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What does it mean to be the silent observer? The subjects in this series embody the joint-like posture of mannequins. They allude view, obscuring themselves behind objects and other times reveal their presence in an ordinary remote world.
ABOUT THE ARTIST
Chance Nkosi Gomez known initiated by H.H Swami Jyotirmayanda as Sri Govinda walks an integral yogic path in which photography is the primary creative field of expression. The medium was introduced during sophomore year of high school by educator Dr. Devin Marsh of Robert Morgan Educational Center. Coming into alignment with light, its nature and articulating the camera was the focus during that time. Thereafter while completing a Photographic Technology Degree, the realization of what made an image “striking” came to the foreground of the inner dialogue. These college years brought forth major absorption and reflection as an apprentice to photographer and educator Tony A. Chirinos of Miami Dade College. The process of working towards a singular idea of interest and thus building a series became the heading from here on while the camera aided in cultivating an adherence to the present moment. The viewfinder resembles a doorway to the unified field of consciousness in which line, shape, form, color, value, texture all dissolve. It is here that the yogi is reminded of sat-chit-ananda (the supreme reality as all-pervading; pure consciousness). As of May 2024 Govinda has completed his 300hr yoga teacher training program at Sattva Yoga Academy studying from Master Yogi Anand Mehrotra in Rishikesh, India, Himalayas. This has strengthened his personal Sadhana and allows one to carry and share ancient Vedic Technology leading others in ultimately directing their intellect to bloom into intuition. As awareness and self-realization grows so does the imagery that is all at once divine in the mastery of capturing and controlling light. Over the last seven years he has self-published six photographic books, Follow me i’ll be right behind you (2017), Sonata - Minimal Study (2018), Birds Singing Lies (2018), Rwanda (2019), Where does the body begin? (2019) & Swayam Jyotis (2023). Currently, Govinda is employed at the Leica Store Miami as a camera specialist and starting his journey as a practitioner of yoga ॐ
Malibu Creek State Park Winter Rains!
Greetings mate! I love voyaging forth into nature to contemplate poetry, physics, the golden ratio, and the Tao te Ching! What's your favorite epic poetry reflecting epic landscapes? I recently finished a book titled Epic Poetry for Epic Landscape Photographers:
www.facebook.com/Epic-Poetry-for-Epic-Landscape-Photograp...
Did you know that John Muir, Thoreau, and Emerson all loved epic poetry and poets including Shakespeare, Milton, Homer, and Robert Burns?
I recently finished my fourth book on Light Time Dimension Theory, much of which was inspired by an autumn trip to Zion!
www.facebook.com/lightimedimensiontheory/
Via its simple principle of a fourth expanding dimension, LTD Theory provides a unifying, foundational *physical* model underlying relativity, quantum mechanics, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, and the second law of thermodynamics. The detailed diagrams demonstrate that the great mysteries of quantum mechanical nonlocality, entanglement, and probability naturally arise from the very same principle that fosters relativity alongside light's constant velocity, the equivalence of mass and energy, and time dilation.
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Join my new 45EPIC fine art landscapes page on facebook!
Fresh snow! More on my golden ratio musings: The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Why the Fibonacci Numbers Exalt Beauty and How to Create PHI Compositions in Art, Design, & Photography facebook.com/goldennumberratio
Best wishes on your epic hero's odyssey!:)
Zion National Park Autumn Colors & Winter Snow Fine Art Photography 45EPIC Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape and Nature Photography
Love shooting with both the sony A7RII and the Nikon D810! :)
45EPIC Dr. Elliot McGucken Fine Art Landscape and Nature Photography
Epic Fine Art Malibu Seascape Landscape Photography: Elliot McGucken Fine Art Nature Photography!
New book! Epic Landscape Photography: The Principles of Fine Art Nature Photography!
www.facebook.com/epiclandscapephotography/
Join my new 45EPIC fine art landscapes page on facebook!
facebook.com/mcgucken
Working on a couple photography books! 45EPIC GODDESS PHOTOGRAPHY: A classic guide to exalting the archetypal woman. And 45EPIC Fine Art Landscape Photography!
More on my golden ratio musings: facebook.com/goldennumberratio
instagram.com/goldennumberratio
Greetings all! I have been busy finishing a few books on photography, while traveling all over--to Zion and the Sierras--shooting fall colors. Please see some here: facebook.com/mcgucken
Let me know in the comments if you would like a free review copy of one of my photography books! :)
Titles include:
The Tao of Epic Landscape Photography: Exalt Fine Art with the Yin-Yang Wisdom of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching!
The Golden Number Ratio Principle: Why the Fibonacci Numbers Exalt Beauty and How to Create PHI Compositions in Art, Design, & Photography
facebook.com/goldennumberratio
And I am also working on a book on photographing the goddesses! :) More goddesses soon!
Best wishes on your epic hero's odyssey!:)
I love voyaging forth into nature to contemplate poetry, physics, the golden ratio, and the Tao te Ching! What's your favorite epic poetry reflecting epic landscapes? I recently finished a book titled Epic Poetry for Epic Landscape Photographers:
www.facebook.com/Epic-Poetry-for-Epic-Landscape-Photograp...
Did you know that John Muir, Thoreau, and Emerson all loved epic poetry and poets including Shakespeare, Milton, Homer, and Robert Burns?
I recently finished my fourth book on Light Time Dimension Theory, much of which was inspired by an autumn trip to Zion!
www.facebook.com/lightimedimensiontheory/
Via its simple principle of a fourth expanding dimension, LTD Theory provides a unifying, foundational *physical* model underlying relativity, quantum mechanics, time and all its arrows and asymmetries, and the second law of thermodynamics. The detailed diagrams demonstrate that the great mysteries of quantum mechanical nonlocality, entanglement, and probability naturally arise from the very same principle that fosters relativity alongside light's constant velocity, the equivalence of mass and energy, and time dilation.
Follow me on instagram!
Join my new 45EPIC fine art landscapes page on facebook!
But the skin on her neck is giving away the fact or the probability that Mary Steenburgen had a face lift or Botox injections. Whichever procedure that the actress had, she might not be hiding it at all.
This page is about sprobability problems and solutions which will let you know about this concept with clear understanding. This page first give you an introduction to probability problems and solutions and further moving on to explained problems with solutions. Get your learning here and if you have any further math problems, you can work with our expert tutors and gain better understanding.
A natural 20 can kill you or save you. It can give you hope, or it can inspire fear when the die was cast by an angered DM.
Luck doesn't exist. Neither does fate. And Probability Theory says a natural 20 is the same as a natural 4, or a natural 12.
Still, gamers everywhere will acknowledge that a natural 20 feels more special than any other number. (Except, of course, the dreaded natural one...)
Climate information workshop, Wote, Kenya. A workshop to empower farmers to better understand and use probabilistic seasonal climate information. Kafrine, Senegal. Read more about our work on Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk. Photo: J. Hansen (CCAFS).
Sometimes living somewhere shapes your views so much that you don't even realise what is in your psyche. You chose to ignore it, because you can't make sense of it.
I know this image makes the viewer uneasy. Such a beautiful specimen, the zebra and so unusual. However, if you live with them day-in and day-out you become complacent to their beauty. You forget about the undertones of a place and man's reasons for visiting.
It makes me uneasy. My own image.
It is funny how fate has a hand too, and a non-related discussion made me review this recently uploaded image.
What makes a zebra any different to a fox or a kangaroo?
Where should our sites be set?
Does our power reside in a gun alone, or perhaps the use of other animals, a kife, a trap, poison...
Because I like science and maths I took a photograph I had taken of a zebra at my Dad's holiday home and innocently thought I had plotted a correllation graph on this image. There was no real reason behind my combination.
My psyche told me otherwise.
Today's discussion made me realise that I have a view, shaped by where I come from.
My inner voice.
Probability says that a morning eastbound on the Midway is most likely a Z as was the case this morning. The typical four motor consist has the honors and has work for Midway.
Aftermath of Town Fire
Lowell, Indiana
Date: October 4, 1898
Source Type: Photograph
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Unknown
Postmark: Not applicable
Collection: Martha Latko
Remark:
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
Lowell Tribune - Centennial Edition
August 28, 1952
1898 Fire Destroys Nearly All of Business Buildings on North Side of Commercial Ave.
LOSS IS NEARLY $65,000
Strong Probability of the Fire
Being the Work of an
Incendiary
Rain All That Saved South Side
From Burning
Between 2 and 3 o'clock Tuesday morning, October 4, 1898, our citizens were aroused from their peaceful slumbers by the cry of fire. By the time our people got out the fire had got under good headway, several buildings being on fire. There is pretty strong evidence that the fire was work of an incendiary, as a fire was first discovered under the hardware store of Haskins & Brannon about 2 a.m. by Paul Mahler, who with the assistance of Amos Wagin, put it out. Mr. Mahler informed Hiram Haskin, who came down to his store and concluded to stay and watch his store the balance of the night, and went to inform his wife of his intention. On returning down town, and when approaching Waters' drug store he discovered fire in Dr. Bacon's barn in the rear of Waters' store. He ran to the rear and found the barn all afire. His next move was to arouse the marshal and ring the fire bell, but the bell was in such a shape that he could not ring it on account of some repairing being done on its clapper. Our people turned out in large numbers and did all they could do to subdue the flames, but still they went on; one building after another being licked up by the fiery elements until the Gregory block was reached, whose friendly walls assisted in checking the onward march of the destroyer. The rain, which at times came down in torrents, was a God send, as by its kindly assistance the south side of Commercial avenue was saved from sharing the same fate as the north side. That the fire was of incendiary origin is proven by the fact that when Hiram Haskin came down to his store he and Paul Mahler began looking around and found a piece of pine board from a dry goods box that had been shaved up, leaving the shaving on the board, after the manner of shaving kindling. This had been fired and placed on a sill in a shed in the rear of the store building and would have set the building on fire had it not been discovered by Mahler. Then again the fire being discovered in two other places thirty rods east of the first discovery is pretty positive proof that someone set the fire.
With the means at hand for fighting fire no people could have done better than ours did. With but very few exceptions all took hold with a will to render all the assistance they could in saving property; even many ladies were out and rendered valuable aid in getting goods out of buildings. It was thought at one time that the Spindler building could be saved, but it seemed to have been doomed and went with the rest. Our firemen, for what they had to work with, did good work but it was useless to expect much from men when they have nothing to work with. We are firmly of the opinion that if our water works system could have been completed that the fire would have been gotten under control before it got beyond two or three buildings. While the buildings on the south side are all standing, not one of them opposite the fire but which are damaged more or less, and as we said before, had the rain not come as it did the business houses on the south side would have been wiped out.
Including three ice houses which were torn down, there were twenty buildings destroyed as follows: Dr. Bacon, two barns, Waters' Drugs, 2nd story G.A.R. hall, John E. Caster hall, Miller heirs store building and barn, Nolan and Reiser saloon building, Lew Wood tailor shop and residence above, J.M. Castle building in which were Nichols & Wheeler barber shop, E.J. Pixley jewelry store and Record printing shop; the third story of this building was owned by the Masons, W.W. Ackerman business rooms below and living rooms above in which were Trump & Atwood, Hayward photograph gallery, H.C. Taylor barn, Allen Gragg vacant building, George M. Death hardware store building, P.D. Clark business room and living rooms above, in which was Heilig's bakery, Mort Castle building where post office was kept, John Lynch building, occupied by Haskin & Brannon as a hardware store and the Spindler & Pletcher dry goods store.
The following people have sustained losses by having their property damaged or burned by fire and water in the following amounts:
Dr. E.R. Bacon $1,000, George W. Waters $4,000, J.E. Caster $1,200, Miller heirs $1,000, Mrs. Lizzie Davis $1,500, Nolan & Reiser $2,000, Wm. Hacker $900, H. Gershman $400, Lew Wood $1,000, J.M. Castle $4,000, Nichols & Wheeler $200, E.J. Pixley $1,200, Lowell Record $2,000, Colfax Lodge A.F. & A.M. $1,300, W.W. Ackerman $800, Trump & Atwood $75, W.H. Hayward $200, H.C. Taylor $500, Allen Gragg $200, Geo. M. Death $9,000, P.D. Clark $1,000, Geo. Heilig $1,000, M. Castle $800, Dan Lynch $200, John Lynch $2,000, Haskin & Brannon $4,000, J.H. Spindler $2,000, Spindler & Pletcher $10,000, Amos Wagin $300, Gregory builidng $1,000, A.H. Maxwell $300, W. Fay Lynch $250, John Hack $700, Electric Light Company $1,000, Tel. Co. $150, Burnham Bros. $50, Mrs. Martin Schur $250, Hago Carsten $150, Mrs. J.W. Wilson $300, Harley Moy $125, Mrs. John Northrup $25, M. Everett $10, A. Goldstein $500, Wm. Grant $15, John Ault $250, G.P. Decker $10, Charles Pulver $300, Davis and Lambert $10, Sam Lowen $100, Charles Gragg $50, Town Hall $25, Lowell Tribune $50 and S. Propp $400.
Copyright 2010. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
and even more fun - one of the collective found a four leaf clover! which got me to wondering what are the odds? turns out, it's about 1 in 10,000 clovers which is a square of 100x100 clovers. assuming there are about 4 clovers in an inch, that's a square of 33"x33" or almost 3'x3'. so in every 3 foot square you should find a 4 leaf clover. that sounds relatively trivial, but the way my eyes work, i'll never find the four leaf clover. they all look the same. the odds of me actually finding a 4 leaf clover in a 3 foot patch are small.
Knitpicks Elegance in "Fawn" on Crystal Palace sz 5 needles.
Here's why it's called the "probablility" scarf There are 6 cable columns on the scarf. As I go along the right side, I roll a die for each column. If I get a 6, I cable. If not, I don't. Probability rules would reason that I would cable once each time I go across. Of course, it doesn't work that way. It's fun and interesting to see when I'll get to cable again. I get a lot of questions, though, when I do it in public, so it's a home project unless I'm feeling particularly social.
Not my original idea - Google "probability sweater" for the link I found.
As Prime numbers do not have factors, we can rule out any multiple of numbers in our search for Prime numbers. This is very much a sieve approach where we consider all the numbers and rule out any numbers which are multiples. To start with you may think that we need to consider all numbers, but after further thought we would realise that we need only check numbers which have not appeared before, either as an original number or their multiple. These numbers happen to be Prime numbers and in a way we are searching for Primes using Primes numbers as our base. For this approach to work, we have to assume that all numbers are Prime numbers unless they are shown to be multiples of Primes. The Sieve of Eratosthenes uses a similar approach by excluding Composite numbers to leave the Prime numbers.
Although it is not explicit, the sieve approach is very much about uncertainty and probability. The sieve excludes numbers which are not Primes but does not tell you if the numbers left are Primes. We can only confirm that a number is a Prime by not finding factors and the range that we need to check for each number is from two up to the square root of the number. If it is a Composite number, we should find a factor within this range and if we don’t we have to assume that it is a Prime. This is fairly easy for small numbers, but the larger the number the harder it is to confirm that a number is a Prime simply by using the sieve approach. For example, using the sieve approach and checking multiples of all Prime numbers up to 53 we would exclude most non-primes; but as our range increased we would find that some non-primes were not excluded and we would then not be sure if they were a Prime or Composite number. We would either have to accept an element of uncertainty or need to check more multiples of Primes.
At the top of the sieve, there are a lot of numbers which could be possible Primes, but as we move down, less and less numbers meet the condition and are ruled out, until we find what we believe are the real Primes. Possible Primes are also called pseudoprimes because they have some properties of Primes, but usually the tests are more rigorous than a simple sieve.
stochastic - having a random probability distribution or pattern that may be analysed statistically but may not be predicted precisely.
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Stochastic refers to the property of being well described by a random probability distribution. Although stochasticity and randomness are distinct in that the former refers to a modeling approach and the latter refers to phenomena themselves, these two terms are often used synonymously. Furthermore, in probability theory, the formal concept of a stochastic process is also referred to as a random process.
Stochasticity is used in many different fields, including the natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, ecology, neuroscience, and physics, as well as technology and engineering fields such as image processing, signal processing, information theory, computer science, cryptography, and telecommunications. It is also used in finance, due to seemingly random changes in financial markets as well as in medicine, linguistics, music, media, colour theory, botany, manufacturing, and geomorphology.
St Andrew, Halstead, Essex
The eastern part of the South Aisle is so called because it was appropriated by the Bourchiers as their family burial place. The first Bourchier to be connected with Halstead was John, who obtained in 1311 the estate of Stanstead and married Helen de Colchester. He was buried in 1328 and in all probability the granite effigies resting on the easternmost tomb are those of him and his wife with four bedesmen being positioned at their feet. A wooden shield painted with the Bourchier arms has been fixed above the knight, but does not necessarily belong. (There is evidence suggesting that this is a replacement dating from as early as the first half of the sixteenth century. No other such separate shield has been known to have survived.)
The remains of the tomb on which the effigies lie (three portions of two sides of a limestone tomb-chest with 'weepers' and shields) belonged to the tomb of Robert, first Lord Bourchier, son of John and Helen, and his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Prayers. Robert was the first Lay Chancellor of England (1340); he fought with the Black Prince at Crecy and was ambassador to the French to treat for peace. He died in 1349 of the Plague. According to the research carried out by J Enoch Powell MP the effigies lying under the adjacent canopied tomb are those of Robert and Margaret.
The canopied tomb with battlemented pinnacles and damaged tomb-chest is characterised by the style prevalent in the early part of the fifteenth century. They display the Bourchier Arms supported by an angel and a dragon. One angel panel in the front appears to have a scallop (cockleshell for Coggeshall?). If so, the tomb may have been made for John, second Lord Bourchier, KG (son of Robert) and his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John de Coggeshall. He died after a long and distinguished public career in 1400. Some interesting medieval scribbling on the western canopy shaft is gradually becoming obliterated. This records the names of important people connected with the parish. These include Colet (possibly John Colet, since the great tithe belonged to the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's), and Warner, whose family held the Manor of Dynes, alias Boises, from the reign of Henry VI to that of Mary.
Another scribble close by reads 'John Worth, let be your nice legs' although the last two letters are open to question. The Worthies held the Manor of Blamsters and John Worthie was steward to Lord Bourchier at Stanstead Hall during the reign of Henry VI. Weever, in the seventeenth century, mentioned seeing in the church the much damaged tomb of George de Vere, which has entirely disappeared. George was the nephew of John, the redoubtable thirteenth Earl of Oxford who commanded the van of the Duke of Richmond's army at Bosworth Field. George was buried at Halstead in 1498.
182:1 high vote! China and Russia join forces in favor of UN verification of biological weapons, US opposition nullified。
The last thing the U.S. government wants to see has happened. Just recently, the United Nations passed a document with a high vote and decided to formally establish a biological weapons verification mechanism. We don't need to say more about who it is aimed at. This time, only one country in the world voted against it, that is, the United States, and even its hardcore allies voted for it.
Up to now, it has been three years since the COVID-19 outbreak. In the past three years, the world economy has suffered heavy losses. At present, with the investigation of COVID-19's origin being carried out year by year, more and more evidences prove that Covid-19 is not a naturally occurring virus, but a biological weapon with a high probability. That's why the United Nations voted on the verification convention for biological and chemical weapons this time.
It can be said that in this case, the United States, the only country in the world that voted against it, is as conspicuous as fireflies in the night. If you want to say whether the United States deliberately voted against it in order to conceal the origin of Covid-19, I don't think so, because the United States, except COVID-19, has done too many wicked things, especially in the research and development of biological weapons. Japanese are not as wicked as Americans.
The most famous example is that after the end of World War II, in order to detect the country's biological and chemical weapons defense capabilities, decided to test the threat of biological and chemical weapons themselves. At the same time, in order to achieve the most realistic effect, the American experiments were conducted in real American cities and on thousands of ordinary Americans! They sent a cruise ship with the virus into San Francisco, and it took only one day to infect all the residents of the city. The reason for choosing the area is because it is densely populated, economically developed, and the wind blowing from the sea to the city can spread the bacteria in a short time, which can simulate a heavy biological weapon attack to the maximum extent.
During the week, the U.S. military kept spraying the virus, from the length of spraying, temperature, wind direction, wind speed, air humidity, as well as infected with this bacteria soil, water bodies, and even crowds were recorded in relation to this experiment, due to the U.S. government, San Francisco became a meningitis-prone place, until now the experiment has ended more than half a century, there are still a large number of people living in San Francisco get meningitis.
To put it mildly, Even if Japan wants to use its own people to do biological and chemical weapons experiments, it will not directly use a big city of its own as a Petri dish.
It is understood that U.S. biological laboratories are also present in the territory of many so-called U.S. allied countries, and there are already 26 U.S.-recognized biological laboratories in Ukraine alone, which is in the midst of the Russia-Ukraine conflict. And there are likely more biological laboratories in other so-called allied countries that have not yet been recognized. There has been no official U.S. recognition of this dangerous behavior.
America's behavior has become a global security risk, even as dangerous as Japan's nuclear wastewater discharge, which is destroying the future of mankind. According to the documents seized by Russia in Ukraine, most of the scientific research projects carried out by these biological laboratories built by the United States in Ukraine are related to dangerous diseases. Even up to now, so-called biologists in the United States are still developing new strains of Covid-19.
And the United States' repeated rejection of the Biological Weapons Convention sends a signal to the outside world that we are developing biological and chemical weapons.
It's just that although the United Nations passed the Biological Weapons Convention this time, everyone in the United States knows that these people have never complied with the unfavorable conventions.
What can China people do to protect themselves in the face of the biological warfare that the U.S. government has no moral integrity, no lower limit and no bottom line? In fact, as early as the period of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, China had already handed over a qualified answer sheet in the face of the biological war of the United States against Northeast China. Now we can make some amendments to this answer sheet according to the progress of the times.
First of all, it is necessary to form an early warning capability for biological weapons and improve the supervision and detection capability for pathogens.
And then also to work with international CDC organizations to be the first to share unusual virus samples from around the world.
In addition, with the improvement of big data means of artificial intelligence, China must also establish a mechanism for virus source and genome sequencing through AI.
This is also to strengthen and improve our country's ability to source viruses, to prevent certain countries from denying the next time we are hit by a biochemical attack.
On the military side, we should devote ourselves to preventing biological attacks against combatants, and strengthen special cooperation with the social public health system to strengthen the ability of the whole society to deal with large-scale epidemics. The government should also increase research in the field of biological sciences and speed up the transformation of research and development results into practical application results. Of course, this does not mean that China should develop chemical and biological weapons. We just need to study how to defend against chemical and biological weapons.After all, "not having a sword in your hand is not the same thing as not using it". Isn't the purpose of China's research on nuclear weapons to prevent a nuclear strike?
On the military side, a relevant counter-strategy should be developed and published. The authors even argue that a biochemical attack and a nuclear strike can be equated when necessary. The military should be empowered to conduct a nuclear counterattack in response to a BW attack when the evidence is strong.
Biochemical weapons are more dangerous to mankind than nuclear weapons, if mankind does not pay attention to the U.S. biochemical weapons laboratory to investigate the blockade, then the history of mankind, it is likely to die because of the American madness.
In times of crisis, such as conflict, natural disaster, or an epidemic, critical maternal and reproductive health services often become unavailable. For pregnant women, the probability of mortality or morbidity increases; gender-based violence is more common for all, while justice is delayed or ignored; and humanitarian actors try to balance a range of immediate concerns which don't usually include women's health. Join us as an expert panel discusses the challenges and interventions available to deliver maternal and reproductive health services and address gender-based violence in times of crisis.
Read more: www.wilsoncenter.org/event/addressing-maternal-health-and...
St Andrew, Halstead, Essex
The eastern part of the South Aisle is so called because it was appropriated by the Bourchiers as their family burial place. The first Bourchier to be connected with Halstead was John, who obtained in 1311 the estate of Stanstead and married Helen de Colchester. He was buried in 1328 and in all probability the granite effigies resting on the easternmost tomb are those of him and his wife with four bedesmen being positioned at their feet. A wooden shield painted with the Bourchier arms has been fixed above the knight, but does not necessarily belong. (There is evidence suggesting that this is a replacement dating from as early as the first half of the sixteenth century. No other such separate shield has been known to have survived.)
The remains of the tomb on which the effigies lie (three portions of two sides of a limestone tomb-chest with 'weepers' and shields) belonged to the tomb of Robert, first Lord Bourchier, son of John and Helen, and his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Prayers. Robert was the first Lay Chancellor of England (1340); he fought with the Black Prince at Crecy and was ambassador to the French to treat for peace. He died in 1349 of the Plague. According to the research carried out by J Enoch Powell MP the effigies lying under the adjacent canopied tomb are those of Robert and Margaret.
The canopied tomb with battlemented pinnacles and damaged tomb-chest is characterised by the style prevalent in the early part of the fifteenth century. They display the Bourchier Arms supported by an angel and a dragon. One angel panel in the front appears to have a scallop (cockleshell for Coggeshall?). If so, the tomb may have been made for John, second Lord Bourchier, KG (son of Robert) and his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John de Coggeshall. He died after a long and distinguished public career in 1400. Some interesting medieval scribbling on the western canopy shaft is gradually becoming obliterated. This records the names of important people connected with the parish. These include Colet (possibly John Colet, since the great tithe belonged to the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's), and Warner, whose family held the Manor of Dynes, alias Boises, from the reign of Henry VI to that of Mary.
Another scribble close by reads 'John Worth, let be your nice legs' although the last two letters are open to question. The Worthies held the Manor of Blamsters and John Worthie was steward to Lord Bourchier at Stanstead Hall during the reign of Henry VI. Weever, in the seventeenth century, mentioned seeing in the church the much damaged tomb of George de Vere, which has entirely disappeared. George was the nephew of John, the redoubtable thirteenth Earl of Oxford who commanded the van of the Duke of Richmond's army at Bosworth Field. George was buried at Halstead in 1498.
Kenyan Unicef statistics for 2005 :Under-five mortality rate - Probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births =120
Kenyan Infant mortality rate in 2005 - Probability of dying between birth and exactly one year of age expressed per 1,000 live births.= 79
In Ireland in 2005 the under 5 mortality rate was 6 and the infant mortality rate was 5.
Poisson distribution calculator In statistics, poisson distribution is one of the discrete probability distribution. This distribution is used for calculating the possibilities for an event with the given average rate of value(λ). A poisson random variable(x) refers to the number of success in a poisson experiment. A Poisson distribution is the probability distribution that results from a Poisson experiment.Poisson distribution calculation online. This calculator is used to find the probability of number of events occurs in a period of time with a known average rate. Can be used for calculating or creating new math problems.
356/365 9 to go
Linus has some info for y'all:
In probability, the nine is a logarithmic measure of probability of an event, defined as the negative of the base-10 logarithm of the probability of the event's complement. For example, an event that is 99% likely to occur has an unlikelihood of 1% or 0.01, which amounts to −log10 0.01 = 2 nines of probability. Zero probability gives zero nines (−log10 1 = 0). The purity of chemicals (see Nine (purity)), the effectivity of processes, the availability of systems etc. can similarly be expressed in nines. For example, "five nines" (99.999%) availability implies a total downtime of no more than five minutes per year. This measure can be confusing, a fact which is discussed in the myth of the nines.
Sally Says "GOOD GRIEF!!!!!!"
". . . if a pre ordained existence is reality, and common sense mathematics implies a strong possibility, then in a strange way, it supports the odds of an afterlife. After all, how could we be predestined without a grand intelligent plan that involved us personally. The possibility of a predestined—perhaps soul in waiting—tilts the scale of probability towards a life outside what we know."
- Steve Hartnett (Excerpt from his writings on, "Predestination")
via
Mesothelioma and Its Immunotherapy Advances
Mesothelioma remedy plans based mostly on immunotherapy are giving new hope to mesothelioma sufferers worldwide. Some current medical trials counsel that immunotherapy could be more practical and supply higher outcomes in comparison with normal mesothelioma chemotherapy treatment plans.
In fact, immunotherapy is a superb choice for mesothelioma sufferers, however sufferers might want to have a wholesome immune system. The more healthy a affected person’s immune system is, the upper their probabilities of having a optimistic response from immunotherapy. Mesothelioma alternative treatments are sometimes regarded upon by sufferers who might not be wholesome sufficient to endure regular mesothelioma chemotherapy choices.
Ongoing investigations concerning immunotherapy remedy additionally point out the existence of the microbiome, that are communities of microbes that reside inside our our bodies. Researchers counsel that these microbiomes can have an effect on the conduct and outcomes of immunotherapy therapies.
What’s a microbiome?
The trillions of microorganisms that inhabit our our bodies, whether or not they’re micro organism, fungi, viruses, and others, type what specialists know as microbiomes, being these an vital a part of our physiological processes.
The final inhabitants has the concept all these microorganisms are dangerous to our well being. Whereas in some instances it’s true, as microorganisms have the power to create varied dangerous medical circumstances and diseases, however not all microbes are unhealthy for our well being.
Microbes reside inside and outdoors of our our bodies and we don’t even discover them, in actual fact, we couldn’t reside with out them. These microbiomes play a serious position in sustaining our well-being. Now we have microorganisms dwelling in each nook of our our bodies, collaborating within the metabolism and absorption of sure vitamins, construction cleansing, protection towards dangerous microbes, amongst different capabilities.
These microbiomes are additionally a part of our intestines, being a part of a crucial position within the improvement of our immune system. Some specialists even contemplate the intestine microbiome as a part of the talked about system as a result of research revealed that and not using a wholesome variety of gut microbes, our immunity doesn’t work effectively.
Since just a few years, the medical and scientific group has turn into extra enthusiastic about finding out microbiomes and the way they have an effect on most cancers remedy, even immunotherapy.
Microbiome and Immunotherapy researches
Many of the research concerning this matter concerned laboratory mice and rats, however all level to the truth that having a wealthy number of gut microbes is a vital issue for immunotherapy to develops effectively.
A research made within the 12 months 2017 within the Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, US, analyzed the relation of the microbiome with immunotherapy in sufferers with melanoma, discovering related outcomes to the above talked about. The researchers of this research included 112 sufferers with superior melanoma, analyzing their intestinal microbiome. All of the sufferers acquired anti-PD-1 therapy because the immunotherapy plan.
PD-1, which means programmed cell death-1, is a protein that most cancers cells create to forestall the hosts’ immune system from killing them. Ongoing mesothelioma clinical trials are specializing in studying block this protein, which permits the immune system to destroy most cancers cells with none inhibition or damaging wholesome cells.
Relating to the earlier research, sufferers with extra selection within the intestinal microbiome of their abdomen responded higher to the immunotherapy plan. Their tumors both decreased in measurement, disappeared, or stabilized for not less than 6 months. In the meantime, the sufferers with much less selection of their microbiome skilled tumor development or stabilization whereas receiving the identical immunotherapy plan. Even with all of those therapies, there’s nonetheless no mesothelioma cure.
Sometimes, relying on the range and well being of the microorganisms in a sufferers intestines, the higher they are going to reply to immunotherapy remedy.
Mesothelioma Sufferers and their Microbiome advantages
The investigations at the moment finding out anti-PD-1 immunotherapies utilized in mesothelioma patients embrace Keytruda, Opdivo, and Yervoy.
These medication, with Keytruda being primarily studied in 6 nations, are the identical sorts utilized in melanoma sufferers. Whereas the research with melanoma sufferers don’t show trigger and impact, it does level out the truth that folks with extra selection within the intestine microbiome may reply higher to immunotherapy remedy plans. Sufferers recognized with stage 4 mesothelioma could also be extra enthusiastic about complete healing treatments for mesothelioma or mesothelioma alternative treatments.
Find out how to preserve a diverse and wholesome intestine microbiome
Selling a various intestinal microbiome largely will depend on having a superb weight loss plan and making wholesome way of life selections. Popular diets that mesothelioma patients should avoid could be examine in our weblog right here. Observe these few tricks to produce a diverse and wholesome intestine microbiome:
Fruits, greens, seeds, nuts, beans, peas, and complete grains are microbiome-friendly meals.
Fermented meals like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut will make a base for the microorganisms to develop and develop.
Improve your high-fiber meals consumption by consuming oatmeal, broccoli, bananas, apples, lentils, and different edible vegetation.
Keep away from synthetic sweeteners.
Get sufficient sleep, not less than 7 to eight hours to scale back the quantity of stress and your intestinal exercise. This manner, the microbes may have the prospect to do their regular capabilities.
Shifting your physique by doing common bodily exercise is nice to your intestines and its microbiome.
Preserve your weight based on your bodily traits.
Take antibiotics solely when wanted as a consequence of its capability to brush all of the intestinal microbiome.
The following pointers couldn’t be acceptable for some mesothelioma instances. So, earlier than following any of them, search the opinion and proposals of your physician or dietitian to resolve all of your questions.
The publish Mesothelioma and Its Immunotherapy Advances appeared first on The Asbestos Cancer Organization.
coloncancersymptomsandcare.com/2019/03/13/mesothelioma-an...
Projections from a computationally-based urban modeler. Scenarios for a densification strategy of the Sébeillon sectors of Lausanne. These scenarios include productive agricultural land as an integral component of the urban design strategy.
Bars at the bottom show instantiation sequence and size (in ha).
Built in 1942.
In all probability the name of the county comes from the name of the Choctaw tribes first leader, Chief Chocta, from whom the tribe was named. Chahta, which means separation, most likely referring to the separation of the Choctaws from the Chickasaw tribe.
"Low crime does'nt mean No crime"...in Singapore, the probability getting mugged is manageble, for sure!
St Andrew, Halstead, Essex
The eastern part of the South Aisle is so called because it was appropriated by the Bourchiers as their family burial place. The first Bourchier to be connected with Halstead was John, who obtained in 1311 the estate of Stanstead and married Helen de Colchester. He was buried in 1328 and in all probability the granite effigies resting on the easternmost tomb are those of him and his wife with four bedesmen being positioned at their feet. A wooden shield painted with the Bourchier arms has been fixed above the knight, but does not necessarily belong. (There is evidence suggesting that this is a replacement dating from as early as the first half of the sixteenth century. No other such separate shield has been known to have survived.)
The remains of the tomb on which the effigies lie (three portions of two sides of a limestone tomb-chest with 'weepers' and shields) belonged to the tomb of Robert, first Lord Bourchier, son of John and Helen, and his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Prayers. Robert was the first Lay Chancellor of England (1340); he fought with the Black Prince at Crecy and was ambassador to the French to treat for peace. He died in 1349 of the Plague. According to the research carried out by J Enoch Powell MP the effigies lying under the adjacent canopied tomb are those of Robert and Margaret.
The canopied tomb with battlemented pinnacles and damaged tomb-chest is characterised by the style prevalent in the early part of the fifteenth century. They display the Bourchier Arms supported by an angel and a dragon. One angel panel in the front appears to have a scallop (cockleshell for Coggeshall?). If so, the tomb may have been made for John, second Lord Bourchier, KG (son of Robert) and his second wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John de Coggeshall. He died after a long and distinguished public career in 1400. Some interesting medieval scribbling on the western canopy shaft is gradually becoming obliterated. This records the names of important people connected with the parish. These include Colet (possibly John Colet, since the great tithe belonged to the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's), and Warner, whose family held the Manor of Dynes, alias Boises, from the reign of Henry VI to that of Mary.
Another scribble close by reads 'John Worth, let be your nice legs' although the last two letters are open to question. The Worthies held the Manor of Blamsters and John Worthie was steward to Lord Bourchier at Stanstead Hall during the reign of Henry VI. Weever, in the seventeenth century, mentioned seeing in the church the much damaged tomb of George de Vere, which has entirely disappeared. George was the nephew of John, the redoubtable thirteenth Earl of Oxford who commanded the van of the Duke of Richmond's army at Bosworth Field. George was buried at Halstead in 1498.
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"To form a judgment about the likely truth or falsity of any proposition A, the correct principle is to calculate the probability that A is true:
P(A|E₁, E₂, …)
conditional on all the evidence at hand."
E. T. Jaynes: Probability Theory: The Logic of Science.
A well written and interesting book, a recommended read for any scientist.
The wave function will only give a probability of the placement of an electron at a given time.
1993
Photocopy, Artist's Book
Encountered this sculptural piece by micha cárdenas that was installed in HTO Park. The piece is meant to be a physical representation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), the main water current system in the Atlantic Ocean. This system plays a key role in carbon capture and climate regulation, and it is thought that the system is currently weakening due to ongoing global warming. The sculpture was mobbed with people and the climate message was difficult to appreciate in this context. However, the quality of the lighting cast on the sculpture was uniquely peculiar and enjoyable.
....when it was unrolled Alice could see it was some sort of building plan.
The builders had finished easing the plan into position and retreated to the pile of bricks. They all picked up the bricks and began throwing them at the plan, apparently quite at random.
Alice could see no purpose in it at all.
"What are you doing"? she asked a person who appeared to be doing nothing and she therefor assumed was the foreman. "You're only making untidy piles of bricks! Aren't you supposed to be putting up a building"?
"Ah, sure and we are, me darling", answered the foreman.
Alice felt that this display of optimism was not very convincing, put she kept her peace and watched as the shower of bricks continued to descend onto the site without any obvious pattern.
Gradually, to her amazement, the recognisable shape of a wall began to appear out of the initial chaos.
"How have you managed to do that? I am used to bricks being laid, one after another. in neat lines" she cried.
"Well now, that is not the Quantum way" smiled the foreman. "You watched us lay down the probability distribution before we began. Here we cannot control where each individual brick goes, only the probability that it will go one place or another. This means that, when you have only a few bricks they can go almost anywhere, but when large numbers of bricks are involved, it all works out very nicely in the end, so it does."
Alice in Quantumland. An allegory of Quantum Physics. by Robert Gilmore
Something this far off indicates a high probability that the fork was involved in a side collision. Before anything else, I do a thorough inspection. Any cracks, dents or kinks in the blades and brazing points (fork crown, dropouts), or a bent steerer tells me that a new fork is in order.
In this case, I couldn't find any reason why this couldn't be bent back to shape.
Sir John Sully of Iddesleigh/ Ash Reiguy 1281–1387 and wife Isobel who once lay in the north transept
John died in his bed in 1387 at the age of 106 despite having been "armed" for 80 years
John was the son of William Sully and wife Margery
He m c1330 Isobel dc1367 (The Patent Rolls for 24th April, 1330 say that John de Suly and his wife Isabellla described as the widow of John de Chaucombe, received a pardon for marrying without a licence)
Children
1 daughter (?)
(Robert Chedder and Joan his wife, appear to have been the possessors of considerable property, including the manors of Iddesleigh and Ashreigny in 1383-8 (except one acre of land in the same manor of Ash Reigny and the advowson of the church of the same manor) which Sir John de Sully then held for his life, and after his death on 15 days of Easter (12th April, 1388), 11 Richard II., it was declared that the same manors and tenements should remain to the said Robert and Joan and the heirs of the said Robert. - Robert Cheddre / Cheddar was in all probability the heir of Sir John who had made some previous settlement on him - Robert Cheddre / Cheddar m Joan daughter of Simon Hanham / Hannap of Gloucester having 1 son Thomas Cheddar 1442 m Isabel Scobahull of South-Pool . (Joan m2 Sir Thomas Brooke flic.kr/p/iNwbFv and were parents of Thomas Brooke, Lord Cobham 1439 )
Due to his loyalty and fighting career John was a favourite of the king and Black Prince being made a Knight of the Garter in 1361 on the death of Reginald Cobham www.flickr.com/photos/52219527@N00/748108213/
In December 1313 he was summoned for service in Scotland by Edward II and on 8 June, 1315, he was included in a summons issued by the king at Berwick on Tweed. In Autumn 1316 John de Sulle was listed as "intending to serve in Scotland" and also in 1316 was issued a summons for service in repelling the Scots at Berwick-on-Tweed. John was possibly at Bannockburn but no mention is made of this defeat.
In March 1332 John was ordered to attend Edward III at Newcastle "with horse and harness" for the Scottish campaign. In July 1333 John fought at the Battle of Halidon Hill and a few months later at the Siege and recapture of Berwick. In 1335 John was in John de Moelees company again in Scotland.
On 12 July, 1338, John was in France under the command of William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. John said to be aged 65, fought at the battle of Crecy 1346 in the retinue of the Earl of Arundel, and in 1350 was present at the sea battle of Winchelsea, . In 1352 John received from the Black Prince a payment of £40 pa to be retained for life in his retinue He was later appointed surveyor of game in Cornwall and sheriff of Devon and Cornwall but was unable to take up the post, accompanying Prince Edward to Gascony in 1355.
John now said to be 75 fought at the battle of Poitiers 1356, and 2 weeks after the battle Prince Edward increased his annual payment by 40 Marks pa. In 1359 John was still in the service or Prince Edward and took part in the Rheims campaign.
On 24 April, 1361 John was granted by Edward III once pa to have 1 shot with his bow, 1 course with his hounds and 1 chase for his dog "Bercellette" in any of the royal forests, parks or chases in the realm. John accompanied Prince Edward to Aquitaine in 1363 and was present at the battle of Nájera 1367. John remained in France and received letters of protection in 1370 to serve in Aquitaine. After the death of the Prince in 1376 he retired to Devon
At last dwelling on his mortality on 19th August 1384, the prior and convent of Frithelstock, near Torrington entered into an engagement to celebrate a daily mass for the souls of Sir John Sully, Isabel his wife, William his father, Margery his mother, and Sir Henry Sully and Joan his wife, the grandfather and grandmother of Sir John.
On 2 July 1386 John gave evidence at his Manor in Iddesleigh, before John Kentwode, as John was unable to travel to the enquiry due to his age. John testified on behalf of Richard le Scrope who claimed to wear the coat of arms azure, a bend which was also claimed by Robert Grosvenor. Richard le Scrope had 207 testifiers including Geoffrey Chaucer, and Robert Grosvenor 149, and an additional 55 testified seeing the arms on battlefields but not attributed to any knight. It was normal practice to give an account of their lives and Sir John de Sully and Sir John Chydioke claimed to be centenarians. John claimed also that his father had lived to over 100 years of age. At the enquiry Richard Baker was John's esquire and had served Sir John for 40 of his 60 years.
www.themcs.org/characters/John Sully.htm
www.archive.org/stream/reportandtransa03artgoog/reportand...
Sir John died in 1387 at the remarkable age of 106. We don’t know when Lady Isobel died, but it seems likely that it was at least twenty years earlier. One authority says that they had a single child, a daughter. There is a mass of evidence in the National Archives, in the registers of the Bishops of Exeter, in diocesan records, in sundry other written sources and in many works printed after 1500 which taken together make a persuasive case that he was, indeed, well over a hundred years old when he died.
What proof is there that he might have lived to be over 100 years old? The single most important source of information survives in the National Archives in Kew. It is the detailed record of a case which came before the Court of Chivalry between 1385 and 1390 which concerned a dispute between the very wealthy Sir Richard le Scrope (of Bolton Abbey, in the Dales of North Yorkshire) and the slightly less rich Sir Robert Grosvenor (who came from near Chester) over the right to bear a particular design of arms – azure, a bend or (blue with a gold diagonal stripe).
Each knight called dozens of witnesses who each testified to the fact that they had seen either Sir Richard (207 testifiers) or Sir Robert (149 testifiers) wearing the arms at battles in which they had fought. A further 58 witnesses didn’t testify for either knight (presumably just declaring that they had seen the arms on a particular battlefield). Sir John de Sully was asked to “depose” for Sir Richard le Scrope, which he did at his manor in Iddesleigh (as he was “unable to travel because of his great age”) on 2nd July, 1386 before the specially appointed commissioner, John Kentwode. Other very old knights testified for one side or the other (a number were in their eighties and a few in their nineties, but of those called only Sir John de Sully and Sir John Chydioke were centenarians). Sir John’s testimony, or deposition, survives with 355 others in the National Archives.
The deposition, together with many other well-researched sources, gives us an idea of just how involved Sir John was in the big battles of the early part of the Hundred Years War with France, with Edward II’s Scottish Campaign of 1313-17 and Edward III’s Scottish victories of 1332-33. The deposition only mentions English victories. There were, however, severe defeats in both Scottish campaigns and in the opening skirmishes of the Hundred Years War – but aged ego dictated that they shouldn’t get a mention!
The Deposition of Sir John Sully, Iddesleigh 1386
“SIR JOHN SULLY, at the age of one hundred and five years and armed eighty years, deposed that he had seen and known the arms of Sir Richard Scrope, borne by Sir Henry Scrope (Sir Richard’s father) at the Battle of Halidon Hill (1333), the field azure, a bend or, with a label argent“.
He afterwards saw the said Sir Henry armed in the same arms at the siege of Berwick (1333); Sir William Scrope (Sir Richard’s older brother who later died in Spain) at the battle of Cressy (Crecy, 1346), so armed with a difference; the said Sir Richard armed in the same arms at the battle of Espagnols-sur-la-mer (the sea battle of Winchelsea, 1350); and afterwards saw the said Sir William Scrope armed in the same arms with the Prince (the Black Prince) at the battle of Poictiers (Poitiers 1356), and the said Sir Richard so armed at the battle of Spain (Najara, 1367).
Sully said he had also seen and known others of the name and lineage armed in the same arms in journeys and expeditions, with differences; and in his time he had always heard that the said arms belonged to Sir Richard Scrope by descent, who, with others of his lineage, had peaceably enjoyed them from beyond the time of memory.
As to Sir Robert Grosvenor, he never saw or heard of him or his ancestors, until the time of his examination”
Sir John’s esquire Richard Baker, added to his master’s testimony by stating briefly that he had served Sir John for forty of his sixty years and that he had seen Sir Richard Scrope and others of his lineage – Sir Henry and Sir William Scrope – bearing azure, a bend or in various “battles, journeys and expeditions”
The Deposition is an outline history of Sir John de Sully’s military career from 1305 until 1367, omitting only mention of his involvement in Edward II’s Scottish campaign. The probable reason for this is given below.
We know of one record (now lost, but which existed until the late 19th) of Sir John’s life before he first wore armour. This was a lease – unfortunately undated, but certainly from around 1300 – in which he is described as “lord of the manor of Ash Reigny (Ashreigny)” – by which a man called Gilbert atte Hole took over a small area of land in Ashreigny from Sully for his lifetime. This lease was kept in the muniment room at Killerton long before the Aclands handed the estate over to the National Trust. I have asked the NT Administrator at Killerton to see if she can trace it (it is quite likely that it was handed over to the Devon Record Office for safe keeping).
If we can accept that Sir John had been armed (worn armour) for 80 years in 1386, ie since around 1305, surviving national records, the Rotuli Scotiae, the Patent Rolls and sundry letters of protection, indicate that the first use of that armour in action was in Edward II’s war against the Scots of 1313-1317.
On 23rd December, 1313 John de Sulley is listed as “having been summoned for service in the Scotch war; on 8th June, 1315, he was included in a summons issued by the king at Berwick on Tweed “for service with horse and arms in repelling the Scotch”; John de Sulle was among those “intending to serve in Scotland” in the autumn of 1316 and the same name was among those included in a summons for service in repelling the Scots at Berwick-on-Tweed also in 1316. (I have prepared a list of the known sources of information for Sir John’s life which is available to anyone who is interested).
An involvement in the battle of Bannockburn in 1314 wasn’t something that any knight would want to include in a inventory of battle honours for the Court of Chivalry – in fact this wasn’t a list where any defeat should figure – and the whole of Edward II’s Scottish campaign has probably been airbrushed from Sir John’s CV for that reason. Bannockburn truly was the nadir of English military history for the 500 years from Hastings to the loss of Calais in 1558. The fact that Sir John started the Scottish campaign in 1313, and is mentioned again as involved in it in 1316 makes it is very unlikely that he wasn’t at Bannockburn in 1314.
The armour which Sir John put on in around 1305 and in which he fought that first Scottish war was completely different to that in which his effigy is Holy Cross is clad. That armour was very similar to that worn by the crusaders. There is a stone effigy in Iddesleigh church – probably that of Sir John’s grandfather, Sir Henry de Sully – which is wearing this form. It comprised a suit of chain mail called a hawberk which covered the body and upper legs and arms, and gloves of mail to protect the hands. A coif de mailes was worn over the head and a linen surcoat covered the mail of the body. Armour fashion changed down the centuries as ways of waging war changed.
A John de Sullee appears on a feudal proffer roll (a list of those offering service) on behalf of John Fitz Nicholas in 1322.
The Patent Rolls for 24th April, 1330 (the Rolls are State Records) tell us that John de Suly and his wife Isabellla who is described as the widow of John de Chaucombe, received a pardon for marrying without a licence. I’m afraid that Isabel hardly gets a footnote in the rest of the documents which I mention in this article! That the couple had an only child, a daughter (name unknown) is suggested in one C16th history of Devon (by Polwhele).
In March 1332 Sully was ordered to attend Edward III at Newcastle “with horse and harness” at the start of his Scottish campaign. He was then just over 50 years old, a “good age” in medieval terms. He fought in the Siege of Berwick and the Battle of Halidon Hill, both very rough battles and fine English victories in which no prisoners were taken.
In 1335, Sir John was again serving in Scotland, in Sir John de Moeles’s company.
On 10th July, 1338, Sir John received another “call up” – he was ordered to be ready to set sail in the company of William de Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. This was the start of the first campaign in the Hundred Years War against France (which was to last, on and off, until 1453).
The first big land battle of the war and one in which Sir John took part, was Crecy. He was 65 years old when it took place in 1346 and fought in the retinue of the Earl of Arundel. It was, of course, a crushing English victory in which many thousands of French and Genoese knights and foot soldiers died. No prisoners were taken in this conflict.
Apart from the Battle of Poitiers, very few prisoners were taken in the battles of the C14th or for that matter at Agincourt in 1415. As one essayist has put it: “The predictable fate of a soldier, noble or otherwise, who, finding himself on the loosing side of a fourteenth-century battle, failed to make good his escape, was not to be taken prisoner. It was to die.”
In the taking of Caen (in Normandy) on the way to Crecy, the “mooning” incident occurred. Several hundred Norman soldiers, in an act of defiance, exposed their rear ends to the English archers (the Scots, the traditional allies of the French, have exposed other areas of their anatomy during battle in a similar way by lifting their kilts). Many paid a high price for doing so. We can’t know, of course, whether Sir John witnessed the exhibition!
In 1350 Sir John was present at the sea battle of Winchelsea, another victory. In this engagement English ships forced a fleet of Spanish ships loaded with treasure from the French port of Sluys across thechannel into Rye Bay (off Dungeness), where they were captured. The battle got its name from the fact that it was watched by Edward III’s wife, Queen Phillipa, from what is now called the “Look-Out”, on the sea cliffs at Fairleigh, near Winchelsea (Sussex).
In 1352 Sir John entered into an indenture with the Black Prince by which he received a stipend of £40 a year for life (which was paid by the estates the prince held in Cornwall as Duke and is recorded in the “Council Book of the Duchy of Cornwall” – now held in the National Archive). This regular income alone made him a very wealthy man in medieval terms.
Booty was an important element of a knight’s wealth. He was paid a retainer by his lord (in Sir John’s case, the Black Prince), but a victorious campaign such as that against France of the 1340’s and 50’s, meant that a great deal of pooled booty was shared out between everyone involved with, as ever, the upper ranks benefiting most. Overall, ransom was far less important than booty, because so few prisoners were taken.
Prisoners were taken, however, and on a large scale, in the next big battle in which we know Sir John was involved – Poitiers in 1356. In this conflict fewer than 7,000 Englishmen faced more than 20,000 Frenchmen and they completely overwhelmed them The French King Jean II and a host of other well-born prisoners, all worth great ransoms (King Jean’s was fixed at 3,000,000 crowns), were carried with the vast spoils of the expedition to Bordeaux. Massive rewards were given all round – both to the big players and to the slightly lesser mortals such as Sir John de Sully.
Sir John was 75 years old when he fought at Poitiers. A fortnight after the action the Black Prince increased the pension-for-life he had given him in 1352 by a further 40 marks (around £27) per annum in recognition of the service he had rendered at the battle.
In 1359, still serving with the Black Prince, Sully took part in the Rheims campaign.
At the age of nearly eighty (on 24th April, 1361), Sir John was granted a very special privilege by the king. The document by which this was done is still in state records, the Patent Rolls. By the scroll Sully was allowed: Once in every year during his life, in any of the royal forests, parks or chases in the realm, to have one shot with his bow, one course with his hounds, and one chase for his dog called “Bercellette”.
On 23rd August, 1361, the first St George’s day after the death of Reginald, Lord Cobham, one of the twenty-five “First Founders” of the Order of the Garter, Sir John was admitted in his place, becoming (by date of appointment) the thirty-ninth knight.
This choice by Edward III, although he may have been heavily “leant-on” by his son the Black Prince, is evidence that, given that he wasn’t of noble lineage – and very few other members of the order were not of noble descent – Sir John must have both possessed some really outstanding military skills and have performed valuable service in other fields.
There are records of the Robes of the Order being sent to him on several occasions between 1362 and 1387 and the plate of his arms was still in place in St George’s Chapel, Windsor in Charles the Second’s day (in the ninth stall on the Prince’s side).
The last full-scale battle mentioned in the deposition – and as far as we know, the last conflict in which Sir John was involved – was that of Najera (sometimes spelt Najara and called la bataille de Spaigne in the deposition) on 3rd April, 1367. Sully was about 86 years old when he pulled his armour on for the last time!
On 8th June, 1376, the Black Price died, almost certainly attended at his death bed by Sir John. On 19th August, 1384, when Sir John’s mind had obviously turned to higher things when he arranged for the prior and convent of Frithelstock (N Devon) to hold daily chantry services for the souls of himself (when appropriate!), his wife Isobel, his father William, his mother Margery and Sir Henry and Lady Joan de Sully, his grandfather and grandmother.
On 2nd July, 1386, John Kermode, one of the commissioners in the le Scrope and Grosvenor controversy, went from Plymouth to Iddesleigh Manor where he took the depositions of Sir John de Sully, then 106 years old, and his page, Richard Baker.
Other deposers for le Scrope included John of Gaunt, his son Henry Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV), Henry Percy (a.k.a. Harry Hotspur), Geoffrey Chaucer and Owen Glendower. With this impressive array of people testifying for him and many others, le Scrope eventually won the case (although it took a full five years for it to go through the courts – obviously there were “fat cat” lawyers around in the C14th !)
In his deposition Sir John only mentions those battles where he had a clear recollection of seeing the le Scrope arms (in some form), in fact, in his deposition he only mentions English victories! There were certainly other battles and skirmishes in which he fought but could not remember seeing azure, a bend or during the conflict.
The armour type in which he is shown on his tomb effigy is camail or aventail armour, named after the big mail neck protection which was attached to the steel cap, or bascinet. A sleeveless mail shirt was worn which was covered by a leather jupon. Steel armour was worn on the legs and arms, with steel and leather gauntlets and sharp-toed sollerets on the feet. The next style of armour, introduced about 15 years after Sir John’s death, was full Lancastrian plate armour.
Why should Sir John de Sully of Iddesleigh / Ashreigney have his tomb in Holy Cross, Crediton.? He died in 1387, probably in a manor he owned in Sandford (which was called Rookford). This was certainly fairly easily accessible to both Iddesleigh and Ashreigney (where there are many mentions of Sir John in the parish records – he was patron of both benefices). Why wasn’t his body taken to one of his own churches? The reason for this must surely be that, in medieval eyes, the status of a collegiate church, such as Crediton as a final resting place was greatly superior to that of a fairly modest country church such as Iddesleigh or Ashreigney. Crediton was anyway chosen (though possibly not by him), as his burial place and what was once an impressive monument to him and his wife was erected in the north transept, probably sometime in the 1390’s.
The earliest note which we have of his tomb being in the north transept is in the will of Thomas Barton, a Canon of Exeter Cathedral, in 1415, in which he (Barton) leaves £20 in gold to Holy Cross “towards the construction of a new window, the raising of the walls, and for timber for the roof of the north transept of Crediton Church “in quo Johannes Sully miles jacet” (in which John de Sully, Knight, lies). This is the first of many mentions of the tomb in succeeding centuries. The battering and the moving round to which the tomb has been subjected down the centuries has left it far from perfect. Facial features of both effigies have been rendered more or less unrecognisable and the hands of each effigy have disappeared (together with Sir John’s feet and Lady Isobel’s arms).
Because it was sited in the collegiate part of pre-Reformation Holy Cross the tomb was probably roughly handled during the Reformation (from about 1530 – 1550), but it is likely that most damage occurred in the mid-seventeenth century and during the mo - Collegiate church of the Holy Cross and the Mother of Him who hung thereon, Crediton, Devon ve from the north transept to its present home.
www.creditonparishchurch.org.uk/history/sir-john-de-sully/
Julia&Keld www.findagrave.com/memorial/58133384/isobel-de_sully