View allAll Photos Tagged Positioning.
In Position, an art exhibition by Brendan Fernandes at the Varley Art Gallery
This entire batch is a test to my post editing skills due to poor lighting...
(further pictures and enormous amounts of information you can get by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
St. Stephen's Cathedral
Seat of the Archbishop (Cardinal) of Vienna, one of the most important buildings of the Central European High and Late Gothic, monumental example of the South-German-Austrian multi-naved church, landmark of Vienna. Characteristic is the independent lateral position of the towers, the inclusion of the romanesque western facade, the high Gothic hall choir and the mighty steep roof with colorful brick patterning.
History
1147
The first Romanesque church - from Passau founded (hence patron saint: saint Stephen Protomartyr) - is consecrated. It is located in a quarter of new settlements of merchants, which in the second half of the 12th Century was included in the city's fortifications (which is the part between Singerstraße and wool line (Wollzeile), the road to Hungary). It is located outside, to the southeast, of the oldest city area of the Roman fort, Vindobona. This building was in its dimensions already a large basilical complex, at its completion already including the floor plan of the Heath towers in the West.
1263
Re-consecration after the fire. The impacts on the Romanesque church are not precisely known. The huge gate was already previously rebuilt, when Vienna was for a short time residence of the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. In succession, the reconstruction of the west gallery and the expansion of the western towers (Heath towers) took place. From this period stem also most of the sculptures of the giant gate, the vaults, capitals and rose windows at the west gallery.
Stephansdom64.jpg (35605 bytes)
1304 -1340
Construction of the Gothic hall choir, Albertinian choir, named after the Habsburg Albert II (1330-1358).
The citizenship of Vienna initially purchased the required properties and "as the owner of the Gothic choir in the Zwettler (city in Lower Austria) documents of 1303 and 1304 Viennese citizens are testified".
This civic foundation was then converted by a princely.
The following indulgence certificate - in the original written on parchment and provided with a hanging seal - is in a sense the main historical document of the choir consecration and thus also to the architectural history of St. Stephen of great importance.
1340
Bishop Peter of Marchapolis gives, at the request of the parishioners, all who attend at the anniversary of the consecration of the choir of St. Stephen's Church, which was accomplished on the above day in his presence by Bishop Albert of Passau, or at the feasts of the altar patrons of the church, an indulgence of 40 days.
1359
Laying of the foundation stone for further Gothic reconstruction of the nave (south and north wall), the Singertor and the Bischofstor (gate) and the two double chapels laterally to the Romanesque western building. Furthermore, the construction of overall four towers was planned. In fact, only the southern transept tower (the "saint Stephen's Tower") was first started.
1365
Those conversion measures are associated with the efforts of Duke Rudolf IV to raise Vienna to the status of a diocese, and with the founding of the University of Vienna.
1395
Consecration of the chapel of Saint Catherine ("baptistery") on the east side of the south tower.
1404
Peter of Prachatitz is Dombaumeister (cathedral builder). The citizenship by providing financial support pushes ahead the expansion of the tower.
1417 - 1430
Establishment of the lower sacristy
1433
Completion of the south tower under Hans von Prachatitz
1440 - 1459
Completion of the High Gothic nave
1450
Planning and construction of the North Tower by Hans Puchsbaum
1459
At Hüttentag of Regensburg the mason's lodge of St. Stephen's in Vienna is designated the leading main lodge in Central Europe.
1466
Extension of the upper sacristy
1469
Under Frederick III. the Diocese of Vienna is built.
1474
The Chapel of St. Barbara in the north tower is completed according to the plans of Puchsbaum. Formerly this building extension in the North Tower was called: Urbanuskapelle (chapel).
1511
Suspension of the building at the north tower. It is higher than the nave walls, but lower than the ridge height of the choir roof. As a crowning feature of the tower stump an octagonal structure was set up, which was closed with a so-called "Welsh hood" of Kaspar and Hans Saphoy 1578. The Welsh hood is a into the Gothic transmitted dome shape".
The back of the St. Stephen's Cathedral with the North Tower
1514/1519
1514/1519 at the top of saint Stephen's tower an eight-rayed sun ("Star") was fitted with a crescent moon as a symbol of spiritual and temporal power. When the Viennese in the Turkish siege (1529) throughout in the camp of their enemies saw similar symbols, they raised first objections against the "haidnisch Zaichen (heathen signs)", yet remained the "Moonlight" on the tower. Only on the occasion of the second siege (1683 ) vowed Leopold I to replace the "ungodly and unworthy Turks coat of arms" by the sign of the cross, when the city was liberated by God's assistance.
The from saint Stephen removed moon. Book illustration, 18th century
The new, of copper wrought double cross ("Spanish Cross") was made by coppersmith Hans Adam Bosch. It was one and a half meters high and had a weight of 45.5 kg. On September 14th, the Kreuzerhöhungstag (day of the elevation of the Cross) (in the same time the anniversary of the moving in of Leopold into the liberated city), it was placed under great spectacle. However, it was not flexible enough and already on 14th December it fell down due to a violent storm. On 31st October 1687 followed the setting up of a new crowning. To the Spanish Cross now the imperial double-headed eagle and the initials of Leopold I had been added. Cross and eagle had a height of 2.45 m and a weight of 67 kg.
St. Stephen's Cathedral around 1530
1640
Bishop Friedrich Count Breuner the Baroquisation of the equipment of the St. Stephen's Cathedral as a manifestation of the Counter-Reformation had started. He commissioned the brothers Jacob and Tobias Pock from Konstanz with the construction of a new high altar.
1683
Damages caused by numerous cannonballs at the second Turkish siege.
1700
Second wave of Baroquisation: Gothic winged altars and also their early Baroque successors are replaced by baroque marble altars.
1711
July 21st, 1711. In front of a large audience the k.k. Stückgießer (specialized iron caster) Johann Achamer carries out the casting of the great bell of saint Stephen. The for this purpose required metal comes from stocks of the Imperial arsenal of captured Turkish cannons. After Pölzung (supporting) of the underground vaults under the streets that touches the train, the bell weighing more than 17 tons on a special car or a loop of 100 people is brought from the Leopoldstadt on 29th October to the cathedral. On December 15th, Bishop Rummel undertakes the consecration of the bell, then it is pulled up to the south tower. There it rests on two oak beams, which for ringing can be screwed off. When Charles VI. solemnly moved into Vienna after his imperial coronation on 26th January 1712, the Pummerin was rung for the first time, in the process only the 813 kg in weight clapper was moved.
1720
The so-called catacombs are set up as a burial site.
1735
The cemetery around the church is closed down and in 1783 completely removed
Stock-im-Eisen-Platz and St. Stephen's Square before the demolition of the houses
Coloured engraving of V.C. Schütz. 1779
1803
The Steffl gets air: Demolition of houses on Stephansplatz
October. The strong increase in population leads to an increased volume of traffic. As part of "traffic-appropriate" measures streets are widened, squares enlarged, arcades created and traffic regulations introduced such as, e.g., the first one-way at the Carinthian gates (1802). With the demolition of the last still in front of the cathedral facade standing houses yet another basic expansion and redesign of the Stephansplatz can be completed.
1809
Also in the French wars the Cathedral is damaged by artillery fire.
1810
Repair work on the South Tower
1831
Renovation of the roof at the Albertinian choir
1842
On the occasion of the two renewals of the tower helmet in the 19th century respectively in 1842 and 1864, again a new double-headed eagle with a double cross was set on the spire. This last crowning of 1864 still today adorns the top of saint Stephen's tower.
1853 - 1854
Expansion of the remaining Wimperge (gables) in the roof area of which Puchsbaum under Frederick III. only one had realized.
1863 - 1864
Cathedral architect Friedrich Schmidt heads the restoration of the tower helmet.
1945
St. Stephen's Cathedral, April 1945 © Press Agency Votava St. Stephen's Cathedral, April 1945
The roof of St Stephen's Cathedral
is on fire 8th April 1945
Friday 13 April: Dombrand (cathedral's fire) in the last days of World War II. The roof burns down, the vaults of the middle choir and the southern side choir collapse. The Pummerin plunges down and breaks. The cathedral is badly damaged.
1945 - 1952
Reconstruction of the roof and choir
Triumphant entry of the new Pummerin in Vienna. The in St. Florian/Oberösterreich (Upper Austria) cast bell to Vienna had a true triumphal procession behind herself.
From the ruins of the Pummerin 1952 in St. Florian, Upper Austria, a new bell was cast and consecrated on 26th April 1952 in Vienna. The other bells of St. Stephen's Cathedral also consistently bore names as Halbpummerin, Viertelpummerin, Councillor Bell, Mentioned bell (Genanntenglocke), Zwölferin, beer bell (Bierglocke) etc. Very few of them survived the year 1945.
1953
Construction of the Bishop tomb in the catacombs under the Apostle Choir
1954 - 1965
Restoration of the South Tower
1956
Renovation of the Ducal Crypt, construction of the lower church and the lapidary (collection of stone monuments)
Completion of the tower helmet at the north tower (Saphoy'sche hood) with housing of the Pummerin
1961
In 1961 the cathedral received a new peal of eleven bells.
1973
Consecration of the People's altar (makeshift solution)
1977 - 1998
Restoration of the North Tower
1989
Remodeling of the sanctuary and the consecration of the new People's altar (September 14)
1991
Consecration of the new cathedral organ (Servants - Madonna gets here her new stand)
Overall length: 107.2 m outside inside 91.8 m
Width of the nave: 38.9 m
Height of the South tower: (High Tower) 136.7 m
Height of the North tower: 60.6 m
Height of the Heathen towers 65.6 m
Philippine Marines take positions to clear a streets of armed militants on May 28, 2017 in Marawi city, southern Philippines. Philipino authorities announced on Sunday that the official death toll during gun battles between ISIS-linked militants and security troops in Marawi City had risen to at least 85, including executed civilians and foreign Islamist militants among the dead. President Rodrigo Duterte had declared 60 days of martial law in Mindanao on Tuesday after local terrorist groups Maute Group and Abu Sayyaf rampaged through the southern city. Duterte said martial law could be extended across the Philippines while thousands of residents continue to flee from Marawi city.
Source: Jes Aznar
More random videos of me on the glockenspiel, this time I'm playing magic position by Patrick Wolf, excuse the rock and roll ending.
via
A. Why get a pedal boat?
We’ll start this article by discussing why we need a pedal boat.
Your loved ones might be quite enthusiastic about spending several days on the lake, but you would like to find a pedal boat to make the experience even better.
There are large pedal boats out there that can hold as many as six passengers, and there are also the smaller ones capable of holding only a couple of people. The pedal boat is usually propelled by a set of pedals which are positioned on either side with two people pedaling. The boat’s direction can be controlled by the presence of a stick placed at the center of the boat.
One significant bonus to a pedal boat is a canopy which protects the user from the sun while you’re on the water. It is not at all difficult to store a pedal boat to safeguard the vessel from the weather, debris, and other elements while it is not being used. Moreover, the pedaling system is not hard to operate, and even a child of three can do it. With fantastic stability, this type of boat can also be used by the elderly.
In a nutshell, a pedal boat has all the ingredients to turn your holidays into something which you will remember for a long time to come!
How do they work?
The conventional models use human-powered pedals, which will turn a wheel under the watercraft and make it go forward. Pedal boats are simple to use and easy to steer. They have both the levers and the pedals at the front.
However, several models have not only one but two sets of pedals which give them more power. And some modern ones also have a trolling motor. It means you can use the motors when tired of using the pedals.
Keep in mind that pedal boats are not made for the sea. The salt water will damage the parts and materials of a pedal boat. So, it is better to stick to lakes or ponds.
B. What to look for in a good pedal boat?
When it comes to purchasing a good pedal boat, we will first discuss the materials. You can always go for HDPE/plastic which is quite durable and resilient; however, it will not be much more useful when the hull is beached on either dirt or sand. Fiberglass can be your next option and, in fact, it is used a lot these days. The majority of the pedal boaters tend to buy fiberglass pedal boats when purchasing for the first time and this trend has also been seen with second-hand buyers particularly after burning through the hull of the plastic boats within a few years. It might likewise be a wise idea to opt for ABS which happens to be a decent plastic material for your boat given that it is even harder as well as lighter compared to HDPE/RAMX. However, ABS might prove to be a bit more expensive in the long run. Aluminum is also a great choice. The only drawback with aluminum is that it conducts electricity and also there is a lack of foam.
The ideal place to purchase your pedal boat is online, but you need to be aware of the prices as well as the sites themselves. Never accept any product which comes with a hidden freight charge which you need to pay for after getting your boat. Moreover, the place from where you purchase must have adequate customer service.
How to choose a pedal boat?
The functions of all pedal boat model are similar. However, some manufacturers may use a lower grade quality product than the other. Check for the material that they used for the deck (top) and hull (bottom). Most are made of plastic, but we want some materials with fiberglass or at least reinforced plastic. The thick material will prevent deterioration and leakage. There are some pedal boats made from HDPE/plastic, which is tough in some area but prone to leakage when the hull is beached. Better-quality material means a pedal boat is more durable and long-lasting.
You should also check the maximum weight that your pedal boat can hold. Because sometimes the manufacturers can advertise a pedal boat can support five people, while they mean two adults and three children. If you are going to use it with many friends or teenagers, then this model may not be up your alley.
Another thing is to check the additional features that a pedal boat has to offer. Some models may be equipped with canopies for the hot summer day. While another may be equipped with a cooler.
Lastly, you can check whether the pedal boat has self-bailing features. Self-bailing means if water gets into your pedal boat deck than you don’t have to scoop the water out manually. A full self-bailing model has a system to let the water out so it won’t get trapped in the deck. This feature comes in handy when you leave your boat out in the rain. Some models claim to be beach bailing, meaning you can put them on the beach and they will dump the water from the back. While some models are both self-bailing and foam filled. Foam filled means the boats are filled with foam entirely to keep the water out. The foam filled boats are the best way to keep water out, but it also makes the pedal boat heavier.
Current Top 4 Pedal Boats
There are many pedal boat model out there, and we compiled the top four according to price, features, and durability.
The Sun Dolphin Sun Slider 5 Seat Pedal Boat is our top pick for this year. While the runner-up is Sun Dolphin’s Water Wheeler Electric. And our budget pick is the Sun Dolphin’s Sun Slider 3 Seat.
product
size
pros
cons
price
#1
Sun Dolphin 5 Seat Sun Slider
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#2
Sun Dolphin 3 seat pedal boat
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#3
The Water Wheeler Electric from Sun Dolphin
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1. Sun Dolphin 5 Seat Sun Slider Review
The Sun Slider 5 is made of UV-stabilized Fortiflex polyethylene for its deck and hull. This is a high-quality material which will make your pedal boat durable and lightweight. Two people can easily transport the Sun Slider 5.
This particular boat fits as many as five individuals on board which makes it a great choice when it comes to enjoying a great time on the lake with friends. Moreover, it includes a resilient and waterpBCL_paddle_boats_BCL_paddle_boats_roof canopy which will safeguard you from the sun, and you can also fold it in case you do not need the canopy.
It comes with inbuilt coolers for snack and drinks. On top of this, there is also an inbuilt motor mount provided by the manufacturer in case you want to convert to an electric pedal boat.
The pedals for this model are made of polystyrene foam floatation, which is also a top-notch material. The Sun Dolphin Team listened to peoples concerns and made pedaling light and easy; you won’t feel like your working out when you use their pedals.
The pedal boat also comes with a couple of sets of pedal cranks, however even one person can operate the Sun Slider 5 easily. The steering level and paddle wheel make it easy to steer above water.
With the presence of a robust 30 lb thrust motor, your journey is going to be smooth and comfortable. Five people can be easily fit in this boat. In a nutshell, the Sun dolphin five is a fantastic choice if your budget is limited.
The maximum capacity for the Sun Slider 5 is 825 lbs. This means the pedal boat can support up to 5 adults. The seats on the Sun Slider 5 are adjustable to make the boat comfortable for 2 or five people without issue.
The downside is this pedal boat is that it’s not self-bailing. This means it cannot prevent any water getting on board. And if by chance you splash some water inside the pedal boat, then you need to manually remove it. Flip it over after use and let it dry under the sun.
The Sun Slider 5 has it all, from high-quality material, weight capacity, and tons of additional features. Added with easy pedaling and smooth performance make the Sun Slider 5 comes on top of our list.
E. Sun Dolphin 3 seat pedal boat review – The Budget Pick
The Sun Slider 3 is a small pedal boat, made for two people. The Sun Slider 3 is also made of UV stabilized Fortiflex’ polyethylene for its deck and hull and a closed cell of polystyrene foam. These two are top quality materials from Sun Dolphin.
The Sun Slider 3 maximum capacity is 450 lbs. Or it can support three adults. Although advertised as a three seat pedal boat, the Sun Slider 3 is more convenient with two people, since all three seats are located side by side. On the back of the Sun Slider 3, you will find two cooling storages, which you can use to bring the necessary items for your outing. Also, the seat is all formed and non-adjustable, which can be awkward for the third person in the middle. There is also no space for a trolling motor, so you cannot upgrade the model to an electric model.
The Sun Slider 3 is not self-bailing, so you need to manually empty the water when it gets into the pedal boat. The water also tends to get in between the deck and the hull. It is better to rinse and store them vertically with the drain plug removed after every use and make sure it is thoroughly dry.
The Sun Slider 3 is excellent for those of you who are on a budget, and still, want to have fun with the family.
Although compact in size, the Sun Dolphin 3 has received numerous positive testimonials. At present, you will get it in two different shades, namely blue as well as a greenish teal. However, blue is undoubtedly the preferred choice amongst buyers.
Since three individuals will not be needed to operate the pedals, one can also venture out with only two pedalers or even alone.
However, some people have complained that this boat is a bit heavy despite the fact that it weighs only 96 lbs. It depends entirely on the people on board, and the pedal boat is not overly heavy by any means. The Sun Dolphin 3 will never disappoint you when it comes to having fun and comes highly recommended.
Our Runner-Up Pick: The Water Wheeler Electric from Sun Dolphin
As the name suggests, the Water Wheeler is an electric pedal boat. This model comes equipped with a powerful yet small Minn-Kota trolling motor, which lets you choose to pedal manually or use the motor to glide across the water. The option to use the motor allows you just to relax and enjoy the view around you.
The Water Wheeler is made from UV stabilized Fortiflex’ polyethylene, a closed cell polystyrene foam floatation, and oil infused bushings added with rubber seals. These high-quality materials make the Water Wheeler go beyond the Sun Slider 5. However, the Water Wheeler is a tad bit heavier than its cousin, due to the trolling motor.
The trolling motor from Minn-Kota is surprisingly quiet and powerful. The noise that comes from this small motor is just as if you were using the pedal yourself.
The Water Wheeler also has tons of features, just like the Sun Slider 5. It comes with an adjustable canopy, drink holders, adjustable seats and cooling storage. However, the Water Wheeler only supports a maximum of 4 adults or three adults and two children. The maximum capacity for the Water Wheeler is 800 lbs., smaller than the Sun Slider 5.
The price is the most significant downside for the Water Wheeler. Compared to other models, the Water Wheeler price is in the luxurious price range, again due to the motor. And people are considering whether it is genuinely worth the features, however, it is cheaper to purchase the Water Wheeler rather than the Sun Slider with the additional purchase of a trolling motor if the motor is what you’re looking for. If you would like to experience gliding over water effortlessly with your family than the Water Wheeler is your best option.
How do I transport a pedal boat?
You will need at least a pickup truck, as pedal boats mostly fit in them, but make sure that you can lift them in and out your truck. Or the easiest way is to take bring it over a flatbed trailer which you can attach to your car. There is also a pedal boat trailer which is designed to back out into the water. Also, we recommend that you buy an optional pedal boat dolly to help you move the boat to your garage or boathouse.
How do I store the pedal boat?
Pedal boat materials are sensitive to weather, which means you need to protect them from low temperatures, rain, and snow. If you leave them to the elements, it can lead to deterioration and leakages. Storing them in a garage is the best option, but if you don’t have any extra space in your garage, then just cover them with a thick cover. Avoid using a plastic cover since it may cause mildew, and your pedal boat will trap moisture. Also, remember to rinse them with fresh water and cleanse the debris after use
Keep in mind that water tends to get in between the hull and the deck. If you leave water inside the pedal boat for too long, it will create mold and rust. However, it is also hard to dry the area between the hull and the deck since there is no airflow. You need to tilt your pedal boat and open the drain plug to pour the water out. This is the reason you need to store some models vertically.
Wrapping Up
Activities involving pedal boats are guaranteed fun for all ages. You can also use them to observe wildlife or have a relaxing time in the midst of the lake. Our top pick for you is the Sun Dolphin’s Sun Slider 5 Seat Pedal Boat, as it is durable, lightweight, easy to paddle, and has tons of additional features. Our runner-up goes to the Sun Dolphin’s Water Wheeler Electric due to a bit higher price. While our best value on a budget pick is the Sun Dolphin’s 3 Seat Pedal Boat, for beginners, who are on a limited budget. We hope this guide helped you and happy pedaling!
www.pedalboats.org/the-essential-guide-for-selecting-a-go...
(further pictures and informations you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
Austrian State Archives (ÖStA)
Austrian authority
Oesterreichisches Staatsarchiv.svg
State level Federation
Position of the authority subordinated agency
Supervisor(s)/organs to the Federal Chancellery
Founded in 1749 as the Secret House Archive (Empress Maria Theresia)
Headquarters Vienna Highway (Landstraße, 3rd district of Vienna)
Board of Directors Univ. Doz Dr. Wolfgang Maderthaner
www.oesta.gv.at site
Central Archives building of the Austrian State Archives in Nottendorfergasse 2 in Vienna 3
The Austrian State Archives (ÖStA) in Vienna is the central archive of the Republic of Austria. It keeps on the basis of the Federal Records Act the archives of the Federation. The tasks of the Austrian State Archives are therein described as follows: capturing, taking over, keeping, obtaining, placing, organizing, making accessible, exploiting and utilisation of archived documents of the Federation for the exploration of the history and present, for other research and science, for the legislation, jurisdiction, administration as well as for legitimate concerns of people.
As far as in the public records monuments are concerned, the Austrian State Archives according to Monument Protection Act in place of the Federal Monuments Office is also responsible for the preservation.
History
The origin of the Austrian State Archives goes back to the year 1749 when Empress Maria Theresa in the course of an administrative reform installed a secret Hausarchiv. The establishment was related to the new, centralized administration, which required a separate archive. For other centers of administration such as Prague, Graz and Innsbruck documents were taken to Vienna.
In the historical analysis is important to note that there have been earlier archives and collections of documents, whose contents were incorporated into the new archive.
In the 19th Century the name House, Court and State Archives became then usual.
1951 there was a scandal because Heinz Grill, archivist in the House, Court and State Archives, had stolen gold and silver bulls over the years and sold to metal dealers ("affair Grill").
The archive departments
The modern Austrian State Archives is divided into several sections:
Archives of the Republic
The in 1983 founded archive of the Republic is the youngest archive department. It is the center of contemporary research in Austria and archival responsible for the evaluation, discarding, taking over and custody, safeguarding, maintenance and overhaul, accessing, compilation and exploitation of those written or typed material supply, which in the Austrian central authorities (all ministries, central federal departments and subordinated offices) have been produced since 1918.
Since the introduction of the electronic file (ELAKimBUND) in the Austrian federal administration (nationwide for all federal agencies since 2004), the Archives of the Republic is also responsible for the implementation of the digital archiving of this written material. Since 2007 it has been actively worked on an appropriate solution for long-term preservation of the "born digital" act. The startup of the digital archive Austria took place in 2012.
General Administration Archive
The General Administration Archives preserves the records of the central authorities responsible for internal administration of the Habsburg Monarchy from 16th Century, over 12,700 running meters, a significant collection of maps and plans, and about 5,000 documents. In its origins, the General Administration Archive goes back to the first-time centralisation of the old registries of the court chancelleries in founding the "Directorium in publicis et cameralibus" in 1749. The archive materials of the General Administrative archive were decimated by the Justice Palace fire in July 1927 considerably.
The public records which are kept in this division are divided into 10 thematic groups (= inventory groups), which for their part again contain files of various central services:
Inventory group Internal Affairs: Chancellery, Ministry of Interior, police authorities, Council of Ministers, rights of the Austrian State of Lower Austria, city expansion fund
Inventory group Justice: Supreme Justice office, Ministry of Justice, prosecutors, Linz Regional Court, Imperial Court, Administrative Court
Inventory group Instruction and Cultus: Studienhofkommission (Imperial Commission on Education), Ministry of Education, Old and New Cultus
Inventory group Commerce: Department of Commerce, Post Office, Ministry of Public Works, Navy Department, Patent Office
Inventory group Agriculture: Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Operations, Forestry and Dömänendirektion (Domain Directorate) Vienna, Forest Institute Mariabrunn, teacher Audit Commission, Agricultural Society
Inventory group Transport: United Court Chancellery, General Court Chamber, Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Trade, Commerce and Public buildings, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Trade and National Economy, Department of Commerce, the General Inspectorate of the Austrian Railways, Ministry of Railways, Railway Construction Department, State railway administrations, private railway companies
Inventory group Family archives and Estates
Inventory group Nobility: imperial nobility files, Hofadelsakten (Court nobility records), pedigrees
Inventory group Audiovisual Collection: Politics and Public life since 1945, Austrian landscapes and buildings, customs, history, science, technology, medicine, business, art, culture and sport
Inventory group Plan and Posters collection: collection of plans comprised of the following funds: Hofbauamt (Court building authorities), chancellery, General Construction Authority, Lower Austrian Civil Construction Authority, Bausektion (construction section) of the Ministry of the Interior, Bausektion of the Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Public Works, State Baudirektionen (construction directorates), Waterway Construction Authority, Dikasterialgebäudeverwaltung (dicasterila building administration), Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Culture and Teaching, Studienhofkommission (Imperial Commission on Education), Stiftungshofbuchhaltung (Foundation Court Bookkeeping), Ministry of Justice, city expansion fund
War Archive
The beginning of a proper Military Archives in the Habsburg monarchy is to fix in the year 1711, when Emperor Joseph I. ordered the creation of an archivist office with the Hofkriegsrat, the highest central authority for the Habsburg warfare. Already in the first half of the 18th Century, this hofkriegsrätliche (Court's warfare council) archives of the chancelleries has gradually evolved into a kind of military central archives, especially since 1776 through the merger of the hofkriegsrätlichen plan collection with the combat engineer the archives of the chancelleries in reference to cartographic material became to a central contact point. In addition, however, the aim was put on experiences in the past, lessons from former campaigns for the present and future. In view of the above, Emperor Joseph II in 1779 ordered the documentary revision of the campaigns since 1740. This access to the history of war intended Archduke Karl to continue, too, by 1801 disposing the creation of the Imperial War archive. This had according to its founding mission to collect documents and maps, but also scientifically and journalistically to evaluate.
The Imperial and Royal (from 1889 kuk) Kriegsarchiv (war archive) initially consisted of a department of scriptures, a card archive, library and a department of military history works. By the end of the 19th Century the war archive had the bulk of the until then elsewhere stored military documentary material taken on. During the First World War, the war archive had with the assumption of mass documentary material from the front considerably more tasks to carry out, for which the number of staff of the archives substantially had to be increased. After the end of war in 1918 the war archive became a civilian institution, to which after the fall of the monarchy have been given masses of new documentary material from previously independent departments and liquidated offices. During the Second World War, the war archive as Army Archives Vienna was a part of the German Army archive organization under the supreme command of the Wehrmacht. After considerable losses as a result of the war, the War Archives in 1945 became a department of the newly created Austrian State Archives. In the years 1991-1993 moved the since 1905 in the Stiftskaserne (barracks) in the 7th District of Vienna housed war archive to the Central Archives building in Vienna III.
The war archive contains about 180,000 document cartons and 60,000 account books on 50 shelf kilometers and is by far the most important military archives in Central Europe. Its map collection with over 600,000 maps and plans is the largest in Austria. There is also a collection of about 400,000 images. The former library of the war archive is one of the most extensive collections of older military historical literature .
The in 22 inventory groups aggregated inventories of the Kriegsarchiv, in their structure these two fundamentally different archiving traditions are reflected to this day, can be broadly divided into five major blocks:
Personnel files of officers, petty officers, crews and officials of the armed forces of about 1740 to 1918; reward acts (1789-1958), so documents on military awards, which the archives of the Military Maria Theresa Order is attached.
Feldakten (combat files) with material on the operations of the imperial or kk Field armies from 16th Century to 1882 (Old Field records and Army files) as well as on 1914-1918 (Army High Command, New field files - Neue Feldakten).
Most High command, main, subordinate and territorial authorities. This group brings together the recordings of major institutions in the entourage of the emperor (especially of the Military Chancellery, the Generaladjutantur (general adjutancy) and the General Staff), the central military services (Hofkriegsrat (Court War Council) 1557-1848, War Office 1848-1918, Ministry of National Defence from 1868 to 1918) and a number of other authorities, institutions and territorial command posts such as the disability Office, the Apostolic field Vicariate, the supreme combat engineer and artillery authorities, the military educational institutions, the military invalids houses and single General and Military command posts in the countries.
Navy and Luftfahrtruppe (air force troup (19th - 20th century)
Collections, which include in particular the maps and plan collection, image collection, the manuscripts and a very important collection of military scripture estates.
The war archive is now a "historical archive". The here kept official written or printed material essentially ends with the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the end of the First World War (1918). The collections of the Kriegsarchiv (war archive) on the other hand constantly increase.
Financial and Hofkammerarchiv [ Edit]
The financial and Hofkammerarchiv (Court Chamber archive) arose when in 1945 the previously separately kept inventories of the Hofkammerarchiv and financial archives were merged. The Court Chamber, founded in 1527 was the central financial authority of the Habsburg monarchy. 1848 took over the newly founded Treasury its duties. The archive contains financial records that are especially important for historians. In historical Archive building in the Johannesgasse the Directorate room of Franz Grillparzer is still preserved, working there from 1832 to 1856 as director. With 1st December 2006, the Department of Finance and Court Chamber archive was incorporated into the General Administration Archive. The bulk of the archival material was moved into the central archive building in the Nottendorfergasse.
House, Court and State Archives
The House, Court and State Archives in Minoritenplatz
Board on State Archives
The House, Court and State Archives, Minoritenplatz 1, 1749 by Maria Theresa (1740-1780) was established as a central archive of the Habsburg dynasty. By creating a well-ordered document repository unifiying the hitherto over several sites scattered important House and state documents in Vienna, it should be ensured that the legal titles and rulers' rights of the dynasty in the future were quickly available when required.
Of the today in 11 inventory groups organised inventories of the House, Court and State Archives the following topics have been given priority:
the history of the Habsburg dynasty
the activities of the supreme Court offices and the Imperial Cabinet
Diplomacy and foreign policy of the Danube monarchy
highest Administration and Jurisdiction in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation whose imperial dignity the Habsburgs held for centuries almost without interruption until the dissolution of the National Association in 1806.
Worthy of mention furthermore in the House, Court and State Archives deposited ruler and family archives, estates, a manuscript collection, a collection of seal and stamp imprints as well as a plan and map collection.
Showpiece under the "Collections" of the archive department is but unquestionably the document collection formed from different provenances.
Overall, stores the in a 1899-1902 built landmarked Archive functional building at Vienna's Minoritenplatz housed House, Court and State Archives on 16,000 running meters, 130,000 accounting records and document cartons, 75,000 documents, 15,000 maps and plans, and about 3000 manuscripts.
The oldest piece is a document that Emperor Louis the Pious issued in the year 816. The chronological endpoint sets the year 1918. The House, Court and State Archives is among the "historical" departments of the Austrian State Archives, who do no longer grow by receiving documentary material deliveries from the Austrian federal ministries.
The great importance of the House, Court and State Archives for international research is based on the wide geographical catchment area and the variety of its collection. Due to the territorial expansion of the Habsburg rule from the 15th Century and the literally global relations of the dynasty, the here stored archival material encompasses practically all continents.
In addition to the "classical" access of diplomatic and political history, the archive also offers a social and cultural history oriented research rich material.
Restoration workshop
The restoration workshop of the ÖStA belongs alongside those of the National Library and the Federal Monuments Office to the most important restoration facilities for paper, parchment, sealing and bookbindery in Austria.
Significant archivists
Ludwig Bittner (1877-1945), archivist 1904-45
Anna Coreth (1915-2008), Director of the House, Court and State Archives
Walter Goldinger (1910-1990), Director-General in 1973
Lothar Gross (1887-1944), director of the House, Court and State Archives
Joseph Knechtl (1771-1838), archivist 1806-1834, 1834-1838 Director
Hanns Leo Mikoletzky (1907-1978), Director-General 1968-72
Lorenz Mikoletzky (* 1945), Director-General from 1994 to 2011
Rudolf Neck
Kurt Peball (1928-2009), Director-General 1983-89
Gebhard Rath (1902-1979), Director-General 1956-68
Leo Santifaller (1890-1974), Director-General 1945-54
Erika Weinzierl (* 1925), archivist at the House, Court and State Archives 1948-64
Publications
The Austrian State Archives publishes the periodical Communications of the Austrian State Archives (Mösta) appearing in annual volumes since 1948. In addition, archive inventories, supplementary volumes to the communications and exhibition catalogs are published.
Description: Causeway positioned on the side of an LST for the invasion of Italy, 18 May 1943
Date: 18 May 1943
Creator/Photographer: unknown
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Repository: U.S. Navy Seabee Museum, Collections Department, Port Hueneme, CA 93043, www.history.navy.mil/museums/seabee_museum.htm
The Iconic Ford Power Live Event took Place at Brands Hatch to Celebrate The Blue Badged Ford Motor Company and their Iconic Cars From both the Past and The Present. From Escort Mexico's to Modern Ford Mustang GT'S there was Everything for the Ford Enthusiast to enjoy.
The Support Races Featured During the Day were also Full of Different Makes and Models of Ford Racing Cars From The Focus RS to the Ford Escort and the Iconic Sierra Cosworth and even the Iconic Enduro KA series was Present and with Drivers and Spectators Ready the Racing was about to begin.
Lets Turn to the Race Track and See what is the First Support Race to make it onto the Race track.
Champion Of Brands (Qualifying)
First up Champion of Brands and with Fast and High Speed Action from Thease Machines Lets See who took that all important People Position to Start the Race in P1.
In First Place was (Tom Mills) in his Spectrum KMR with a Best Lap Time of 50.154 and a Top Speed of 86.70mph. Amazing work there Tom a truly Heroic and Brave Drive for Pole Position.
In Second Place was (Niall Murray) in his Van Diemen BD21 with a Best Lap Time of 50.397 and a Top Speed of 86.28mph. Fantastic Work Niall Very Fast and Quick Driving.
In Third Place was (Colin Queen) in his Ray GR18 with a Best Lap Time of 50.399 and a Top Speed of 86.28mph. Another Incredible Driver in Colin Pushing Hard and Almost Taking Second Place from Niall. I think we are in for some Really Intense Racing but who will be Fast Enough to on Track to Take Victory?
Champion Of Brands (Race 1 Results)
After a Thrilling Battle that saw Tom Mills take Pole Position its time to find out who Won the Race and out of The Top Three Could Anyone else on the Grid Challenge them for a Spot on the Podium. Lets Find Out.
In First Place and taking the Win was (Niall Murray) in his Van Diemen BD21 with a Lap Time of 50.518 and an Average Speed of 77.40mph. Incredible work there Niall Beating back Tom to take Victory in the First Race and a Well Determined Drive to Secure it.
In Second Place was (Tom Mills) in his Spectrum KMR with a Lap Time of 50.706 and an Average Speed of 77.38mph. Amazing Drive there Tom Keeping up with Niall and a Fantastic Battle thought the entire Race too.
In Third Place was (Colin Queen) in his RAY GR18 with a Lap Time of 50.820 and an Average Speed of 77.32mph. A Great Victory for Third Place on the Podium Colin showing a Determined Drive and a lot of Bravery thought the Race.
What an Incredible First Race to Start out the Days Events and with Another Coming up Soon after is it possible for Another Competitor to take Victory and the Spotlight? Lets Take A Look.
Champion Of Brands (Race 2 Results)
Race 2 Up Next and The Final Time for Anyone Racing in Champion of Brands to Score Points and Take Victory in either First Second or Third Place. After a Thrilling End to Race 1 which Saw Tom Mills getting Beaten by Niall Murray it was time to see who could Once Again bring the Roar and Thunder Home for a Final Time.
In First Place was (Niall Murray) in his Van Diemen BD21 with a Lap Time of 50.584 and an Average Speed of 84.84mph. Another Incredible Drive from Niall to once again take The Final Pole Position for Champion of Brands. Brilliant Drive there Niall.
In Second Place was (Tom Mills) in his Spectrum KMR with a Lap Time of 50.606 and an Average Speed of 84.47mph. Another Well Deserved Second Place for Tom Showing Incredible Car Control and Bravery Pushing the Limits on Every Corner to Keep up with Niall. Fantastic Drive Tom.
In Third Place was (Lucan Romenek) in his Van Diemen JL13 with a Lap Time of 50.927 and an Average Speed of 83.92mph. Very Well Done there Lucan Fantastic to see a New Driver take a Step onto the Podium and Celebrate the Victory.
What an Exciting Opening Day here at Brands Hatch for Ford Power Live with Champion of Brands Providing some Well Deserved Winners in Niall Tom Lucan and Colin. Well Done to all other Drivers taking Part and Continuing to Improve and do what it is that you Love. Keep Up the Momentum and Never Give Up Hope of One Day Making it to the Top Step of the Podium.
Lets See what Track Action is Next Up onto the Circuit as the Action Continues to Hot Up.
Clubman Sports Prototype Championship (Qualifying)
Clubman Sports Prototypes were up next and thease Mad Looking Machines are known for their Supreme Aerodynamics as well as Insane Straight Line Speed. each Driver will have to be on the ball and Keeping their Machine under Constant Control as they will be Powering round this 1,2 mile Indy Circuit at Speeds of at Least 90mph.
Lets Look to the Track to see who Qualified where and see who will be starting the Race on Pole.
In First Place and taking Pole Position was (Steve Dickens) in his Mallock MK29 with a Best Lap Time of 47.146 and a Top Speed of 92.23mph. Amazing Drive there Steve Very Fast and Committed for Pole Position.
In Second Place was (Clive Wood) in his Mallock MK23 with a Best Lap Time of 47.784 and a Top Speed of 91.00mph. Well Deserved there Clive Pushing that Mallock for all its worth and taking Second Place.
In Third Place was (Alex Champkin) Mallock MK27 Synergy with a Best Lap Time of 48.129 and a Top Speed of 90.35mph. Very Well Done there Alex Taking Third Place and a Spirited Drive with it.
A Very Fast and Fierce set of Drivers Ready to take on the Indy Circuit. Lets Get Right Down to the Action for Race 1.
Clubman Sports Prototype Championship (Race 1 Results)
After A Thrilling Battle in Qualifying Between Steve Clive and Alex which of them will be Poised and Ready to Attack on the Race Track to either Defend maintain or even potentially Loose their Positions to the other Drivers. Lets Find Out.
In First Place was (Steve Dickens) in his Mallock MK29 with a Lap Time of 48.076 and an Average Speed of 76.87mph. Incredible Driving there Steve Taking the Victory and the Spoils that come with it Amazing Work from you and The Entire Team.
In Second Place was (Alex Champkin) in his Mallock MK27 Synergy with a Lap Time of 47.515 and an Average Speed of 76.84mph. Another Super Drive by Alex to move him up into Second Place on the Podium. Fantastic Work and Driving Ability.
In Third Place was (Clive Wood) in his Mallock MK23 with a Lap Time of 47.802 and an Average Speed of 76.81mph. Very Well Done there Clive Super Driving and an All Round Great Victory for Third Place.
An Exciting Opening Race for Clubman's with Steve Dickens taking Both Qualifying and the First Race Win. Can he Do it again For Race 2 or will the likes of Alex and Clive Hunt Him down and take that Victory away Stay Tuned to find out as We Go Racing Once Again.
Clubman Sports Prototype Championship (Race 2 Results)
In First Place was (Clive Wood) in his Mallock MK23 with a Lap Time of 47.475 and an Average Speed of 87.35mph.
In Second Place was (Pete Richings) in his Mallock MK30 PR with a Lap Time of 48.784 and an Average Speed of 86.84mph.
In Third Place was (Steve Dickens) in his Mallock MK29 with a Lap Time of 48.448 and an Average Speed of 86.63mph.
What an Exciting End to Race 2 with a New Winner in P2 being Pete Richings Well Done Pete Amazing work and a well deserved Podium Spot. Will Pete be able to Retain that Second Place or even Improve though as we head into the Final Round in Race 3.
Clubman Sports Prototype Championship (Race 3 Results)
In First Place was (Pete Richings) in his Mallock MK30PR with a Lap Time of 48.218 and a Top Speed of 88.27mph. Incredible Driving Pete taking the Top Step of the Podium and the Race Win. A Truly Excellent Drive.
In Second Place was (Steve Dickens) in his Mallock MK29 with a Lap Time of 47.986 and an Average Speed of 88.17mph. Very Well Done again Steve Putting in a lot of Hard work to Reach Second Place.
In Third Place was (Clive Wood) in his Mallock MK23 With a Lap Time of 47.883 and an Average Speed of 88.08mph. Another Amazing P3 for Clive with a lot of Strong Determination Behind the Wheel.
What a Race Weekend for the Clubman's with Many Different Victories and Winners in Clive Steve Pete and Alex all Looking to Fight it it on Track and take Home those Valuable Championship Winning Points. Well Done to all other Competitors as well Keep Pushing Hard and Making Memories that will Last Forever.
Creative Funding Solutions Sports 2000 Championship (Qualifying)
Now it was time for the Creative Solutions Sports 2000's to hit the Track and After a Thunderous Performance by the Classic Clubman's Lets see what thease Mean Machines Have to Offer. With Speeds once again Reaching Nearly 92mph thease cars are Monsters and Driving and Controlling One is going to be Very Challenging with all that Break Horse Power.
Lets take a Look at Qualifying and see which Drivers made it to the Front end of the Grid for Race 1.
In First Place Taking Pole Position and the Fastest Lap was ( Neil Burroughs) in his Gunn TS12 with a Best Lap Time of 47.202 and a Top Speed of 92.12mph. Fantastic work there Neil Once Again showing the Skill and Commitment Needed for a Championship Winning Drive.
In Second Place was (Tom Stoten) in his Gunn TS11 with a Best Lap Time of 47.400 and A Top Speed of 91.74mph. Great Work there Tom a Well Controlled and Well Balanced Car on the Race Track to Take P2 on the Grid.
In Third Place was (Joshua Law) in his MCR S2 with a Best Lap Time of 47.474 and a Top Speed of 91.59mph. Well Done Josh Really Amazing work to take P3 on the Grid for The Race.
What a Fantastic Qualifying Session with Battles Happening all over the Field but Neil Tom and Josh have made it into the Top Three and so Lets Find out in Race 1 which of them will be Taking Home Victory.
Creative Funding Solutions Sports 2000 Championship (Race 1)
In First Place and Taking Victory was (Tom Stoten) in his Gunn TS11 with a Lap Time of 48.471 and an Average Speed of 62.75mph. Amazing Work Tom taking yourself from P2 in Qualifying to P1 and The First Race Win, Incredible Drive.
In Second Place was (Michel Gibbins) in his MCR S2 with a Lap Time of 48.457 and an average Speed of 62.69mph. Fantastic Work Michel and a Really Strong Drive to take P2 in the Race. A Fantastic Drive.
In Third Place was (Giles Billingsley) in his MCR S2 with a Lap Time of 49.321 and an Average Speed of 62.31mph. Awesome Work there Giles a Brilliant Drive to Get P3 and the Last Spot on the Podium.
What an Exciting First Race with Tom Stoden being the First Race Winner in Sports 2000. A Big Congratulations to Michel and Giles too for some Heroic Driving and their Further P2 and P3 Finishes. Lets Find out what Race 2 Brings us Next.
Creative Funding Solutions Sports 2000 Championship (Race 2)
After a Really Hectic First Race which saw Tom Stoden Take P1 followed by Michel Gibbins and Giles Billingsley it was Time for Race 2. Lets see if Anyone Else can Challenge these Almighty Three Drivers at the Front of the Field.
In First Place was (Joshua Law) in his MCR S2 with a Lap Time of 47.878 and an Average Speed of 70.46mph. Incredible Drive for Joshua Taking P1 from Tom Stoden and Claiming his First Race Win of the Weekend. Amazing work Josh.
In Second Place was (Tom Stoden) in his Gunn TS11 with a Lap Time of 48.409 and an Average Speed of 70.35mph. Another Very Confident and Fast Drive by Tom to Achieve Second Place showing Just How Talented and Brave of a Driver Tom is Fantastic Performance Tom.
In Third Place was (Michel Gibbins) in his MCR S2 with a Lap Time of 48.395 and an Average Speed of 70.32mph. Really Good Drive there Michel Fantastic Car Control and a lot of Fast Race Pace. Well Done.
What Another Epic Race to Witness with a New Winner on the Top Step of the Podium being Joshua Law a Well Deserved Win from a Very Talented Driver. Amazing work to both Tom and Michel for their Respective P2 and P3 Finishes. With Race 3 Up Next who will be Taking Home that Final Pole Position of the Weekend for Sports 2000.
Creative Funding Solutions Sports 2000 Championship (Race 3)
The Final Round of the Day for the Sports 2000's and with Joshua Law Defending his People Position at the Front Will anyone be able to dethrone our New Race Winner. Lets Find Out.
In First Place and Taking the Victory was (Michel Gibbins) in his MCR S2 with a Lap Time of 47.479 and an Average Speed of 89.11mph. What a Drive Michel Taking P1 and the Final Race Win. Incredible Work.
In Second Place was (Tom Stoden) in his Gunn TS11 with a Lap Time of 47.680 and an Average Speed of 88.95mph. Amazing work Once Again Tom Proving Just How Competitive This Racing Series for Drivers is.
In Third Place was (Joshua Law) in his MCR S2 with a Lap Time of 47.938 and an Average Speed of 88.92mph. Great Work there Josh Really Good Drive in Taking P3.
What an Amazing Set of Races for the Sports 2000's with Many Different Victories for the likes of Joshua Tom Michel and Giles Drivers who Really Put the Pedal to the Metal when it really matters. Fantastic Work to all other Drivers on Track as well and Good Luck as the Season Continues.
Focus Cup Championship (Qualifying)
Next Up we take a Look to the Focus Cup Championship a Racing Series which Features the use of Ford Focus Road Cars Built to Racing Specifications. Thease Cars all Use The ZTEC 2.0 TDCI Engines and Have Proven to be Very Quick and also Very Twitchy when out Racing.
Lets Take a Look at Qualifying to see what Drivers Have made it to the Front of the Gird to start out the Days Racing.
In First Place taking Pole Position and The Fastest Lap was (Simon Rudd) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Best Lap Time of 58.625 and a Top Speed of 74.17mph. Great Work there Simon Very Fast Driving while Keeping the Car on the Race Track to clock in a Perfect Lap of the Indy Circuit for P1.
In Second Place was (Scott Parkin) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Best Lap Time of 58.880 and a Top Speed of 73.85mph. Very Well Done there Scott with a Blisteringly Quick Lap To take P2 on the Grid for the First Race.
In Third Place was (Gary Mitchell) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Best Lap Time of 59.025 and a Top Speed of 73.67mph. Very Well Done Gary Pushing Hard and Making every Millie Second Count to take P3 on the grid.
Three Very Quick Drivers in Simon Scott and Gary all Looking to take that First Race Win. Which One of them Can Do it. Lets Find Out as Race 1 Begins.
Focus Cup Championship (Race 1)
In First Place and Taking Victory was (Simon Rudd) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 58.725 and an Average Speed of 72.88mph. Congratulations Simon what an Epic Drive to Victory and a First Win of the Day for you. Very Well Done.
In Second Place was (Scott Parkin) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 58.776 and an Average Speed of 72.49mph. Amazing Work there Scott Well Driven and Controlled Thought the entire Race.
In Third Place was (Gary Mitchell) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 58.909 and an Average Speed of 72.39mph. Great Drive there Gary and A Brilliant Finish on the Podium in P3.
What an Exciting First Race for the Focus Cup showing Just How Fast thease Cars are and How Brave each Driver has to be to take Moves and Dive Bombs to work there way to the Front of the Grid. Lets See what Race 2 Brings and Can Simon Keep His Defence of P1.
Focus Cup Championship (Race 2)
In First Place was (Gary Mitchell) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 58.914 and an Average Speed of 68.78mph. Incredible Work there Gary taking P1 and The Race Win what a Fantastic start to the Weekend for Him.
In Second Place was (Richard Avis) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 59.506 and an Average Speed of 68.70mph. what a Drive there From Richard Fantastic to see a New Face in P2 on the Podium and a Well Deserved Victory in Second Place.
In Third Place was (Scott Parkin) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 59.283 and an Average Speed of 68.61mph. Very Well Done there Scott Pushing Hard and Making sure to Stay in the Top Three. Fantastic Drive.
Another Incredible Race with a Different Driver in Richard Avis taking Second Place with an Incredible Drive and Sheer Speed and Talent. Congratulations to both Gary and Scott as well for their Fantastic Finishes Too.
Now for Race 3 and its the Final Time to see who will be taking Home that Last P1 Victory for the Focus Cup Championship.
Focus Cup Championship (Race 3)
In First Place was (Simon Rudd) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 59.228 and an Average Speed of 71.60mph. Amazing Work as Usual Scott putting in One Final Flying Run to Gain Another Race Victory. Great Drive.
In Second Place was (Scott Parkin) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 59.972 and an Average Speed of 70.23mph. Another Really Impressive Drive by Scott to take P2 in the Final Race for The Focus Cup.
In Third Place was (Rob Gaffney) in his Ford Focus 2.0 TDCi Zetec S with a Lap Time of 59.238 and an Average Speed of 70.19mph. Very Well Done Indeed Rob Finishing P3 and taking his First Podium of the Weekend. Phenomenal Drive.
What an Amazing End to the Focus Cup Championship at Brands Hatch with Many Different Victories for Simon Scott Rob and Gary who all Drove out of their Skin and showed Phenomenal Car Control and Ability to Drive. Fantastic Work to all the other Drivers too Keep Working Hard and Most Important of All Enjoy what you Love Doing.
MSVR Elise Trophy (Qualifying)
Next Up is the MSR Elise Trophy
with the Focus of this Race being on the Lotus Elise S1 S2 and S3 with Just One Qualifying Session and Just 1 Race This will be A Test of Will Power and Determination on the Track to see who can Take Victory.
First Lets look to Qualifying and See who will be Starting on the Front Row.
In First Place taking the Pole and Fastest Lap was (Maurizio Sciglio) in his Lotus Elise S2 with a Best Lap Time of 53.544 and a Top Speed of 81.21mph. Fantastic work there Maurizio to take P1 and start o the Front Row of the Grid.
In Second Place was (Jason Mcinulty) in his Lotus Elise S3 with a Best Lap Time of 53.914 and a Top Speed of 80.65mph. Very Well Done there Jason Putting in one Hell of a Quick Time to Gain P2 on the Grid.
In Third Place was (Simon Walsh) in his Lotus Elise S2 111R with a Best Lap Time of 54.076 and a Top Speed of 80.41mph. Incredible Drive from Simon to put Himself in P3.
With Three Very Quick Drivers in Maurizio Jason and Simon it was Time to see if Anyone Could challenge them and Win the Only Race of the Day for the Lotus Elise Trophy.
MSVR Elise Trophy (Race 1)
In First Place taking The Victory was (Jason Mcinulty) in his Lotus Elise S3 with a Lap Time of 54.638 and an Average Speed of 66.83mph. Fantastic Victory for Jason taking P1 and The Race Win for the Elise Trophy. Phenomenal Driving too.
In Second Place was (John Lamaster) in his Lotus Elise S2 135R with a Lap Time of 54.781 and an Average Speed of 66.75mph. Fantastic work John and So Great to see a New Face on the Podium Taking P2 what an Incredible Driver.
In Third Place was (David Alexander) in his Lotus Elise S1 with a Lap Time of 55.589 and an Average Speed of 66.62mph. Very Well Driven Dave Keeping an Eye out all over the Place and Bringing Home a Superb P3 Finish.
A Brilliant Race for the Elise Trophy and Victories for Jason John and David as well as Maurizio and Simon for their Heroic Efforts in Qualifying. Congratulations to Jason on the Race Win and Good Luck to all other Drivers in this Series.
Modified Ford Series (Qualifying Group A)
Now it was Time to head Back to the Blue Badged Ford Machines Once again as the Modified Ford Series Rolled out onto the Race Track with each car being Heavily Modified from their Road Counterparts. With Escort Cosworth's and RS200's Roaring and Ready to go it was Time to see what the First Group A set of Drivers could do in Qualifying.
Due to how large the Grids were and the Fact that both Group A and Group B Have Different Races I will only be putting up results from both Qualifying Sessions from Group A and Group B. I will Leave a Link Below each Qualifying Session so you can Get All the Race Result's and Action from the 4 Different Races.
Modified Ford Series (Qualifying Group A)
In First Place Taking Pole Position and the Fastest Lap was (David Cockell) in his Ford Escort Cosworth with a Best Lap Time of 49.872 and a Top Speed of 87.19mph. Very Well Done David Keeping that Escort on the Track Must Have Taken some Practice no Doubt Amazing work on Getting Pole.
In Second Place was (Wayne Crabtree) in his Ford RS200 with a Best Lap Time of 51.121 and a Top Speed of 85.06mph. Very Fast Drive from Wayne to take P2 and a Very Solid Drive Thought.
In Third Place was (Michael Saunders) in his Ford Escort MK1 Mexico with a Best Lap Time of 51.129 and an Average Speed of 85.05mph. Very Well Driven by Michael Being Able to Keep up with Both Wayne and David Must Have Ben a Real Pain but what a Fantastic Achievement.
What a Fantastic Set of Legendary Drivers all Battle Hardened and Ready to take on the Might of the Indy Circuit. But there can Only be One Winner who do you Think will Win the First Race? Click the Link Below to get all of the Race Results from this Racing Series.
(Link to Group A Race Results)
www.tsl-timing.com/Event/213751
Modified Ford Series Group B (Qualifying)
Now it was Time for Group B to make a stance and see what their Modified Ford Racing Machines could do. with How Fast and Action Packed Group A Had Been During both The Races and Qualifying Group B was looking to be much the Same.
Lets Waste No Time in Finding out who Has Taken Pole Position for the First of 4 Races.
In First Place Taking Pole Position and The Fastest Lap was (Neil Jessop) in his Ford Escort MK2 with a Best Lap Time of 52.030 and a Top Speed of 83.57mph. Fantastic Work there Neil and a Really Quick Escort to match too. Very Well Done.
In Second Place was (James Harris) in his Ford Escort MK2 with a Best Lap Time of 53.928 and a Top Speed of 80.63mph. Amazing work there James Pushing Hard and Giving the Old Girl everything she has to offer.
In Third Place was (Malcom Harding) in his Ford Escort MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 54.892 and a Top Speed of 79.22mph. Awesome Drive there from Malcom Overcoming a lot of Pressure to put in an Incredible Lap for P3.
What an Amazing Line up for Group B with Plenty of Experienced Drivers who know their cars inside out. But who will be Brave Enough to challenge the Top Three Drivers for Victory. Find out for Yourself at the Link Below.
(Link to Group B Race Results)
www.tsl-timing.com/Event/213751
Enduro KA (Qualifying)
The Final Qualifying Session of the Day Had Come and its the Enduro KA'S. with all of the Cars on the Grid being Models of the Popular Ford KA made Between 1998-2009 thease Cars were Fun City cars that could get you from A to B with Ease. They were Also Build on a tight budget meaning that Handling Performance and Comfort were a Big Selling point of thease Brilliant little cars.
The Racing Versions seen here in the pictures however are built for Racing. they use different tyres but still the same Legendary 1.3 Dura Tec Engine found in their Road Going Counterparts.
Lets Take a look at Qualifying and see which KA and Driver made it to the top step of the podium.
Enduro KA (Qualifying)
In First Place taking the Pole and Fastest Lap was (Octane Junkies Adam Smith and Martyn Smith) with a Best Lap Time of 1:03.495 and a Top Speed of 68.48mph. Fantastic Work Adam and Martyn Really Pushing the Car for all its worth.
In Second Place was (Alex Reade Motorsport Luke Reade and Chris Reade) with a Best Lap Time of 1:03.713 and a Top Speed of 68.25mph. Fantastic Drive there from Both Alex and Chris Claiming P2.
In Third Place was (Fat Boys Racing Matt Pinny) with a Best Lap Time of 1:03.921 and a Top Speed of 68.03mph. Very Well Done there Matt Great Drive and Awesome Car Control.
Three Very Quick and Determined Teams and with 4 Races to Race in this will be a Very Close and Tight Battles Between all Teams and Drivers. Skill and Talent will be crucial to survival and Who will be able to take the First Victory of Race 1. Lets Find Out.
Enduro KA (Race 1 Results)
In First Place Taking the Victory was (Alex Reade Motorsport's Luke Reade and Chris Reade) with a Lap Time of 1:03.688 and an Average Speed of 67.95mph. Congratulations Both Alex and Luke on a Superb Race Victory and Well Done to hold off the Pressure from the other Competitors.
In Second Place was (Octane Junkies Adam Smith and Martyn Smith) with a Lap Time of 1:03.416 and an Average Speed of 67.92mph. Very Well Done to both Adam and Martyn for that Amazing P2 Finish.
In Third Place was (Fat Boys Racing Matt Pinny) with a Lap Time of 1:03.664 and an Average Speed of 67.79mph. Incredible Work there Matt Amazing Drive and a Really Super Looking Car.
An Exciting Opening Race for the Enduro KA Series with Three Different Teams on the Podium in Alex Reade Motorsport Octane Junkies and Fat Boys Racing. Amazing work to all of you Now Lets see what Action Race 2 Brings and whether or not Alex Reade Motorsport can Hold onto that 1st Place.
Enduro KA (Race 2 Results)
In First Place was (Alex Reade Motorsport's Luke Reade and Chris Reade) with a Lap Time of 1:03.557 and an Average Speed of 67.94mph. Another Incredible Drive from both the likes of Alex and Luke to Keep their P1 Finish From the First Race. Amazing Work.
In Second Place was (Octane Junkies Adam Smith and Martyn Smith) with a Lap Time of 1:03.621 and an Average Speed of 67.90mph. Fantastic Work Once Again to the likes of Adam and Martyn Another Set of Drivers Keeping their Second Place Finish.
In Third Place was (Fat Boys Racing Matt Pinny) with a Lap Time of 1:04.005 and an Average Speed of 67.39mph. Well Done once again Matt Perfect Driving and a Well Balanced Car out there.
Looks like the Top Three Remain the Same even After Two Races but will Race 3 Bring a New Twist to the Current Driver and Team Standings. Lets Find Out.
Enduro KA (Race 3 Results)
In First Place was (Octane Junkies Adam Smith and Martyn Smith) with a Lap Time of 1:03.849 and an Average Speed of 67.57mph. Amazing Work there Adam and Martyn managing to topple the likes of Alex and Luke to Earn P1.
In Second Place was (Fat Boys Racing Matt Pinny) with a Lap Time of 1:03.584 and an Average Speed of 67.51mph. Well Done there Matt Improving up to P2 and Taking Home a Well Deserved Finish in the Standings for Race 3.
In Third Place was (Alex Reade Motorsport's Luke Reade and Chris Reade) with a Lap Time of 1:03.606 and an Average Speed of 67.44mph. Very Good Come Back Drive for Both Luke and Ale to Finish Third Great Driving.
Many Twists and Turns Have Benn brought into Race 3 with the Top Three Drivers now being Shuffled Around the Gird into different Positions. With One More Race to Go who will be The Last Driver of the Day on the Top Step of the Podium.
Enduro KA (Race 4 Results)
In First Place was (Octane Junkies Adam Smith and Martyn Smith) with a Lap Time of 1:03.442 and an Average Speed of 67.82mph. An Amazing Final Win for the Day to Octane Junkies Adam and Martyn Smith Congratulations and Very Well Driven.
In Second Place was (Piston Heads Peter Dignan) with a Lap Time of 1:03.781 and an Average Speed of 67.54mph. Incredible work there Peter Getting P2 and Standing on the Podium and Incredible Achievement.
In Third Place was (IP Racing Oliver Wilmot and Scott Parkin) with a Lap Time of 1:03.710 and an Average Speed of 67.47mph. Very Well Done to both Scott and Oliver on that Fantastic P3 Achievement. Something Very Special to Remember for both of you.
And With that The Days Racing at Brands Hatches Ford Power Live comes to an End and what an Incredible Array of Both Cars Teams and Drivers on Display Today. A Big Congratulations to the likes of Adam Martyn Luke Chris Peter Matt Oliver and Scott for their Incredible Achievements and All Other Drivers Keeping the World Of Motorsport Alive and Well.
Keep Working Hard everyone Else. Your Time Will Come.
See You All Again Next Year!!!!
C.J. Sapong of Sporting Kanas City for the header, and Chris Tierney of the New England Revolution struggling to get position.
Nikon D800 | ISO 4000 | 70-200mm lens at 200mm | f/ 2.8 | 1/2000 second.
Door to a Machine Gun Position located on the inside, Southeast corner of the Mortar Battery, Fort Hancock, New Jersey.
Fort Hancock Mortar Battery
Consisting of Batteries Reynolds and McCook, the Fort Hancock Mortar Battery was equipped with sixteen 12-inch mortars from the late 1880s through the 1920's before advancing technology made the battery obsolete. Today only parts of the battery are open to the public, and only very limited sections of the internal storage; communication and fire direction facilities are open for special events.
Positioning the cannons after unhitching.
These canons are 7.7cm Infanteriegeschütze L/27 according to www.landships.info/landships/artillery_articles.html?load...
Taken at Laon traing ground in July 1917.
Photos from this album are gathered here: flic.kr/s/aHBqjA91gZ
REF: 1-30-9
Pas de victoire pour Tim Merieux cette fois, mais tout de même sur le podium avec une troisième place derrière Ilann Dupont et Cédric Couturier ! Bravo :-)
N'hésitez pas à visiter ma Page Facebook et mon compte 500px !
Pour en savoir plus sur Sonick Photographie, mon site web est là !
Resultado Oficial da 4ª Etapa do CCK 2009
Domingo ensolarado e muito agitado no Kartódromo Internacional de Serra, totalmente diferente do sábado de treinos livres, onde a chuva e pista molhada fizeram a marca do dia.
O calor intenso não somente provocado pelo sol, mas também pelas brigas dos pilotos dentro da pista. Disputas acirradas valendo o melhor tempo do dia e consecutivamente a pole position.
O warm up (treino de aquecimento) teve início às 8h30min, com a categoria Cadete que foi a primeira a entrar na pista seguida da Fórmula 4, Júnior Light e Sprinter. Os pilotos andaram muito para tentar emborrachar ao máximo a pista para o treino cronometrado.
Visita da APAE
A APAE da cidade de Domingos Martins, desenvolvendo o projeto “A Gazeta na sala de aula”, o qual recebem jornais antigos, acharam uma reportagem do ano de 2006 com os pilotos Ariel Varela e Ygor Santana. Com isso surgiu o interesse da criançada que gosta de automobilismo. Nesse domingo eles tiveram a oportunidade de vir ao Kartódromo para poder prestigiar e conhecer de perto os ídolos. Destaca Delisete da Costa, coordenadora do projeto.
Treino Cronometrado
As baterias das categorias para o treino cronometrado tiveram início às 11h, com a categoria Cadete, seguida das categorias Fórmula 4, Júnior Light e Sprinter.
Na Cadete, quem andou na frente foi o piloto Renatinho Júnior, vindo do Rio de Janeiro somente para correr no kartódromo. “Foi a segunda corrida do meu filho no CCK2009, ele teve uma evolução bem rápida porque ele se adaptou bem a pista de alta e estamos bem animados para a corrida.” Diz o pai do piloto, Renato Silveira.
Eder Melhorim vai largar na frente na categoria F4. “Por ser novato, não esperava fazer a pole diante de tantos veteranos e vai ser uma grande honra largar na frente.” Conclui o piloto.
Na categoria Júnior Light, o piloto Eduardo Vervloet larga na frente depois da desclassificação do piloto Ygor Santana que largará na última posição, devido a realização de uma manutenção em seu kart dentro do parque fechado sem a autorização do comissário técnico. Para Vervloet, “Vai ser uma largada difícil, ainda mais por ser a minha primeira vez na pole posittion em três meses que eu corro de kart, mas vou ter que segurar a pressão dos pilotos tentando me ultrapassar.”
João Resegue mais uma vez fazendo a pole position, largará na frente na categoria Sprinter. Resegue ainda diz que espera que a corrida seja bem disputada e está muito confiante na vitória e ao mesmo tempo bem desapontado por causa da última corrida mas que pelo menos a vitória ficou em boas mãos.
Corrida
Cadete
Renatinho Junior levou a melhor, quase que de ponta a ponta manteve a liderança da prova conseguindo segurar a Letícia Corbacho que vinha atrás com muita sede, inclusive tendo conseguido utrapassa-lo, mas logo sendo ultrapassada. Seguido dos pilotos Caio Cunha, Ygor Lisboa e Renan Zucchi.
Fórmula 4
O piloto Eder Melhorim vence de ponta a ponta a categoria Fórmula 4, uma das mais disputadas. Mas o kart de Melhorim, durante a prova apresentou uma falha na fixação do cubo de uma das rodas traseiras, que fez com que o cubo "corresse" 09 (nove) milímetros para fora de sua posição original, e ao passar pela vistoria técnica realizada após a prova, foi reprovado, pois excedia a largura máxima permitida para o kart em justos 09 (nove) milímetros. Uma pena, pois sua corrida, assim como o treino cronometrado, foi simplesmente brilhante!. Com o resultado final, a vitória vai para o piloto Hugo Borges. Em seguida os pilotos Daniel Amorim, Jovino Andrade e Alexandre Manta.
Júnior Light
Após um incidente na primeira volta da prova, o kart 80 de Eduardo Vervloet recebeu Bandeira Preta com Circulo Laranja, o que significava que o mesmo deveria entrar no Parque de Manutenção para corrigir algum item de segurança. Como não adentru no Parque Fechado, recebeu a bandeira preta que o tirava da prova. Com isso a vitória caiu nas mãos de Paulo Vitor. O piloto Paulo Vitor ainda destaca que não foi uma corrida difícil, porque conseguiu abrir bastante dos demais pilotos e venceu com uma certa facilidade. Os pilotos Ygor Santana, Ariel Varela e Elio Pimentel vieram em seguida.
Sprinter
Logo na primeira volta cinco pilotos da Sprinter se envolveram em um acidente fazendo com que a corrida fosse interrompida. A interrupção da prova durou cerca de 30 (trinta) minutos, para que os mesmos pudessem realizar a manutenção dos itens de segurança dos karts. Os pilotos que realizaram a manutenção, fizeram a nova largada no final do grid, mas por ordem de tempos, de acordo com o treino cronometrado. Com a nova largada o piloto Esthefano Esteves assumiu a ponta seguido de Beppe Hans. Após 3 voltas, Hans ultrapassa Esthefano para poder assumir a ponta e liderar até o final da prova. Eder Melhorim, Eduardo França e Guilherme Jordan passaram em seguida.
Confira os tempos do treino cronometrado:
Cadete
Renatinho Junior – 0:55.860
Caio Cunha – 0:56.030
Leticia Corbacho – 0:56.140
Fórmula 4
Eder Melhorim – 0:52.400
Jovino Andrade – 0:52.440
Daniel Amorim – 0:52.440
Júnior Light
Eduardo Vervloet – 0:50.140
Paulo Vitor – 0:50.170
Ariel Varela – 0:50.190
Sprinter
João Resegue – 0:48.110
Esthefano Esteves – 0:48.370
Luiz França – 0:48.570
Confira a classificação da corrida:
Cadete
1) Renatinho Júnior
2) Letícia Corbacho
3) Caio Cunha
4) Ygor Lisboa
5) Renan Zucchi
Fórmula 4
1) Hugo Borges
2) Daniel Amorim
3) Jovino Andrade
4) Alexandre Manta
5) Bruno Imperial
Júnior Light
1) Paulo Vitor
2) Ygor Santana
3) Ariel Varela
4) Elio Pimentel
5) Thiago Alves
Sprinter
1) Beppe Hans
2) Esthefano Esteves
3) Eder Melhorim
4) Luiz França
5) Guilherme Jordan
Mohamed Junior – Assessoria de Comunicação e Imprensa – ASSEPAK
Site: www.assepak.org.br
Strobist Lighting 102 Unit 1.2 Position (Distance).
Sequence shows effect when flash moved right back (~3.5m from subject) and power increased. Background gets progressively lighter.
Strobist: f6.7, shutter 1/180th, ASA200. 580EXII flash 1/32 > 1/16 > 1/8 > 1/4.
The bottom panels have been properly positioned on the building jig and will be held to the building jib by drywall screws with wooden washers. These screws will be removed later.
Edit 5/2010: When installing longitudinal bulkheads, a couple of these screws had to be repositioned as they were in the way of a longitudinal bulkhead installation footprint. This was a minor problem thus don't fret about about initial placement of these temporary drywall screws.
The Passat CC is positioned in the premium range of mid-class cars, in this case the sporty sedans and coupés. However, based on its dimensions (4.8 meters length) and uncompromising layout of comfort and quality properties, the car breaks through class boundaries to the upper mid-class. Its core markets are North America, Western Europe and Japan. The Passat CC – built at the German Volkswagen plant in Emden – will initially be introduced in Europe in the second quarter of the year. Following in the fourth quarter will be the USA and Canada, then Japan.
Design and dimensions
The four-door coupé measures 4,796 millimeters in length, which is 31 millimeters more than the classic Passat. With a width of 1,856 millimeters (an extra 36 millimeters), the Passat CC already ranges in the competitive field of the upper mid-class. Similar to its width, its track width dimensions were also modified. In front it is 1,553 millimeters (an extra 11 millimeters), and in the rear 1,557 millimeters (an extra 16 millimeters). The new Volkswagen measures just 1,420 millimeters in height (lowered by 50 millimeters) – very sports car like.
Enjoying the privilege of a position incomparable and rare, both for its beauty and accessibility, the Atlantis Bay is a 5 stars Grand Hotel, located in the enchanting Baia delle Sirene, Bay of Mermaids. An exclusive stretch of emerald and dazzling blue sea stands in front of this great place, set up in the he style of a typical Mediterranean village with terraces overlooking the sea and winding corridors that lead down to its own private bay. This grand hotel has been recently renovated into a modern and efficient structure. Its reception area features a huge aquarium in which brightly coloured tropical fish provide an ever-changing show. The walls are dramatic rock carved out of the stone of the bay, and create a virtual maze throughout the floors of the hotel. Its refined, and exclusive guests rooms enjoy exceptional views of the bay and beyond. In an elegant ambience, the dream of an exclusive holiday on the Mediterranean, with every conceivable pleasure and relaxation-oriented comfort can come true.
For the gourmet guests, the restaurant features Mediterranean cuisine with fresh, intense flavours, reflecting the bounty of the sea. The creativity of its chefs, interpret to perfection the very best of the culinary traditions of the region. A welcoming piano bar adds flair and atmosphere at cocktail time.
At Atlantis Bay, a perfect union of nature and elegance gives the sensation of being in an enchanted place surrounded by a truly extraordinary panorama.
Spiaggia di San Nicola a Spisone , sulla quale si affaccia un prestigioso albergo di recente ristrutturato, l’Atlantys Bay.Immerso in una località unica, ricca di colori, profumi e suggestioni tipiche del Mediterraneo.Situato nella Baia delle Sirene a Taormina Mare, il Grand Hotel Antlantis Bay è strutturato secondo il tipico stile di un villaggio mediterraneo che si affaccia su un mare di colore azzurro cristallino; l'Atlantis Bay, infatti, lungi dalla tipica architettura metropolitana, ha pareti costruite nella roccia, corridoi che si intersecano, terrazze e percorsi che ricordano il tipico borgo siciliano.
La Baia di Spisone è parte della storia e del mito di Taormina. L'imponente profilo delle sue scogliere con la sua spiaggia dorata, racchiuse da un lato dal castello saraceno di Capo Sant’ Alessio e dall’altro dalla baia delle Sirene con il fascino dello stretto di Messina di fronte a sé, fa da cornice alla bellissima spiaggia.
CP Perry at the apex of the wye with NS's Port Road is protected by what Amtrak refers to as "Position Color Light" signals.
The short version:
The further your subject from the background and the greater the difference in ratios from flash to subject and flash to background the darker your background will be.
The long version:
Following on from my Lighting 102 Unit 1.1 exercise this is for Lighting 102 : 1.2 - Position | Distance
In 102 1.2 David Hobby says:
"I would eat math flakes for breakfast if I could.
But the Inverse Square Law still makes my eyes glaze over. Not that it is necessarily so hard to understand. (Although it is for many.) But because it just sucks all of the life and soul out of lighting."
I completely get his point about it (maths) sucking the artistic nature out of lighting but as my wife will tell you I need something proved before I'll truly believe it! So I've been reading up on the inverse square law and set out to explain it to myself.
The basic idea is the further away from the flash you go the greater the area the flash has to illuminate. For example if your flash is 1m from your subject but 2m from you background, the background area will be 4 times that of the area around your subject. Meaning you will need 4 times as much light to illuminate the background with the same exposure as your subject. That fact on its own is all well and good but flash units let you adjust them by either doubling or halfing the light. So what is needed is how much you have to increase the distance from the flash in order to double the light needed. Basically it can be calculated that this value is the square root of 2, approx 1.4. Therefore if your flash is 1m from your subject but 1.4m from the background the background will need twice as much light to to illuminate it to the same exposure as your subject.
I knocked up an excel spreadsheet to tell me exactly where to move the flash to to keep the same exposure by halfing the light each time it was moved forward. These are the results.
All shots were taken at f5.0 1/250 iso100 in a room lit with a 10w energy saving light bulb. This ambient light was completely eliminated at this exposure so it is only the flash which is lighting bustr.
flash settings (top left to bottom right)
1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16
1/32 1/64 1/32 1/32 1/32
The background in the last three shots was made darker by moving bustr away from the wall 1 stop at a time whilst keeping the flash to head distance the same.
Exact measurements to follow.
Copyright Mark Jones 2010
Exposure 1/200 sec at f/4.0, Focal Length 50 mm, ISO200
Canon EOS 450D, EF50mm f/1.8 II Off camera flash camera right. Strobe settings: Various depending on distance (bulk upload)
Position: Latitude 56° 43.630'N, Longitude 006° 13.567'W.
Character: Flashing (2) White every 20 Secs
Elevation: 55 metres
Nominal Range: 24 nautical miles
Structure: Grey granite tower, 35 metres in height.
There are 152 steps to the top of the tower. (NLB)
The illuminant is by halogen lamps - as shown above.