1985, prime minister Rajiv Gandhi dubbed Kolkata a "dying city" in light of its socio-political woes. In the period 1977–2011, West Bengal was governed from Kolkata by the Left Front, which was dominated by the Communist Party of India (CPM). It was the world's longest-serving democratically elected communist government, during which Kolkata was a key base for Indian communism. In the West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, 2011, Left Front was defeated by the Trinamool Congress. The city's economic recovery gathered momentum after the 1990s, when India began to institute pro-market reforms. Since 2000, the information technology (IT) services sector has revitalised Kolkata's stagnant economy. The city is also experiencing marked growth in its manufacturing base.
DEMOGRAPHICS
A resident of Kolkata is referred to via the demonym Calcuttan or Kolkatan. According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, Kolkata district, which occupies an area of 185 km2, had a population of 4,486,679; its population density was 24,252/km2. This represents a decline of 1.88% during the decade 2001–11. The sex ratio is 899 females per 1000 males - lower than the national average. The ratio is depressed by the influx of working males from surrounding rural areas, from the rest of West Bengal, and from neighbouring states, mainly Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Orissa; these men commonly leave their families behind. Kolkata's literacy rate of 87.14% exceeds the all-India average of 74%. The urban agglomeration had a population of 14,112,536 in 2011.
Bengali Hindus form the majority of Kolkata's population; Marwaris, Biharis and Muslims compose large minorities. Among Kolkata's smaller communities are Chinese, Tamils, Nepalis, Odias, Telugus, Assamese, Gujaratis, Anglo-Indians, Armenians, Greeks, Tibetans, Maharashtrians, Konkanis, Malayalees, Punjabis, and Parsis.:3 The number of Armenians, Greeks, Jews, and other foreign-origin groups declined during the 20th century. The Jewish population of Kolkata was 5,000 during World War II, but declined after Indian independence and the establishment of Israel; by 2013, there were 25 Jews in the city. India's sole Chinatown is in eastern Kolkata; once home to 20,000 ethnic Chinese, its population dropped to around 2,000 as of 2009 as a result of multiple factors including repatriation and denial of Indian citizenship following the 1962 Sino-Indian War, and immigration to foreign countries for better economic opportunities. The Chinese community traditionally worked in the local tanning industry and ran Chinese restaurants.
Bengali, the official state language, is the dominant language in Kolkata. English is also used, particularly by the white-collar workforce. Hindi and Urdu are spoken by a sizeable minority. According to the 2011 census, 76.51% of the population is Hindu, 20.60% Muslim, 0.88% Christian, and 0.47% Jain. The remainder of the population includes Sikhs, Buddhists, and other religions which accounts for 0.45% of the population; 1.09% did not state a religion in the census. Kolkata reported 67.6% of Special and Local Laws crimes registered in 35 large Indian cities during 2004. The Kolkata police district registered 15,510 Indian Penal Code cases in 2010, the 8th-highest total in the country. In 2010, the crime rate was 117.3 per 100,000, below the national rate of 187.6; it was the lowest rate among India's largest cities.
As of 2003, about one-third of the population, or 1.5 million people, lived in 3,500 unregistered squatter-occupied and 2,011 registered slums: 92 The authorised slums (with access to basic services like water, latrines, trash removal by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation) can be broadly divided into two groups - bustees, in which slum dwellers have some long term tenancy agreement with the landowners; and udbastu colonies, settlements which had been leased to refugees from present-day Bangladesh by the Government.:5 The unauthorised slums (devoid of basic services provided by the municipality) are occupied by squatters who started living on encroached lands - mainly along canals, railway lines and roads.:92:5 According to the 2005 National Family Health Survey, around 14% of the households in Kolkata were poor, while 33% lived in slums, indicating a substantial proportion of households in slum areas were better off economically than the bottom quarter of urban households in terms of wealth status.:23 Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding and working with the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata - an organisation "whose primary task was to love and care for those persons nobody was prepared to look after".
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Finger Lakes Food/Flower Gardens
Last year I had thought about putting another gate at the end of the run to make it easier to access the front yard. I called in a fencing company who wanted to charge me $500.00. Whoa!!! Can you say RIP-OFF! Needless to say we didn't hire that company!!! So the gates went into the garden, a good use for them! They will be used for the Cucs and Squash to climb on!
VIM Airlines Boeing 767-3Q8(ER) EI-DBG (tbc VP-BVI) being towed to the Thomas Cook Airlines Hangar at Manchester Airport due to a problem with the landing gear.
Ordered by BBAM, the aircraft first flew at Everett on the 21st of June 1991 and was destined for Air France. Air France however leased it immediately to Lauda Air as F-GHGG to replace the example that crashed in Thailand as flight 004. The aircraft was returned to Air France on the 23rd of April 1992 and remained with AFR until it was withdrawn in April 2003. On the 14th of May 2003 the aircraft was delivered to Transaero as EI-DBG before being sold to VEB-Leasing in October 2009 who continued to lease it to Transaero. In November 2014 the aircraft was sold to TransFin-M Leasing who, once again continued to lease it to Transaero.
By March 2015, Transaero had accumulated 1.1 billion euros of debt. In September 2015 Aeroflot agreed to buy 75% of Transaero for the symbolic price of 1 rouble (1.2 pence). However by the 2nd of October Aeroflot dropped the deal as Transaero's shareholders hadn't agreed on the sale and with Transaero's debt now at 3.9 billion euros the company announced that they intended to suspend operations by the 15th of December 2015. Transaero began cancelling flights on a daily basis and suspended it's ticket sales. On the 20th of October S7 Airlines offered to buy 50% of Transaero, after this deal fell through on the 24th of October Russian authorities announced that Tansaero's air operators certificate would be suspended within 48 hours. Prior to the demise Transaero had begun to ferry it's fleet to Teruel (Tarmac Aerosave) and on the 25th of October at 11:54 the last flight, operated by a 767-200ER landed at Vnukovo.
On the 28th of May 2016 the aircraft was flown from Teruel to Budapest for further storage. It arrived at Manchester on the 8th of August from Budapest and was towed into Air Livery for a repaint into VIM livery. The aircraft will be delivered to VIM as VP-BVI when it is repaired.
UHA Untersuchungshaftanstalt des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit in the former DDR - Berlin Hohenschönhausen
‘Cause there's no salvation for a bad girl
We’re rock bottom
But there ain’t no stopping
‘Cause they don’t know nothing about love
We’re hell raising
And we don’t need saving
‘Cause there's no salvation for a bad boy
We’re rock bottom
But there ain’t no stopping
‘Cause its you and me against the world
I’m your dream girl
This is real love
But you know what they say about me…
That girl is a problem
Girl is a problem
Girl is a problem, problem
Oh Baby
You so bad boy
Drive me mad boy
But you don’t care when they say about me…
That girl is a problem
Girl is a problem
Girl is a problem, problem
I don't have any problems getting the boys to look into the lens, as they've been doing it - and being handsomely rewarded for it - for years.
While Henry's look is soft and melting, Zachary has a way of commanding your attention.
He firmly places his head on your lap and looks up at you with large, deep brown eyes and wags his tail in long, sweeping wags.
"Feed me Cookies", he says.
That look is unmistakable.
Our Daily Challenge - Jan 13, 2017 - "Staring Into The Camera"
Daily Dog Challenge 1900. "Jeepers Creepers, Those Peepers"
7 Days of Shooting - A Book Title - Focus: "A Mote in God's Eye" by Larry Niven & Jerry Pournelle.
I read this book decades ago, during my Sci-Fi phase, most likely when I was somewhere between 7th and 10th grades. Honestly, I remember absolutely nothing about it except the title, which has stuck with me all these years. FWIW: I believe the book is well regarded. Who knows, maybe I'll read it again some time.
Today's Post (Windows to the Soul) : www.bzdogs.com/2017/01/windows-to-soul.html
(In Reserve for 117 Pictures in 2017 #1. "Something You Open")
Stop on by Zachary and Henry's blog: bzdogs.com - The Secret Life of the Suburban Dog
Some background:
In contrast to France and India, the Israeli Air Force was an enthusiastic Ouragan user, as Arab air forces were buying advanced Russian arms, such as the MiG-15 fighter. Seeking to augment its jet aircraft force of British Gloster Meteors, IAF initially considered French Dassault Mystère IIC and Canadian-built F-86 Sabre Mk.6 fighters. Due to development problems with the Mystère and a Canadian embargo on the Sabres, the order was changed to Mystère IVAs, with a batch of Ouragans purchased as a stop-gap measure. By 1955, the IAF had received at least 75 aircraft, comprising a mix of newly-built and retired French Air Force examples. The Israeli Ouragans were assigned to close support operations, since they could not match the performance of Egyptian MiG-15s.
Israeli Ouragans entered combat on 12 April 1956, shooting down an Egyptian Vampire. At the onset of the Suez Crisis on 29 October 1956, Ouragans shot down an additional four Vampires. The two documented encounters with Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 fighters (also powered by the Nene engine but with a more modern swept wing) ended with one Ouragan surviving several 37 mm (1.46 in) cannon hits to fly the next day and one MiG-15 being heavily damaged after it entered a turning dogfight with the Ouragans. The poor training of the Egyptian pilots who were consistently unable to realize their advantage in numbers as well as the MiG-15's speed and climb characteristics helped Ouragans to survive despite their inferior performance.
"29" of 113 tajeset was flown by captain Jaacon Agasi during the mission of October 31 of 1956, when together with Lt. Kishon they attacked and damaged the Egyptian destroyer 'Ibraim al Awal'. The vessel was so damaged that its captain decides to surrender the ship to the Israelis. It was later repaired and put back into service under the Israeli flag with the name 'Haifa'.
The IDF Ouragans were relegated to advanced training shortly after the Suez Crisis, although they saw more combat in the 1967 Six-Day War. In 1975, the IAF sold 18 Ouragans to El Salvador, where they remained in service until the late 1980s.
General characteristics:
Crew: One
Length: 10.73 m (35 ft 2 in)
Wingspan: 13.16 m (43 ft 2 in)
Height: 4.14 m (13 ft 7 in)
Wing area: 23.8 m² (256.2 ft²)
Aspect ratio: 7.3:1
Empty weight: 4.142 kg (9.132 lb)
Loaded weight: 7.404 kg (16.323 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 7 900 kg (17.416 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Nene 104B turbojet, 22.2 kN (4.990 lbf)
Performance
Never exceed speed: Mach 0.83
Maximum speed: 940 km/h (508 knots, 584 mph) (Mach 0.76) at sea level
Cruise speed: 750 km/h (405 knots, 465 mph)
Combat radius: 450 km (245 nm, 280 mi)
Ferry range: 920 km (500 nm, 570 mi)
Service ceiling: 13 000 m (42,650 ft)
Rate of climb: 38 m/s (7.480 ft/min)
Takeoff distance: 783 m (2.570 ft)
Landing distance: 910 m (2.985 ft)
Armament:
4× 20 mm Hispano-Suiza HS.404 cannon with 125 RPG;
2.270 kg (5.000 lb) of payload on four external hardpoints, including:
- 2× 454 kg (1,000 lb) bombs
- 2× 458 liter (121 US gallon) napalm bombs
- 16× 105 mm (4.1 in) Brandt T-10 air-to-ground unguided rockets
- 2× Matra rocket pods with 18× SNEB 68 mm rockets each
- Drop tanks for extended range
The kit and its assembly:
A non-whif kit, and when I delved into the Ouragan’s background I was surprised that the Heyl Ha’ Avir’s Ouragan "29" actually had some conflict history. Anyway, I had this vintage Heller kit donated to me by friend, who himself had it laying in the project pile for years with no hope for finishing. When I got the kit, I was certain to finally build it - and make it an Israeli aircraft from the Suez crisis era.
The Heller kit is old but IMHO surprisingly good. It is simple, yes, but accurate and features many major details of the Ouragan, even a complete air intake duct around the cockpit is provided. Surface details are simple but clear, cockpit and landing gear are also O.K.. The only drawback is that you have raised panel lines, esp. on the fuselage halves’ intersection. Fit is acceptable – I had some trouble with the fuselage halves and the tub under the forward fuselage which carries the guns and the front wheel, but, on the other side, I can hardly remember a kit where the wing part would fit so smoothly into the fuselage, without any putty at all?! Today, a 1:72 Valom kit of the MD.450 has become available, too, which is a big advance because it features recessed details, including riveting, but also a price tag which is about four(!) times what you potentially pay for the old Heller kit.
The Heller kit offers no external ordnance, just the (fixed) wing tip tanks. Being a "hot duty" plane, I wanted to add some punch to the model and added two hardpoints with simple iron bombs. The attachment points were scratch-built from spare parts (from a Ju 87G, slightly shortened), according to pictures of real Ouragans. In a sudden urge for detailing I also added the (empty) Brandt missile adapters in- and outside of the main wing hardpoint, a typical view on many French and Israeli Ouragan. The French “Planes & Pilots” book about this aircraft is a very good source for this and other details.
Furthermore, a pilot figure (Matchbox) was added, since I wanted to present the kit with an open canopy and the landing gear down. Only other modifications are the lowered flaps, which can be easily cut out from the lower wing part, and some added details at the guns as well as two thin whip antenna in front of the cockpit and under the belly, just in front of the wings‘ leading edge. Otherwise, the kit was built OOB.
Painting:
The Heller kit provides markings for a stylish ‘Patrouille de France’ machine, and IDF's "29" in a sand/pale green livery, featuring yellow/black ID stripes from the Suez crisis, lightning decoration on the wing tip tanks and an almost ridiculous shark mouth – a nose art many IDF Ouragans carried, BTW.
Even though I wanted to make this an IDF aircraft, I did not opt for the typical desert camouflage. The pale desert livery looks a bit over the top, and I rather wanted to use the indigenous dark brown/blue IDF paint scheme of that era which was used over the sea and mountainous areas. To my surprise I even found pictures of "29" carrying this livery, so it is even authentic. AFAIK the plane got it after its spectacular use against the 'Ibraim al Awal', so that it no longer bore the ID stripes. The shark mouth was retained, though, and that's what my kit depicts.
Choosing the right colors took some time, since you find a wide range of recommended tones for the paint scheme. Some sources claim ‘dark grey’ for the upper sides, as well as ‘dark earth’, some even claim dark brown and dark green.
Officially, the colors are described as "Brown and Dark Blue", and even while real-life pictures of such IDF planes show a greyish, even greenish hue hue, I think that the authentic colors are a kind of very brownish olive drab and a dark midnight blue, which quickly faded and deteriorated under desert conditions. Today, IDF Ouragan “113” is still preserved in this outfit in the Israel Air Force Museum.
As basic colors I settled on Humbrol 26 (Khaki; Humbrol’s 142 Field Drab (FS 30118) would have been my 1st choice, but it is out of production, and I did not have the respective Testors tone #1702 at hand either) and Humbrol 77 (Navy Blue; IPMS Stockholm recommends Humbrol 104, but this tone is very reddish and IMO inappropriate) for the upper sides, and Humbrol 129 (Light Gull Grey, FS 36440) for the lower sides. As usual, everything was done by hand and brushes.
I tried to emphasize the sun-bleached look with dry-brushed lighter tones, esp. on the upper surfaces, fading the Earth tone into grayish sand and the greenish blue into a bluish gray. It is a weird color combo, but despite the dull tones I think the plane looks interesting - esp. with the giant shark mouth!
According to photographs, the cockpit interior was dark grey, almost black, the landing gear wells blank aluminum, while the landing gear struts were unpainted, painted in a bluish, light grey (what I did), or, in some cases, probably even in white.
Decals were taken mostly from the Heller kit, but I replaced the national insignia with darker and slightly smaller Stars of David from an Italeri IDF Kfir, because the Heller stars are rather pale - even though that would not be "wrong", since there had been no specified blue tone for Israel's national insignia on IDF planes, the tone varied considerably.
Another thing I changed is the nose art: I painted the eyes for the shark mouth by myself. The decal sheet provides eyes, but they have a red rim and no pupil at all – AFAIK and what any photo of an IDF Ouragan shows is that the outline is always black and all eyes have a red pupil, whatever the rest of the machine looked like. Checking pics I also noticed that the shape of the red and black background of the shark mouth decals is wrong, but I took then as it is, you certainly can exaggerate pseudo-realism.
All in all a simple kit, realized with a “low budget”, easy to build and even with some history. Nice! Now I even consider building another Ouragan in FAS colors – the planes‘ third life in South America.