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Same difficult problem, two slightly different ways of tackling it..
I have been going here since it opened!!
Luther, Katie and I had a good session down there this evening..
Luther and Katie were doing great!
History -
"The Foundry Climbing Centre in Sheffield was the UK's first dedicated indoor climbing centre. Opened in 1991 it was designed, by climbers, to suit everyone from beginner to expert. It offers walls up to 13m high and lead/top rope climbs with 150 routes and bouldering"
"We at The Foundry provide climbing facilities for people of all ages and abilities. We have over 75 lead routes, 75+ top rope routes, 7 Autobelays, 100+ boulder problems and training and gym facilities"
UHA Untersuchungshaftanstalt des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit in the former DDR - Berlin Hohenschönhausen
now i know the title is obviously....but i thought maybe my stream was of late, becoming a little biased towards the pink (i can assure you, this isn't a problem for me, but some of you may be getting bored of it!)
Rollei XF35.
German 35mm rangefinder camera produced from 1974 till 1980.
One problem with the Rollei XF35 is the fact that its Sonnar Lens sticks out quite a lot.
Top of this image shows a wooden toothpick resting on the center of the lens on one end and on the ridge of the filter thread on the other end. Note that the toothpick is almost lying flat !
A lens bulging out that much is not ideal. It will be prone to flare and fall of contrast !
The common solution for this situation is a Lens Hood (allways a good idea to use).
I bought one (made in China) with a thread of 46 x 0,75mm and as you can see
the wooden toothpick now makes quite an angle.
A collection of some 200 old cars (mainly Fiat's) has been found in Kolding, Denmark. Many of the cars have never been sold!!!! Brand new Fiat 127, 128, 131, Ritmo etc.
And here's the story:
"Jens Sørensen owned a Fiat garage in Kolding, Denmark, and for some reason didn't resell the cars which he took in part-exchange for new ones between 1973 and 1981.
Then in 1981 he was made to choose by Fiat Denmark whether to run the business as a truck agency or a passenger car franchise. He opted for the trucks, and just left all the passenger cars where they were, including some unsold new models.
Now a descendent of his who appears to be Kjeld, son of Sven Sørensen, finds that he owns about 200 old cars, and has decided to sell most of them. So far this has only been publicised by word-of-mouth. He plans to keep the best examples of each model, but others are for sale, ranging in value from the equivalent of €250 for an accident-damaged Fiat 600 to €6500 for a Lancia Beta with 16,000 km on the clock, which was run as a company car.
There are some second series Fiat 127s with delivery mileage, but it seems that there are problems with cars which were never actually registered when new. These cannot now be put on the road in Denmark because of emissions regulations."
dear kelly smith sometimes I wish I was as amy winehouse oriented as you are and now my dreams are coming true
Brilliant line, great work by Will. I did the RH finish after this as wasnt sure what was what, get pocket with the LH and head right. "The Lash Out?" the right finish was a bit harder. My grade calibrater is malfunctioning at the moment.
Left-hand one is misbehaving. Right-hand one is better.
So that's annoying. New machine, set up with Marlin on RAMPS, the z-axis was always on (so the motors weren't released between layers). I thought that wasn't a bad idea, but it turns out that driving two motors (the z motors) continuously makes the stepper drivers go up to 110C, and they do a thermal cutout. Or at least, that's what it seems like. It manifests as the motors just not moving. When doing a "move 10mm" on the z-axis, it'll move, then just pause for a couple of seconds, before coming back on.
I have changed the row #define DISABLE_Z false in Marlin (Configuration) to true, and so it goes off between layers. I don't really trust microsteps to pickup where they left off, but at least it can print now. Also am going to add a fan to the electronics.
The problem is that the little catch lever that drops onto the big metal wheel that's connected to shutter assembly instead of staying away from it until the shutter is fully cocked.
Tricky problem to fix :(
The problem with trying to see 'everything', is that you spend too much time on the road going somewhere, and not enough time "being" somewhere... When we were in New England, that's what happened, and most of the fall foliage I had come to see, was seen through the window of the rental car, traveling down the Turnpike at 80 miles an hour.. I must have heard "Oh, isn't that pretty!" at least a hundred times, but the foot never left the accelerator on the last two days of our vacation.. It couldn't. We had places to be, and we had to get there come hell or high water..
So I just watched, as autumn glided silently past outside the glass, in flashes of red and yellow and gold... reminding me of the way the days of our lives slip away, one sunny day after another.. We want to stop and savor them - but we can't.. We have places to be, and we have to get there, come hell or high water.......
1981 (part 1 of 3)
January 5, 1981
Kanata residents discussed the past year of the Katimavik-Hazeldean Community Association, including the Association's incorporation July 16, 1980 and the rash of break-ins the community experienced in January, February, and March of 1980. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:2.
January 5, 1981
Two members of the Ontario Municipal Board listened to the Region regarding their opposition to the diversion of Eagleson Road South to a position east of Bridlewood. The hearing was to continue February 9, 1981. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.
January 5, 1981
Kanata Ladies' Bowling Section "A" closed with Team One the victors: Marg Anderson, Ev Fraser, Rose Sullivan, and Dot Ollett. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:13.
January 6, 1981
Council heard a deputation from members of the Stittsville and District Snowmobile Club, protesting the ban on snowmobile operation on city urban streets and charged Council with a breach of faith based on an accord they believed had been reached in the fall. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.
January 9, 1981
Mayor Marianne Wilkinson wrote in her Commentary that the Kanata Hydro Commission had taken over the supply of electric power to all parts of Kanata. The Commission, which was operating out of the former Municipal Office buildings, had a few problems the first day, the mayor said, but everything soon ran smoothly. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.
January 9, 1981
It was announced that the Fraggalosch family of Kanata won the March Hockey Association's draw for a trip for two to Acapulco, Mexico. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.
January 9, 1981
It was announced that several hundred Kanata residents from Salter Square, Bering Court, McClintock Way, and Eagleson Manor faced mortgage interest increases of 7 per cent or more. These homeowners had purchased their homes with mortgage interest rates of about 8 per cent under the government's AHOP subsidized-mortgage programme, which the government decided not to continue. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.
January 9, 1981
It was announced that Thermocell Insulation Ltd. subcontracted the collection of Kanata's waste newsprint to Ottawa's Provincial Sanitation Company. The change, pending Council's decision on whether or not to continue the program, was believed to make the service more efficient. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:1.
January 9, 1981
The Kanata Standard wrote that Fazeela Docter was attempting to organize a Block Parents Program in Beaverbrook. The object of the program was to enlist the aid of residents to provide safe refuge for a child in danger or trouble. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:2.
January 9, 1981
A number of women in Bridlewood announced they were looking to form a ladies' daytime X-country ski club. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:2.
January 9, 1981
It was announced that Council had passed a motion to appoint William J. Berry to the Committee of Adjustment. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.
January 9, 1981
The March Rural Executive welcomed the initiative of Garnie Hewitt in coordinating the operation of the March Central Rink. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.
January 9, 1981
Campeau Corporation gave permission to the municipality to install gates in the fencing it had placed around a large part of its property north of Beaverbrook in order to maintain public access to ski trails and nature trails. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.
January 9, 1981
Being the Year of Disabled Persons, the municipality established a committee to bring forward suggestions on special activities or events to commemorate the year. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:3.
January 9, 1981
It was announced that raffle tickets needed to be sold to raise money for special treatment for Stephen Courrier, a Glen Cairn boy who was severely brain damaged in an accident in June of 1973. The treatment he received was at the Sptiz Clinic in Philadelphia. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:4.
January 9, 1981
Dan Perley wrote in his column that residents had expressed concern that large chunks of land were being held together by the City more to facilitate construction of factories or housing developments than to preserve agriculture or for conservation value. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:6.
January 9, 1981
Mike Bedard announced the results of the Bill McNeill Memorial Tournament at the Mlacak Arena. The Midget Crees, the Atom Crees, the Bantam Iroquois, and the Pewee Chiefs all won the "A" Division Championships. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:8.
January 9, 1981
It was announced that Kenneth Finch would teach the Kanata Art Club classes again in 1981. Kanata Standard, Jan. 9, 1981:13.
January 9, 1981
The Atom "A" Blazers travelled to Brockville for the Thousand Island International Tournament, at which they achieved second place. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:7.
January 10, 1981
The Cubs and Scouts of Kanata held a bottle drive. Kanata Standard, Dec. 19, 1980:7.
January 13, 1981
Ron MaKeekin of the Kanata March Hares Football Club appeared before Council to request financial support for the purchase of trophies. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:6.
January 15, 1981
The 1981 Bridlewood Board of Directors was all acclaimed: President--Roy Meikle, Vice-President--Tom Petch, Treasurer--Rick Seaman, Secretary--Stu Chandler. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:3.
January 15, 1981
Mike James was appointed to the Bridlewood Transit Committee and Stu Chandler was appointed to the Bridlewood Pathways Committee. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:5.
January 16, 1981
A successful bake sale was held by the March Kanata Sailing Club. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:7.
January 17, 1981
The March Montessori School's annual fundraising dance, the "Hound Dog Hop II," was held. Kanata Standard, Dec. 12, 1980:3.
January 20, 1981
Bob Tennant of MacDonald Homes described to Council the features of a class of energy-saving homes that the company was building in the McCurdy neighbourhood of Katimavik. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:1.
January 21, 1981
Joyce Phin, director of the Montessori school, explained the Montessori math program to parents. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:12.
January 23, 1981
Constable Peter Leclair confirmed that Kanata's Neighbourhood Watch Program had made a considerable difference in the number of break-ins and thefts in the area. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:1.
January 23, 1981
William Casley, 19, of Kanata, was honoured by the OPP for saving the driver of a burning car in August 1979. The driver, it had turned out, had been a friend of William's from Earl of March. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:1.
January 23, 1981
R.J.A. expressed concern in an editorial over the Mayor's effort to explain the circumstances surrounding the dismissal of Regional Treasurer Jim Perkins. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:2.
January 23, 1981
Paul Dick, MP, expressed concern over the termination of AHOP-funded housing, and in the effects it would have on the Kanata region. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:2.
January 23, 1981
Dave Western, Chairman of the Education Committee in Bridlewood, resigned. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:3.
January 23, 1981
Sheila McKee made a plea to Kanata residents to donate "anything in any condition" to the sister of Mike McLean, Kanata resident, her husband, and their 7-month-old baby. The family's house south-west of Kanata was completely destroyed by fire. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:5.
January 23, 1981
Mayor Marianne Wilkinson explained in her Commentary the circumstances surrounding the dismissal of Regional Treasurer Jim Perkins. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:8.
January 23, 1981
Rosalie Vigneron reported that the Christmas Red Cross Clinic was a modest success with 173 donors. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:11.
January 23, 1981
Kanata Standard Ltd., the new company that was to take over publication of the Kanata Standard was officially registered. The company was jointly owned by the Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association, the Katimavik-Hazeldean Community Association and private citizens. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:1.
January 23, 1981
It was announced that the Kanata Fire Department had presented the Canadian Cancer Society's Branch for the Terry Fox Fund with a cheque for $1000. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:14.
January 23, 1981
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa was reported to have authorized the purchase of land in Kanata for a Roman Catholic Church, which would be located at Eagleson Road and Rothesay Drive. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:18.
January 24, 1981
The Kanata Kids Association held a Wintertime Fair at the Katimavik Community Centre. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:11.
January 27, 1981
Council was split down the middle trying to resolve a long-standing issue of where the Western Boundary Road should be built. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:1.
January 27, 1981
Council approved the purchase of a triple-combination fire truck and ancillary equipment at a total cost of $91,901. The truck was to go in the new fire station to be built on Eagleson Road at Rothesay Drive. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:5.
January 27, 1981
The Black Tower Restaurant in Kanata was handed a $1000 fine in provincial court for selling liquor to minors. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:16.
January 28, 1981
A wine and cheese was held at the Citizen building for voice and hearing-impaired children with guest speaker Tina Novelli-Amstead. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:14.
February 1, 1981
The Stittsville and District Snowmobile Association held their drag races. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:13.
February 2, 1981
The Carleton Board of Education decided to provide a French Immersion Centre for kindergarten to grade 5 in Katimavik. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:1.
February 6, 1981
It a was announced that a meeting was held to organize the Bridlewood nursery school opening in the fall. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:3.
February 6, 1981
The Kanata Standard wrote that Susan Kunstadt hoped to organize a ladies fitness class at the Bridlewood Community Centre. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:3.
February 6, 1981
In Marianne Wilkinson's Commentary, she noted that Paul Dick and condominium residents met with the Minister in Charge of CMHC, Paul Cosgrove, regarding the end of AHOP housing funding. The mayor noted that the government didn't seem likely to change its plans. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:4.
February 6, 1981
It was announced that Brian Carr of Ryder Truck Rentals appeared before Council to request to establish a truck rental agency at the Kanata Esso station on the corner of the Parkway and Teron Road. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:5.
February 6, 1981
The Annual Kanata March Horticultual Society Potluck Supper was held at the home of Bob Shank and his wife. The new executive was announced: President--Arnold By, First Vice-President--Mary Ware, 2nd Vice-President--Isobelle Skinner. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:8.
February 6, 1981
It was announced that Molly Wilson was presented with the Service Award Certificate by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and the Kanata March Horticultural Society. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:8.
February 6, 1981
The Kinsmen Club of West Carleton announced that they had changed their name to the Kinsmen Club of Kanata in order to identify themselves with the new city. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:9.
February 6, 1981
Slavia, a new Kanata restaurant, opened in the east end of the Glen Cairn Plaza on Highway 7. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:11.
February 6, 1981
The new March Tennis Club executive was announced: President--Ted Exton, Vice-President--Dave Evans, Secretary--Geoff Holland, Treasurer--Helena Kalivoda. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:16.
February 6, 1981
It was announced that an Interim Board of Directors was approved for the Kanata Business Association. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:17.
February 6-7, 1981
March Kanata Skating Club's 1981 ice show, "Lights on Broadway," was presented. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:18.
February 8, 1981
The March Hockey Association held a skate-a-thon. Kanata Standard, Jan. 23, 1981:13.
February 9-13, 1981
The annual winter carnival was held at Earl of March, that included a Mad Moose Memorial Race and a pancake breakfast. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:13.
February 10, 1981
In a Committee-of-the-whole meeting, Ontario Hydro repudiated the agreement reached before Christmas to prune trees on the hydro easements rather than cut them down. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:1.
February 11, 1981
A discussion was held regarding the decision to make the new Katimavik school a kindergarten to grade 5 French Immersion programme. A number of participants signed a petition to ask the Board to reconsider its decision. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:1.
February 13-14, 1981
The Glen Cairn Figure Skating Club presented its annual ice show, "Frolics '81." Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:19.
February 14, 1981
The Beaverbrook Guide and Brownie Valentine Tea was held at the Earl of March cafeteria. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:9.
February 14-15, 1981
Sixteen Kanata skiers participated in Courier de Bois category at the 15th Annual Canadian Ski Marathon. Kanata's winners of this years Bronze Courier de Bois medals were awarded to: Phil Gregory, David Lawrence, Francois Lucas, Marc Lucas, Edward McNamara, and Michael Bowland. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.
February 17, 1981
The new Bridlewood Community Centre opened. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:3.
February 17, 1981
The Earl of March Concert Band played at the official opening of the Bridlewood Community Centre. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:5.
February 17, 1981
It was announced that the Torbolton March Town Line would be renamed the Thomas A. Dolan Parkway. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:6.
February 18-21, 1981
The Kanata Theatre ran their production of "Boustille and the Just," featuring Chris Robinson, Margaret Jardine, and Jo-Anne Manion. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:14.
February 20, 1981
It was reported that Carleton MPP Bob Mitchell and Carleton-Grenville MPP Norm Sterling presented Mayor Marianne Wilkinson with a cheque for $265,000 as part of the province’s contribution to reconstructing the Glen Cairn sewers. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:1.
February 20, 1981
It was announced that Kanata City Council had approved a by-law that would set up a parking system for handicapped drivers in the City of Kanata. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:2.
February 20, 1981
Mayor Marianne Wilkinson mentioned in her Commentary that a number of people had dumped gasoline and other volatile materials into catch basins in the city. She warned that those basins led directly to local streams and rivers. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:2.
February 20, 1981
The committee for a community school in Katimavik presented a letter to the Carleton Board of Education saying that they preferred the idea of a dual school in Katimavik. Hal Hansen of the CBE presented a response to the committee's concerns. Kanata Standard, Feb. 6, 1981:7.
February 20, 1981
L. Sayers wrote an article for the Kanata Standard regarding the "Fitness for Seniors" programme offered by the Carleton Board of Education and the Kanata Recreation Department. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:10.
February 20 - 22, 1981
The Bridlewood Winter Carnival took place, including hockey at the Glen Cairn Arena and a Children's Activity Day. Kanata Standard, Feb. 20, 1981:3.
February 22, 1981
The Kanata Blazers Major Pewee "AA" team travelled to Brockville for the Brockville Minor Hockey Association Black and Decker Invitational Tournament where they won the "B" side of the double elimination format. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:14.
February 24, 1981
In a Committee-of-the-whole meeting, Gerry Lemair, of OC Transpo, outlined changes proposed to the Kanata bus routes, including the extension of the 99 service out to Kanata. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:1.
February 24, 1981
The Committee-of-the-whole approved, subject to a number of conditions, the lease of the old library building to the Hazeldean Lions Club. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:1.
February 28, 1981
St. Isidore's Parish held a bazaar to raise money for the new church they were building in Kanata. The slogan of the bazaar was: "buy a pie and pay for a brick." Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:18.
March 1, 1981
The Kanata Major Atom AA Blazers captured the Cornwall Atom AA Tournament championship with three straight wins. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:19.
March 4, 1981
The Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association presented plaques to Ron Andoff and Diane Pilsworth, Beaverbrook's Man and Woman of the Year. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.
March 5, 1981
Nancy Landry, trustee for the Carleton Separate School Board and Hal Hansen, trustee for the Carleton School Board told the Bridlewood Community Association that they had no plans to build in the area. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:2.
March 5-7, 1981
The Kanata Book Fair was held at Stephen Leacock Public School. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:11.
March 6, 1981
The Kanata Loppet 1981 was cancelled because of the deterioration of the ski trails that season. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:13.
March 6, 1981
Brenda Stewart wrote an article for the Kanata Standard about Connie Lackner, a Glen Cairn tailor who made women's custom suits using natural fibre and traditional techniques. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:1.
March 6, 1981
Alan Seward's Council Notes commented on the poor heating and ventilation in the City Hall Chamber. The established cost of repairs to Campeau Corporation, the landlord, was $23,227. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.
March 6, 1981
Darn Perley mentioned in his column that a number of people had spoken to him about the possibility of setting up a community orchestra or band. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.
March 6, 1981
It was announced that the City of Kanata had received petitions asking that Young Road not be closed off to Highway 7, as planned. Council was of the opinion that the closing was a requirement of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.
March 6, 1981
A letter was received from the Ontario Humane Society asking for Kanata City Council's support in opposing a government-proposed change in the law which would permit private zoos of wild animals. Their objection was because of a fear of the spread of rabies and the negative effects on the animals. A motion to look into the matter was passed by Council. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:2.
March 6, 1981
Eva James noted in the Bridlewood Pony that Bridlewood's winter carnival had been "very successful despite the lack of snow." Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.
March 6, 1981
It was reported that Robin McLeish, of Kanata, won the Canadian Downhill Skiing Championships. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:4.
March 6, 1981
Ruth Fortune wrote an article in the Kanata Standard regarding the success of Earl of March's Co-operative Education Programme. The program was founded in 1978 by E.O.M. teachers John Lyon and Gerry Clarke. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:6.
March 6, 1981
Mary Cook, author of two books, "Time to Blow Out the Lamp," and "A Collector's Stories and Recipes," spoke to two grade 6 classes at Stephen Leacock Public School. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:6.
March 6, 1981
Bob Mitchell, MPP, Carleton, announced that tenders were being called for the construction of an Ontario Provincial Police detachment building in Kanata, for the Ministry of the Solicitor General. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:9.
March 6, 1981
The Kanata Standard announced that Mayor Marianne Wilkinson had signed a proclamation naming March Arthritis Month in Kanata. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:10.
March 9, 1981
It was established that the Kanata Little League Baseball and Softball Association would be the only association to administer a ball program in the city of Kanata. For this reason, wrote the Kanata Standard, the March Softball Association was dissolved and all its liabilities and assets were transferred over to the new association. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:17.
March 10, 1981
La Leche League of Kanata held a meeting to discuss "The Advantages of Breast Feeding." Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:10.
March 11, 1981
The western finalist for the annual Carleton Public Speaking Contest was Michael Reid from Bell's Corners Public School. His subject was "inventions." Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:4.
March 14, 1981
The Hazeldean District Brownies and Guides held their annual tea, bake sale, and bazaar. March 6, 1981:8.
March 14-15
The Glen Cairn Midget Bobcats, coached by Val Townsend, Norm Brownlee, and Wayne Taylor, won a midget house league tournament in Potsdam, New York. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:17.
March 15, 1981
Archbishop A. Plourde recently announced the appointment of Rev. Peter Schonenbach from St. Elizabeth's Parish in Ottawa as the new Roman Catholic Pastor for Kanata and Stittsville. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:26.
March 17, 1981
Mayor Marianne Wilkinson declared April Cancer Month in the City of Kanata after the City was presented with of a bowl of daffodils from the Canadian Cancer Society. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:5.
March 17, 1981
An objection by residents of Casgrain Court to the proposed operation of a truck rental business at the Kanata Esso Station on Teron Road was referred to City staff. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:5.
March 17, 1981
Professionals located in Eagleson Plaza lodged a request to Kanata City Council for the completion of Kakulu Road. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:5.
March 19, 1981
Kanata Seniors’ Happy Companions enjoyed an Activity Day at March Central where they learned how to make cloth flowers and Easter Bunny label pins. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:5.
March 20, 1981
Hal Hansen, trustee for the Carleton School Board, announced that the Ontario Public School Men Teachers Federation presented Diamond Jubilee Awards to four people, including former CBE trustee Eric Hicks. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:6.
March 20, 1981
It was announced that the Regional Planning Committee decided to accept an amendment to the Regional Plan requested by Campeau Corporation regarding the development of the Lakeside area surrounding the Beaver Pond. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:1.
March 20, 1981
It was reported that the Beaverbrook pool may not open in 1981 because of cracks in the side and bottom of the main pool. March 20, 1981:1.
March 20, 1981
Don Kennedy of the land development division announced that despite the decision of the Campeau Corporation to stop building residences in the Ottawa area, building would proceed in the Marchwood-Lakeside development. March 20, 1981:1.
March 20, 1981
Dan Perley announced that the new March Rural Association met to elect five new officers: President--Art Veck, Secretary--Leanne Dwyer, and Treasurer--Moira Dunbar. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:12.
March 20, 1981
A volunteer task force working with the Kanata Beaverbrook Community Association announced that it was considering the benefits of conversion to natural gas for home heating. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:14.
March 20, 1981
It was announced that the Glen Cairn Figure Skating Club placed third in club standings at the 1981 Ottawa-Hull Interskate Competition held in the Bob Guertin Arena in Hull. The March Kanata Skating Club placed tenth. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:20,21.
March 20, 1981
The Kanata Standard announced that the boundaries for the new Roman Catholic Church to be build in Kanata had been decided upon by the archbishop and members of the metropolitan chapter. The new parish would include Amberwood, Bridlewood, Glen Cairn, Fringewood Village, Hazeldean North, Katimavik, and Stittsville. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981:22.
March 21, 1981
The Minor Hockey Association held a fundraising dinner dance at the Bridlewood Community Centre. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:3.
March 21, 1981
The Bridlewood Community Association held a dance to celebrate spring and St. Patrick's Day that was attended by 113 people. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:3.
March 23, 1981
The Kanata Kids Association sponsored a bowling excursion. Kanata Standard, March 20, 1981.
March 25-27, 1981
The Glen Cairn Minor Peewee Hockey team took home the trophy from a tournament in Orleans. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:16.
March 26-29, 1981
The Kanata Tyke Blazers won the third Annual Novice Hockey Tournament in Dollard des Ormeaux, Quebec. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:14.
April 1, 1981
The inaugural meeting of the Kanata Business Association was held at the Mlacak Centre. The Association was established to "provide local businesses with the method to discuss concerns, problems, and interests, and bring them to the attention of appropriate groups." Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:6.
April 1, 1981
The first annual meeting of the Kanata Business Association was held and a board was elected: President--Clarence Maheral, Vice-President--Tony Jarvis, Secretary-Treasurer--Andy Robinson. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:1,4.
April 3, 1981
Gordon Marwood noted in the Kanata Standard that spring had brought forward both the construction of the new Kanata police station and the Katimavik Elementary School. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:1.
April 3, 1981
Douglas Wiseman, Minister of Government Services, announced that a $1,185 contract had been awarded to M. J. Lafortune Construction Ltd. of Ottawa for the construction of the Ontario Provincial Police detachment building in Kanata. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:3.
April 3, 1981
Mayor Marianne Wilkinson mentioned in her Commentary that the City of Kanata had received an Interim Report on the study of the City's recreation facilities. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:6.
April 4, 1981
St. Isidore's Parish sponsored a Pub Night at the Parish Hall, South March, featuring Dominic D'Arcy. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:10.
April 4-5, 1981
The Kanata Theatre presented "The Silver Whistle" by Patrick B Mace, directed by Eileen Morand. Kanata Standard, March 6, 1981:17.
April 5, 1981
Bill Sawchuck gave a talk about Telidon, "one of the newest communication devices," at the Mlacak Centre. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:7.
April 5, 1981
A ceremony was held at Ridgemont High School for the Girl Guides of Canada, during which Canada Cords were presented to: Stacey McKay, Alicia Bennett, and Carol McLean. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:11.
April 5 - 11, 1981
Proclaimed Air Cadet Week in the City of Kanata by Mayor Marianne Wilkinson. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:13.
April 6, 1981
The new executive was elected for the Kanata Ladies Bowling League: President--Ann Harris, Vice-President--Margo MacLaurin, Secretary--Faye Larwill, Treasurer--Shelley O'Dell. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:16.
April 8, 1981
Akela John van Abbema, of the Panther Club Pack, arranged for the Ontario Provincial Police to bring their Dog Patrol team to Roger St. Denis school. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:11.
April 8, 1981
The operating budget of the City of Kanata for 1981 was presented to the public. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:4.
April 8, 1981
The Carleton Board of Education and the Teachers' Federation of Carleton attended a signing ceremony where they ratified a new Collective Agreement for elementary school teachers. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:8.
April 8, 1981
The new executive for the March Kanata Skating Club was elected: President and Pro Liaison--Keith Hooey, Vice-President and Sectionals Chairman--Donna Lund, Secretary--Diana Callahan, Treasurer--Paul Richardson. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:20.
April 9, 1981
The new executive for the Glen Cairn Figure Skating Club was elected: President--Joan Dowling, Vice-President--Donna Sparling, Treasurer--Rheal Dorie, Secretary--Marilyn Holden. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:20.
April 9, 1981
The first meeting was held of those interested in forming a Kanata band. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:5.
April 11, 1981
The Kanata Scouting Troop held their 3rd Annual Scout Bike Exchange at Earl of March High School. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:11.
April 11, 1981
The Kanata Kids Association held its election: President--Alex Munter (acclamation), Vice-President--Laura Kyswaty, Secretary-Treasurer--Helen Reeve, Kids Rep--Richard Munter. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:15.
April 14, 1981
The Family Enrichment Association invited parents and children between the ages of 8 and 12 to attend a film and discussion period dealing with peer pressure. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:7.
April 16, 1981
Norpak Ltd., a fast-growing manufacturer of electronic display processing equipment, that was involved in the heralded Telidon programme, was to be one of the first occupants of the South Business Park in Katimavik. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:1.
April 16, 1981
Mayor Marianne Wilkinson mentioned in her Commentary that there had been two serious incidents with B-B-Guns and Air Guns -- one where a car window was shattered by a pellet and a second where two children were hit by air pellets in the back. The mayor's comments served as a reminder that Kanata by-laws prohibit the discharge of any firearm within the entire southern half of the city. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:2.
April 16, 1981
A.Y. Jackson Secondary School in Kanata announced that it would introduce a semester system in the fall as well as an adult day programme. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:13.
April 16, 1981
The Kanata Standard noted that Stephen Dyment, a grade 8 student at Stephen Leacock Public School, had represented the Kanata area in the semi-finals of the Carleton Board of Education's English Public Speaking Contest in March. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:7.
April 16, 1981
The Kanata Standard announced that Matthew Beddoes, a grade 7 student at Stephen Leacock School was successful in an audition held at the National Arts Centre for parts in the opera "Midsummer Nights Dream" by Benjamin Britten. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:11.
April 21, 1981
The First Unitarian Church held an art show featuring the works of Ohyllis Ross, oils, and Roy Cottee, water colours. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:18.
April 21, 1981
A deputation of 15 residents, led by Glen Cairn Ball Association Graham Ball and Scheduling Manager Tom Flood, presented a case to Kanata City Council against the proposed maintenance costs charged by Council. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:2.
April 21, 1981
A deputation of Casgrain Court residents, led by Jerry Bellamo, presented residents' concerns over noise that might result from the changed use of the Kanata Esso site. The Planning Board had previously passed a motion to allow Kanata Esso to add a truck rental area to its existing site. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:2.
April 23, 1981
In honour of April being Cancer Month, the Canadian Cancer Society offered two free Breast Self-Examination Clinics in the Ottawa area. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:19.
April 25, 1981
The March Montessori School held its third annual baby clothing and equipment sale in the Beaverbrook Mall. Kanata Standard, April 16, 1981:12.
April 25, 1981
A Spring Dance was held in the foyer of Earl of March Secondary School, sponsored by the school's music department. Kanata Standard, April 3, 1981:11.
April 25, 1981
The Kanata Ladies' Bowling League held their Annual Banquet and Presentations at the RA Centre. The top honour of League Winner was achieved by Team No 11: Captain Lois Smit, Janet MacLennan, Anne Schryburt, and Beth Woodburn. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:15.
April 25, 1981
The 2nd Annual Toothbrush Swap was held at Hazeldean Mall. Kanata Standard, May 15, 1981:13.
April 28, 1981
The Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton's Planning Board heard from residents regarding Campeau Corporation's application to amend the Regional Official Plan in the Lakeside area of Kanata. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:1.
April 28, 1981
In a Committee-of-the-whole meeting, the Kanata City Council heard from Sandra Reain concerning the desire of residents for an indoor pool in Kanata. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:1.
April 28, 1981
Council discussed the renovation of the Old Town Hall in South March. Following a request by the South March Women's Institute in 1980, Council had passed a resolution to determine the soundness of the structure. Having found the structure sound, Mayor Marianne Wilkinson pointed out the possibility of having it designated as a Heritage building. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:6.
April 28, 1981
There was discussion at the Kanata City Council meeting about an application understood to be in the works for a four-theatre cinema with a total seating capacity of 600 seats. Kanata Standard, May 1, 1981:4.
Tobacco-use can result in health problems that are significant and tobacco/nicotine dependency. Stopping smoking greatly decreases the risk of developing smoking -associated conditions.I have unable to get any respected scientific study that supports in conclusion that quit smoking laser
Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is art that is written, painted or drawn on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire (see also mural).
Graffiti is a controversial subject. In most countries, marking or painting property without permission is considered by property owners and civic authorities as defacement and vandalism, which is a punishable crime, citing the use of graffiti by street gangs to mark territory or to serve as an indicator of gang-related activities. Graffiti has become visualized as a growing urban "problem" for many cities in industrialized nations, spreading from the New York City subway system and Philadelphia in the early 1970s to the rest of the United States and Europe and other world regions
"Graffiti" (usually both singular and plural) and the rare singular form "graffito" are from the Italian word graffiato ("scratched"). The term "graffiti" is used in art history for works of art produced by scratching a design into a surface. A related term is "sgraffito", which involves scratching through one layer of pigment to reveal another beneath it. This technique was primarily used by potters who would glaze their wares and then scratch a design into them. In ancient times graffiti were carved on walls with a sharp object, although sometimes chalk or coal were used. The word originates from Greek γράφειν—graphein—meaning "to write".
The term graffiti originally referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, and such, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, as in the Catacombs of Rome or at Pompeii. Historically, these writings were not considered vanadlism, which today is considered part of the definition of graffiti.
The only known source of the Safaitic language, an ancient form of Arabic, is from graffiti: inscriptions scratched on to the surface of rocks and boulders in the predominantly basalt desert of southern Syria, eastern Jordan and northern Saudi Arabia. Safaitic dates from the first century BC to the fourth century AD.
Some of the oldest cave paintings in the world are 40,000 year old ones found in Australia. The oldest written graffiti was found in ancient Rome around 2500 years ago. Most graffiti from the time was boasts about sexual experiences Graffiti in Ancient Rome was a form of communication, and was not considered vandalism.
Ancient tourists visiting the 5th-century citadel at Sigiriya in Sri Lanka write their names and commentary over the "mirror wall", adding up to over 1800 individual graffiti produced there between the 6th and 18th centuries. Most of the graffiti refer to the frescoes of semi-nude females found there. One reads:
Wet with cool dew drops
fragrant with perfume from the flowers
came the gentle breeze
jasmine and water lily
dance in the spring sunshine
side-long glances
of the golden-hued ladies
stab into my thoughts
heaven itself cannot take my mind
as it has been captivated by one lass
among the five hundred I have seen here.
Among the ancient political graffiti examples were Arab satirist poems. Yazid al-Himyari, an Umayyad Arab and Persian poet, was most known for writing his political poetry on the walls between Sajistan and Basra, manifesting a strong hatred towards the Umayyad regime and its walis, and people used to read and circulate them very widely.
Graffiti, known as Tacherons, were frequently scratched on Romanesque Scandinavian church walls. When Renaissance artists such as Pinturicchio, Raphael, Michelangelo, Ghirlandaio, or Filippino Lippi descended into the ruins of Nero's Domus Aurea, they carved or painted their names and returned to initiate the grottesche style of decoration.
There are also examples of graffiti occurring in American history, such as Independence Rock, a national landmark along the Oregon Trail.
Later, French soldiers carved their names on monuments during the Napoleonic campaign of Egypt in the 1790s. Lord Byron's survives on one of the columns of the Temple of Poseidon at Cape Sounion in Attica, Greece.
The oldest known example of graffiti "monikers" found on traincars created by hobos and railworkers since the late 1800s. The Bozo Texino monikers were documented by filmmaker Bill Daniel in his 2005 film, Who is Bozo Texino?.
In World War II, an inscription on a wall at the fortress of Verdun was seen as an illustration of the US response twice in a generation to the wrongs of the Old World:
During World War II and for decades after, the phrase "Kilroy was here" with an accompanying illustration was widespread throughout the world, due to its use by American troops and ultimately filtering into American popular culture. Shortly after the death of Charlie Parker (nicknamed "Yardbird" or "Bird"), graffiti began appearing around New York with the words "Bird Lives".
Modern graffiti art has its origins with young people in 1960s and 70s in New York City and Philadelphia. Tags were the first form of stylised contemporary graffiti. Eventually, throw-ups and pieces evolved with the desire to create larger art. Writers used spray paint and other kind of materials to leave tags or to create images on the sides subway trains. and eventually moved into the city after the NYC metro began to buy new trains and paint over graffiti.
While the art had many advocates and appreciators—including the cultural critic Norman Mailer—others, including New York City mayor Ed Koch, considered it to be defacement of public property, and saw it as a form of public blight. The ‘taggers’ called what they did ‘writing’—though an important 1974 essay by Mailer referred to it using the term ‘graffiti.’
Contemporary graffiti style has been heavily influenced by hip hop culture and the myriad international styles derived from Philadelphia and New York City Subway graffiti; however, there are many other traditions of notable graffiti in the twentieth century. Graffiti have long appeared on building walls, in latrines, railroad boxcars, subways, and bridges.
An early graffito outside of New York or Philadelphia was the inscription in London reading "Clapton is God" in reference to the guitarist Eric Clapton. Creating the cult of the guitar hero, the phrase was spray-painted by an admirer on a wall in an Islington, north London in the autumn of 1967. The graffito was captured in a photograph, in which a dog is urinating on the wall.
Films like Style Wars in the 80s depicting famous writers such as Skeme, Dondi, MinOne, and ZEPHYR reinforced graffiti's role within New York's emerging hip-hop culture. Although many officers of the New York City Police Department found this film to be controversial, Style Wars is still recognized as the most prolific film representation of what was going on within the young hip hop culture of the early 1980s. Fab 5 Freddy and Futura 2000 took hip hop graffiti to Paris and London as part of the New York City Rap Tour in 1983
Commercialization and entrance into mainstream pop culture
Main article: Commercial graffiti
With the popularity and legitimization of graffiti has come a level of commercialization. In 2001, computer giant IBM launched an advertising campaign in Chicago and San Francisco which involved people spray painting on sidewalks a peace symbol, a heart, and a penguin (Linux mascot), to represent "Peace, Love, and Linux." IBM paid Chicago and San Francisco collectively US$120,000 for punitive damages and clean-up costs.
In 2005, a similar ad campaign was launched by Sony and executed by its advertising agency in New York, Chicago, Atlanta, Philadelphia, Los Angeles, and Miami, to market its handheld PSP gaming system. In this campaign, taking notice of the legal problems of the IBM campaign, Sony paid building owners for the rights to paint on their buildings "a collection of dizzy-eyed urban kids playing with the PSP as if it were a skateboard, a paddle, or a rocking horse".
Tristan Manco wrote that Brazil "boasts a unique and particularly rich, graffiti scene ... [earning] it an international reputation as the place to go for artistic inspiration". Graffiti "flourishes in every conceivable space in Brazil's cities". Artistic parallels "are often drawn between the energy of São Paulo today and 1970s New York". The "sprawling metropolis", of São Paulo has "become the new shrine to graffiti"; Manco alludes to "poverty and unemployment ... [and] the epic struggles and conditions of the country's marginalised peoples", and to "Brazil's chronic poverty", as the main engines that "have fuelled a vibrant graffiti culture". In world terms, Brazil has "one of the most uneven distributions of income. Laws and taxes change frequently". Such factors, Manco argues, contribute to a very fluid society, riven with those economic divisions and social tensions that underpin and feed the "folkloric vandalism and an urban sport for the disenfranchised", that is South American graffiti art.
Prominent Brazilian writers include Os Gêmeos, Boleta, Nunca, Nina, Speto, Tikka, and T.Freak. Their artistic success and involvement in commercial design ventures has highlighted divisions within the Brazilian graffiti community between adherents of the cruder transgressive form of pichação and the more conventionally artistic values of the practitioners of grafite.
Graffiti in the Middle East has emerged slowly, with taggers operating in Egypt, Lebanon, the Gulf countries like Bahrain or the United Arab Emirates, Israel, and in Iran. The major Iranian newspaper Hamshahri has published two articles on illegal writers in the city with photographic coverage of Iranian artist A1one's works on Tehran walls. Tokyo-based design magazine, PingMag, has interviewed A1one and featured photographs of his work. The Israeli West Bank barrier has become a site for graffiti, reminiscent in this sense of the Berlin Wall. Many writers in Israel come from other places around the globe, such as JUIF from Los Angeles and DEVIONE from London. The religious reference "נ נח נחמ נחמן מאומן" ("Na Nach Nachma Nachman Meuman") is commonly seen in graffiti around Israel.
Graffiti has played an important role within the street art scene in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), especially following the events of the Arab Spring of 2011 or the Sudanese Revolution of 2018/19. Graffiti is a tool of expression in the context of conflict in the region, allowing people to raise their voices politically and socially. Famous street artist Banksy has had an important effect in the street art scene in the MENA area, especially in Palestine where some of his works are located in the West Bank barrier and Bethlehem.
There are also a large number of graffiti influences in Southeast Asian countries that mostly come from modern Western culture, such as Malaysia, where graffiti have long been a common sight in Malaysia's capital city, Kuala Lumpur. Since 2010, the country has begun hosting a street festival to encourage all generations and people from all walks of life to enjoy and encourage Malaysian street culture.
The modern-day graffitists can be found with an arsenal of various materials that allow for a successful production of a piece. This includes such techniques as scribing. However, spray paint in aerosol cans is the number one medium for graffiti. From this commodity comes different styles, technique, and abilities to form master works of graffiti. Spray paint can be found at hardware and art stores and comes in virtually every color.
Stencil graffiti is created by cutting out shapes and designs in a stiff material (such as cardboard or subject folders) to form an overall design or image. The stencil is then placed on the "canvas" gently and with quick, easy strokes of the aerosol can, the image begins to appear on the intended surface.
Some of the first examples were created in 1981 by artists Blek le Rat in Paris, in 1982 by Jef Aerosol in Tours (France); by 1985 stencils had appeared in other cities including New York City, Sydney, and Melbourne, where they were documented by American photographer Charles Gatewood and Australian photographer Rennie Ellis
Tagging is the practice of someone spray-painting "their name, initial or logo onto a public surface" in a handstyle unique to the writer. Tags were the first form of modern graffiti.
Modern graffiti art often incorporates additional arts and technologies. For example, Graffiti Research Lab has encouraged the use of projected images and magnetic light-emitting diodes (throwies) as new media for graffitists. yarnbombing is another recent form of graffiti. Yarnbombers occasionally target previous graffiti for modification, which had been avoided among the majority of graffitists.
Theories on the use of graffiti by avant-garde artists have a history dating back at least to the Asger Jorn, who in 1962 painting declared in a graffiti-like gesture "the avant-garde won't give up"
Many contemporary analysts and even art critics have begun to see artistic value in some graffiti and to recognize it as a form of public art. According to many art researchers, particularly in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles, that type of public art is, in fact an effective tool of social emancipation or, in the achievement of a political goal
In times of conflict, such murals have offered a means of communication and self-expression for members of these socially, ethnically, or racially divided communities, and have proven themselves as effective tools in establishing dialog and thus, of addressing cleavages in the long run. The Berlin Wall was also extensively covered by graffiti reflecting social pressures relating to the oppressive Soviet rule over the GDR.
Many artists involved with graffiti are also concerned with the similar activity of stenciling. Essentially, this entails stenciling a print of one or more colors using spray-paint. Recognized while exhibiting and publishing several of her coloured stencils and paintings portraying the Sri Lankan Civil War and urban Britain in the early 2000s, graffitists Mathangi Arulpragasam, aka M.I.A., has also become known for integrating her imagery of political violence into her music videos for singles "Galang" and "Bucky Done Gun", and her cover art. Stickers of her artwork also often appear around places such as London in Brick Lane, stuck to lamp posts and street signs, she having become a muse for other graffitists and painters worldwide in cities including Seville.
Graffitist believes that art should be on display for everyone in the public eye or in plain sight, not hidden away in a museum or a gallery. Art should color the streets, not the inside of some building. Graffiti is a form of art that cannot be owned or bought. It does not last forever, it is temporary, yet one of a kind. It is a form of self promotion for the artist that can be displayed anywhere form sidewalks, roofs, subways, building wall, etc. Art to them is for everyone and should be showed to everyone for free.
Graffiti is a way of communicating and a way of expressing what one feels in the moment. It is both art and a functional thing that can warn people of something or inform people of something. However, graffiti is to some people a form of art, but to some a form of vandalism. And many graffitists choose to protect their identities and remain anonymous or to hinder prosecution.
With the commercialization of graffiti (and hip hop in general), in most cases, even with legally painted "graffiti" art, graffitists tend to choose anonymity. This may be attributed to various reasons or a combination of reasons. Graffiti still remains the one of four hip hop elements that is not considered "performance art" despite the image of the "singing and dancing star" that sells hip hop culture to the mainstream. Being a graphic form of art, it might also be said that many graffitists still fall in the category of the introverted archetypal artist.
Banksy is one of the world's most notorious and popular street artists who continues to remain faceless in today's society. He is known for his political, anti-war stencil art mainly in Bristol, England, but his work may be seen anywhere from Los Angeles to Palestine. In the UK, Banksy is the most recognizable icon for this cultural artistic movement and keeps his identity a secret to avoid arrest. Much of Banksy's artwork may be seen around the streets of London and surrounding suburbs, although he has painted pictures throughout the world, including the Middle East, where he has painted on Israel's controversial West Bank barrier with satirical images of life on the other side. One depicted a hole in the wall with an idyllic beach, while another shows a mountain landscape on the other side. A number of exhibitions also have taken place since 2000, and recent works of art have fetched vast sums of money. Banksy's art is a prime example of the classic controversy: vandalism vs. art. Art supporters endorse his work distributed in urban areas as pieces of art and some councils, such as Bristol and Islington, have officially protected them, while officials of other areas have deemed his work to be vandalism and have removed it.
Pixnit is another artist who chooses to keep her identity from the general public. Her work focuses on beauty and design aspects of graffiti as opposed to Banksy's anti-government shock value. Her paintings are often of flower designs above shops and stores in her local urban area of Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some store owners endorse her work and encourage others to do similar work as well. "One of the pieces was left up above Steve's Kitchen, because it looks pretty awesome"- Erin Scott, the manager of New England Comics in Allston, Massachusetts.
Graffiti artists may become offended if photographs of their art are published in a commercial context without their permission. In March 2020, the Finnish graffiti artist Psyke expressed his displeasure at the newspaper Ilta-Sanomat publishing a photograph of a Peugeot 208 in an article about new cars, with his graffiti prominently shown on the background. The artist claims he does not want his art being used in commercial context, not even if he were to receive compensation.
Territorial graffiti marks urban neighborhoods with tags and logos to differentiate certain groups from others. These images are meant to show outsiders a stern look at whose turf is whose. The subject matter of gang-related graffiti consists of cryptic symbols and initials strictly fashioned with unique calligraphies. Gang members use graffiti to designate membership throughout the gang, to differentiate rivals and associates and, most commonly, to mark borders which are both territorial and ideological.
Graffiti has been used as a means of advertising both legally and illegally. Bronx-based TATS CRU has made a name for themselves doing legal advertising campaigns for companies such as Coca-Cola, McDonald's, Toyota, and MTV. In the UK, Covent Garden's Boxfresh used stencil images of a Zapatista revolutionary in the hopes that cross referencing would promote their store.
Smirnoff hired artists to use reverse graffiti (the use of high pressure hoses to clean dirty surfaces to leave a clean image in the surrounding dirt) to increase awareness of their product.
Graffiti often has a reputation as part of a subculture that rebels against authority, although the considerations of the practitioners often diverge and can relate to a wide range of attitudes. It can express a political practice and can form just one tool in an array of resistance techniques. One early example includes the anarcho-punk band Crass, who conducted a campaign of stenciling anti-war, anarchist, feminist, and anti-consumerist messages throughout the London Underground system during the late 1970s and early 1980s. In Amsterdam graffiti was a major part of the punk scene. The city was covered with names such as "De Zoot", "Vendex", and "Dr Rat". To document the graffiti a punk magazine was started that was called Gallery Anus. So when hip hop came to Europe in the early 1980s there was already a vibrant graffiti culture.
The student protests and general strike of May 1968 saw Paris bedecked in revolutionary, anarchistic, and situationist slogans such as L'ennui est contre-révolutionnaire ("Boredom is counterrevolutionary") and Lisez moins, vivez plus ("Read less, live more"). While not exhaustive, the graffiti gave a sense of the 'millenarian' and rebellious spirit, tempered with a good deal of verbal wit, of the strikers.
I think graffiti writing is a way of defining what our generation is like. Excuse the French, we're not a bunch of p---- artists. Traditionally artists have been considered soft and mellow people, a little bit kooky. Maybe we're a little bit more like pirates that way. We defend our territory, whatever space we steal to paint on, we defend it fiercely.
The developments of graffiti art which took place in art galleries and colleges as well as "on the street" or "underground", contributed to the resurfacing in the 1990s of a far more overtly politicized art form in the subvertising, culture jamming, or tactical media movements. These movements or styles tend to classify the artists by their relationship to their social and economic contexts, since, in most countries, graffiti art remains illegal in many forms except when using non-permanent paint. Since the 1990s with the rise of Street Art, a growing number of artists are switching to non-permanent paints and non-traditional forms of painting.
Contemporary practitioners, accordingly, have varied and often conflicting practices. Some individuals, such as Alexander Brener, have used the medium to politicize other art forms, and have used the prison sentences enforced on them as a means of further protest. The practices of anonymous groups and individuals also vary widely, and practitioners by no means always agree with each other's practices. For example, the anti-capitalist art group the Space Hijackers did a piece in 2004 about the contradiction between the capitalistic elements of Banksy and his use of political imagery.
Berlin human rights activist Irmela Mensah-Schramm has received global media attention and numerous awards for her 35-year campaign of effacing neo-Nazi and other right-wing extremist graffiti throughout Germany, often by altering hate speech in humorous ways.
In Serbian capital, Belgrade, the graffiti depicting a uniformed former general of Serb army and war criminal, convicted at ICTY for war crimes and crimes against humanity, including genocide and ethnic cleansing in Bosnian War, Ratko Mladić, appeared in a military salute alongside the words "General, thank to your mother". Aleks Eror, Berlin-based journalist, explains how "veneration of historical and wartime figures" through street art is not a new phenomenon in the region of former Yugoslavia, and that "in most cases is firmly focused on the future, rather than retelling the past". Eror is not only analyst pointing to danger of such an expressions for the region's future. In a long expose on the subject of Bosnian genocide denial, at Balkan Diskurs magazine and multimedia platform website, Kristina Gadže and Taylor Whitsell referred to these experiences as a young generations' "cultural heritage", in which young are being exposed to celebration and affirmation of war-criminals as part of their "formal education" and "inheritance".
There are numerous examples of genocide denial through celebration and affirmation of war criminals throughout the region of Western Balkans inhabited by Serbs using this form of artistic expression. Several more of these graffiti are found in Serbian capital, and many more across Serbia and Bosnian and Herzegovinian administrative entity, Republika Srpska, which is the ethnic Serbian majority enclave. Critics point that Serbia as a state, is willing to defend the mural of convicted war criminal, and have no intention to react on cases of genocide denial, noting that Interior Minister of Serbia, Aleksandar Vulin decision to ban any gathering with an intent to remove the mural, with the deployment of riot police, sends the message of "tacit endorsement". Consequently, on 9 November 2021, Serbian heavy police in riot gear, with graffiti creators and their supporters, blocked the access to the mural to prevent human rights groups and other activists to paint over it and mark the International Day Against Fascism and Antisemitism in that way, and even arrested two civic activist for throwing eggs at the graffiti.
Graffiti may also be used as an offensive expression. This form of graffiti may be difficult to identify, as it is mostly removed by the local authority (as councils which have adopted strategies of criminalization also strive to remove graffiti quickly). Therefore, existing racist graffiti is mostly more subtle and at first sight, not easily recognized as "racist". It can then be understood only if one knows the relevant "local code" (social, historical, political, temporal, and spatial), which is seen as heteroglot and thus a 'unique set of conditions' in a cultural context.
A spatial code for example, could be that there is a certain youth group in an area that is engaging heavily in racist activities. So, for residents (knowing the local code), a graffiti containing only the name or abbreviation of this gang already is a racist expression, reminding the offended people of their gang activities. Also a graffiti is in most cases, the herald of more serious criminal activity to come. A person who does not know these gang activities would not be able to recognize the meaning of this graffiti. Also if a tag of this youth group or gang is placed on a building occupied by asylum seekers, for example, its racist character is even stronger.
By making the graffiti less explicit (as adapted to social and legal constraints), these drawings are less likely to be removed, but do not lose their threatening and offensive character.
Elsewhere, activists in Russia have used painted caricatures of local officials with their mouths as potholes, to show their anger about the poor state of the roads. In Manchester, England, a graffitists painted obscene images around potholes, which often resulted in them being repaired within 48 hours.
In the early 1980s, the first art galleries to show graffitists to the public were Fashion Moda in the Bronx, Now Gallery and Fun Gallery, both in the East Village, Manhattan.
A 2006 exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum displayed graffiti as an art form that began in New York's outer boroughs and reached great heights in the early 1980s with the work of Crash, Lee, Daze, Keith Haring, and Jean-Michel Basquiat. It displayed 22 works by New York graffitists, including Crash, Daze, and Lady Pink. In an article about the exhibition in the magazine Time Out, curator Charlotta Kotik said that she hoped the exhibition would cause viewers to rethink their assumptions about graffiti.
From the 1970s onwards, Burhan Doğançay photographed urban walls all over the world; these he then archived for use as sources of inspiration for his painterly works. The project today known as "Walls of the World" grew beyond even his own expectations and comprises about 30,000 individual images. It spans a period of 40 years across five continents and 114 countries. In 1982, photographs from this project comprised a one-man exhibition titled "Les murs murmurent, ils crient, ils chantent ..." (The walls whisper, shout and sing ...) at the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.
In Australia, art historians have judged some local graffiti of sufficient creative merit to rank them firmly within the arts. Oxford University Press's art history text Australian Painting 1788–2000 concludes with a long discussion of graffiti's key place within contemporary visual culture, including the work of several Australian practitioners.
Between March and April 2009, 150 artists exhibited 300 pieces of graffiti at the Grand Palais in Paris.
Spray paint has many negative environmental effects. The paint contains toxic chemicals, and the can uses volatile hydrocarbon gases to spray the paint onto a surface.
Volatile organic compound (VOC) leads to ground level ozone formation and most of graffiti related emissions are VOCs. A 2010 paper estimates 4,862 tons of VOCs were released in the United States in activities related to graffiti.
In China, Mao Zedong in the 1920s used revolutionary slogans and paintings in public places to galvanize the country's communist movement.
Based on different national conditions, many people believe that China's attitude towards Graffiti is fierce, but in fact, according to Lance Crayon in his film Spray Paint Beijing: Graffiti in the Capital of China, Graffiti is generally accepted in Beijing, with artists not seeing much police interference. Political and religiously sensitive graffiti, however, is not allowed.
In Hong Kong, Tsang Tsou Choi was known as the King of Kowloon for his calligraphy graffiti over many years, in which he claimed ownership of the area. Now some of his work is preserved officially.
In Taiwan, the government has made some concessions to graffitists. Since 2005 they have been allowed to freely display their work along some sections of riverside retaining walls in designated "Graffiti Zones". From 2007, Taipei's department of cultural affairs also began permitting graffiti on fences around major public construction sites. Department head Yong-ping Lee (李永萍) stated, "We will promote graffiti starting with the public sector, and then later in the private sector too. It's our goal to beautify the city with graffiti". The government later helped organize a graffiti contest in Ximending, a popular shopping district. graffitists caught working outside of these designated areas still face fines up to NT$6,000 under a department of environmental protection regulation. However, Taiwanese authorities can be relatively lenient, one veteran police officer stating anonymously, "Unless someone complains about vandalism, we won't get involved. We don't go after it proactively."
In 1993, after several expensive cars in Singapore were spray-painted, the police arrested a student from the Singapore American School, Michael P. Fay, questioned him, and subsequently charged him with vandalism. Fay pleaded guilty to vandalizing a car in addition to stealing road signs. Under the 1966 Vandalism Act of Singapore, originally passed to curb the spread of communist graffiti in Singapore, the court sentenced him to four months in jail, a fine of S$3,500 (US$2,233), and a caning. The New York Times ran several editorials and op-eds that condemned the punishment and called on the American public to flood the Singaporean embassy with protests. Although the Singapore government received many calls for clemency, Fay's caning took place in Singapore on 5 May 1994. Fay had originally received a sentence of six strokes of the cane, but the presiding president of Singapore, Ong Teng Cheong, agreed to reduce his caning sentence to four lashes.
In South Korea, Park Jung-soo was fined two million South Korean won by the Seoul Central District Court for spray-painting a rat on posters of the G-20 Summit a few days before the event in November 2011. Park alleged that the initial in "G-20" sounds like the Korean word for "rat", but Korean government prosecutors alleged that Park was making a derogatory statement about the president of South Korea, Lee Myung-bak, the host of the summit. This case led to public outcry and debate on the lack of government tolerance and in support of freedom of expression. The court ruled that the painting, "an ominous creature like a rat" amounts to "an organized criminal activity" and upheld the fine while denying the prosecution's request for imprisonment for Park.
In Europe, community cleaning squads have responded to graffiti, in some cases with reckless abandon, as when in 1992 in France a local Scout group, attempting to remove modern graffiti, damaged two prehistoric paintings of bison in the Cave of Mayrière supérieure near the French village of Bruniquel in Tarn-et-Garonne, earning them the 1992 Ig Nobel Prize in archeology.
In September 2006, the European Parliament directed the European Commission to create urban environment policies to prevent and eliminate dirt, litter, graffiti, animal excrement, and excessive noise from domestic and vehicular music systems in European cities, along with other concerns over urban life.
In Budapest, Hungary, both a city-backed movement called I Love Budapest and a special police division tackle the problem, including the provision of approved areas.
The Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 became Britain's latest anti-graffiti legislation. In August 2004, the Keep Britain Tidy campaign issued a press release calling for zero tolerance of graffiti and supporting proposals such as issuing "on the spot" fines to graffiti offenders and banning the sale of aerosol paint to anyone under the age of 16. The press release also condemned the use of graffiti images in advertising and in music videos, arguing that real-world experience of graffiti stood far removed from its often-portrayed "cool" or "edgy'" image.
To back the campaign, 123 Members of Parliament (MPs) (including then Prime Minister Tony Blair), signed a charter which stated: "Graffiti is not art, it's crime. On behalf of my constituents, I will do all I can to rid our community of this problem."
In the UK, city councils have the power to take action against the owner of any property that has been defaced under the Anti-social Behaviour Act 2003 (as amended by the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005) or, in certain cases, the Highways Act. This is often used against owners of property that are complacent in allowing protective boards to be defaced so long as the property is not damaged.
In July 2008, a conspiracy charge was used to convict graffitists for the first time. After a three-month police surveillance operation, nine members of the DPM crew were convicted of conspiracy to commit criminal damage costing at least £1 million. Five of them received prison sentences, ranging from eighteen months to two years. The unprecedented scale of the investigation and the severity of the sentences rekindled public debate over whether graffiti should be considered art or crime.
Some councils, like those of Stroud and Loerrach, provide approved areas in the town where graffitists can showcase their talents, including underpasses, car parks, and walls that might otherwise prove a target for the "spray and run".
Graffiti Tunnel, University of Sydney at Camperdown (2009)
In an effort to reduce vandalism, many cities in Australia have designated walls or areas exclusively for use by graffitists. One early example is the "Graffiti Tunnel" located at the Camperdown Campus of the University of Sydney, which is available for use by any student at the university to tag, advertise, poster, and paint. Advocates of this idea suggest that this discourages petty vandalism yet encourages artists to take their time and produce great art, without worry of being caught or arrested for vandalism or trespassing.[108][109] Others disagree with this approach, arguing that the presence of legal graffiti walls does not demonstrably reduce illegal graffiti elsewhere. Some local government areas throughout Australia have introduced "anti-graffiti squads", who clean graffiti in the area, and such crews as BCW (Buffers Can't Win) have taken steps to keep one step ahead of local graffiti cleaners.
Many state governments have banned the sale or possession of spray paint to those under the age of 18 (age of majority). However, a number of local governments in Victoria have taken steps to recognize the cultural heritage value of some examples of graffiti, such as prominent political graffiti. Tough new graffiti laws have been introduced in Australia with fines of up to A$26,000 and two years in prison.
Melbourne is a prominent graffiti city of Australia with many of its lanes being tourist attractions, such as Hosier Lane in particular, a popular destination for photographers, wedding photography, and backdrops for corporate print advertising. The Lonely Planet travel guide cites Melbourne's street as a major attraction. All forms of graffiti, including sticker art, poster, stencil art, and wheatpasting, can be found in many places throughout the city. Prominent street art precincts include; Fitzroy, Collingwood, Northcote, Brunswick, St. Kilda, and the CBD, where stencil and sticker art is prominent. As one moves farther away from the city, mostly along suburban train lines, graffiti tags become more prominent. Many international artists such as Banksy have left their work in Melbourne and in early 2008 a perspex screen was installed to prevent a Banksy stencil art piece from being destroyed, it has survived since 2003 through the respect of local street artists avoiding posting over it, although it has recently had paint tipped over it.
In February 2008 Helen Clark, the New Zealand prime minister at that time, announced a government crackdown on tagging and other forms of graffiti vandalism, describing it as a destructive crime representing an invasion of public and private property. New legislation subsequently adopted included a ban on the sale of paint spray cans to persons under 18 and increases in maximum fines for the offence from NZ$200 to NZ$2,000 or extended community service. The issue of tagging become a widely debated one following an incident in Auckland during January 2008 in which a middle-aged property owner stabbed one of two teenage taggers to death and was subsequently convicted of manslaughter.
Graffiti databases have increased in the past decade because they allow vandalism incidents to be fully documented against an offender and help the police and prosecution charge and prosecute offenders for multiple counts of vandalism. They also provide law enforcement the ability to rapidly search for an offender's moniker or tag in a simple, effective, and comprehensive way. These systems can also help track costs of damage to a city to help allocate an anti-graffiti budget. The theory is that when an offender is caught putting up graffiti, they are not just charged with one count of vandalism; they can be held accountable for all the other damage for which they are responsible. This has two main benefits for law enforcement. One, it sends a signal to the offenders that their vandalism is being tracked. Two, a city can seek restitution from offenders for all the damage that they have committed, not merely a single incident. These systems give law enforcement personnel real-time, street-level intelligence that allows them not only to focus on the worst graffiti offenders and their damage, but also to monitor potential gang violence that is associated with the graffiti.
Many restrictions of civil gang injunctions are designed to help address and protect the physical environment and limit graffiti. Provisions of gang injunctions include things such as restricting the possession of marker pens, spray paint cans, or other sharp objects capable of defacing private or public property; spray painting, or marking with marker pens, scratching, applying stickers, or otherwise applying graffiti on any public or private property, including, but not limited to the street, alley, residences, block walls, and fences, vehicles or any other real or personal property. Some injunctions contain wording that restricts damaging or vandalizing both public and private property, including but not limited to any vehicle, light fixture, door, fence, wall, gate, window, building, street sign, utility box, telephone box, tree, or power pole.
To help address many of these issues, many local jurisdictions have set up graffiti abatement hotlines, where citizens can call in and report vandalism and have it removed. San Diego's hotline receives more than 5,000 calls per year, in addition to reporting the graffiti, callers can learn more about prevention. One of the complaints about these hotlines is the response time; there is often a lag time between a property owner calling about the graffiti and its removal. The length of delay should be a consideration for any jurisdiction planning on operating a hotline. Local jurisdictions must convince the callers that their complaint of vandalism will be a priority and cleaned off right away. If the jurisdiction does not have the resources to respond to complaints in a timely manner, the value of the hotline diminishes. Crews must be able to respond to individual service calls made to the graffiti hotline as well as focus on cleanup near schools, parks, and major intersections and transit routes to have the biggest impact. Some cities offer a reward for information leading to the arrest and prosecution of suspects for tagging or graffiti related vandalism. The amount of the reward is based on the information provided, and the action taken.
When police obtain search warrants in connection with a vandalism investigation, they are often seeking judicial approval to look for items such as cans of spray paint and nozzles from other kinds of aerosol sprays; etching tools, or other sharp or pointed objects, which could be used to etch or scratch glass and other hard surfaces; permanent marking pens, markers, or paint sticks; evidence of membership or affiliation with any gang or tagging crew; paraphernalia including any reference to "(tagger's name)"; any drawings, writing, objects, or graffiti depicting taggers' names, initials, logos, monikers, slogans, or any mention of tagging crew membership; and any newspaper clippings relating to graffiti crime.
I was wondering what to do for today, and realised that I hadn't done a clone shot for ages. So this picture rectifies that oversight.
Today is Australia Day, so here I am celebrating my newly adopted country's national day in the garden. We have already been down to the beach this morning, for an hour or so's body-boarding, but we had the traditional barbeque yesterday.
Maya's suggestion for today's shot was that I wear nothing but my Godzilla mask and crocodile posing pouch (as seen, infamously, on Day 2.262), and then clench the stick of the flag between my buttocks. She's 12.
My faces are covered up for FGR.
UPDATE! Our Australia Day has got even happier! We have Oscar back! We got called this afternoon by an elderly couple who live towards the bottom of the mountain. They had found a cockatiel in their garden, and their daughter pointed them to the adverts we had placed in the local paper. We went to their house, and were able to identify him - it was a bit touch and go trying to do it from the photos we had with us, but then I spotted a few fragments of Games Workshop green paint on his belly feathers - the other day he walked over my table whilst I was painting and got marked with some. Identification was confirmed when we got him home; the first thing he did was fly off Maya's finger onto my shoulder. I can't get rid of him now.
And the reason he had gravitated to the old couple's garden? They have an aviary full of cockatiels in their garden :-)
They wouldn't accept the $200 reward we offered.
He's the third cockatiel we've been out to identify since Oscar flew off. I hope that the other two are reunited with their owners as well.
He does have one small problem to deal with though; Maya was so distraught that she bought another cockatiel. Now we have two ...
A year ago today I was back at the Dawn of Man.
The causes of sexual problems are as varied and complex as the human race. Some problems stem from a simple, reversible physical problem. Others can stem from more serious medical conditions, difficult life situations, or emotional problems. Still others have a combination of causes. Any of the following can contribute to sexual problems:
Relationship problems: Discord in other aspects of the relationship, such as distribution of labor, childrearing, or money, can cause sexual problems. Issues of control or even abuse in the relationship are especially harmful to sexual harmony. Such problems can prevent a woman from communicating her sexual wants and needs to her partner.
Emotional problems: Depression, anxiety (about sex or other things), stress, resentment, and guilt can all affect a woman's sexual function.
Insufficient stimulation: A woman's (or her partner's) lack of knowledge about sexual stimulation and response may prevent a woman from achieving a satisfactory experience. Poor communication between partners can also be a culprit here.
Gynecologic problems: A number of pelvic disorders can cause pain in intercourse and thus decrease satisfaction.
Vaginal dryness: The most common reason for this in younger women is insufficient stimulation. In older women, the decrease in estrogen that occurs in perimenopause or menopause is the cause of vaginal dryness. Poor lubrication can also be linked to hormone imbalances and other illnesses and to certain medications. It can inhibit arousal or make intercourse uncomfortable.
Vaginismus: This is a painful spasm of the muscles surrounding the vaginal opening that causes the vaginal opening to "tighten." It can prevent penetration or make penetration extremely painful. Vaginismus can be caused by injuries or scars from surgery, abuse, or childbirth, by infection, or by irritation from douches, spermicides, or condoms. It can also be caused by fear.
Sexually transmitted diseases: Gonorrhea, herpes, genital warts, chlamydia, and syphilis are infectious diseases spread by sexual contact. They can cause changes in the genitals that make sex uncomfortable or even painful.
Vaginitis: Inflammation and irritation of vaginal tissues due to infection or other causes can make intercourse uncomfortable or painful.
Endometriosis, pelvic mass, ovarian cyst, surgical scars: Any of these can cause an obstruction or anatomical changes that prevent intercourse or make it difficult or painful.
Pelvic inflammatory disease: This is an infection of the vagina that moves up into the cervix, uterus, and ovaries. It can be very painful on its own and make intercourse extremely painful.
Nerve damage after surgery: Unavoidable cutting of small nerves during pelvic surgery (such as hysterectomy) may decrease sensation and response.
Physical conditions: Many physical or medical conditions can decrease a woman's satisfaction with her sex life.
Tiredness (fatigue)
Chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease
Cancer
Neurologic disorders
Vascular (blood flow) disorders
Hormonal imbalances
Menopause
Pregnancy
Alcohol or drug abuse
Medications: Certain medications can reduce desire or arousal. One well-known group of drugs that have this effect are the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) group of antidepressants, which includes drugs such as Prozac and Zoloft. Others include certain chemotherapy drugs, drugs for high blood pressure, and antipsychotic medications.
Other medical treatments: Treatments such as radiation therapy for certain types of cancer can reduce vaginal lubrication. They can also make skin and the membranes lining the genitals tender and sensitive.
History of abuse: A woman who has suffered sexual or other abuse may have trouble trusting her partner enough to relax and become aroused. She may have feelings of fear, guilt, or resentment that get in the way of a satisfactory experience, even if she cares deeply about her current partner.
Attitudes toward sex: Many people, either because of the way they were brought up or because of earlier bad experiences, don't view sex as a normal and enjoyable part of a couple's relationship. They may associate sex or sexual feelings with shame, guilt, fear, or anger. On the other hand are people who have unrealistic expectations about sex. Portrayals of sex in television and movies as always easy and fantastic mislead some people into believing that is how it is in real life. These people are disappointed or even distressed when sex is sometimes not earth-shattering or when a problem occurs.
Sexual problems of the partner: If a woman's partner has sexual problems, such as impotence or lack of desire, this can inhibit her own satisfaction. Continue Reading
Problem Evaluation & Prioritization
Problem areas are evaluated and ranked for each mission. Prioritization uses a needs-based approach which addresses worst problems first.
I have just noticed this at our local bus stop. Just two days into the new busway service, Grant Palmer have had to alter their route around the Beecroft Estate in Dunstable because of badly parked cars. This means that the Co-op supermarket, Post Office and other shops are no longer served by bus. This parking problem was obviously anticipated as double yellow lines were recently painted on certain stretches of road. Odd then that the service was pulled so soon.
I walk this way to said Post Office every afternoon and have wondered why I havn't yet seen one of the new Scanias along here yet; now I know!!
Current study piece, loosely based on a picture found on the Internet. I doubled the pattern height by mirror reversing it against itself and chose not to center it in width. In daylight it's reaaaaaally bright coloured (I'm using low cost Katia 'Capri' crochet cotton on low cost Aïda 5.4 count). And just in case you asked, 'SWDE' acronym stands for 'Société Wallone Des Eaux', the Walloon equivalent to the US 'PG&E' - only difference being : in the US hexavalent chrome was the problem and in my birthplace it was lead pipes...
Three problems here:
Firstly, going on a pub crawl at this time of year means that pretty soon you start turning up and places in the dark. Here we're visiting "The Belfry" near Cambridge as part of our "1000 Bell" tour. The trouble is that in the dark, rather than inviting, it looks foreboding.
Secondly, it's ok calling a hotel "The Belfry" but not the "Cambridge Belfry" when it's actually miles away in a place called "Cambourne" (or should that be "Great Cambourne"?) Either way, these places are not on most of my maps.
Lastly, it's changed hands. Several owners' names appear in its name making it the "bell" with the longest name we've ever visited.
This is my 1st image in Yateley Camera Club's 2019 "52" project
Flickr is a mess in Firefox. It started midday on Monday. I thought it was just another problem with the system (note the uploading problems on Monday), but eventually I realized that the site was showing up just fine in IE.
So what in the world is going on? I deleted the Flickr cookies, but that didn't change anything. The css files seem to come up fine on their own, but it looks like they're not being pulled in when rendering the basic pages.
Any ideas? Thanks!
In the end, clearing the cache worked. It's something I really didn't want to have to do, but after trying several other things, it was the only idea I had left.
Image of boy watching wild horses at the BLM's Hines Wild Horse Corral, March 29, 2017, by Greg Shine, BLM.
As a result of amendments to the Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act in 1976 and 1978 which addressed problems created by the growing populations on the range, BLM identified appropriate management levels and developed a process to remove excess animals. The need for the corrals became apparent when wild horse and burro populations on public lands increased to such numbers that more intensive management became necessary. Animals removed from the Oregon range are brought here and prepared for the adoption program. Periodically, wild burros from California and Arizona are also brought here for adoption.
Facility Operation
Wild horses are brought off the range to the corrals where they are immediately separated into pens by age and sex. The mares with foals are kept together while weanlings and yearlings, dry mares, studs, and geldings are kept in their respective, separate pens.
Within a short time of their arrival, the horses are given a health inspection by a veterinarian. Animals with any injuries or disease are treated immediately. All animals are prepared for adoption in the chute area located under the barn where they are checked for age, vaccinated against disease, wormed and freeze marked. Horses are aged by inspecting their teeth.
Wild Horse Corrals
The horses are vaccinated against such diseases as Rhinopneumonitis, influenza, tetanus, sleeping sickness, strangles, Rabies, and West Nile Virus. The animals are also wormed to rid them of internal parasites. If animals are kept for long periods of time, their hooves are trimmed periodically, as the ground in the pens and pastures is soft and hooves do not wear down as readily as they did when the horses lived on the range and roamed over rougher terrain.
Wild Horses Feeding
The pens near the barn are used as working pens where horses and burros are separated for various reasons whether for shipping, health inspections or viewing for adoption. Note the numerous gates, small side pens, wings and alleyways which make it easier to work with the animals. The larger holding pens are to the north and are connected to the working pens and alleyways. The horses and burros are kept in these pens unless they are to be shipped out in a very short time. The eastern pens are reserved for female animals and the western pens hold the males. The large barn and handling facility was built in 2001 to replace the old wooden barn which was lost to fire.
Adoption and Tours
Before horses and burros are shipped to other adoption centers or picked up by adopters at the corrals, they are given a final brand and health inspection by a veterinarian. When the adopters transport their chosen animals from the corrals, an adoption fee is collected to help defray expenses. If the animals are shipped to another location before being adopted, the fee is collected at those locations.
Organized tours of the wild horse corrals and facilities are available upon request. They can be scheduled for just a few people as well as larger groups. We welcome the opportunity to explain the various aspects of the wild horse program whether it concerns range management, roundups, preparation at the corrals or the adoption program.
If you are interested in adopting a wild horse or burro or taking a tour, please visit the corral facility, stop by the BLM office at 28910 Highway 20 West in Hines, or give us a call at (541) 573-4400. We will be glad to explain the process and requirements for adoption. A brochure is available that specifically explains the Adopt-A-Horse Program.
St Peter and St Paul, Salle, Norfolk
During their awesome reign over the other great teams of Europe in the 1970s and 1980s, Liverpool football club placed a huge sign in the changing room corridor, so that it was the last thing visiting teams saw before they walked out on to the pitch: This is ANFIELD, it warned. The name alone was enough. Similarly, the cover of the guidebook here proclaims, in a single word, SALLE. Again, it suffices; the word, pronounced to rhyme with call, stands for the building. Perhaps only the name Blythburgh has the same power in all East Anglia.
The greatest East Anglian churches were built in the 15th century. It is often observed that there can never have been enough people to fill them, but this is to miss the point. They were never intended for the forms of worship to which they now play host.
The shape of a late medieval church is not an accident. East Anglian parish churches of the 15th century had many common features; wide aisles to enable liturgical processions, a chancel for the celebration of Mass, places for other altars, niches for devotional statues, a focus towards the Blessed Sacrament in the east, a large nave for social activities, large windows to fill the building with light, a roof of angels to proclaim a hymn of praise, a pulpit for the preaching of orthodox doctrine, benches to enable the people to hear the preaching, and carvings, stained glass and wall paintings of the sacraments, Gospels and rosary mysteries, of the catechism and teaching of the Catholic Church.
As Le Corbusier might have said if he'd been around at the time, a late medieval East Anglian church was a machine for making Catholicism happen.
No longer, of course. The radical and violent fracture in popular religion in the middle years of the 16th century gave birth to the Church of England, and the new Church inherited buildings that were often unsuitable for congregational protestant liturgy - a problem that the Church of England has never satisfactorily solved.
Over the centuries, the problem has been addressed in different ways; celebrating Communion at a table in the nave, for example, and blocking off the chancel for other uses. Although this was challenged by the Laudian party in the early part of the 17th century, it was the way that many parishes reinvented their buildings, and most were to stay like that until the middle years of the 19th century. Some went further: a pulpit placed halfway down the nave, or even at the back of the church, meant that the seating could be arranged so that it no longer focused towards the east, thus breaking the link with Catholic (and Laudian) sacramentalism. For several centuries, Anglican churches focused on the pulpit rather than the altar.
With the rise of the 19th century Oxford Movement, all this underwent another dramatic change, with the great majority of our medieval parish churches having their interiors restored to their medieval integrity, reinventing themselves as sacramental spaces. This Victorian conception of the medieval suited itself to congregational worship, and responded in a satisfactory way to the structure of the building. But still, of course, they weren't full.
This 19th century re-imagining is the condition in which we find most of them today, and Anglican theologians everywhere are asking the question that the Catholic Church asked itself at Vatican II in the 1960s - is a 19th century liturgical space really appropriate for the Church of the 21st century?
It requires a shift in the mind to recall that these were not originally Anglican buildings, but it is a shift we need to make. The idea of a previously unchanging Church now confronting the demands of the modern age is wholly incorrect. These buildings have faced a variety of challenges over the centuries; they have only ever been truly suitable for the use for which they were originally built six hundred years ago.
Two of the largest late medieval churches in East Anglia are just three miles apart, at Cawston and Salle in the middle of Norfolk. These clusters are not uncommon; think of Blythburgh, Southwold and Walberswick in Suffolk, for example, or Lavenham and Long Melford in the same county. But Cawston and Salle are really close - you can see the tower of one from the other. St Peter and St Paul is a complete example of a 15th century rebuilding; St Agnes at Cawston retains its elegant earlier chancel.
If not merely for congregational worship, why were these churches built so big? Impressive as they seem now, they must have been awesome at the time they were built, since they were the only substantial buildings outside of the towns, and would have dwarfed the houses of the parish. Some were in villages; but many were not. Salle church has always been out in the fields. Why are earlier East Anglian churches not so massive? Certainly, East Anglia has its cathedrals; Norwich and Ely pre-date the great churches by several centuries, and Bury Abbey was bigger than either before its destruction. The great majority of East Anglia's churches are piecemeal affairs; typically, a 13th century chancel, which must have been the most substantial part of the building when it was first erected, an early 14th century nave and tower, and perhaps later elaborations of the piece with aisles and a clerestory. Salle and Cawston churches are both rebuildings of earlier structures, but a surprising number of East Anglian churches were not rebuilt, until perhaps the Victorians saw the need for a new chancel, or new aisles. Often, these smaller churches are exquisitely beautiful, as if beauty rather than grandeur was the imperative.
And then, towards the end of the 1340s, a great pestilence swept across Europe; in East Anglia, outside of Norwich which got off lightly, it killed perhaps a half of the population. In emptying the countryside, it completely altered the economic balance; a shortage of labour gave new power to the survivors, perhaps setting in place the preconditions for the capitalism that we can recognise by the 16th century. And, in extinguishing the flower of Decorated architecture, it also gave birth to the great love affair between the late medieval mind and death.
In Catholic theology there is no great divide between the dead and the living. For the medieval Christian, communion was something that existed between all members of the parish, whether alive or dead. Thus, prayers were said for the souls of the dead (who, it was presumed, were saying prayers for the souls of the living).
To ensure that prayers were said for them after their death, the very richest people endowed chantries. These were foundations, by which priests could be employed to say masses for their souls in perpetuity. A priest in such a capacity was called a chantry priest. The masses would be said at a chantry altar, probably in the nave; if the person was rich enough, this might be enclosed in a specially constructed chantry chapel. Many churches had them. After the Reformation, many were pressed into service as family mausoleums or pews.
For the poorest people, there was the opportunity to join a guild, where, for a penny or so a week, they could ensure that the guild chantry priest would say masses for their soul after their death (along with those of the other dead members of the guild). Many of these guilds were organised around particular occupations or devotions, and became a focus of social activity. The investment that produced the income to pay the chantry priests was most commonly in land. The church or guild oversaw the management of the land, which is one of the reasons we have an image of a wealthy pre-Reformation church. Land bought to produce income in this way was known as chantry land, a name surviving in many places today. Those who invested in chantries (and few and far between must have been those who didn't) presumed that they were ensuring prayers and masses in perpetuity; but, of course, this was not to be.
Bequests and chantries seem to have reached their peak in the 15th century. Perhaps the Black Death reinforced the urgency of the task. People did not merely want to be remembered; they wanted to be prayed for. And so, those who could afford it ensured that this was not forgotten by leaving their wealth in the very place that was at the centre of communion: the parish church. The richest paid for the additions of aisles and chapels, or for a new font or rood screen. This was not just a naked desire for the recognition of their family status. There was an underlying insecurity to the new landed classes. They wanted to control their destiny beyond their deaths. And so, their gift would be recorded in the form of a dedicatory inscription. One of these survives on the screen at Cawston, and another on the base of the font at Salle. Orate pro anima, they begin, "Pray for the soul of...", an injunction urgently emphasised by the pre-Reformation liturgy, only to be cursed and defaced by the later Anglicans and puritans. Stained glass was another common gift, as well as images, candlesticks, furnishings. Thus were many churches developed piecemeal.
But sometimes, where a parish could rely on a steady supply of substantial bequests, they might be channelled into a complete rebuilding, as at Salle, a summa cum laude apothesosis, where the new church of the late 15th century survives in pretty much its original form. Sometimes, a single wealthy family would shape and direct the rebuilding of a church. One of the richest families in East Anglia in the 14th and 15th centuries was the de la Poles, the Earls of Suffolk. Their mark can be found throughout East Anglia, but most famously and substantially at Wingfield in Suffolk, and at Cawston in Norfolk. Theirs was a long term project; at Cawston, the tower predates the furnishings of the nave and chancel by almost a century.
So why so vast? Certainly, it was ad maiorem deo gloria, to the Greater Glory of God; but it was also to the greater glory of the de la Poles and their contemporaries. The great landed families of England came into the late middle ages full of confidence, and they were determined to demonstrate it. They had survived the Black Death. They had grown richer on its consequences. They had assumed a political power unthinkable a few centuries before. They controlled not just the wealth but the imagination of their parishes. They asserted orthodox Catholic dogma in the face of rural superstitions and abuses. They imposed a homogenised Catholicism on late medieval England. And, as they increased their secular power and influence, a time would come when they would embrace the Great Idea already beginning to take shape on the continent - protestantism. But that was still in the future.
And so, to Salle. St Peter and St Paul is big. This is accentuated by the way in which it stands almost alone in the barley fields, with only a couple of Victorian buildings and a cricket pitch for company. What an idyllic spot! And yet there is an urban quality to the building, as if this was some great city church in the middle of Norwich or Bristol. It went up in the course of the 15th century, a replacement for an earlier building on the same site, broadly contemporary with neighbouring Cawston. While Cawston was largely the work of a single family, here the building benefited from an accident of history; several very wealthy families owned manors and halls in the parish at the same time, and it so happened that the time was the greatest era of rural church building.
Among them were the Boleyns, the Brewes, the Mautebys, the Briggs, the Morleys, the Luces and the Kerdistons, and some of their shields appear above the great west door, along with two mighty censing angels, characteristic of late medieval piety. A steady stream of hefty bequests meant that no expense needed to be spared, and the mighty tower with its vast bell openings was topped with battlements and pinnacles on the very eve of the Reformation.
As at Blythburgh, St Peter and St Paul benefited from the restraint of a late restoration, and the building as we see it now has no external Victorian additions. It is all of a piece. The porches either side are huge affairs, matching the transepts, and give the effect of a vast animal, a dragon perhaps, sprawling with erect head in the Norfolk countryside. Its tail is the chancel, in itself longer and higher than many Norfolk churches. The aisles are tall, austere, parapeted, the Perpendicular windows arcades of glass. In the porches, the vaulted ceilings are studded with bosses; the central one in the north porch depicts Christ in Majesty, sitting on a rainbow in judgement.
You enter the building from the west, an unusual experience in East Anglia, and your first sight is of the seven sacraments font with its tall 15th century canopy, similar to the cover at Cawston. This one is so big it is supported by a crane attached to the ringing gallery under the tower. The font below is interesting because each panel is supported by an angel holding a symbol of the sacrament above - a pot of chrism oil beneath Baptism, for example. The panels themselves are simply done, and are not particularly characterful, apart from the way that Mary turns away and is comforted at the Crucifixion. This panel faces west, and then anticlockwise are the Mass (viewed sideways, as at nearby Great Witchingham), Ordination (the candidate kneeling), Baptism (a server holds the book up for the Priest to read), Confirmation (the candidate obviously a child), Penance (perhaps the most interesting panel - the penitent kneels in a shriving pew), Matrimony (the couples' hands joined by a stole, she in late 15th century dress) and finally Last Rites (the dying man on the floor under blankets also as at Great Witchingham). The font step has a dedicatory inscription to John and Agnes Luce, asking for prayers for their souls. We know that John died in 1489. Perhaps the fabric of the building was complete by this date.
Beyond the font stretches the vastness of the building, the arcades gathering the eyes and leading them forward to the great east window. The chancel arch is barely there at all, just a simple high opening; but as MR James pointed out, it was never intended to be seen.The sheer bulk of the rood screen dado tells us quite how vast the rood apparatus must have been here, and the arch would have been pretty well hidden. Everything is built to scale; although everything has been cut off above the panels, probably in the late 1540s, the panels themselves are enormous, almost six feet high. As at Cawston, St Gregory, St Jerome, St Ambrose and St Augustine, the four Doctors of the Church, are on the doors. Either side are just two surviving paintings; to the north are Thomas and James, to the south are Philip and Bartholomew. The empty panels are a mystery; the screen stood here for a century before its destruction, so it must have been finished; and the dado seems too high to have been hidden by nave altars. And yet, it has all the appearance of never having been painted.
Because the building is so vast, the surviving medieval glass seems scattered, but there is actually a lot of it and some of it is very significant. Some was moved during the restoration of the early 20th century, when the modern glass in the north transept was installed, and the yellow galley lozenges were thankfully replaced with clear glass in the 1970s. The images in the east window are mainly figures; old kings kneel before young princes, there are armoured men and angels, the remains of a scaly dragon. In the centre at the bottom is a perfect Trinity shield, displayed by an angel looking askance.
Some of the panels are now in the south transept. These include fragments of a set of the orders of angels. A kneeling figure is Thomas Brigg, donor of the transept; the scroll behind him begins Benedicat Virgo, 'Blessed Virgin'. The mother of God sits surrounded by red glory, and two women holding croziers, one of them crowned, may be St Etheldreda and St Hilda. Certainly, the crowned figure holding a cross is St Helena.
Despite the wonders of the font, the screen and the glass, the crowning glory of the building is the set of bosses that line the roof of the chancel. They are easily missed, being very high. There are nine altogether, the first and last set against the walls at the ends of the roof ridge, and they form a kind of rosary sequence of joyful and glorious mysteries. They start with the Annunciation in the west (see left) and then continue with the Adoration of the Shepherds, the Adoration of the Magi, the Presentation in the Temple, the Entry into Jerusalem, the Last Supper, the Crucifixion, the Resurrection, and the Ascension into Heaven.
There is a fine set of return stalls in the chancel. Although Salle probably never had a college of Priests, all those Masses for the dead must have provided plenty of employment, because we know that there were seven Priests here at a time when the population of the parish was barely 200. Bench ends include heads, a dragon tied up in a knot, a cock, a restored pelican in her piety, and a monkey. The misericord seats feature faces, including one that is quite extraordinary.
Although the roof isn't up to the glory of neighbouring Cawston, it includes lots of original angels and paintwork, including sacred monograms, and around the wallplate part of the Te Deum Laudamus and Psalm 150. These particular texts seem to have provided the inspiration for many late 15th century interiors; the angels in the roof, the animals on the bench ends, the Saints on the rood screen all in harmony: Let everything that has breath Praise ye the Lord!
The nave benches are mostly renewed now, but the pulpit is an elegant example of the 15th century, from the time when a priority began to be placed on preaching. Curiously, it has been rather awkwardly converted into a three-decker arrangement, probably in the 18th century, with the addition of a platform and desk from a set of box pews. A large sounding board has been placed overhead. The box pews suggest that the medieval furnishings were replaced at an early date, although the replacements too have gone now.
Salle is one of those churches full of intriguing little details that might easily pass you by, so great is the wonder of everything around. Those two little corbel heads above the south door, for instance - what were they for? Perhaps they supported an image that could be seen from the north doorway as people entered, although not a St Christopher as the guidebook suggests, I think. There is a pretty piscina in the unfortunate north transept that has been outlined in wood, a memorial and helm above, a tall image bracket in the corner of the wall of the south transept, a floreated piscina nearby.
There are many brasses and brass inlays in the nave floor; one of the most interesting is a chalice brass (although the chalice is now gone) to Simon Boleyn, a Priest, who died in 1489, and to the east of it a pair of brasses to Geoffrey and Alice Boleyn, great-grandparents to Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII. Another pair of brasses are to Thomas and Katherine Rose and their eight children. Unlike many churches, Salle actually retains some of the 'missing' brasses, now locked away for safety. It would be nice to think they could eventually be reset in the floor.
One part of the building that many visitors must miss is the chapel above the north porch. There is no sign indicating it; but the doorway, at the west end of the north aisle, is always open. Inside, the vaulted roof is punctuated by spectacularly pretty bosses which you can view at close quarters. The colour is a bit fanciful, but they are fascinating, particularly the central boss of the Coronation of the Queen of Heaven - how on earth did that survive the Reformation?
This is a tremendous building, a box of fascinating delights. What purpose does it serve now? As I said in the introduction, its size was not in response to the needs of a congregation, and as far as worship is concerned it will never be full. It remains constantly in use, however; for regular services in the chancel, sometimes for concerts and recordings, but also of course for the poshest sort of wedding, the kind only the Church of England can provide, and no doubt other elements of the core business of CofE PLC. It is easy to be cynical, but if they ensure the survival of the building, then so be it.
We decided to go for a city break rather than sun in Tenerife again this September. Other than a few days in the North East we haven’t been away since last March and wanted a change and hopefully some sun. The problem is getting flights from the north of England to the places we want to go to. We chose Valencia as we could fly from East Midlands – which was still a pain to get to as it involved the most notorious stretch of the M1 at five in the morning. In the end we had a fairly good journey, the new Ryanair business class pre-booked scheme worked quite well and bang on time as usual. It was dull when we landed with storms forecast all week, the sky was bright grey – the kiss of death to the photography I had in mind. I was full of cold and wishing I was at work. It did rain but it was overnight on our first night and didn't affect us. There has been a drought for eleven months apparently and it rained on our first day there! The forecast storms didn't materialise in Valencia but they got it elsewhere.
You May notice discrepancies in the spelling of some Spanish words or names, this is because Valencian is used on signs, in some guide books and maps. There are two languages in common use with distinct differences. There may also be genuine mistakes - it has been known!
Over the course of a Monday to Sunday week we covered 75 miles on foot and saw most of the best of Valencia – The City of Bell Towers. The Old City covers a pretty large area in a very confusing layout. There was a lot of referring to maps – even compass readings! – a first in a city for us. The problem with photography in Valencia is that most of the famous and attractive building are closely built around, some have poor quality housing built on to them. Most photographs have to be taken from an extreme angle looking up. There are no high points as it is pan flat, there are a small number of buildings where you can pay to go up on to the roof for a better view and we went up them – more than once!
The modern buildings of The City of Arts and Sciences – ( Ciutat de Las Arts I de les Ciencies ) are what the city has more recently become famous for, with tourists arriving by the coachload all day until late at night. They must be photographed millions of times a month. We went during the day and stayed till dark one evening, I gave it my best shot but a first time visit is always a compromise between ambition and realism, time dictates that we have to move on to the next destination. I travelled with a full size tripod – another first – I forgot to take it with me to TCoAaS! so It was time to wind up the ISO, again! Needless to say I never used the tripod.
On a day when rain was forecast but it stayed fine, albeit a bit dull, we went to the Bioparc north west of the city, a zoo by another name. There are many claims made for this place, were you can appear to walk alongside some very large animals, including, elephants, lions, giraffe, rhino, gorillas and many types of monkey to name a few. It is laid out in different geographical regions and there is very little between you and the animals, in some cases there is nothing, you enter the enclosure through a double door arrangement and the monkeys are around you. It gets rave reviews and we stayed for most of the day. The animals it has to be said gave the appearance of extreme boredom and frustration and I felt quite sorry for them.
The course of The River Turia was altered after a major flood in the 50’s. The new river runs west of the city flanked by a motorway. The old river, which is massive, deep and very wide between ancient walls, I can’t imagine how it flooded, has been turned into a park that is five miles long. There is an athletics track, football pitches, cycle paths, restaurants, numerous kids parks, ponds, fountains, loads of bridges, historic and modern. At the western end closest to the sea sits The City of Arts and Sciences – in the river bed. Where it meets the sea there is Valencia’s urban Formula One racetrack finishing in the massive marina built for The Americas Cup. The race track is in use as roadways complete with fully removable street furniture, kerbs, bollards, lights, islands and crossings, everything is just sat on the surface ready to be moved.
We found the beach almost by accident, we were desperate for food after putting in a lot of miles and the afternoon was ticking by. What a beach, 100’s of metres wide and stretching as far as the eye could see with a massive promenade. The hard thing was choosing, out of the dozens of restaurants, all next door to each other, all serving traditional Paella – rabbit and chicken – as well as seafood, we don’t eat seafood and it constituted 90% of the menu in most places. Every restaurant does a fixed price dish of the day, with a few choices, three courses and a drink. Some times this was our only meal besides making the most of the continental breakfast at the hotel. We had a fair few bar stops with the local wine being cheap and pleasant it would have been a shame not to, there would have been a one woman riot – or strike!
On our final day, a Sunday, we were out of bed and down for breakfast at 7.45 as usual, the place was deserted barring a waiter. We walked out of the door at 8.30 – in to the middle of a mass road race with many thousands of runners, one of a series that take place in Valencia – apparently! We struggled to find out the distance, possibly 10km. The finish was just around the corner so off we went with the camera gear, taking photos of random runners and groups. There was a TV crew filming it and some local celebrity (I think) commentating. Next we came across some sort of wandering religious and musical event. Some sort of ritual was played out over the course of Sunday morning in various locations, it involved catholic priests and religious buildings and another film crew. The Catholic tourists and locals were filling the (many) churches for Sunday mass. Amongst all of this we had seen men walking around in Arab style dress – the ones in black looked like the ones from ISIS currently beheading people – all carrying guns. A bit disconcerting. We assumed that there had been some sort of battle enactment. We were wrong, it hadn’t happened yet. A while later, about 11.30 we could hear banging, fireworks? No it was our friends with the guns. We were caught up in total mayhem, around 60 men randomly firing muskets with some sort of blank rounds, the noise, smoke and flames from the muzzles were incredible. We were about to climb the Torres de Serranos which is where, unbeknown to us, the grand, and deafening, finale was going to be. We could feel the blast in our faces on top of the tower. Yet again there was a film camera in attendance. I couldn’t get close ups but I got a good overview and shot my first video with the 5D, my first in 5 years of owning a DLSR with the capability. I usually use my phone ( I used my phone as well). Later in the day there was a bullfight taking place, the ring was almost next to our hotel, in the end we had other things to do and gave it a miss, it was certainly a busy Sunday in the city centre, whether it’s the norm or not I don’t know.
There is a tram system in Valencia but it goes from the port area into the newer part of the city on the north side, it wouldn’t be feasible to serve the historic old city really. A quick internet search told me that there are 55,000 university students in the city, a pretty big number. I think a lot of the campus is on the north side and served by the tram although there is a massive fleet of buses as well. There is a massive, very impressive market building , with 100’s of stalls that would make a photo project on its own, beautiful on the inside and out but very difficult to get decent photos of the exterior other than detail shots owing to the closeness of other buildings and the sheer size of it. Across town, another market has been beautifully renovated and is full of bars and restaurants and a bit of a destination in its own right.
A downside was the all too typical shafting by the taxi drivers who use every trick in the book to side step the official tariffs and rob you. The taxi from the airport had a “broken” meter and on the way home we were driven 22 km instead of the nine that is the actual distance. Some of them seem to view tourists as cash cows to be robbed at all costs. I emailed the Marriot hotel as they ordered the taxi, needless to say no answer from Marriot – they’ve had their money. We didn’t get the rip off treatment in the bars etc. that we experienced in Rome, prices are very fair on most things, certainly considering the city location.
All in all we had a good trip and can highly recommend Valencia.
Made this Photo with a Kiev 60 (fomapan200 film) and 2.8/80 lens | self-developed with Rodinal (11 min)
Es war der letzte Film den ich mit der Kiev geschossen habe. In letzter Zeit hat sie immer mehr Probleme mit dem Filmtransport gehabt und ist nun vollends reif für die Vitrine.
Das Foto an sich ist eine starke Vergrößerung, deshalb ist das Korn auch so gut sichtbar, trotzdem sind noch genügend Details zu erkennen.
Problem: Wacom 2's USB plug is only recognized by Macbook when jammed so hard in its USB port that it nearly does damage.
Solution: Plug tablet into USB hub, use duct tape to jam the USB plug in hard, plug USB multi-hub into Macbook
The Death of Canadian Journalism - Sean Condon on the homegrown media
giant that's holding the nation hostage.
Sean Condon's website: www.seancondon.com/index.html
The Death of Canadian Journalism
By SEAN CONDON
In a crowded bar in downtown Vancouver, a group of reporters from the city’s main daily newspaper, The Vancouver Sun, gather after work to do what most people revel in after a long week at the office: bitch about the boss. While images of the Iraq War, Wal-Mart and Kid Rock quickly flash and disappear on the television screens above them, editors are mocked, columnists are ridiculed and the paper their bylines appear in is panned up and down.
There’s nothing too radical about most of their complaints – it’s not secret to anyone in the city that the Sun is a dull suburban paper pretending to be a respectable urban broadsheet. With few exceptions, there’s little investigative journalism left within its pages, and most of what gets printed is so tepid and banal that it’s almost entirely useless to read.
It’s when the reporters start talking about what’s happening inside the newsroom that they reveal a deeper and more disturbing problem with the flagship newspaper in Canada’s third largest city: one that explains everything that is wrong with the increasing consolidation of the media around the world.
Overly anxious that they’re not caught exposing the paper’s dirty secret, reporters at the Sun say that morale has hit rock bottom and an alarming atmosphere of fear and paranoia has infected the newsroom. With a tone of anger and resentment, reporters tell stories about vindictive editors who spend more time attacking them over personal and petty grievances than they do worrying about the deteriorating quality of the paper. Anyone that dares question the authority of Editor-in-Chief Patricia Graham is bullied, isolated and forced out of the paper.
Reporters say the story inside the Sun is that inexperienced editors rise through the ranks because they toe the company line or are personal friends with senior editors and not because they produce good journalism or defend the public trust. There newly empowered editors are known for not letting reporters pitch their own ideas and for pushing press releases onto veteran journalists who grudgingly grind out copy before deadline, caring very little about what they write. Reporters who challenge this system are moved out of their department, questioned about their stories and eventually given an ultimatum by the editors: quit or we’ll make your life hell.
“The culture at The Vancouver Sun is incredibly poisonous and it extends right through the newsroom,” confides Charles Campbell, a former editorial board member at the paper, who says he was surprised at how much disdain senior management had towards the paper’s star reporters. “There are very few [reporters] who are particularly happy or proud of The Vancouver Sun as a newspaper.”
While the Sun has a long history of acrimonious newsrooms and lengthy labor disputes, it was also once a respected paper that boasted some of the top journalists in the country and consistently broke stories that changed the political landscape of the city and province. When the paper was part of the Southam chain, the newsroom had a bigger budget and more independence – reports were even allowed to criticize the paper in print. But once CanWest Global Communications got its hands on the Sun in 2000, it slashed funding, silenced writers and allowed an inexperienced, and strangely insecure, management to take control. The paper has never been as irrelevant or dysfunctional as it is today.
CanWest has such a stranglehold on the city that any reporter caught speaking out against them would have trouble finding work in Vancouver again. This toxic environment has created such a chill amongst reporters that getting them to talk about the turmoil is extremely difficult. One news staffer that initially agreed to be quoted as an anonymous source later backed out for fear of repercussion. A former reporter was so worried by the ruthless reach of the editors that they would only talk off-the-record. Most wouldn’t even take that risk.
“If [the Editor-in-Chief] found out I talked, I’d be finished,” said one reporter when declining an interview. “If there was another game in town it’d be different, but there’s nothing else in this city. There’s nowhere to go.”
CanWest’s dominance over Vancouver is extraordinary even in an era of unprecedented global media consolidation and convergence.
Led by CEO Leonard Asper and the powerful Asper family, the Winnipeg-based corporation now owns both of Vancouver’s daily newspapers (the Sun and the tabloid Province), the city’s top-rated television station (GlobalTV), 12 community newspapers, eight analog and digital television stations, and one of two national papers. For good measure, it also owns the only daily in the nearby provincial capital, Victoria’s Times Colonist. A throwback to the classic Company Town, CanWest has turned Vancouver into the single-most media concentrated city in the western world.
Cities thrive in diverse media markets. In Montreal, four different companies own the city’s four major dailies, each presenting four unique perspectives on issues that concern its citizens. The same is true in cities from Toronto and New York to London and Paris. But as a small number of corporations swallow up more media outlets every year, the conflicts within the Sun are being duplicated across the country. With the largest private newspaper publisher in Canada, Black Press, recently taking ownership of Osprey, one of the most diverse, just four corporations now control 70 percent of the country’s newspaper circulation.
Cities stagnate in consolidated media markets. CanWest has a total of 13 daily newspapers in Canada, where its only competitors are often vapid tabloid or commuter dailies. On the East Coast, the Irving family owns every English-language newspaper in the province of New Brunswick and a series of dailies and weeklies throughout the Maritimes. Without any real competition, these newspapers can manipulate their content to push a single point of view. In Canada, this had led to a one-sided debate on the country’s role in Afghanistan, where editorials back the country’s military intervention and pay little attention to the mounting civilian causalities and ongoing human rights violations. But nowhere is the freedom of the press in as much danger as Vancouver, where the CanWest monopoly controls an astonishing 70 percent of the entire media market and is the only voice of record for the city.
“The story of the Sun should be presented as a cautionary tale [to the rest of the world],” says Marc Edge, a former Vancouver journalist and author of Pacific Press: The Unauthorized Story of Vancouver’s Newspaper Monopoly. “If you want to see the future of media, just look at Vancouver where you have the tightest control of media in the free world. If you allow cross-media ownership like the [Federal Communications Commission in the United States] has been considering, this is how it could end up.”
Editorial Eclipse
The internal turmoil of the Sun is a stark contrast to the colorless content on its pages. While almost all corporate newspapers have an obvious pro-business slant, the Sun leaves little doubt about where its bias lies. Corporate press releases are disguised as news stories, puff pieces on right-wing politicians pose as investigative journalism and hatchet jobs on activists purport to be fair and balanced reporting. In 2002, the Sun spent $3 million to run a series of advertorial stories praising the virtues of British Columbian businesses called ‘Believe BC.’ The stories weren’t marked as advertising features as they should have been, but were either listed as a ‘Special Feature’ or left completely unmarked.
The timing of the Believe BC series was especially insulting since it came right after the newly elected right-wing provincial government had slashed social services for the poor by $2 billion while cutting taxes for the rich by $2 billion. But there has been little coverage in the paper since then of how the cuts caused Vancouver’s homeless population to double in just three years. Although Sun reporters aren’t given direct orders to write glowing reports about the provincial government, they say they are discouraged from writing claims made by government critics. There has also been a conscious decision from the paper’s management to ignore government protesters, even when their actions are top stories for national news agencies. More often than not, the Sun is not the voice of the community, but a mouthpiece for the provincial government – over the years CanWest has donated thousands of dollars to the current provincial government and the Sun employs the premier’s brother as a columnist.
However, most troubling of all is that the Sun refuses to be held to account to the many criticisms lobbied at them by media analysts and their own current and former employees. A request for an interview with the paper’s Editor-in-Chief, Patricia Graham, was denied because Adbusters is protecting the identity of the Sun reporters who have spoken out.
“The Vancouver Sun has a policy of avoiding the use of unnamed sources,” wrote Graham in an email. “We consider it a violation of journalistic ethics to permit people to criticize others while remaining anonymous. I do not care to participate in interviews with publications whose ethical standards I do not share.”
Aside from the fact that any Sun reporter named would immediately be fired, Graham overlooks the fact that most media outlets allow anonymous sources if the importance of their information outweighs the potential for public skepticism. But Adbusters couldn’t even get a copy of the Sun’s code of ethics to verify what the paper’s policy on using anonymous sources actually is. While other news agencies post their code of ethics online, a request to the Sun was denied on the grounds that it’s not available to the public. Like much of what is happening in the Sun, the paper seems to prefer keeping the public in the dark.
Black Hole
The Aspers bought the Sun and over 130 newspapers across the country from Conrad Black’s Hollinger Inc. at a time when major media corporations around the world were clamoring for convergence. But while CanWest had one of the largest television networks in the country, it had zero experience in newspapers. Like many newly formed media conglomerates at the time, it quickly lost millions of dollars trying to make its different media outlets work together. Just as newspaper circulation was plummeting across North America, the Aspers paid Black an inflated $3.5 billion for a product in an ailing industry that they had no idea how to run.
With their fledgling newspaper empire quickly crumbling and its newly adopted national daily The National Post hemorrhaging profits from the other dailies, the Aspers tried to stop the hemorrhaging with massive layoffs – leaving already thin newsrooms stretched beyond repair. Today, reports at CanWest papers have to write more stories in less time, which adds another level of pressure in already tense environments. Instead of investigative journalism, there has been an increase in one-source stories. Many reporters have been moved off of beats and turned into general assignment reporters, giving them less knowledge on the issues they cover and less access to sources that help them cultivate and uncover breaking news.
CanWest further exasperated the problem by carelessly spending $5 million launching its now-defunct, youth-oriented commuter daily, Dose, while saving $4.6 million this past June by abandoning its partnership with the national newswire, Canadian Press (CP). Reporters across the chain have been extremely distressed by this latest move, saying it will force shorthanded newsrooms to produce extra copy for which the CP co-operative could once be relied upon. Since newspapers are still the best, and often the only, mechanism that gives the public in-depth analysis on issues, all of these cuts have damaged the public’s ability to have the kind of qualified and informed debate required in a democracy.
“This whole corporatization of journalism is not healthy,” says Mike Gasher, director of journalism at Concordia University and a former Vancouver Province reporter. “I know journalism is a business, but I think it’s just a question of how you strike the balance between the quality of the product and the bottom line. My concern is that when you have these conglomerate ownerships, that not only own several newspapers, but radio, television, internet, then I think by definition the commitment to any one of those properties is decreased.”
CanWest did not return multiple requests for an interview. Adbusters Media Foundation is currently suing CanWest along with another national broadcaster for refusing to air its public awareness campaigns about mass consumerism on their stations, which was also one of the reasons that Graham gave for turning down an interview.
Burnout
The acrimony inside the Sun is excessive when compared to other newspapers, but there are high levels of dissatisfaction and depression in all of CanWest‘s dailies. Not long after CanWest bought Black’s chain, it sparked international uproar when it broke the journalistic autonomy and implemented a national editorial policy. In 2001, the Aspers dictated a series of editorials from Winnipeg and demanded its papers not run any editorial that held views opposed their “core positions” – which primarily focused on lowering taxes and supporting Israel in the Middle East. After journalists at Montreal’s The Gazette angrily withheld their bylines, the controversy forced CanWest to drop the policy. However, it sent an early message to its newsrooms that their independence had vanished.
“I can say to our critics and to the bleeding hearts of the journalist community that it’s the end of the world as they know it, and I feel fine,” callously said David Asper, the family’s publication chairman, about the Gazette’s protest.
But the national editorial policy was almost benign compared to the firing of Ottawa Citizen publisher Russell Mills for running a feature about then Prime Minister Jean Chretien’s suspicious financial dealings and an editorial calling for his resignation. Asper patriarch Izzy Asper (now deceased) had close ties to Chretien and the country’s ruling Liberal party, and the firing sent a chill throughout the entire CanWest chain that still exists today. Although CanWest has since toned down its editorial interference (its most recent act was to replace all mention of Palestinian “militants” with “terrorists” in newswire copy), reporters at its papers say the damage has already been done.
“People do their jobs, they roll their eyeballs, and a lot of them at quitting time stop thinking about it,” says one staffer at The Gazette.
The primary complaint heard from CanWest reporters today is that the corporation’s drastic financial cuts have done the most to sink morale. In almost revolutionary development, editors and publishers at CanWest papers have also begun to openly criticize the Aspers to their reporters because of the budget cuts. The Aspers make a sharp contrast to the CanWest papers’ original owners, the Southam family, which turned its newspapers into some of the most competitive and respected in North America. Ironically, CanWest reporters even refer to the Conrad Black era as the “golden age.” Although Black cut back on reporters and was reviled as a tyrant with an overt political agenda, he also invested more in his newsrooms. Today, the computers in the Edmonton Journal newsroom are so old that staff can’t even access their own paper’s website.
“It’s depressing,” says Journal reporter, “and it makes you wonder about the future. There are all sorts of new pressures going on in today’s media, and most of us don’t have confidence that the Aspers have the business acumen to deal with these pressures in an effective way.”
Shine A Light
While CanWest’s control over Canada’s media sheds a disturbing light on the future of media consolidation, the concentration of ownership has in actuality been a major problem brewing in Canada for the past half-century. When The Vancouver Sun and The Province first merged their competing newspapers under a single management company called Pacific Press in 1957 because of economic problems, the federal government investigated the deal and found it would likely be “to the detriment of the public.” However, it backed away from taking any action.
When corporate chains came to control an alarming 77 percent of the country’s circulation, the 1970 Davey Committee stated that “all transactions that increase concentration of ownership in the mass media are undesirable and contrary to the public interest – unless otherwise shown,” and recommended the country form a press review board to rule on mergers. However, none of its recommendations were implemented.
When two major newspaper chains, Southam and Thompson, colluded to each shut down a competing newspaper in Ottawa and Winnipeg in 1980 and both of Vancouver’s daily newspapers were officially handed over to the Southams, the Royal Commission on Newspapers stated that “freedom of the press is not a property right of owners,” and recommended strict ownership limits. Again, no action was taken.
And when a Senate committee on media concentration released a report in 2006 stating, “the concentration of ownership has reached levels that few other countries would consider acceptable” and recommended that large mergers be publicly reviewed, it was outright dismissed by Heritage Minister Bev Oda who argued that “convergence has become an essential business strategy in order to stay competitive.”
Despite an endless amount of evidence provided by federal commissions and investigations showing how dangerous it is to a democracy when fewer companies control the media market – foreign bureaus are reduced, staff is cut back and quality diminished – no Canadian government has ever tried to put the brakes on consolidation. By ignoring the problem for the past 50 years, it has been allowed to grow into a full-blown crisis.
Today, reporters at CanWest simply go through the motions and many veteran journalists say their main goal is to try and get an early buyout from the corporation. Others say they personally tell journalism students to stay out of the business. Seeing the writing on the wall, many journalism students at colleges and universities from Vancouver to Ottawa say they have little interest entering an industry that they had such high hopes for only a few years earlier. Once considered a respected and noble profession that challenged authority and represented its community, CanWest’s consolidation has killed any sense of pride Canadian journalist once had in their job.
The most obvious example of consolidation run amok is Vancouver, where one corporation has such a tight control over the city that it gets away with bullying its reporters and slanting its news coverage without ever being challenged. The problems inside the Sun and CanWest papers will be repeated across the country if consolidation is allowed to continue unabated.
Because the priority of the paper’s corporate controller is on the bottom line instead of the public trust, a once-proud newspaper chain has turned into a skeleton of its former self. Reporters at CanWest papers who don’t conform the corporate perspective have few options or alternatives since CanWest owns the majority of media in most of their cities. Despite the restrictions, some reporters have managed to produce good journalism, but those that try to speak out have been harassed, silenced and sent packing. When journalists are denied resources and can’t truthfully disseminate information, the entire public is held hostage. It’s time to set them free.
Who's looking out for you?
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