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Part of my life, these kind of Hotelrooms... Alone and away form home. (Won't look the same in the morning...;-)
The Church of Our Lady of Kazan in Tallinn, Estonia, is a small Russian Orthodox church built in 1721. The church has the distinction of being the oldest wooden structure in Tallinn. It was the first church completed after the Great Northern War in the early 18th century, a conflict that ended with Estonia, after 150 years under Swedish rule was handed over to tsarist Russia.
After the war Tallinn's suburbs were growing quickly as the town was absorbing more and more Russian immigrants. Along with that growth came the sudden need for more suburban churches such as the Church of Our Lady of Kazan. Extensive repairs in the 19th century gave the church a neo-classical façade and interior. The Orthodox congregation that worships here belongs to the Moscow patriarchate.
On the 16th of July (19 days after I took this photo the Church of Our Lady of Kazan was damaged by a fire. Fortunately the fire department of Tallinn manage to extinguish the fire in time to save the church from extensive damage. Damage where limited to the church’s exterior.
Photos from the pastoral trip of Mgr. Fernando Ocáriz to Nigeria (July 19-26, 2018).
Fotografías del viaje pastoral del prelado del Opus Dei a Nigeria (19 a 26 de julio de 2018).
Format: Photographic print.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on publication.
Part Of: Powerhouse Museum Collection
General information about the Powerhouse Museum Collection is available at www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database
Persistent URL: www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=389104
Acquisition credit line: Gift of Dorothy Stuckey, 1987
Photo made during the recording of a short movie for a trailer contest for the Imagine festival in Amsterdam in April 2013.
The longer version of both contributions to this contest can be found here:
youtu.be/XOCKbPGYv6w
I decided instead of just aging the photo, what if the riders emerged from the aged photo to find themselves in the 21st century. You might notice the "old" photo does not have as much "age" as some of the others. I did this for continuity between the two riders.
Alien Bee B800 in 86 inch silver PLM camera left. Skyport trigger.
Location: Mountain View, California
Apple WWDC 2010 Jacket by American Apparel
Shoes by Nine West
Model: Michèle (Model Mayhem #1294279)
On the 20.03.2015 we had a partly eclipse of the sun. The maximum degree of coverage was between 75% and 80%. Because of having an un-optimal sunfilter (only a ND64) I had a little bit of fear the sensor would die so I only took short time for focusing. The result is not optimal, but you get t...
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Notes from Michael Ferner:
It should be noted, however, that the "Jay-Eye-See Special" had nothing to do with the J. I. Case Threshing Machine Co. It was a Fiat, rebuilt by Louis Disbrow who subsequently joined the Case team and renamed the car to please his new employer.
Nice picture of the "White Streak", by the way. This is one of the 1911 cars, rebodied and rechassied. I can't be 100 % sure, but I believe it's the one raced by Jagersberger at Indy.
Ah, that's why I didn't recognize the driver! I haven't seen that many pics of Jagersberger that I remembered, and since it's the rebuilt version of the car I only checked with 1912 pictures.
"Won many dirt track races" is perhaps a bit of embellishment, but Jagersberger did win one big meeting at the Hawthorne track in Cicero/Chicago back in June, with the car still in its Indy specification, against a field containing Hughie Hughes in the Mercer, Bob Burman (Benz) , Ralph de Palma (Simplex) and Eddie Hearne (Fiat). The cars were rebuilt during the summer months, and Jagersberger crashed at a dirt track meeting in Columbis/SC early in November, putting an end to his promising career. He was then driving a sister car, called the "Eagle" which was later renamed as the "Bullet" and run until the late teens with many famous drivers at the wheel, including Hearne, Bill Endicott and Fred Horey. I believe that the "Bullet" was originally Will Jones's Indy ride.
Excerpt from something I wrote on the Case, "Jay-Eye-See" etc. on another forum:
The J. I. Case Threshing Machine Company (one of the best ever names for a racing team ) of Racine in Wisconsin made automobile racing history by filing the first ever entry for an Indianapolis 500 Mile race on October 27 in 1910. Though the brand name still exists, it is no longer connected to the car manufacturing business (which went under in 1927), and the total output of racing cars never even reached double digits, but its importance in racing is still enormous since it formed the nucleus of the very first, and possibly biggest ever team of "historic" racing cars in the world - the team of John Alexander "Alex" Sloan, and his travelling circus show under the banner of the International Motor Contest Association, or IMCA for short.
In October of 1910, when that first Indianapolis entry had been filed, Case had only just begun manufacturing cars, and the racing car that was going to be raced at the Brickyard was no more than an idea in the mind of Lewis Strang, a young racing driver from New York. Although young in years, Strang had already acquired extensive experience in racing, having driven Isotta-Fraschini, Thomas, Renault, Buick, Fiat, Allen-Kingston, SPO and Jackson cars in competition during the last three years, mostly very successful, too.
It was hoped to test the Case as early as February 27, during the Mardi Gras Carnival races at New Orleans (LA), but the car could not be finished in time. Luckily, though, Strang got another chance on the last of March, putting the new Case through 300 miles of a beach race at Jacksonville (FL) - actually, he completed only 270 miles, finishing 6 laps down and in last place, but at least the reliability was there. With its small 4649 cc engine, the Case was not going to win anyway, but to go through such an arduous grind without much trouble was exactly the publicity that the Racine company was looking for. The winning Pope (6389 cc) and National (7320 cc) cars were running in a different league, but the third placed Mercer (4927 cc) finished only 12½ minutes ahead, so the speed of the little Case was competitive, too.
On Memorial Day, the three Case cars lined up in the hopeful expectation of giving a good account of themselves: On Memorial Day, the three Case cars lined up in the hopeful expectation of giving a good account of themselves:
1911 Case #1, Lewis Strang, relief driver Elmer Ray
1911 Case #8, Joe Jagersberger, relief driver Louis Larsonneur
1911 Case #9, Will Jones, relief driver Russell Smith
All three cars now sported the flashy look of the #9 car, but none of them managed to stay in the race for more than 300 miles - the steering gear proved to be the weak point on the rough bricks of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Undeterred, the team commenced an exhaustive schedule of racing over the following weeks: the Algonquin Hill Climb on June 8, the Hawthorne Track race on the 11th, Kenosha Driving Park on June 18, and Wisconsin State Fair Park on the 21st. With fair success, as Jagersberger even won the main event at Hawthorne, but Strang was injured the following week in Kenosha (WI), just a few miles south of home base, breaking an arm and an ankle. Worse was to come, as within a month he was dead, crashing fatally during a reliability tour through Wisconsin - at zero mph!!! Strang had stopped his Case touring car at a newly built bridge, in order to let a horse-drawn carriage through, only to find the fresh road shoulder giving way, and tumbling down the steep embankment - he was pinned under the car, and killed instantly.
Bereft of its leading light, the team soldiered on, now headed by Jagersberger, an Austrian-born racing veteran, and a promising young Californian named Jay McNay, but incredibly, within little more than a fortnight two more careers ended in Case racing cars during November, with Jagersberger suffering very serious injuries at the South Carolina State Fair races in Columbia, and McNay perishing in a practice shunt at the Vanderbilt Cup and Grand Prize meeting in Savannah (GA)! That was the nadir of a debutant year that could perhaps be best described as "character building", but thankfully, fortunes improved from here on. Two factors or, to be more precise, two persons were chiefly responsible for that reversal of fortunes, and one of them had already joined the team previous to that disastrous month of November: Alex Sloan. A former member of the management team of the already legendary Barney Oldfield, Sloan was a master manipulator, educated and entrepreneurial, with a vast experience of sports in general, and racing in particular. It was probably he who contacted Louis Disbrow, the second piece of the jigsaw puzzle, and one of the leading drivers in the country, who had only just announced that he was leaving the Pope-Hartford factory team to branch out on his own, with a "new" car he had just purchased, of which more anon.
Disbrow was present at Savannah to race the potent Pope "Hummer", merely fulfilling his last contractual obligations for the team that was about to close its storied racing department, and consented to drive Jagersberger's Case in one of the supporting races. It was an inauspicious debut for the driver, but Disbrow still joined the Case team over the winter, apparently liking the itinerary set out by Sloan: dirt track racing, dirt track racing, and more dirt track racing - every day of the week, if at all possible! That was right up Disbrow's alley, who really didn't care that much about road racing, having been reared on America's dusty fairground ovals - he and Alex Sloan would be partners for the rest of his career, well into the twenties! The setup is now complete for our journey, the "magical mystery tour" with Alex Sloan and his travelling circus show: within a few short years, the "old" Case racing team will be totally revamped, expanded and disguised, and it's so easy to lose orientation. So let's start right here with our inventory:
Three Case cars had been built for the Indy 500, all three basically identical, with 4-cylinder T-head engines built by the Wisconsin Engine Co., 4 1/4 * 5 inches (283.7 CID/4649 cc). It does not really look plausible to assume that there were more cars, but we should investigate: what about Strang's car at Jacksonville (March 31)? Occam's razor leads us to suggest that it was the same car he raced at Indy, and indeed, looking at the pictures of the two unpainted cars, Strang's looks slightly "used", while Jagersberger's has a fresh finish. Did the team ever enter more than three cars? Not to the best of my knowledge. And the accidents? No "terminal" damage? The most difficult question, as only very few pictures exist to help us out. But we mustn't forget that in those times, almost anything was repaired, over and over again - even the engines were likely special developments, and any damage, even major engine failures would be put back into action after suitable time in the workshop, as there would be no complete spare units, only parts. Yet we should be prepared for "transformations", i.e. cars being rebuilt with more or less major changes in appearance, and maybe even specification - this should become more clear in the process of our survey.
A little help may be provided by the nicknames the cars acquired during the year, presumably under the influence of Sloan's management. The first occurence of these nicknames that I can detect is from the September 13, 1911 meeting at Comstock Park in Grand Rapids (MI). McNay was there with his Cutting, presumably as part of the Ernie Moross équipe with Bob Burman, Lee Oldfield (not Barney!) and Juddy Kilpatrick, complete with a team of cars including the Blitzen-Benz. Ray Harroun was also there, giving various "exhibitions" with the Marmon "Wasp", including a wheel-change race - if ever somebody tries to tell you, that both car and driver retired upon winning the inaugural Indy 500, don't listen! Sloan arrived with only two cars, both carrying names much in the same fashion as the "Wasp" or the "Blitzen": Jagersberger was to drive the "White Streak", while the former Marmon chauffeur Lou Heinemann was down to drive the "Little Case Giant", or "Little Giant" for short. Interestingly, a few weeks later at Springfield (IL), the "Little Giant" was entered by one A. McFadden, as opposed to the Case factory (or Alex Sloan) for the other cars, as usual - anomalies like that will happen from time to time, and though I can't be sure if it has any meaning, it's perhaps best to take note just in case. This Mr. McFadden also appears to have gotten some seat time in the car during the afternoon, and this will also become a recurring theme: the swapping around amongst the drivers. Other than that, one Austin A. McFadden appears as the promoter of two race meetings at Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo (MI) the next July, both (naturally) attended by Sloan and his team. Racing is a small world indeed, even in America...
More on the "Jay-Eye-See":
Before the Case team started its 1912 campaign in California, Sloan saw to it that the press knew what to expect: for one thing, joining the team now as a full-time member was Louis Disbrow, as has been mentioned. The other big news item was the cars he was bringing to the team: early in November of 1911, it had been reported that Disbrow had bought the "200 hp Fiat" of E. W. C. Arnold, allegedly the car Felice Nazzaro had raced at Brooklands in 1908, (in)famous for its alleged lap record of over 121 mph - actually, it appears to have been an identical "twin" of that particular car, an 18,146 cc (190 * 160) OHV monster with an actual output of 175 hp, according to the most reliable sources. It had been driven for Arnold by Lewis Strang and Ralph de Palma in exhibitions at the Atlanta Motordrome, Indianapolis Motor Speedway and the Los Angeles Motordrome at Playa del Rey. Its only race appearance, as far as I can determine, happened in a 50-miler at Indianapolis on Labor Day of 1910, where de Palma finished 4th behind Eddie Hearne (Benz), Ray Harroun (Marmon) and Al Livingston (National) - not quite the performance of a champion!
Shortly after the purchase of the big Fiat, Disbrow announced plans to convert the car over the winter into the fastest dirt track racer in the world, but consented to a public tryout during a motorcycle meet at the Guttenberg track in New Jersey, during which the Fiat caught fire and inflicted painful burns on the driver. Both he and the car were restored to health by March 31 for their first competitive event at the Lakeside Inn Speedway near San Diego (CA), where the big Fiat sported the now well known upside-down boat body as well as the name "Jay-Eye-See Special", and was reportedly powered by a 290 hp engine of 1,760 CID - first indications of the Sloan flair for embellishment that would become a virtual trademark for IMCA later on! Somehow, Sloan seems to have become "confused", and quoted the specifications of the new Fiat S76 record car instead (apart from adding another 30 CID for good measure) - oh, well... The quoted weight of 3,150 lbs (1,429 kg) was likely more accurate, and indicative of some actual gains in that department - not really surprising, either, as the car had been devoid of any ornamental features such as bodywork, originally!
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Gathering of the Tribes :
Moontribe-Party
Mojave Desert - 2001
Photo-Report:
www.flickr.com/photos/sterneck/sets/72157626608944632
Gathering of the Tribes
Moontribe
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Wolfgang Sterneck:
The Gathering of the Tribes
www.sterneck.net/stern/gathering-california
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Wolfgang Sterneck:
In the Cracks of the World *
Photo-Reports: www.flickr.com/sterneck/sets
Articles and Visions: www.sterneck.net
- * -
THE GATHERING OF THE TRIBES
”Wir brauchen solche Treffen, um das Vertrauen wieder aufzubauen, das uns in der Kindheit genommen wurde...” - Es ist Sobey aus Vancouver, der mit diesen Worten die Atmosphäre des ”Gathering of the Tribes” in Los Angeles zusammenfasst. VertreterInnen von rund 50 Projekten setzen sich dort fünf Tage lang mit Wegen der persönlichen Entwicklung und der gesellschaftlichen Veränderung auseinander.
Das Verständnis von Tribe bzw. Stamm ist relativ weit gefächert und bewusst im Vorfeld nicht fest definiert. So er-streckt sich der Begriff auf lokale Projekte genauso wie auf die TeilnehmerInnen alternativer Festivals, auf grenzüber-schreitende Aktionsgruppen genauso wie auf kommuneartige Gemeinschaften. Vertreten sind unter anderem Leute vom Rainbow-Gathering, Burning Man und Earthdance, Angehörige der Farm-Kommune und anderer Eco-Village-Projekte, Mitglieder von Reclaim the Streets, Free our Forests, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Subversive Sounds, Moontribe, Alice-Project und Dream Theatre.
Inhaltlich reicht das Spektrum von Gruppen aus dem radikalen politischen und ökologischen Spektrum über Initiativen, die sich aufklärend gegen die bestehende Drogenpolitik stellen, bis zu Personen die beispielsweise über Trance-Tänze oder meditative Musik zu einer heilenden Veränderung beitragen wollen. Die Vielfalt der verschiedenen Aus-richtungen führt dabei keineswegs zu einer Beliebigkeit, vielmehr befruchten und ergänzen sich die Positionen trotz einzelner Differenzen an vielen Punkten gegenseitig. Das verbindende Element liegt neben der durchgängig idealisti-schen Ausrichtung zum einem im Bezug zum Dance Movement, also zur Techno-Kultur in unterschiedlichen Ausfor-mungen, sowie im zweifellos oftmals vagen, aber immer ernsthaften Bestreben ”to make the world a better place”.
TRANCE AND POLITICS
Den inhaltlichen Teil der Konferenz leite ich mit einem Vortrag ein, der von einem übergreifenden Ansatz ausgeht. ”Viele glauben, dass die Party-Kultur eine Insel sei, doch die meisten vergessen dabei, dass jede Insel von einem Meer umgeben wird...” Es geht mir dabei um eine Auseinandersetzung mit der selbstherrlichen Zufriedenheit in der sich viele aus den verschiedenen Szenen oftmals zurücklehnen, solange sie ”geile Musik, gute Drogen und viel Spa-aaß” haben und den eigenen Alltag einigermaßen regeln können. Alles andere scheint egal, doch spätestens wenn der Drogenfahnder vor der Tür steht oder Partys verboten werden wird klar, dass diese scheinbare Insel-Idylle eine Illusion ist. Dann ist es jedoch schon viel zu spät.
Prügelnde Polizisten auf politischen Party-Demos machen den symbolhaften Einfluss des Meeres auf die Inseln ge-nauso augenscheinlich deutlich, wie beispielsweise die Ego-Trips von DJs, die sich im Zuge der Kommerzialisierung wie Rockstars verhalten, oder die Parties in ”3. Welt”-Ländern, bei denen die eingeflogenen Party-Freaks vor lauter Verpeilung einfach ignorieren, dass einige Kilometer weiter entfernt Menschen hungern. Die Auflistung lässt sich beliebig fortsetzen, letztlich geht es um die aktive Anerkennung einer Verantwortung, die weit über die Party hinaus-geht: ”Manche Leute denken, dass Techno eine Insel sei - und sie öffnen die Augen und sie beginnen zu tanzen, nicht nur auf dem Dancefloor, sondern auch überall in den Straßen, in den Klassenzimmern, in den Büroräumen, in den Supermärkten, auf den Treffen der Weltbanken. Und Tanzen steht dabei für Veränderung, radikale Veränderung...”
Beispielhaft für die Ausrichtung des Gatherings bildet der anschließende Beitrag von Cinnamon Twist einen inhaltli-chen Gegenpol, der sich mit der Frage ”Kann Trance-Tanz den Planeten retten?” beschäftigt. Im Rahmen seiner Antwort beschreibt Cinnamon eine ”gemeinschaftliche psychedelische Trance als eine direktes Gegengewicht zur zerstörenden Selbstgefälligkeit der westlichen, technisch-industriellen Mega-Maschine, die wahnhaft alles tut, um den Planeten Erde zu zerstören.” Cinnamon bezieht sich dabei auf positive Energien, die durch den Tanz freigesetzt wer-den. ”Obwohl sie von unterschiedlichen Begriffen ausgehen, glauben viele Stammeskulturen, dass sie mit ihren rituel-len Tänzen etwas bewegen können. Sie sind notwendig, um die natürliche Balance aufrecht zu erhalten, um Regen herbeizurufen, um Krankheiten zu heilen, um die Dinge in Bewegung zu halten. Deshalb sind diese Tänze für sie heilige Tänze. Und im Grunde ist nicht nur die Form des Tanzes bzw. das, was die TänzerInnen damit verbinden, heilig. Heilig ist vor allem das, was sie damit erzeugen: eine kollektive Energie.”
Diese Energien lassen sich Cinnamons Verständnis zufolge auch in der heutigen Zeit nutzen: ”Zweifellos haben wir keine Tradition derartiger heiliger Tänze mehr. Wir haben keine Tänze, die von einer derartigen Intention oder einem vergleichbaren gemeinschaftlichen Gefühl getragen sind. Was wir haben bzw. wonach wir letztlich streben, ist eine grundlegende Einstellung, die alles durchzieht, wenn wir für unsere Feiern zusammenkommen: Frieden - Liebe - Ge-meinschaft - Respekt. Und das ist nicht wenig für einen Anfang, auch wenn es leicht missbraucht werden kann. Es liegt an uns, ob gelingt, kollektive Energien freizusetzen, die zur Heilung der Erde beitragen ...”
DER KRIEG GEGEN TERROR, DROGEN UND PARTYS
Mehrere Vorträge und Workshops auf dem Gathering setzen sich mit dem ”War on Drugs” auseinander, der inzwi-schen auch zu einem Feldzug gegen das Dance-Movement wurde. Der ”Krieg gegen Drogen”, den die us-amerikanische Regierung ganz offiziell unter dieser treffenden wie auch entlarvenden Bezeichnung führt, hat eine lange Geschichte. In den westlichen Kulturen wurden und werden beständig bestimmte Substanzen als Drogen ver-boten, wobei der Umstand, dass darunter in einigen Regionen zeitweise auch einmal Alkohol, Tabak und Koffein fielen, eine gewisse Beliebigkeit schnell deutlich macht. Die Verbote der Substanzen bzw. die Verfolgung der Produ-zentInnen und der KonsumentInnen hängt dabei keineswegs nur mit einer vermeintlichen oder tatsächlichen schädli-chen Wirkung zusammen, sondern war schon immer mit wirtschaftlichen und machtpolitischen Interessen verknüpft. Letztlich lenkt die Überbetonung der Drogenproblematik von den eigentlichen inneren gesellschaftlichen Problemen ab, die wechselwirkend wiederum auch entscheidend zum zerstörenden Gebrauch von Drogen beitragen. Sie wird zudem genutzt, um die politische und auch militärische Einflussnahme auf andere Länder, sowie die Repression un-angepasster Minderheiten im Innern, zu rechtfertigen.
Die Größenordnung des ”War on Drugs” machen einige Statistiken schnell deutlich. Die Vereinigten Staaten haben als vermeintliches Land der Freiheit im Verhältnis zur Bevölkerungszahl weltweit die höchste Zahl an Gefängnissinsas-sen, wobei ein Großteil im Zusammenhang mit Drogen verurteilt wurde. So kommt es jährlich zu rund 5 Millionen Verhaftungen auf Grund von Drogendelikten, wobei über 2 Millionen Menschen in Folge wegen Verstößen gegen Drogengesetze verurteilt und inhaftiert werden. Besonders betroffen ist dabei die afroamerikanischen Bevölkerung, was die noch immer in weiten Teilen rassistische Ausrichtung der Rechtsprechung deutlich macht. 1969 flossen von Seiten der damaligen Nixon-Regierung rund 65 Millionen Dollar in den Krieg gegen Drogen, 1999 unter Clinton war es die kaum vorstellbar hohe Summe von 17,7 Milliarden Dollar, die unter Bush weiter gesteigert wurde.
Die Terroranschläge des 11. September 2001 werden gezielt genutzt, um den ”War on Terror” mit dem ”War on Drugs” zu verknüpfen. Medienwirksam setzt inzwischen US-Präsident George Bush Drogenkonsum mit einer Unter-stützung des Terrors gleich. ”Ich werde ständig von Jugendlichen gefragt, welchen Beitrag sie zum Krieg gegen den Terror leisten können. Nun, wichtig ist, sich gegen illegale Drogen zustellen. Wenn Du in den USA Drogen kaufst, dann ist das so, als würdest Du direkt eine Terror-Organisation unterstützen.”
Die entsprechende Politik richtet sich auch direkt gegen das Dance-Movement. So kam es zu einer von Teilen der Medien und einflussreichen PolitikerInnen getragenen Kampagne, die Techno mit Drogenkonsum gleichsetzt. Regie-rungsbehörden organisierten in diesem Sinne vorgeblich wissenschaftliche Konferenzen bei denen Techno-Partys mit den sogenannten Crack-Houses gleichgesetzt wurden, in denen Crackabhängige bzw. Crack-Dealer leben. Dieser Definition zufolge sind Partys und Raves Veranstaltungen, die vorrangig dazu dienen mit Drogen zu handeln bzw. diese zu konsumieren. Inzwischen wurden in einzelnen Bundesstaaten Gesetze verabschiedet, die VeranstalterInnen für den Konsum von Drogen auf ihren Partys direkt verantwortlich zu machen. Zu Teil macht man sich schon als nichtkonsumierender Party-Gast strafbar, wenn auf der Veranstaltung illegale Drogen gebraucht werden. Auf diesem Wege soll eine auch in den USA stark angewachsene Jugendkultur, die nicht den puritanischen Wertvorstellungen entspricht, unter Kontrolle gebracht werden.
Welche bizarren Ausformungen die Drogenhysterie annehmen kann, zeigt ein Prozess, in dem die Bürgerrechtsverei-nigung American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) gegen den Bundesstaat Louisiana klagte. Dieser hatte Rave-VeranstalterInnen angewiesen den Party-Gästen das Tragen von Masken und den Gebrauch von Glühstäben zu untersagen, da diese Utensilien angeblich in einem engen Zusammenhang mit dem Konsum von Ecstasy stehen. Während die meisten VeranstalterInnen den Auflagen nachkamen, formierte sich in der Szene Protest, der in der Forderung ”Fight for right to glow! - We’re gonna glow like we never glowed before!” einen ironischen Ausdruck fand. Der Prozess endete mit einem Erfolg der ACLU, den Bundesbehörden wurde untersagt, ohne rechtliche Grundlage auf lokale Rave-VeranstalterInnen hinsichtlich eines Verbotes von ”dekorativen Utensilien” Druck auszuüben.
Die Diskussion über Wege des Protests und Widerstands gegen die repressiven Entwicklungen ist auf dem Gathering allgegenwärtig. So trägt Scott Ehlers von der Campaign for New Drug Policies einen detaillierten Maßnahmenkatalog vor, der dazu beitragen soll, das Image der Techno-Kultur von einer Reduzierung auf Drogen und Kriminalität zu lö-sen. Das Ziel ist die Vermittlung eines Bildes einer Jugendkultur, die auf Werten wie Gemeinschaft und Gewaltlosig-keit basiert und sich auch über einzelne Projekte für das Wohl der Gesellschaft einsetzt. Das Future-Tribe-Project aus Florida beschreibt seine Kampagne ”I rave and I vote” mit der Jugendliche angeregt werden sollen, sich an den Wah-len zu beteiligen und einen Umschwung zu bewirken. Eine Gegenposition liegt im Ansatz den Underground zu stärken und sich dabei auf Strukturen zu konzentrieren, die von staatlichen Institutionen nicht angegriffen werden können. Ganz praktisch informiert daran anknüpfend ein Anwalt, welche Rechte gegenüber Polizeikontrollen bestehen. Leute vom Rainbow-Gathering berichten zudem über die Möglichkeiten sogenanntes Public-Land zu nutzen, das der Allge-meinheit gehört. Später betonen Mitglieder von DanceSafe und MAPS daneben die Bedeutung einer objektiven Auf-klärung über Drogen innerhalb der Techno-Szene und der Notwendigkeit von übergreifenden Forschungsprojekten.
SOZIALARBEITER, DJ-EGOS UND ZEN-KATZEN
Mehrfach führen einzelne Diskussionen über die Frage nach der Finanzierung alternativer, sozial ausgerichteter Pro-jekte zu einer kritischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Bereich der Sozialarbeit. Übereinstimmung besteht darin, dass eine Ausweitung sozialer Projekte und die entsprechende Bereitstellung öffentlicher Gelder unbedingt nötig ist. Aufge-zeigt wird aber auch immer wieder der innere Konflikt vieler Projekte, die meist hauptsächlich auf Probleme konzent-riert sind, diese geradezu suchen bzw. sich darüber rechtfertigen müssen, um von öffentlicher Seite Gelder zu erhal-ten. Gleichzeitig werden oftmals nur Symptome angegangen, während die eigentlichen Ursachen von Erscheinungen wie Drogenabhängigkeit oder Obdachlosigkeit, die neben individuellen Faktoren zu einem beträchtlichen Teil in einem vor allem auf Profit und Konkurrenz ausgerichteten Gesellschaftssystem liegen, zumeist nicht aufgezeigt werden. Oftmals setzt die Zensurschere schon im Kopf an, um das Projekt bzw. den eigenen Arbeitsplatz nicht zu gefährden.
In der Diskussion wird der Realität einer notwendigen, allerdings vorrangig problemorientierten Sozialarbeit das Bild des ”positive space” gegenübergestellt. ”Wenn es im weitesten Sinne Räume gibt, in denen sich die Menschen selbstbestimmt und gemeinschaftlich entfalten können, in denen ihnen beigebracht wird, sich auch einmal selbstkri-tisch zu reflektieren,”, so Theo in einer Diskussionsrunde, ”dann werden viele Probleme automatisch wegfallen bzw. sie treten überhaupt nicht mehr auf.”
Ein weiterer Aspekt, der in vielen Diskussionsrunden immer wieder angesprochen wird, ist die Rolle der DJs. Ausge-hend von einer Abkehr vom jeglichem Starkult stand der DJ in seiner Wichtigkeit ursprünglich auf einer Ebene neben den TänzerInnen auf der Dancefloor oder den Leuten aus der Deko-Gruppe. Die Rollen waren sogar austauschbar beziehungsweise sollten bewusst austauschbar sein, denn im Mittelpunkt stand das gemeinsame Feiern als ein Aus-druck eines anderen Lebensweges. Von wenigen Ansätzen abgesehen sind diese Zeiten jedoch auch bei alternativen Partys vorbei. Längst haben die DJs die Rolle eingenommen, die über Jahrzehnte hinweg der Lead-Singer einer Rockband hatte.
Für viele Personen außerhalb der Szenen ist nur schwer nachvollziehbar, dass ein DJ selbst zum Musiker werden kann. Er ist dabei nicht nur für die musikalische Atmosphäre einer Nacht verantwortlich. Im Idealfall entsteht aus zwei oder drei Schallplatten, die ineinander gemixt werden, ein neuer Track. Die Samples, Sounds und Loops werden zu DJ-Tools, zu Werkzeugen und Materialien der DJs, die immer wieder in unterschiedlichen Betonungen und Ge-schwindigkeiten neu zusammengesetzt werden. Dieses Verständnis von Dekonstruktion und Neugestaltung ist jedoch immer seltener anzutreffen, meist begnügen sich die DJs inzwischen auf möglichst fließende Übergänge zwischen den einzelnen Stücken.
Mit der steigenden Popularität einzelner DJs ist in vielen Projekten die Frage der Kommerzialisierung und des Selbst-verständnisses der DJs verbunden. Nachdem es anfangs noch ein Vergnügen und eine Ehre war auf einer Party aufzulegen, sprechen viele DJs dann bald vom ”Arbeiten” oder oftmals auch mit einer gewissen Überheblichkeit de-monstrativ davon, gebucht zu sein. Kritisiert wird vor diesem Hintergrund zudem die scheinbar unkritische Auswahl der Auftrittsorte von Seiten vieler alternativer DJs. Dabei wird jedoch deutlich, dass die DJs keineswegs zwangsläufig ihre ursprünglichen Ideale plötzlich verraten haben und ”kommerziell” geworden sind, vielmehr setzt eine nur schwer steuerbare Eigendynamik ein. Um sich noch mehr auf die Musik konzentrieren zu können, geben viele DJs nach ers-ten Erfolgen ihre alten Jobs auf, geraten dann aber in eine Abhängigkeit von Auftritten, um ihren Lebensunterhalt bestreitenzu können.
Ein anderes Diskussionsthema bildet das ”im Moment sein”. Mishou spricht davon, dass Katzen die wahren buddhis-tischen Zen-Meister sind, indem sie alles ausblenden können und tatsächlich den Moment leben. Während sie in einer sonnigen Ecke behaglich dösen, leben sie Zen ohne eine Vorstellung davon zu haben. ”Wie oft befinden wir uns dagegen in Situationen, die einfach an uns vorbeirauschen, die im Rückblick wie ein Augenblick erscheinen, weil wir uns nicht bewusst auf sie konzentrieren?”
Ein Anhalten im Sinne eines bewusstes Wahrnehmens des Momentes bzw. der entsprechenden Situation wirkt dem entgegen. Ein Ansatz kann bei geschlossenen Augen eine bewusste Konzentration auf die Geräusche sein, die uns umgeben, und davon ausgehend auf das, was gerade passiert. Dies bedeutet keineswegs ein Rückzug in eine esote-rische Innerlichkeit, so die durchgängige Einschätzung der Runde. Vielmehr steht es für ein Bewusst-Sein im eigentli-chen Sinne des Wortes. Dies bildet den Ausgangspunkt für ein Wahrnehmen von dem was uns umgibt und weiterge-hend für ein entsprechendes Handeln, nicht zuletzt auch in einem gesellschaftlichen Sinne.
GEMEINSCHAFTLICH LEBEN
Der zweite Konferenz-Tag ist der Frage nach den Möglichkeiten gemeinschaftlichen Zusammenlebens gewidmet. An mehreren Punkten tritt dabei die Frage nach dem ”next step”, dem nächsten Schritt, auf. Einige Gruppen, die mit ihren Projekten gewisse Erfolge und eine Kontinuität erreicht haben, berichten von den internen Diskussionen über eine tiefer gehende Weiterführung, die sich stärker auf die Gruppe als Gemeinschaft bezieht. Das Spektrum reicht dabei von Wohngemeinschaften über kommuneartige Projekte bis zu Kulturzentren.
Auf großes Interesse stößt das Projekt einer Gruppe aus Vancouver. In den letzten Jahren organisierte dort das My-corrhiza Collective verschiedene Partys, um mit dem Gewinn ein Landstück in Elaho Valley zu kaufen. Damit soll ein Beitrag zur Rettung des verbliebenen Regenwaldes in Kanada geleistet werden, der weiterhin in weiten Teilen von der Abholzung bedroht ist. Chris Hill von Mycorrhiza erklärt in diesem Zusammenhang die tiefere Bedeutung des Projekt-Namens: ”In den Regenwäldern leben die Bäume in einer symbioten Assoziation mit einer Vielzahl von Bodenpilzen zusammen, die als Mykorrhiza bezeichnet wird. Die Pilze umgeben die Wurzeln der Bäume, sie leben von ihnen und schützen sie gleichzeitig. Dieses Symbolik übertragen wir auf unsere Aktivitäten: Wir wollen ein energetisches Netz-werk im Untergrund aufbauen, das den Wald als Teil eines globalen natürlichen Organismuses stärkt.”
Das Gelände soll zur Basis eines Gemeinschaftsprojektes werden: ”Wir sind gerade dabei ein Camp in Elaho Valley aufzubauen. Es soll zum einen dazu dienen, die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Zerstörung dieses so wichtigen Regenwal-des und die Folgen zu richten. Zum anderen wollen wir von diesem Camp ausgehend ein Öko-Dorf errichten, das langfristig unabhängig bestehen kann und sich über Anbau von Nahrungsmitteln und eine eigene Energieversorgung selbst trägt. Langfristig setzen wir dabei auf Hanf als Rohstoff. Das Camp soll zu einer Anlaufstelle für Menschen werden, die von ähnlichen Ideen geleitet werden und mit uns dieses Projekt als eine Gemeinschaft in Einklang mit der Natur aufbauen wollen. Wir haben damit begonnen, weltweite Kontakte zu Personen und Organisationen zu knüpfen, um aus ihren Erfahrungen zu lernen und mit ihnen zusammenzusarbeiten. Gleichzeitig wollen wir im Sommer eine Reihe von Veranstaltungen und Festivals durchführen. Im Anschluss werden wir als eine Art internationale Karawane, zu der alle Interessierten eingeladen sind, die Pazifik-Küste bis nach Südamerika hinunterziehen, um unsere Ideen weiterzutragen und mit den Menschen gemeinsam zu feiern.”
Im Anschluss spricht Sean Siple über die Erfahrungen der Farm, einer Großkommune in Tennessee, der rund 200 Personen angehören. Im Sinne eines Öko-Dorfes basiert sie auf ökologischen und basisdemokratischen bzw. ge-meinschaftlichen Prinzipien. Die Farm wurde 1971 im Anschluss an die Hippie-Ära gegründet, zu einem Zeitpunkt als ebenfalls die Frage nach dem nächsten Schritt gestellt wurde und teilweise mit dem Aufbau von kommuneartigen Gemeinschaften beantwortet wurde. Die meisten dieser Projekte scheiterten schon nach wenigen Jahren am Druck durch die umgebende Gesellschaft, sowie an ungelösten inneren Widersprüchen und zwischenmenschlichen Proble-men. Klar wurde dabei immer wieder, dass es nicht ausreicht sich in eine vermeintliche Idylle zurückzuziehen.
Notwendig ist dagegen ein Verständnis, das die Wechselbeziehungen zwischen der äußeren Gesellschaft und dem Leben in dem entsprechenden Projekt ausreichend berücksichtigt. Ebenso bedeutsam ist zudem eine ständige Ausei-nandersetzung mit den Prozessen innerhalb des Projektes bzw. mit der eigenen Persönlichkeit, so kräftezerrend es vordergründig sie auch sein mag. Denn genausowenig wie man zu einem völlig anderen Menschen wird, wenn man auf eine idealistische Party geht, auch wenn vielleicht viele Alltagsbelastungen zurücklassen werden, so wenig wan-delt sich eine Person von einem auf den anderen Tag, wenn sie sich einer Kommune anschließt. Das Überwinden von überzogenen egozentrischen Verhaltensstrukturen ist ein ebenso notwendiger, aber auch langer Prozess wie die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Konkurrenzdenken oder sexistischen Einstellungen. Aufbrechen lassen sich diese Strukturen nur, wenn sie ständig hinterfragt und angegangen werden, so beispielsweise in angeleiteten Gesprächs-runden in denen offen über die Entwicklungen der Gruppe bzw. der einzelnen Personen gesprochen wird.
Sean beschreibt die Bedeutung derartiger Prozesse am Beispiel eines Problems innerhalb der Farm, das diese fast zum Scheitern gebracht hätte. Der Gründer der Kommune nahm lange hinweg eine besondere Stellung innerhalb des Projektes ein, die allgemein respektiert wurde. Nach einigen Jahren verselbstständigte sich jedoch diese Position, aus dem Bezug auf eine charismatische Leitfigur war eine hierarchische Struktur geworden, die dem eigentlichen basis-demokratischen Anspruch völlig entgegenstand. Nur im Rahmen eines längeren, zähen Prozesses konnte dieser Zustand inzwischen zugunsten einer Verteilung von Verantwortung überwunden werden.
Der zweite Teil der Ansprache von Sean ist von einem Appell an die TeilnehmerInnen des Gatherings geprägt, sich ihrer Verantwortung für die Zukunft des Planeten Erde bewusst zu sein und diese auch weitergehend auszufüllen: ”Ihr habt eine Aufgabe, eine Mission. Vielleicht seid ihr die letzte Generation, die noch etwas verändern kann, danach mag es schon zu spät sein, um die ökologische Katastrophe aufzuhalten. Ich habe hier auf dem Gathering von beeindru-ckenden Projekten gehört, habe mit wunderbaren Menschen gesprochen. Verbreitet Eure Ideen weiter, lebt sie, teilt Eure Erfahrungen, tragt Eure Liebe weiter, liebt... Es liegt an Euch, doch ich spreche nicht von Euren Recht oder von einer Verpflichtung, es ist Eure Entscheidung, die ihr treffen müsst!”
VERBINDENDE RITUALE
Mehrere gruppendynamische Workshops auf dem Gathering haben zum Ziel ganz praktisch zwischenmenschliche Barrieren abzubauen und Prozesse innerhalb von Gruppen deutlich zum machen. So laufen bei einer Übung alle Anwesenden, zu diesem Zeitpunkt etwa hundert Personen, in Kreis. Nach einem Stop-Zeichen soll jede Person an-halten und der Person, die ihr am nächsten steht in die Augen schauen, und sich zum einen ihre positiven Energien, sowie im Anschluss bei anderen Person deren Ängste und Aggressionen vorstellen. Deutlich wird dabei insbesondere wie schwer es fällt einer andern Person in die Augen zu schauen, nicht wenige schließen zeitweise die Augen oder beginnen nervös zu reagieren. In einigen Fällen entsteht jedoch durch den so tiefen Blickkontakt und die gegenseitige Bereitschaft sich emotional auf den andere Person einzulassen eine zuvor völlig unerwartete gefühlsmäßige Verbin-dung.
Der dritte Tag der Konferenz wird von einem Ritual eingeleitet. In der zuvor meist hell erleuchteten Konferenz-Halle flackert nur eine lange Reihe von Teelichtern. Alle Eintretenden müssen ihre Schuhe ausziehen und die Gespräche beenden. Dann werden die Anweisungen für das Ritual schriftlich zusammengefasst verteilt. Zuerst sind darin ver-schiedene Meditationsübungen beschrieben, später soll sich jede Person auf einen tiefen Wunsch konzentrieren und ihn visualisieren. Die Stärke dieses Rituals liegt in dem atmosphärischen Bruch zu den aufwühlenden und eher nach außen gerichteten Tagen zuvor. Unmittelbar entsteht ein Gefühl innerer und äußerer Ruhe. Insbesondere durch die Meditationen wird es nocheinmal verstärkt möglich sich auf sich selbst zu konzentrieren. Eine anschließende Chakra-Meditation greift diese Atmosphäre auf und ermöglicht ein weiteres Hineingleiten in den eigenen Körper. Inwieweit sich die Teilnehmenden auf diese Übungen und die spirituellen Hintergründe einlassen, bleibt jeder und jedem selbst überlassen. Wesentlich für die Einzelnen wie auch für das Gathering als Ganzes sind vielmehr die Energien, die kon-zentriert bzw. freigesetzt werden.
Einen Höhepunkt des Gatherings bildet dann der Ecstatic-Dance-Workshop, der von Techno-Rhythmen untermalt wird. Die Anweisungen der Workshop-Leiterin hinsichtlich bestimmter Bewegungen und Körperhaltungen werden jedoch von den meisten nur Anfangs befolgt. Schon nach kurzer Zeit tanzen die rund 50 TeilnehmerInnen wild durch den Raum, durcheinander springend, hüpfend, teilweise schreiend. Es entwickelt sich eine Atmosphäre in der alle genau so tanzen können, wie sie es gerade wollen, ohne dass sie deshalb jemand kopfschüttelnd anschaut. Im Ge-genteil, wer sich fallen lassen will, kann dies tun, im sicheren Gefühl von der Gruppe aufgefangen zu werden. Es ist in diesen Momenten regelrecht spürbar wie innere Blockaden und angestaute Energien zumindest für die Zeit des Tan-zes aufgebrochen werden. Am Ende bilden die Beteiligten mit ihren Körpern ein kreisartiges Gebilde. Alle drücken sich aneinander, summen, rufen, schreien ekstatisch, die meisten ausgefüllt von einem Gefühl des Glücks.
Gerade die Verbindung von theoretischen Informationen, leidenschaftlichen Diskussionen und auch körperlich-emotionaler Nähe macht die Stärke des Gatherings aus. Von Anfang an prägt eine Atmosphäre der Offenheit in der es problemlos möglich ist, eine Person anzusprechen und mit ihr über Ideale und Ideen wie auch über persönliche Erfahrungen zu sprechen. Zudem vermittelt die Vielfalt der Tribes und ihrer zum Teil wegweisenden Projekte ein Ge-fühl der Hoffnung in einer ansonsten in Anbetracht der sozialen und ökologischen Entwicklungen meist äußerst de-primierenden Welt. Nicht zuletzt entwickelt sich insbesondere über die gruppendynamischen Übungen und die Rituale eine gefühlsmäßige Nähe, die ansonsten im Alltag kaum einmal erfahren werden kann. Zum Teil geht diese Nähe so tief, dass einzelne Personen anfangen zu weinen oder sich zeitweise zurückziehen, da sie diese Intensität nicht ertra-gen konnten. So nehmen die TeilnehmerInnen über die inhaltliche Ebene hinaus vor allem ein Grundgefühl der Mög-lichkeit und der Notwendigkeit einer grundlegenden Veränderung mit nach Hause.
THE MOON INSIDE
Den Abschluss des Gatherings bildet eine Open-Air-Party, die im wesentlichen von Mitgliedern des Moontribes orga-nisiert wird. Die 1993 gegründete Gruppe genießt inzwischen in der Dance-Community weiter Teile der Vereinigten Staaten geradezu Kultstatus. Bekannt wurde der Moontribe durch seine Full-Moon-Partys in der Wüste der weiteren Umgebung von Los Angeles. Die auf Non-Profit-Basis durchgeführten Partys verzichten meist bewusst auf Werbung, wie auch auf Verkaufsstände aller Art, Dekoration und Beleuchtung. ”Der Mond und die Sterne sind unsere Lightshow” führt Dallas dazu aus, um dann auf das Selbstverständnis Moontribes einzugehen. ”Es gehört zu unseren wichtigsten Zielen unsere Integrität zu wahren und uns kommerziellen Bestrebungen zu verschließen. Wenn Du an einer unserer Partys teilnimmst, wirst Du selbst zu einem Teil des Moontribes, Du hast genauso Verantwortung für den Ablauf der Party, bist genauso verantwortlich für deren Atmosphäre, wie alle anderen.”
Innerhalb des eigentlichen Tribes sind Hierarchien auf ein pragmatisches Minimum reduziert. Die wesentlichen Ent-scheidungen werden von Konsensprinzip ausgehend gemeinsam getroffen. Den Kern bildet das Council, dem meist 13 Personen angehören, um dieses herum hat sich das sogenannte Collective gebildet, das aus Leuten besteht, die sich in irgendeiner Weise einbringen, aber nicht zum Kern gehören wollen. Die Moontribe-Community wird wiederum von denjenigen gebildet, die zu den Full-Moon-Partys kommen.
Die Party-Nacht an sich verläuft in Anbetracht der hohen Erwartungen jedoch lange eher enttäuschend. Rund drei Stunden dauert es, bis man von Los Angeles aus endlich den angestrebten Platz in der Wüste gefunden hat, da die erst am Abend verteilte Wegbeschreibung einige kleine, aber folgenschwere Unklarheiten aufweist. Dort erweist sich die steppenartige Hügellandschaft mit ihrem eisigen Wind sofort als äußerst unwirtlich. Vom Parkplatz aus ist dann noch einmal ein längerer Fußmarsch nötig, um dann endlich ein überdachtes DJ-Pult zu erreichen. Die unverständli-che Reduzierung auf nur zwei Boxentürme verhindert die für das Tanzen so wichtige umschließende Beschallung, so dass sich die meisten direkt von dem DJ zwischen den Boxen eher frierend als tanzend drängelten. Es ist einer dieser Momente, in denen man sich zweifelnd fragt ”Was mache ich hier eigentlich?”.
Am Morgen wandelt sich jedoch die Atmosphäre schlagartig. Mit der Temperatur ändert sich auch die Stimmung und es wird endlich möglich, ein Gefühl für den Raum zu erhalten. Im Laufe des Tages wird dann auch verständlich, dass die Reduzierung einen wesentlichen Teil des so eigenen Charakter der Moontribe-Partys ausmacht. Wüste, Musik bzw. Tanz und Gemeinschaft sind dabei die zentralen Faktoren und nicht etwa ein bekannter DJ oder eine überfrach-tete Dekoration. Insbesondere die Kargheit der Landschaft und die aufsteigende Sonne können dabei ein Gefühl der inneren Klarheit erzeugen.
Die Musik wird von den DJs der am Gathering beteiligten Projekte bestimmt und umfasst ein entsprechend weites Spektrum elektronischer Musik. Daneben entstehen an verschiedenen Stellen immer wieder Trommelsessions, teil-weise die Musik auf der Tanzfläche begleitend, dann in einem angemessenen Abstand einen eigenen Rhythmus findend. Es ist charakteristisch, dass sich einige TänzerInnen völlig ausziehen, ohne dass ihnen in ihrer Nacktheit jemand eine übertriebene Aufmerksamkeit schenkt. Es ist ein genauso selbstverständlicher Teil der Party, dass sich auf dem Dancefloor immer wieder Tanzende an den Händen nehmen und einen Kreis bilden, der sich an einer Stelle öffnet, um spiralförmig ineinander zu gehen und sich danach wieder aufzulösen. Derartige Elemente sind Ausdruck eines Gefühls der Offenheit und der Gemeinschaftlichkeit, das ansonsten in der Party-Szene trotz aller Beschwörun-gen von ”Love and Unity” nur selten zu finden ist. Den Ausklang bilden am späten Nachmittag Golden Buddha, eine psychedelische Rockband, deren scheinbar endlose Improvisationen sich irgendwann im Nichts auflösen und die letzten Anwesenden noch einmal auf eine ganz eigene Reise nehmen.
Schnell deutlich wird für mich jedoch auch, dass bestimmte Rollen und Verhaltensklischees, die ich von vielen Partys in Deutschland und anderen Ländern kenne, auch hier zu finden sind. Eine geradezu globale Erscheinung ist der Freak, der in Gesprächen und in seinem Outfit seinen vorgeblich so tiefen Bezug zu Goa unablässig zur Schau stellt und sich am liebsten mit ”wichtigen” Leuten für alle sichtbar direkt beim DJ unterhält. Ebenso bekannt ist die housige Frau, die so gerne eine Diva wäre, sich in dem Glauben gefällt, sie würde über allem stehen und doch völlig in ihren Eitelkeiten und Unsicherheiten verfangen ist. Dies betrachtend unterhalte ich mich mit Tibo über die Frage inwieweit wir beide selbst Rollen spielen, wo die Grenzen zwischen Authentizität und Übernahme liegen. Ohne diese Fragen abschließend zu beantworten, wenn dies überhaupt möglich ist, lassen wir uns nach einigen Stücken wieder in die Musik fallen.
Zur Mittagszeit erklimme ich dann einen der ”Hills”. Zusammen mit Susie verweile ich dort, betrachte aus der Ferne die Tanzfläche. Wir lassen unsere Gedanken in der Weite dieser beeindruckenden Landschaft schweifen bis sie sich wieder finden. Ich spüre bald, dass ich weitergehen muss, allein weiter hinauf klettern muss. Ein Plateau nach dem anderen lasse ich hinter mir, bis ich irgendwann an einen Platz gelange, an dem ich keinen Menschen mehr sehe, keinen Sound mehr höre. Ich genieße diese Atmosphäre, diese Energie. Schließe die Augen. Und beginne zu hören. Bewusst zu hören. Das Summen vorbeischwirrender Insekten, das Rauschen des Windes, den Klang der Wüste. Langsam steigen Gefühle auf, Befürchtungen und Hoffnungen verdichten sich, werden zu Bildern von dem was mög-lich ist, auch wenn es oft so unerreichbar scheint. Traumhafte, unwirkliche, reale Bilder ausgefüllt von den Energien des Gatherings. Die Sterne sind erreichbar, aber nur wenn wir es wirklich wollen...
Wolfgang Sterneck (2001)
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Nikon FM
FILM was a FUJI PROVIA expired 1999
the box must had stayed by the window all those years since the color on the boxed faded.
Seddon high sided tipper
Mae'r cwmni bellach wedi bod yn masnachu am 59 mlynedd fel busnes teuluol.
The company has now been trading for 59 years as a family business
Lluniau trwy garedigrwydd Bethan Roberts of John Roberts (Ffestiniog) Ltd Ffestiniog . Dylai unrhyw un sydd â lluniau o ddiddordeb ac yn dymuno iddynt gael eu harddangos ar y safle hwn gysylltu â mi drwy e-bost: cm.pritchard @ btinternet.com
Photos courtesy of of Bethan Roberts of John Roberts (Ffestiniog) Ltd Ffestiniog Anyone has any photos of interest and wish them to be displayed on this site contact me by email : cm.pritchard@btinternet.com
Atlas of Human Anatomy
Translated by:
Ronald A. Bergman, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Adel K. Afifi, MD, MS
Professor
Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Neurology
This atlas is translated from the original atlas entitled "Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen" which was published in 1841 in Leipzig, Germany. The author of this atlas was Professor Dr. Carl Ernest Bock, who lived from 1809-1874.
Outside of the Romney Marsh, ruined churches are rare in Kent. So St Mary, romantically situated beside the lake that brought about it's collapse is one to seek out. Even though, judging by the graffiti carved into the chalk block walls, and litter left strewn about, this is some kind of location used for partying or something else.
Eastwell and Challock used to be neighbouring parishes, and still are really, but the direct road between the two is cut by Eastwell Estate, the two churches each stand at the end of a dead end lane that used to join the two churches. To get between the two involves a ten minute drive around the estate back to Ashford and up along the main Canterbury road.
You approach St Mary down a narrow lane, it is not signposted. But you can see the still standing tower just above the mature trees growing in the churchyard. Just beyond the church is the gate to the Eastwell Estate.
Two points of interest; one a fine flint cross in the south face of the tower. And that St Mary might be the resting place of Richard Plantagenet, son of Richard III.
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One of the few ruined churches in the county, St Mary's stands in a well-kept churchyard on the edge of Eastwell Park Lake. Only the west tower is intact and shows in its lower stage one of the unusual inset flint crosses probably inserted during the construction of the building to mark the day of the patronal festival. To the south of the tower is a nineteenth-century chapel built to house the romantic monument to Lady Winchelsea, which can now be seen in the Victoria & Albert Museum. A stone table in the churchyard marks the burial place of Richard Plantagenet, the illegitimate son of Richard III, who is reputed to have lived in the house which still stands to the east. His burial is recorded in the church register of December 1550. The church was built almost entirely of chalk blocks which, following the construction of the lake in 1841, started to soak up water which eventually resulted in the total collapse of the church in 1951. The ruins are now maintained by the Friends of Friendless Churches, a national charity, both as a place of pilgrimage and a historic monument.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Eastwell
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EASTWELL
IS the last parish remaining to be described in this hundred. It is written in antient records, Est-welles, and Estwelle, and sometimes only Welles; taking its name from the springs, with which it is watered, such being called by the Saxons, wells; and it has the addition of East from its situation, and to distinguish it from the adjoining parish of Westwell.
THE PARISH of Eastwell is very small, being not more than a mile across each way, containing in it about thirteen houses. It lies in a very healthy country, on a clean firm soil, at the side of the Ashford vale, at the foot of the range of down hills below Molash and Challock, which are here covered with woods, at the outskirt of a dreary barren country, where the soil is much addicted to chalk; but within this parish in the vale, and within the park, it becomes a flat, even and pleasant country, the soil changing to a sertile and kindly red earth of loamy clay, which produces a great deal of rich pasture. The greatest part of it is included in the park, which extends likewise into the parishes of Westwell, Challock, and Boughton Aluph, the church of Challock standing close to the pales on the north side, and that of Eastwell and the courtlodge, to those on the opposite side of it. The mansion of Eastwell-place stands at a small distance from the south east corner of the park, the pales of which join the high Faversham road and Boughton lees.
The house is very large, though the building is not extraordinary in the whole, yet the back front has something very noble and grand in the look of it. The park, though in the vale, yet it stands on higher ground that the rest of the vale beneath, having a beautiful prospect southward as far as the quarry hills, contains about 1600 acres, and by far the sinest situation in this county, the soil of it being very firm and hard, and the lower parts exceedingly sertile; the venison sed in it being accounted the sinest of any is Kent. The north-west part of it has fine inequality of ground, and being richly clothed with wood, shews nature in a most pleasing and picturesque state. In this part of the park is a very high hill, on the top of which is an octagon plain, from whence are cut eight several avenues or walks, called the Star Walks, the intermediare spaces being filled with fine venerable trees, so thick as to exclude the light from beneath them, making a very awful and majestic appearance. The view from the top of this hill is very extensive, for from it may be seen the course of the river Medway to Sheerness, and the buoy of the Nore toward the German ocean, and on the opposite side the British channel towards France beyond Romney Marsh, besides a very extensive and beautiful land prospect almost on every side.
One side of the village on Boughton lees in within this parish, at the eastern boundary of it, and there is another hamlet at the opposite part of the parish, called Linacre street, in which there is a house called Linacrehall, late belonging to Mr. Thomas Munn, of Ashford. This parish is watered by three springs, one of which rises at the bottom of the park, under Boughton-lees, and thence runs by Wilmington and Clipmill, into the river Stour, under Frogbrooke, having been joined by another which rises near the church; the third rises at the south corner of the park, near the other, and thence flows down by Kennington-common and Burton, into the river near Wilsborough-lees, just before which it is called Bacon's water.
There is a tradition, that a natural son of king Richard III. named Richard Plantagenet, sled hither from Leicester immediately after the fatal battle of Bosworth, fought in 1485, in which the king lost both his life and crown, and that he lived here in a mean capacity, having leave given him by Sir Tho. Moyle, as soon as he was discovered by him, to build for himself a small house, in one of his fields near his mansion of Eastwell-place, in which he afterwards lived and died; which is corroborated by an entry of his burial in the parish registry. He died in 1550, anno 4 king Edward VI. aged, as is supposed, about eighty-one. The entry in the parish register is as follows, under the article of burials: V. Richard Plantagenet, Desember 22d, 1550; the letter V prefixed being put before the name of every person of noble family mentioned in it; and against the north wall of the high chancel there is an antient tomb, without inscription, with the marks of two coats of arms, the brasses gone, which is reported to be that of this Richard Plantagenet. There was then no park here, but when there was one made, this small hut was included in it, and remained in being till it was pulled down by Heneage, earl of Winchelsea, who died in 1689. (fn. 1)
At the time of taking the general survey of Domesday, in the 15th year of the Conqueror's reign, this place was part of the possessions of Hugo de Montfort, under the general title of whose lands it is thus entered in it:
Hugo de Montfort holds one manor, Estwelle, which Frederic held of king Edward. It was taxed at one suling. There are three yokes within the division of Hugo, and the fourth yoke is without, and is of the fee of the bishop of Baieux. The arable land is three carucates in the whole. In demesne there are two carucates, and five villeins, and five borderers having one carucate and an half. There are ten servants, and twelve acres of meadow, and a wood. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, it was worth seventy shillings, and afterwards thirty shillings, now seventy shillings.
And the following entries in the same record, under the general title of the bishop of Baieux's lands, seem to relate to his possessions in this parish:
Ralph de Curbespine holds of the bishop Essewelle. It was taxed at three sulings. The arable land is . . . . . In demesne there are three carucates, and one villein, with seven borderers having half a carucate. There is one servant. It is worth six pounds. Molleue held it of king Edward.
The other entry is thus: Osbern holds of the bishop one manor, which three free tenants held of king Edward. It was taxed at one suling and an half. The arable land is . . . . In demesne there is one carucate, and one villein, with one borderer having half a caruacate. In the time of king Edward it was, and is now worth four pounds.
Hugo de Montfort, before-mentioned, had accompanied the Conqueror in his expedition hither, and after the battle of Hastings was rewarded for his services with many lordships in different counties, and among them with this of Eastwell. Robert, his grandson, was general of king William Rufus's army; but favouring the title of Robert Curthose, in opposition to king Henry I. to avoid being called in question upon that account, obtained leave to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, leaving his possessions to the king, by which means this manor came into the hands of the crown, of which it was afterwards held by a family who took their surname from it; one of whom, Matilda de Estwelles, held this manor, with the advowson of the church of it, of the king in capite, at her death in the 52d year of king Henry III. Soon after which it seems to have come into the possession of the family of Criol; for Bertram, son of John de Criol, died possessed of it in the 23d year of king Edward I. holding it in the like manner, and by ward to Dover castle, being part of those lands which made up the barony, called the Constabularie. He left two sons, John and Bertram, and a daughter Joane, who afterwards married Sir Richard de Rokesle. Both these sons died s.p. the former of them left his wife Alianor surviving, who entitled her second husband Edmund Gaselyn to this manor for her life, and she died possessed of it in the 23d year of king Edward III. upon which this manor descended to Agnes and Joane, the two daughters and coheirs of Joane her late husband's sister before-mentioned, by Sir Richard de Rokesley; and upon the division of their inheritance, the manor of Eastwell was allotted to Agnes the eldest, who entitled Thomas de Poynings her husband to it; and in his descendants this manor, with the advowson of the church, continued down to Robert de Poynings, who died possessed of it in the 25th year of king Henry VI. leaving Alianore, his grand-daughter, wife of Henry, lord Percy, eldest son of Henry, earl of Northumberland, his next heir; who in the 27th year of it had summons to parliament among the barons of this realm, as lord Poynings. Six years after which he succeeded his father as earl of Northumberland, and in his descendants this manor, with the advowson, continued down to Henry, earl of Northumberland, who in the 23d year of king Henry VIII. conveyed it to seossees, who soon afterwards passed it away by sale to Sir Christopher Hales, the king's attorney-general, whose lands were disgavelled by the act of the 31st of Henry VIII. and he died possessed of it in the 33d year of that reign, holding it of the king, as of the honor of his castle of Dover, by knight's service. He left three daughters his coheirs, and they, with their respective husbands, joined in the sale of it to Sir. Tho. Moyle, of Eastwell, whose lands were disgaveiled by the acts of 31 king Henry VIII. and second and third of Edward VI. being the son of John, descended from a family of this name at Bodmin, in Cornwall, and youngest brother of Walter Moyle, of Buckwell. (fn. 2) He was speaker of the house of commons anno 34 king Henry VIII. and chancellor of the court of augmentation, who was in high esteem with that prince, and accumulated a large fortune in his profession of the law. He new built the mansion of Eastwell place, and died possessed of this manor, with the advowson of the church of it in 1560, leaving two daughters his coheirs, Catherine, married to Thomas Finch, gent. and Anne, married to Sir Thomas Kempe, of Wye, but this manor, with the advowson, had been settled on the former, on her marriage with Mr. Thomas Finch, who was afterwards knighted, and resided at Eastwell-place, The family of Finch, according to John Philipott, Rouge Dragon, was originally descended from Henry Fitz-Herbert, chamberlain to king Henry I. whose descendant Matthew Fitz-Herbert, who was one of the magnates or barons, at the compiling of Magna Charta, as was his son of the same name in that parliament, which was convened to meet at Tewksbury. The alteration of this name to Finch was about the 10th of king Edward I. at which time Herbert Fitz-Herbert purchased the manor of Finches, in Lid, of which being entire lord, which he was not of his more antient patrimony of Netherfield, in Suffex, he assumed his surname from that, as many other families in that age did from those places of which they possessed the entire seignory, bearing for his arms, Argent, a chevron between three griffins, segreant, sable. Vincent Herbert, alias Finch, was of Netherfield, about the end of the reign of king Edward II. and left two sons, Henry and John, the latter of whom was father of John, prior of Christ-church. Henry Herbert, alias Finch, the eldest son, inherited Nethersfield, and died anno 8 king Richard II. and left Vincent Herbert, alias Finch, (with whom the pedigree of this family begins in the Heraldic Visitation of this county, in 1619) whose son Vincent, was living in the reigns of king Richard II. and Henry IV. and by his wife Isabel, daughter and coheir of Robert Cralle, of Cralle, in Sussex, had two sons, William and John; which latter married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Seward, of Linsted, from whom descended the Finch's, of Sewards, Norton, Kingsdown, Faversham, Wye, and other places in this county. William Finch, the eldest son, by which name only he and his descendants wrote themselves, was of Netherfield, and had a son Henry Finch, esq. who married Alice, only daughter and heir of Philip Belknap, of the Moat, near Canterbury, uncle to Sir Ed ward Belknap, which marriage not only occasioned the first residence of this branch of the family in Kent, but rendered it more illustrious by a descent from many noble ones. Their eldest son Sir William Finch, was of the Moat in king Henry the VIIIth's reign, and was father of Sir Thomas Finch, of Eastwell, before-mentioned, (fn. 3) of which he died possessed in 1563. They had three sons and one daughter, of whom Henry, the third son, was sergeant-at-law, and left one son John, who was chief justice of the common pleas, lord keeper, and created anno 16 Charles I. lord Finch, baron of Fordwich, and died in 1661; the eldest, Sir Moyle Finch, was created a baronet at the first institution of that order, and surviving his mother, who had remarried Nicholas St. Leger, esq. (and lies buried in this church, as well as her father Sir Thomas Moyle, and all her descendants, to the present time) became possessed of this manor and advowson. He married Elizabeth, only daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Heneage, and resided at Eastwell-place, which he made very great additions to, and in 1589, obtained the queen's licence to inclose his grounds here, not exceeding one thousand acres, and to turn the highways that might be annoyed by it, and to embattle his house of Estwell. He died in 1614, leaving his widow, the lady Elizabeth Finch, surviving, who was by letters patent in 1623, anno 21 James I. created viscountess Maidstone; and afterwards, in 1628, anno 4 king Charles I. countess of Winchelsea, in Sussex. She died in 1633, and was buried at Eastwell, under a noble monument erected there for her and her husband, by whom she had several sons and daughters, the eldest son, Sir Theophilus Finch, bart. died s.p. the second, Sir Thomas, succeeded as earl of Winchelsea; the third, Sir John, was resident with the grand duke of Tuscany, and ambassador in Turkey, of whom there is no issue. He died in 1642, and was buried in Queen's college chapel, in Cambridge, to which he was a good benefactor; the fourth, Sir Heneage Finch, sergeant-at-law, and recorder of London, who died in 1641, was ancestor to the late earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham; and the fifth, Francis, was barrister-at-law, and an ingenious poet, who died s.p. Sir Thomas Finch, bart. the eldest surviving son, succeeded her as earl of Winchesea, &c. and in her possessions here, whose eldest son Heneage, second earl of Winchelsea, was one of those nobles who favored the restoration of king Charles II. and as such, was by general Monk entrusted with the government of Dover castle, and after king Charles's return was, in acknowledgment of his services, and of being descended from the antient family of Herbert, created baron Fitz-Herbert, of Eastwell, in the 12th year of his reign, and constituted lord lieutenant and custos rotulorum of this county, and shortly after sent ambassador extraordinary into Turkey. He was lord lieutenant when king James II. was taken, on his leaving this kingdom, and brought to Faversham, where, for protection from the insults of the populace, he sent to lord Winchelsea from Eastwell, who immediately came and persuaded the king to return to London. He died in 1689, having married four wives, by whom he had in all twenty-seven children, of whom sixteen lived to some maturity. At length these honors and estates descended afterwards down to John his son, by his fourth wife, his other intermediate descendants being dead without issue, who became the fifth earl of Winchelsea, who dying likewise s.p. in 1729, the titles of earl of Winchelsea and viscount Maidstone, for that of baron Fitz-Herbert became extinct, together with this manor and advowson, and the mansion and park of Eastwell, with the rest of the earl's estates in this county, devolved on Daniel, second earl of Nottingham, son and heir of Sir Heneage Finch, who had been created earl of Nottingham in 1681, son and heir of Sir Heneage Finch, the fourth son of Sir Moyle Finch, of Eastwell, knight and baronet, by his wife Katherine, who was created countess of Winchelsea as beforementioned. Sir Heneage Finch above-mentioned, was eminent in the profession of the law, and was recorder of London, and in the first year of king Charles I. elected speaker of the house of commons, and resided at Kensington, in the house now the royal palace. He died in 1631. Heneage, his son and heir, was in 1660, made solicitor-general, knighted, and created a baronet, being then of Raunston, in Buckinghamshire. He was afterwards attorney-general, and in 1673 made lord keeper; shortly after which he was in 1674, created lord Finch, baron of Daventry; and next year made lord chancellor, and in 1681 created earl of Nottingham; he had fourteen children, of which seven sons and one daughter survived him. Of the sons, Daniel succeeded him as earl of Nottingham; 2, Heneage was created baron of Guernsey and earl of Aylesford, of whom and his descendants a full account may be seen under that parish. (fn. 4) Charles was fellow of All Souls college, and Henry was dean of York, and lies buried there with his brother Edward, who was prebendary of that church. Daniel, second earl of Nottingham, above-mentioned, became the sixth earl of Winchelsea, and entered early into life, being of the privy council to king Charles II. after whose death he took an active part in the politics of the succeding reigns, and was, for his great learning and abilities, highly trusted and employed in the great affairs of state till the year 1716, when he retired from all public affairs, and lived so till his death in 1730. He was twice married, first to lady Essex Rich, second daughter and coheir of Robert, earl of Warwick, by whom he had one daughter Mary; secondly to Anne, only daughter of Christopher, viscount Hatton, by whom he had five sons and eight daughters, besides seventeen other children who died young. The eldest son was Daniel, who succeeded him in titles and estate; William was envoy extraordinary to Sweden and the States General, and afterwards privy counsellor and vice-chamberlain of the houshold, who left a son George, who on his uncle's death, succeeded him in his titles, as will be further mentioned; John was solicitor-general to king George II. when prince of Wales, and afterwards king's council. Henry was surveyor of his Majesty's works; and Edward afterwards took the name of Hatton, pursuant to the will of Anne his aunt, the youngest daughter of Christopher, viscount Hatton, and heir of her brother William, viscount Hatton. He married Anne, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Palmer, bart. of Wingham, by whom he had George Finch Hatton, of whom more hereaster, and four other sons, and three daughters.—He was succeeded in the titles of earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, viscount Maidstone, and baron of Daventry, as well as in his estates in this county, by Daniel his eldest son, who was constantly employed from the accession of king George I in the most important offices of the state, till the year 1766, when he retired from all public business, having been in 1752 elected a knight of the garter. He was twice married; first to Frances, daughter of Basil Fielding, earl of Denbigh, by whom he had one daughter Charlotte; and secondly, to Mary, daughter and coheir of Sir T. Palmer, bart. above-mentioned, by whom he had four daughters, Heneage, Essex, Hatton, and Augusta. He died in 1769, æt. 81, full of years and wisdom, and was buried among his ancestors, in the church of Eastwell. On his death without issue male, his titles, together with his seat at Burleigh, and estates in Rutlandshire and other counties, descended to his nephew George, son of his next brother William, but he by his will devised the manor and advowson of Eastwell, with the park and mansion of Eastwell-place, together with all the rest of his Kentish estates, to his nephew George Finch Hatton, esq. eldest son of his youngest brother Edward Finch Hatton, who is the present possessor of them. He married Elizabeth-Mary, daughter of David, late lord viscount Stormont, afterwards earl of Mansfield, by whom he has issue, and now resides at Eastwell-place. He bears for his arms those of Finch before-mentioned, quartered with those of Hatton, being Azure, a chevron, between three garbs, or.
POTHERY is a small manor within the bounds of this parish, which seems to have been part of that estate belonging to Odo, bishop of Baieux, described in Domesday before, which, on his disgrace about four years afterwards, that is, about the year 1084, became with the rest of his possessions, consiscated to the crown, of which it was afterwards held by the family of Criol; and John de Criol, younger son of Bertram, held it, together with the manor of Seaton, in Boughton Aluph, already descriebed before, in the account of that parish, at his death in the 48th year of Henry III. In his descendants it continued till it passed at length with that manor in marriage to Rokesle, and thence again in like manner to the Perys, and was sold with it by Henry, earl of Northumberland, in Henry the VIIIth.'s reign, to Sir Christopher Hales, whose three coheirs sold it to Sir Thomas Moyle, whence it went by marriage again to Finch, whose descendant Daniel, earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, dying in 1769, without male issue, gave it by will to his nephew, George Finch Hatton, esq. now of Eastwell, the present owner of it.
Charities.
SIR WALTER MOYLE, of this parish, by will, anno 1480, ordered that his feoffees should deliver an estate in see simple to three or four honest and trusty men, in two acres of arable land in this parish, in a field called Cotingland, to the use of the church of Eastwell, in recompence of a certain annual rent of two pounds of wax, by him wrested and detained from it against his conscience.
MR. THOMAS KIPPS left by will in 1680, 20s. per annum to the use of the poor, out of a field in Great Chart, rented at 6l. per annum, the remainder of the rent being left to five other parishes.
THERE is an alms house in this parish.
The poor constantly relieved are about seven, casually five.
EASTWELL is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Charing.
¶The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary, consists of two isles and two chancels, having a square embattled tower at the west end, in which hang three bells. It is an antient building of slint, with ashler stone round the windows, which are small, and of only one compartment. The arms of Poynings still remain in the east window of the high chancel. Within the altar rails is a memorial for Nicholas Toke, clerk, obt. 1670, and for Nicholas Toke, his eldest son, obt. 1673. On the south side of the chancel is the tomb of Sir Thomas Moyle. In the south chancel is a sumptuous tomb, on which lie the figures of a man and woman in white marble, at full length, their sons and daughters round the sides of it; it had till within these few years, a beautiful dome or canopy over them, supported by eight pillars of black marble, the fragments of which now lie scattered about the chancel. It was erected for Sir Moyle Finch, knight and bart. who died in 1614, and Elizabeth his wife, created counteis of Winchelsea, &c. And a monument for Sir Heneage Finch, sergeant-at law, and recorder of London, who died in 1631, and of his first wife, who died in 1627. At the upper end of the south isle is a vault, for the Finch family, in which are thirty-eight coffins; the Hon. Edward Finch Hatton, father of the present Mr. Hatton, of Eastwell, being the last who was buried in it.
The church of Eastwell was always esteemed an appendage to the manor, and continues so, the lord of it, George Finch Hatton, esq. being the present patron of this rectory.
It is valued in the king's books at 9l. 16s. 8d. It is now a discharged living, of the clear yearly certified value of forty-two pounds. In 1588, it was valued at forty pounds per annum, communicants fifty-five. In 1640 the same.
Beehive cluster (M44) and satellite track (just below and to the left of delta Cancer, the brightest star in this image).
Took this pic a week or so ago, before I know the asteroid was coming.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the model, the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
After the division of Czechoslovakia by Germany in 1939, Slovakia was left with a small air force composed primarily of Czechoslovak combat aircraft. This force defended Slovakia against Hungary in March 1939, in the Slovak–Hungarian War in March 1939 in which Hungary reoccupied Carpathian Ruthenia and parts of southern Slovakia. In this the SVZ suffered some losses against Royal Hungarian Air Force. Later, the SVZ also took part in the German Invasion of Poland. The SVZ took part in Axis offensives in the Ukraine and Russian Central front sectors of the Eastern Front under the lead of Luftwaffe in the Stalingrad and Caucasus operations. This engagement resulted in great losses of aircraft and personnel, though.
During the World War II, the Slovak Air force was charged with the defense of Slovak airspace, and, after the invasion of Russia, provided air cover for Slovak forces fighting against the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front. For the rest of the war the SVZ fought US Army Air Forces and Royal Air Force raids against Slovakia.
Among the many more or less outdated German aircraft types inherited from the Luftwaffe during the early stages of WWII was a small number of Hs 123 A-1 dive bombers. The Henschel Hs 123 was a small single-seat biplane dive bomber and close-support attack aircraft. The aircraft was designed to meet the 1933 dive bomber requirements for the reborn Luftwaffe. Both Henschel and rival Fieseler (with the Fi 98) competed for the production contract requirement, which specified a single-seat biplane dive bomber. The first prototype, the Hs 123 V1, was cleared for its maiden flight on 1 April 1935; General Ernst Udet, a World War I ace, flew it on its first public demonstration flight on 8 May 1935. The first three Henschel prototypes, with the first and third powered by 485 kW (650 hp) BMW 132A-3 engines and the second by a 574 kW (770 hp) Wright Cyclone, were tested at Rechlin in August 1936. Only the first prototype had "smooth" cowlings; from that point on, all aircraft had a tightly fitting, characteristic cowling that included 18 fairings covering the engine valves. The Henschel prototypes did away with bracing wires and although they looked slightly outdated with their single faired interplane struts and cantilever main landing gear legs attached to smaller (stub) lower wings, the Hs 123 featured an all-metal construction, clean lines and superior maneuverability. Its biplane wings were of a "sesquiplane" configuration, whereby the lower wings were significantly smaller than the top wings.
The overall performance of the Hs 123 V1 prototype prematurely eliminated any chance for the more conventional Fi 98, which was cancelled after a sole prototype had been constructed. During testing, the Hs 123 proved capable of pulling out of "near-vertical" dives; however, two prototypes subsequently crashed due to structural failures in the wings that occurred when the aircraft were tested in high-speed dives. The fourth prototype incorporated improvements to cure these problems; principally, stronger center-section struts were fitted. After it had been successfully tested, the Hs 123 was ordered into production with a 656 kW (880 hp) BMW 132Dc engine.
The Hs 123 was intended to replace the Heinkel He 50 biplane reconnaissance and dive bomber as well as acting as a "stop-gap" measure until the more modern and capable Junkers Ju 87 became available. As such, production was limited and no upgrades were considered, although an improved version, the Hs 123B, was developed by Henschel in 1938. A proposal to fit the aircraft with a more powerful 716 kW (960 hp) "K"-variant of its BMW 132 engine did not proceed beyond the prototype stage, the Hs 123 V5. The V6 prototype fitted with a similar powerplant and featuring a sliding cockpit hood was intended to serve as the Hs 123C prototype.
About 265 aircraft were produced and production of the Hs 123A ended in Autumn 1938. It was flown by the German Luftwaffe during the Spanish Civil War and the early to midpoint of World War II. At the outbreak of hostilities, Hs 123s were committed to action in the Polish Campaign. Screaming over the heads of enemy troops, the Hs 123s delivered their bombs with devastating accuracy. A frightening aspect of an Hs 123 attack was the staccato noise of its engine that a pilot could manipulate by changing rpm to create "gunfire-like" bursts. The Hs 123 proved rugged and able to take a lot of damage and still keep on flying. Operating from primitive bases close to the front lines, the type was considered by ground crews to be easy to maintain, quick to re-equip and reliable even under dire field conditions.
The Polish campaign was a success for an aircraft considered obsolete by the Luftwaffe high command. Within a year, the Hs 123 was again in action in the Blitzkrieg attacks through the Netherlands, Belgium and France. Often positioned as the Luftwaffe's most-forward based combat unit, the Hs 123s flew more missions per day than other units, and again proved their worth in the close-support role. With Ju 87s still being used as tactical bombers rather than true ground support aircraft and with no other aircraft capable of this mission in the Luftwaffe arsenal the Hs 123 was destined to continue in service for some time, although numbers were constantly being reduced by attrition.
The Hs 123 was not employed in the subsequent Battle of Britain as the English Channel proved an insuperable obstacle for the short-ranged aircraft, and the sole leftover operator, II.(Schl)/LG 2, went back to Germany to re-equip with the Messerschmitt Bf 109E fighter bomber (Jabo) variant. The Bf 109E fighter bomber was not capable of carrying any more bombs than the Hs 123. It did, however, have a greater range and was far more capable of defending itself. On the downside were the notoriously tricky taxiing, ground handling, and takeoff/landing characteristics of the Bf 109, which were exacerbated with a bomb load.
At the beginning of the Balkans Campaign, the 32 examples of the Hs 123 that had been retired after the fall of France were taken back into service and handed over to the Slovak Air Force to replace the heavy losses on the Eastern Front after combat fatigue and desertion had reduced the pilots' effectiveness. Most of Slovakia's obsolete biplanes were replaced with modern German combat aircraft, including the Messerschmitt Bf 109, so that the Hs 123s were initially regarded with distrust – but the machines proved their worth in the ensuing battles. The Slovak Hs 123s took part in the Battle of Kursk and supported ground troops, some were outfitted with locally designed ski landing gears which proved to be a very effective alternative to the Hs 123’s spatted standard landing gear which was prone to collect snow and mud and even block. After this deployment at the Russian front, the Slovak Air Force was sent back to defend Slovak home air space, primarily executed with Messerschmitt Bf 109 E and G types, Avia B-534, and some other interceptor types, also helped by Luftwaffe units active in the area.
Being confined to national borders, the Slovak Hs 123s were put in reserve and relegated to training purposes, even though they were occasionally activated to support German ground troops. From late August 1944 the remaining Hs 123s also actively took part in the suppression of the Slovak National Uprising against Germany.
Since Hs 123 production had already stopped in 1940 and all tools had been destroyed, the permanent attritions could not be replaced - due to a lack of serviceable airframes and spare parts the type’s numbers dwindled. When Romania and the Soviet Union entered Slovakia, they organized with some captured aircraft and defectors a local Insurgent Air Force to continue the fight against Axis forces in country, including the last operational Slovak Hs 123s. No aircraft survived the war.
General characteristics:
Crew: 1
Length: 8.33 m (27 ft 4 in)
Wingspan: 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
Height: 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in)
Wing area: 24.85 m² (267.5 sq ft)
Empty weight: 1,500 kg (3,307 lb)
Gross weight: 2,215 kg (4,883 lb)
Powerplant:
1× BMW 132Dc 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine with 660 kW (880 hp),
driving a 2-bladed metal variable-pitch propeller
Performance:
Maximum speed: 341 km/h (212 mph, 184 kn) at 1,200 m (3,937 ft)
Range: 860 km (530 mi, 460 nmi) with a 100 l drop tank
Combat range: 480 km (300 mi, 260 nmi) with 200 kg (440.9 lb) of bombs
Service ceiling: 9,000 m (30,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 15 m/s (3,000 ft/min)
Armament:
2× 7.92 mm MG 17 machine guns, 400 rpg
Up to 450 kg (992.1 lb) of bombs under fuselage and wings
The kit and its assembly:
A relatively simple what-if project, and it took a while to figure out something to do with a surplus Airfix Hs 123 A kit in The Stash™ without a proper plan yet. The Hs 123 is an overlooked aircraft, and the fact that all airframes were used during WWII until none was left makes a story in Continental Europe a bit difficult. I also did not want to create a German aircraft – Finland was an early favorite, because I wanted to add a ski landing gear (see below), but since I won’t build anything with a swastika on it this option was a dead end. Then I considered an operator from the Balkans, e. g. Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia or Slovakia – and eventually settled for the latter because of the national markings.
The kit was built almost OOB, and the Airfix Hs 123 is a nice offering. Yes, it’s a simple kit, but its is IMHO a very good representation, despite the many rivets on the hull, a rather bleak interior and some sinkholes (e. g. on the massive outer wings struts). It goes together well, just a little PSR here and there. I just added a dashboard (scratched from styrene sheet) and modified the OOB 50 kg bombs with extended impact fuzes with a flat, round plate at the tip, so that the bomb itself explodes above soft ground or snow for a bigger blast radius.
The only major modification is a transplanted ski landing gear from a PM Model (Finnish) Fokker D.XXI, which had to be reduced in length to fit under the compact Hs 123. A small tail ski/skid was scratched from styrene sheet material.
Thankfully, the Hs 123 only calls for little rigging – just between the central upper wing supports and there is a characteristic “triangle” wiring in the cowling. All these, together with the wire antenna, were created with heated sprue material.
Painting and markings:
Finland had been a favorite because I would have been able to apply a more interesting paint scheme than the standard Luftwaffe RLM 70/71/65 splinter scheme with a low waterline that was typical for the Hs 123 during WWII. However, as a former Luftwaffe aircraft I retained this livery but decided to add a winter camouflage as a suitable thematic supplement to the skis.
The basic colors became Humbrol 65 underneath and 30 and 75 from above – the latter for a stronger contrast to the Dunkelgrün than Humbrol 91 (Schwarzgrün). Thanks to the additional whitewash mottles, which were inspired by a similar livery seen on a contemporary Bulgarian Avia B.534, I did not have to be too exact with the splinter camouflage.
The cockpit and cowling interior were painted with RLM 02 (Humbrol 240), the propeller blades became Schwarzgrün (Humbrol 91, further darkened with some black) and the bombs were painted in a dark grey (Revell 77) while the small 100 l drop tank became bare aluminum (Revell 99).
However, before the white mottles could be added, the kit received its decals so that they could be painted around the markings, just as in real life. The Slovak national markings had to be scratched, and I used standard white simplified German Balkenkreuze over a cross made from blue decal stripes. Later a separate red decal circle was placed on top of that. The only other markings are the red “7” codes, edged in white for better contrast (from a Heller Bf 109 K) and the fuel information triangles on the fuselage from the Hs 123’s OOB sheet. As an ID marking for an Eastern Front Axis aircraft, I retained the wide yellow fuselage stripe from the OOB, sheet, too, and added yellow tips on the upper wings’ undersides.
The whitewash camouflage was then created with white acrylic paint (Revell 05), applied with a soft brush with a rounded tip. Once this had dried, I treated the surfaces with fine wet sandpaper for a weathered/worn look.
Finally, after some soot stains behind the exhausts and around the machine gun nozzles, the kit was sealed with matt acrylic varnish and the rigging (see above) was done.
The Hs 123 might not be the sexiest aircraft of WWII, but I like this rugged pug which could not be replaced by its successor, the Ju 87, and served in its close support role until literally no aircraft was left. Putting one on skis worked quite well, and the exotic Slovak markings add a special touch – even though the national markings almost disappear among the disruptive whitewash camouflage! The result looks quite plausible, though, and the old Airfix kit is IMHO really underestimated.
I can't remember why i decided to to Ufford; I think it was because it is in Simon's top ten of Suffolk churches. Of course everything is down to taste and perspective and what the day, light, or other factors at play when you visited.
I drove through the village three times looking for the church, but this was Upper Ufford; all golf clubs and easy access to the A12.
I tried to find the church on the sat nav, but that wanted me to go to Ipswich or Woodbridge, I then tried to find Church Lane, and hit the jackpot. Down through a modern housing estate, then down a narrow lane, left at the bottom and there at the end of a lane stood St Mary, or the tower of the church anyway.
In the house opposite, a young man paused doing physical jerks to stare at me as ai parked, but my eyes were on the church. What delights would I find inside?
The south wall of the church inside the porch is lined with some very nice tiles; I take a few pictures. Inside, your eye is taken to the wonderful font cover, several metres high, disappearing into the wooden beams high above. A fine rood beam stretched across the chancel arch, and is still decorated.
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Upper Ufford is a pleasant place, and known well enough in Suffolk. Pretty much an extension northwards of Woodbridge and Melton, it is a prosperous community, convenient without being suburban. Ufford Park Hotel is an enjoyable venue in to attend professional courses and conferences, and the former St Audrey's mental hospital grounds across the road are now picturesque with luxury flats and houses. And I am told that the Ufford Park golf course is good, too, for those who like that kind of thing.
But as I say, that Ufford is really just an extension of Melton. In fact, there is another Ufford. It is in the valley below, more than a mile away along narrow lanes and set in deep countryside beside the Deben, sits Lower Ufford. To reach it, you follow ways so rarely used that grass grows up the middle.
You pass old Melton church, redundant since the 19th century, but still in use for occasional exhibitions and performances, and once home to the seven sacrament font that is now in the plain 19th century building up in the main village. Eventually, the lane widens, and you come into the single street of a pretty, tiny hamlet, the church tower hidden from you by old cottages and houses.
In one direction, the lane to Bromeswell takes you past Lower Ufford's delicious little pub, the White Lion. A stalwart survivor among fast disappearing English country pubs, the beer still comes out of barrels and the bar is like a kitchen. I cannot think that a visit to Ufford should be undertaken without at least a pint there. And, at the other end of the street, set back in a close between cottages, sits the Assumption, its 14th century tower facing the street, a classic Suffolk moment.
The dedication was once that of hundreds of East Anglian churches, transformed to 'St Mary' by the Reformation and centuries of disuse before the 19th century revival, but revived both here and at Haughley near Stowmarket. In late medieval times, it coincided with the height of the harvest, and in those days East Anglia was Our Lady's Dowry, intensely Catholic, intimately Marian.
The Assumption was almost certainly not the original dedication of this church. There was a church here for centuries before the late middle ages, and although there are no traces of any pre-Conquest building, the apse of an early-Norman church has been discovered under the floor of the north side of the chancel. The current chancel has a late Norman doorway, although it has been substantially rebuilt since, and in any case the great glories of Ufford are all 15th century. Perhaps the most dramatic is the porch, one of Suffolk's best, covered in flushwork and intriguing carvings.
Ufford's graveyard is beautiful; wild and ancient. I wandered around for a while, spotting the curious blue crucifix to the east of the church, and reading old gravestones. One, to an early 19th century gardener at Ufford Hall, has his gardening equipment carved at the top. The church is secretive, hidden on all sides by venerable trees, difficult to photograph but lovely anyway. I stopped to look at it from the unfamiliar north-east; the Victorian schoolroom, now a vestry, juts out like a small cottage.
I walked back around to the south side, where the gorgeous porch is like a small palace against the body of the church. I knew the church would be open, because it is every day. And then, through the porch, and down into the north aisle, into the cool, dim, creamy light.
On the afternoon of Wednesday, 21st August 1644, Ufford had a famous visitor, a man who entered the church in exactly the same way, a man who recorded the events of that day in his journal. There were several differences between his visit and the one that I was making, one of them crucial; he found the church locked. He was the Commissioner to the Earl of Manchester for the Imposition in the Eastern Association of the Parliamentary Ordinance for the Demolishing of Monuments of Idolatry, and his name was William Dowsing.
Dowsing was a kind of 17th century political commissar, travelling the eastern counties and enforcing government legislation. He was checking that local officials had carried out what they were meant to do, and that they believed in what they were doing. In effect, he was getting them to work and think in the new ways that the central government required. It wasn't really a witch hunt, although God knows such things did exist in abundance at that time. It was more as if an arm of the state extended and worked its fingers into even the tiniest and most remote parishes. Anyone working in the public sector in Britain in the early years of the 21st century will have come across people like Dowsing.
As a part of his job, Dowsing was an iconoclast, charged with ensuring that idolatrous images were excised from the churches of the region. He is a man blamed for a lot. In fact, virtually all the Catholic imagery in English churches had been destroyed by the Anglican reformers almost a hundred years before Dowsing came along. All that survived was that which was difficult to destroy - angels in the roofs, gable crosses, and the like - and that which was inconvenient to replace - primarily, stained glass. Otherwise, in the late 1540s the statues had been burnt, the bench ends smashed, the wallpaintings whitewashed, the roods hauled down and the fonts plastered over. I have lost count of the times I have been told by churchwardens, or read in church guides, that the hatchet job on the bench ends or the font in their church was the work of 'William Dowsing' or 'Oliver Cromwell'. In fact, this destruction was from a century earlier than William Dowsing. Sometimes, I have even been told this at churches which Dowsing demonstrably did not visit.
Dowsing's main targets included stained glass, which the pragmatic Anglican reformers had left alone because of the expense of replacing it, and crosses and angels, and chancel steps. We can deduce from Dowsing's journal which medieval imagery had survived for him to see, and that which had already been hidden - not, I hasten to add, because people wanted to 'save' Catholic images, but rather because this was an expedient way of getting rid of them.
So, for example, Dowsing visited three churches during his progress through Suffolk which today have seven sacrament fonts, but Dowsing does not mention a single one of them in his journal; they had all been plastered over long ago.
In fact, Dowsing was not worried so much about medieval survivals. What concerned him more was overturning the reforms put in place by the ritualist Archbishop Laud in the 1630s. Laud had tried to restore the sacramental nature of the Church, primarily by putting the altar back in the chancel and building it up on raised steps. Laud had since been beheaded thanks to puritan popular opinion, but the evidence of his wickedness still filled the parish churches of England. The single order that Dowsing gave during his progress more than any other was that chancel steps should be levelled.
The 21st of August was a hot day, and Dowsing had much work to do. He had already visited the two Trimley churches, as well as Brightwell and Levington, that morning, and he had plans to reach Baylham on the other side of Ipswich before nightfall. Much to his frustration, he was delayed at Ufford for two hours by a dispute between the church wardens over whether or not to allow him access.
The thing was, he had been here before. Eight months earlier, as part of a routine visit, he had destroyed some Catholic images that were in stained glass, and prayer clauses in brass inscriptions, but had trusted the churchwardens to deal with a multitude of other sins, images that were beyond his reach without a ladder, or which would be too time-consuming. This was common practice - after all, the churchwardens of Suffolk were generally equally as puritan as Dowsing. It was assumed that people in such a position were supporters of the New Puritan project, especially in East Anglia. Dowsing rarely revisited churches. But, for some reason, he felt he had to come back here to make sure that his orders had been carried out.
Why was this? In retrospect, we can see that Ufford was one of less than half a dozen churches where the churchwardens were uncooperative. Elsewhere, at hundreds of other churches, the wardens welcomed Dowsing with open arms. And Dowsing only visited churches in the first place if it was thought there might be a problem, parishes with notorious 'scandalous ministers' - which is to say, theological liberals. Richard Lovekin, the Rector of Ufford, had been turned out of his living the previous year, although he survived to return when the Church of England was restored in 1660. But that was in the future. Something about his January visit told Dowsing that he needed to come back to Ufford.
Standing in the nave of the Assumption today, you can still see something that Dowsing saw, something which he must have seen in January, but which he doesn't mention until his second visit, in the entry in his journal for August 21st, which appears to be written in a passion. This is Ufford's most famous treasure, the great 15th century font cover.
It rises, six metres high, magnificent and stately, into the clerestory, enormous in its scale and presence. In all England, only the font cover at Southwold is taller. The cover is telescopic, and crocketting and arcading dances around it like waterfalls and forests. There are tiny niches, filled today with 19th century statues. At the top is a gilt pelican, plucking its breast.
Dowsing describes the font cover as glorious... like a pope's triple crown... but this is just anti-Catholic innuendo. The word glorious in the 17th century meant about the same as the word 'pretentious' means to us now - Dowsing was scoffing.
But that was no reason for him to be offended by it. The Anglicans had destroyed all the statues in the niches a century before, and all that remained was the pelican at the top, pecking its breast to feed its chicks. Dowsing would have known that this was a Catholic image of the Sacrifice of the Mass, and would have disapproved. But he did not order the font cover to be destroyed. After all, the rest of the cover was harmless enough, apart from being a waste of good firewood, and the awkwardness of the Ufford churchwardens seems to have put him off following through. He never went back.
Certainly, there can have been no theological reason for the churchwardens to protect their font cover. I like to think that they looked after it simply because they knew it to be beautiful, and that they also knew it had been constructed by ordinary workmen of their parish two hundred years before, under the direction of some European master designer. They protected it because of local pride, and amen to that. The contemporary font beneath is of a type more familiar in Norfolk than Suffolk, with quatrefoils alternating with shields, and heads beneath the bowl.
While the font cover is extraordinary, and of national importance, it is one of just several medieval survivals in the nave of the Assumption. All around it are 15th century benches, with superbly characterful and imaginative images on their ends. The best is the bench with St Margaret and St Catherine on it. This was recently on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum as part of the Gothic exhibition. Other bench end figures include a long haired, haloed woman seated on a throne, which may well be a representation of the Mother of God Enthroned, and another which may be the Coronation of the Queen of Heaven. There is also a praying woman in a butterfly headdress, once one of a pair, and a man wearing what appears to be a bowler hat, although I expect it is a helmet of some kind. His beard is magnificent. There are also a number of finely carved animals, both mythical and real.
High up in the chancel arch is an unusual survival, the crocketted rood beam that once supported the crucifix, flanked by the grieving Mary and John, with perhaps a tympanum behind depicting the last judgement. These are now all gone, of course, as is the rood loft that once stood in front of the beam and allowed access to it. But below, the dado of the screen survives, with twelve panels. Figures survive on the south side. They have not worn well. They are six female Saints: St Agnes, St Cecilia, St Agatha, St Faith, St Bridget and, uniquely in England, St Florence. Curiously, the head of this last has been, in recent years, surrounded by stars, in imitation of the later Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. Presumably this was done in a fit of Anglo-catholic enthusiasm about a century ago. The arrangement is similar to the south side of the screen at Westhall, and it may even be that the artist was the same. While there is no liturgical reason for having the female Saints on one side and, presumably, male Saints on the other, a similar arrangement exists on several Norfolk screens in the Dereham area.
Much of the character of the church today comes from it embracing, in the early years of the 20th century, Anglo-catholicism in full flood. It is true to say that, the later a parish took on the tradition, the more militant and intensely expressed it was, and the more evidence there is likely to be surviving. As at Great Ryburgh in Norfolk, patronage here ensured that this work was carried out to the very highest specification under the eye of the young Ninian Comper. Comper is an enthusiast's enthusiast, but I think he is at his best on a small scale in East Anglia like here and Ryburgh. His is the extraordinary war memorial window and reredos in the south aisle chapel, dedicated to St Leonard.
The window depicts Christ carrying his cross on the via dolorosa, but he is aided by a soldier in WWI uniform and, behind him, a sailor. The use of blues is very striking, as is the grain on the wood of the cross which, incidentally, can also be seen to the same effect on Comper's reredos at Ryburgh. The elegant, gilt reredos here profides a lovely foil to the tremendous window above it.
Comper's other major window here is on the north side of the nave. This is a depiction of the Annunciationextraordinary. from 1901, although it is the figures above which are most They are two of the Ancient Greek sibyls, Erythrea and Cumana, who are associated with the foretelling of Christ. At the top is a stunning Holy Trinity in the East Anglian style. There are angels at the bottom, and all in all this window shows Comper at the height of his powers.
Stepping into the chancel, there is older glass - or, at least, what at first sight appears to be. Certainly, there are some curious roundels which are probably continental 17th century work, ironically from about the same time that Dowsing was here. They were probably acquired by collectors in the 19th century, and installed here by Victorians. The image of a woman seated among goats is curious, as though she might represent the season of spring or be an allegory of fertility, but she is usually identified as St Agnes. It is a pity this roundel has been spoiled by dripping cement or plaster. Another roundel depicts St Sebastian shot with arrows, and a third St Anthony praying to a cross in the desert.
The two angels in the glass on the opposite side of the chancel are perhaps more interesting. They are English, probably early 16th Century, and represent two of the nine Orders of Angels, Dominions and Powers. They carry banners written in English declaring their relationship to eartly kings (Dominions) and priests and religious (Virtues). They would have been just two of a set of nine, but as with the glass opposite it seems likely that they did not come from this church originally.
However, the images in 'medieval' glass in the east window are entirely modern, though done so well you might not know. A clue, of course, is that the main figures, St Mary Salome with the infants St James and St John on the left, and St Anne with the infant Virgin on the right, are wholly un-East Anglian in style. In fact, they are 19th century copies by Clayton & Bell of images at All Souls College, Oxford, installed here in the 1970s. I think that the images of heads below may also be modern, but the angel below St Anne is 15th century, and obviously East Anglian, as is St Stephen to the north.
High above, the ancient roofs with their sacred monograms are the ones that Dowsing saw, the ones that the 15th century builders gilt and painted to be beautiful to the glory of God - and, of course, to the glory of their patrons. Rich patronage survived the Reformation, and at the west end of the south aisle is the massive memorial to Sir Henry Wood, who died in 1671, eleven years after the end of the Commonwealth. It is monumental, the wreathed ox heads a severely classical motif. Wood, Mortlock tells us, was Treasurer to the Household of Queen Henrietta Maria.
There is so much to see in this wonderful church that, even visiting time and time again, there is always something new to see, or something old to see in a new way. It is, above all, a beautiful space, and, still maintaining a reasonably High worship tradition, it is is still kept in High liturgical style. It is at once a beautiful art object and a hallowed space, an organic touchstone, precious and powerful.
Simon Knott, June 2006, updated July 2010 and January 2017
In 1891 work began on the construction of the Queen Hotel, overlooking The Lansdowne, at the junction of Bath Rd and Old Christchurch Rd.
A variety of shops traded at street level on the Old Christchurch Rd side.
It opened in 1894 and traded until the late 1940s and was converted into offices and renamed Jacey House in the early 1950s.
In the late 1990s it was again converted, this time into flats, with the retail units remaining on the Old Christchurch Rd side.
Today a branch of the 'Ask' Italian restaurant chain occupies the ground floor with the retail unit on the Old Christchurch Rd side having been a Slug and Lettuce pub amongst other things in recent years.
A [ VERY ] POTTED HISTORY OF BOURNEMOUTH...............
1810 - 1835
The founding of the town of Bournemouth is officially commemorated as the being 1810 the year that Captain Lewis Tregonwell and his wife Henrietta purchased a plot of land on the west bank of the Bourne stream upon which to build a large detached house that would serve as their new holiday home. The land was purchased from Sir George Tapps, Lord of the Manor of Christchurch, who became the largest landowner after what had been common land was effectively privatised in the Christchurch Inclosure Act 1802 and the subsequent Awards of 1805.
At that time the area was a remote one that lay mid way between Christchurch and Poole, themselves not the large towns they are today, on what was virtually uninhabited heathland. The house, known as the ''Mansion', was completed in 1812 with the Tregonwells purchasing further land to increase the size of their estate upon which they built a few cottages for staff members and several more to let, mainly to family, friends and associates.
Although the Tregonwells eventually rented out their Mansion, their estate, referred to as 'Bourne Tregonwell' remained all but unknown to the outside world and was somewhere they spent much of their time.
Their original holiday home still exists as part of the Royal Exeter Hotel that stands opposite the Bournemouth International Centre [ B.I.C ] on Exeter Rd.
Lewis Tregonwell died in 1832 a few short years before the next important stage in the development of Bournemouth.
1835 - 1870
In 1835 Sir George Tapps died and his son Sir George Gervis inherited his father's land, much of which lay to the east of the Bourne stream and set about creating a new development that he called his 'Marine Village', a seaside resort aimed at attracting paying guests. Early buildings included the Bath Hotel, later enlarged as the Royal Bath Hotel, the Westover Villas, a row of large detached houses or villas on generous plots that lined what is now Westover Rd, the Belle Vue Boarding House that fronted todays Pier Approach and some public baths that stood where, what was popularly known as the Imax building, was later built..
The new development wasn't a resort as we would understand it now, offering beach holidays, but more of a health resort with much being made of the area's mild micro climate and the health giving properties of the masses of pine trees that would also offer protection from the more extreme vagaries of the British weather.
Over the coming years more and more villas were built, spreading out from the banks of the Bourne stream which in turn attracted those that were needed to build the new properties and those that provided services to the well heeled residents of the fledgling town such as domestic staff, gardeners and food, grocery and household goods suppliers.
By 1856 there was a need to amalgamate the growing development and so Parliament passed the Bournemouth Improvement Act that set the town's first boundary as being within a 1 mile radius of what is today Pier Approach. it also provided for a team of Commissioners, essentially the town's first Council, charged with the power to raise funds via property rates to pay for things like highway improvements, drainage, sewers and street cleaning.
The town continued to grow within the 1 mile boundary and also led to development outside it including artisan / working class areas at Springbourne and Winton.
In 1870 the railway came to town but it was seen by many as a necessary evil and something to be kept as far away from the town centre as possible and so the station was located at the very edge of the 1 mile boundary on the opposite side of Holdenhurst Rd to the present Central Station. This arrival of the railway combined with cheaper rail fares and the creation by Parliament of the first Bank Holidays would lead to the next phase in the development of Bournemouth turning it from a sleepy seaside resort favoured by the wealthy upper classes many of whom were suffering poor health, into the large, bustling holiday destination that we know and love today. Bring it on!
1870 - PRESENT DAY
In 1871 the town's population was just under six thousand but by 1891 it had increased almost ten fold to just under sixty thousand. Most of the new citizens were new comers to the area drawn by the opportunities the fast expanding new town could offer.
In 1876 Springbourne and Boscombe became part of Bournemouth when the town boundaries were extended for the first time with a further six following including Westbourne in 1884, Pokesdown, Southbourne, Winton and Moordown in 1901, Malmesbury Park, Charminster and Strouden Park in 1914, Kinson and Holdenhurst in 1931.
The final area incorporated into the town was Hengistbury Head in 1932 which was purchased from H. Gordon Selfridge founder of the Selfridges department store chain and took the town to it's present size.
Today Bournemouth is home to more than 160,000 people and has grown at a phenomenal rate in the past two hundred years since the Tregonwells purchased that first eight and a half acres of land back in 1810.
The town is still a popular holiday destination and has had to work hard to compete against the rise of the foreign holiday and the unpredictability of the British weather by trying to attract visitors year round. Short weekend breaks, the conference trade, the annual airshow and a thriving night time economy all play their part in attracting day trippers and holiday makers, the life blood of the town's tourism industry.
Sadly Bournemouth is also a victim of it's own success and has almost reached bursting point with space for new homes very much at a premium. Many older, larger properties are being demolished to make way for more, smaller properties, many of them blocks of flats which are squeezed into every available space.
The last of the green belt clings desperately by it's finger tips to the north, rightly or wrongly the town planners and Councillors come under attack for their stewardship of the town and any resemblance to a slow paced seaside resort of old has long gone.
The pressures of modern life, traffic levels, the drinking culture and even the current economic climate all take their toll on the quality of life in the town but it's not all doom and gloom.
Bournemouth is still a great place with much to be proud of such as it's wonderful sandy beaches, cliffs, pleasure gardens, parks, some of it's buildings both old and new, oh, and it's history of course.
RECOMMENDED FURTHER READING.
'Bournemouth 1810 - 1910' by Mate and Riddle [ the full text is available as a pdf file on the internet if you have a hunt around for it.]
'The Story of Bournemouth' by David S Young. Published in 1957 it occasionally turns up on E Bay and Amazon around the £10 mark.
'A History of Bournemouth' by Elizabeth Edwards. ISBN 0 85033 412 8. Turns up on E Bay and Amazon fairly regularly for under a tenner.
'The Book of Bournemouth' by David and Rita Popham ISBN 0 86023 219 0
All titles also available at local libraries.
DitAT - Revisiting this as tomorrow is 5th November, or Bonfire Night if you're English, or a darn good excuse to get together with as many people as possible, stand outside in the freezing, damp darkness, eating curry and watching spectacular fireworks (and chances are you'll be rained on and all the children will be hyper from too many sweets).
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5th November is Guy Fawkes Night - celebrated with bonfires, sparklers and fireworks - to learn more about this uniquely English "celebration" read all about it here - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Night
Apologies for the lack of activity on my part - trying to catch up with myself and life in general as it's just got a bit crazy, busy all of a sudden. I hope to get back to posting and visiting all my awesome contacts very soon.
0328 Ex East Yorkshire. [ - (6695KH) Leyland Tiger Cub - Harrington. {1960}. Converted into a car transporter by Robertson's of Cardenden. Cardenden, Fife, 1 May 1977.
The Dhammakaya is the body of enlightenment of the Lord Buddha and “vijja” is the true knowledge; together, “vijja Dhammakaya” means the true and supreme knowledge illuminated by the Dhammakaya vision. This knowledge is the core principle of Buddhism that will lead to extinguishing of suffering and attainment of the state of supreme bliss known is Nibbana. for Ceremony, at Wat Phra Dhammakaya, Pathum Thani, read more at www.dhammakaya.net/blog/2013/09/18/96-Years-of-Dhammakaya...
White-Card Models
Before the actual set construction began, the Art Department created white card models. These models helped the director and production designer look at size and scale and determine camera angles. To plan shots and camera movement, filmmakers inserted a tiny lipstick camera into the model to get a perfect point of view.
People the world-over have been enchanted by the Harry Potter films for nearly a decade. The wonderful special effects and amazing creatures have made this iconic series beloved to both young and old - and now, for the first time, the doors are going to be opened for everyone at the studio where it first began. You'll have the chance to go behind-the-scenes and see many things the camera never showed. From breathtakingly detailed sets to stunning costumes, props and animatronics, Warner Bros. Studio Tour London provides a unique showcase of the extraordinary British artistry, technology and talent that went into making the most successful film series of all time. Secrets will be revealed.
Warner Bros. Studio Tour London provides an amazing new opportunity to explore the magic of the Harry Potter films - the most successful film series of all time. This unique walking tour takes you behind-the-scenes and showcases a huge array of beautiful sets, costumes and props. It also reveals some closely guarded secrets, including facts about the special effects and animatronics that made these films so hugely popular all over the world.
Here are just some of the things you can expect to see and do:
- Step inside and discover the actual Great Hall.
- Explore Dumbledore’s office and discover never-before-seen treasures.
- Step onto the famous cobbles of Diagon Alley, featuring the shop fronts of Ollivanders wand shop, Flourish and Blotts, the Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes, Gringotts Wizarding Bank and Eeylops Owl Emporium.
- See iconic props from the films, including Harry’s Nimbus 2000 and Hagrid’s motorcycle.
- Learn how creatures were brought to life with green screen effects, animatronics and life-sized models.
- Rediscover other memorable sets from the film series, including the Gryffindor common room, the boys’ dormitory, Hagrid’s hut, Potion’s classroom and Professor Umbridge’s office at the Ministry of Magic.
Located just 20 miles from the heart of London at Warner Bros. Studios Leavesden, the very place where it all began and where all eight of the Harry Potter films were brought to life. The Studio Tour is accessible to everyone and promises to be a truly memorable experience - whether you’re an avid Harry Potter fan, an all-round movie buff or you just want to try something that’s a little bit different.
The tour is estimated to take approximately three hours (I was in there for 5 hours!), however, as the tour is mostly self guided, you are free to explore the attraction at your own pace. During this time you will be able to see many of the best-loved sets and exhibits from the films. Unique and precious items from the films will also be on display, alongside some exciting hands-on interactive exhibits that will make you feel like you’re actually there.
The magic also continues in the Gift Shop, which is full of exciting souvenirs and official merchandise, designed to create an everlasting memory of your day at Warner Bros. Studio Tour London.
Hogwarts Castle Model - Get a 360 degree view of the incredible, hand sculpted 1:24 scale construction that features within the Studio Tour. The Hogwarts castle model is the jewel of the Art Department having been built for the first film, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. It took 86 artists and crew members to construct the first version which was then rebuilt and altered many times over for the next seven films. The work was so extensive that if one was to add all the man hours that have gone into building and reworking the model, it would come to over 74 years. The model was used for aerial photography, and was digitally scanned for CGI scenes.
The model, which sits at nearly 50 feet in diameter, has over 2,500 fibre optic lights that simulate lanterns and torches and even gave the illusion of students passing through hallways in the films. To show off the lighting to full effect a day-to-night cycle will take place every four minutes so you can experience its full beauty.
An amazing amount of detail went into the making of the model: all the doors are hinged, real plants are used for landscaping and miniature birds are housed in the Owlery. To make the model appear even more realistic, artists rebuilt miniature versions of the courtyards from Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral, where scenes from Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone were shot.
Last looking up of the day, the Willis Building opposite the Lloyds building. The reflection of the Lloyds building is partly visible on the Willis Building.
I like that the two building are almost facing off to each with the street lamp standing uncomfortably in the middle :)
PP done in PS CS6
It is a long, long time ago that we were last here. I did manage to take about a dozen shots that day.
You'll be glad to know I took more this time.
Sheppy is other-worldly. It is an island, but now there are two bridges onto it, the last being a dual carriageway, getting you to the delights of Sheerness and Queensborough doubly quickly.
Away from the western end, the island barely rises above the waters of the Thames and Swale that surround it, except at one place; Minster, where a monastery was built to look down on the fenland all around.
As we were nearby in Iwade, it was a ten minute drive to get to Minster, find our way up the hill and a vacant parking space. The museum in the gatehouse was open, but we pass by that to the church and mister beyond, with its wide and squat tower rising from the graveyard.
I pushed the door of the church, and it swung open, revealing a huge space; once two churches, but now full of details worthy of investigating.
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The large, almost square, medieval gatehouse to the west of the church tells the visitor that here is no ordinary parish church. For nearly a thousand years this was both Minster Abbey and Minster parish church. Today it is one building, but formerly the present south aisle formed the parish church, whilst the north aisle belonged to the nuns and was part of the monastic enclosure. The parish church side has a distinct nineteenth-century feel to it, the result of a much-needed restoration of 1879 by Ewan Christian to which Queen Victoria contributed. It contains some notable old monuments; especially interesting is that to Sir Robert de Shurland (d. 1310) which is an effigy of a knight under a wall recess. Between the nuns' aisle and the parish church is the Cheyne tomb, commemorating Sir Thomas Cheyne (d. 1559). This imposing marble and alabaster table tomb shows him wearing his Order of the Garter. The north aisle - or nuns' church - has altogether more atmosphere with substantial remains of the original church built by St Sexburga, widow of King Erconbert of Kent in AD 670. The arched heads of two Saxon windows survive in the southern wall, and the 'chancel' of the nuns' church has had its plaster removed to show the early rubble construction. It is separated from the rest of the church by a fine oak screen of about 1400. The whole church has a well-cared-for atmosphere and should be near the top of all visitors' lists.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Minster+in+Sheppey
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Minster Abbey or, to give it its full title, The Abbey Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Saint Sexburgha, occupies the highest hilltop position on the otherwise flat Isle of Sheppey in Kent and has been a place of worship for over 1,400 years.
Founded as a nunnery by the widowed Queen Sexburgha in 664AD it was endowed with land given by her son Ercombert, King of Kent. With no stone on the island the building material was hewn at Boughton Monchelsea and brought down the River Medway and the Swale. Examples of early Saxon stone and Roman tiles, (from an earlier Roman outpost of the garrison at Reculver which earlier occupied this hilltop,) can also be found in the walls of the St Sexburgha chapel. Three still functioning wells from the priory are located by the Gatehouse, under a shop in Minster High Street and in the garden of a house in the adjacent Falcon Gardens.
The priory was badly damaged, but not destroyed, by Danish Vikings in the ninth century and was further damaged in the 11th century.
Following the Norman invasion of 1066, King William the Conqueror partly rebuilt the church and priory and allowed nuns from Newington to take up residence. It remained impoverished, though, until Archbishop de Corbeuil rebuilt it between 1123 and 1139. He is credited with the unusual arrangement of two adjacent 'churches' with the northern church for the nuns and the southern for the parishioners. It is thought curtains were originally hung to cover the arches which separate the two churches. The stone for the Norman part of the church was imported from Caen from the same quarry that provided the stone for Canterbury Cathedral
During the Dissolution of the Monasteries by Henry VIII the two adjacent churches led directly to the saving of the Abbey church. Because the two churches shared a common wall and were linked by arches in the wall, the Abbey church was spared the destruction wrought on the rest of the Abbey
Following the Dissolution, the abbey came into the ownership of Sir Thomas Cheyne (or Cheney) and he was first buried in the now lost chapel of Saint Katherine on this site in 1559. Most of the Abbey was eventually demolished except for the church and the adjacent Abbey Gatehouse. The gatehouse survived because it was used as a private residence and now contains an interesting local history museum.
Repairs to the church were neglected in the mid 19th century, but Rev William Bramston restored the church in 1881 and the Abbey is now a Grade 1 listed building which provides protection but also limits the modernisation work which can be done (e.g. the installation of a disabled toilet)
Internally there is no chancel arch in the southern aisle while the northern aisle retains both chancel arch and a carved timber screen. At the eastern end of the southern aisle there is a niche which has traces of a medieval wall painting of St. Nicholas.
The north-east Sexburgha chapel (also known as the Nuns' chapel) is separated from North aisle by a 12th century oak screen
The church has an interesting array of monuments displaying English armour from the 14th to the 16th centuries. The earliest is Baron Robert de Shurland [died 1327] who reclines on an altar tomb on the southside. At his feet is the head of his horse, Grey Dolphin. According to local legend, Sir Robert killed a monk and resolved to ask the King for a pardon. In 1326 he rode to where the King's ship was anchored, off the Isle of Sheppey, and rode out through the water to gain forgiveness from the King. Returning, he met a witch who said that de Shurland's horse, Grey Dolphin, which had borne him so bravely to the ship, would be the death of him. Sir Robert immediately killed the horse and cut off its head. A year later Sir Robert was walking along the shore when a shard of the horse's bone pierced his foot. Blood poisoning set in and Sir Robert died, killed by his horse as predicted by the witch.
In the arches between the two churches is the final resting place of Sir Thomas Cheyne KG [1485-1558]. As Sherriff of Kent from 1516 and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports from 1536 until his death, (a position he held through the reigns of all five of the Tudor monarchs), he became one of the most powerful men in the South-East of England. For many years he served as Treasurer of the Household for Henry VIII and remarkably retained this post under Mary 1.
In the north-east corner of the northern aisle there is the effigy of a man dressed in high Gothic armour from the late 15th century. Some sources suggest it might be Sir Hugh de Badlesemere, a Yorkist soldier who fought in the War of the Roses. However others say that it might be George, 1st Duke of Clarence, as George was constable of nearby Queenborough Castle. Supposedly executed at the Tower of London by drowning in a Butt of Malmsley, there is evidence, though, that George was buried with his wife in Tewksbury. The effigy is of very high quality and clearly reflects wealth, but all the shields and heraldry have been hacked off, which might suggest Tudor vandalism of a supposed Yorkist tomb. This could support the 'Clarence' theory, but the effigy also rests with his feet on a curly haired ram and not a bull - the bull badge being traditionally associated with George, Duke of Clarence.
Another effigy of early 15th century date was dug up in the churchyard in 1833 and this lies against the north wall. Some sources suggest this is General Geronimo who appears in the Register as being buried in December 1591. He was captured in a Spanish galleon by Sir Edward Hoby in 1588 and held hostage in Queenborough Castle. The ransom was never paid and he died in captivity. He clasps a small egg shaped image in his hands which is said to represent his soul
Other rough hewn tombs recovered at this time are thought to be tombs of abbesses of the Abbey.
www.minsterabbey.org.uk/3.html
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MINSTER
IS the principal parish in the Island of Shepey. It lies on high ground near the middle of the north side of it.
The parish takes its name from the monastery founded very early within it, Minstre in the Saxon language signifying a monastery or religious house.
The manor of Newington claims over a small part of this parish, but the paramount manor over the whole of it is that of Milton.
THE PARISH of Minster is by far the largest of any in the island. The village is situated on high ground near the middle of it, with the church, and ruins of the monastery close on the northern side of it; of the latter there is little more than the gate-house remaining.
THE VILLE of Sheerness is situated at the western bounds, as well of this parish as of the whole island, a further account of which will be given hereafter. It was formerly accounted as part of this parish, but it has long since been made a ville of itself, and as to its civil jurisdiction, entirely separate from this parish.
The cliffs on the northern side of this island, are likewise the northern boundaries of this parish; Queenborough and Sheerness bound it towards the west, and the Swale and the island of Elmley southward.
In June 1756, a monstrous fish, thought to be a young whale, was driven on shore at this place. It measured thirty-six feet and upwards in length, twentytwo feet in circumserence, and eight feet from the eyes to the tip of the nose. It was supposed to yield twenty hogsheads of oil.
King Edward III. in his 17th year, granted a fair to be held here on Palm Monday, which is still continued for toys and such like merchandize.
SEXBURGA, one of the daughters of Annas, king of East Anglia, and widow of Ercombert, king of Kent, between the years 664 and 673, having obtained lands in this parish of her son king Egbert, founded A MONASTERY here, which she finished and got well endowed for seventy-seven nuns, whom she placed in it, king Egbert himself adding several lands to it, and she became herself the first abbess. Soon after which, about the year 675, she resigned her government of it to her daughter Ermenilda, who became the second abbess, and then retired, in the year 699, to the Isle of Ely, to the monastery there, over which her sister Etheldred presided. (fn. 1)
During the times of the Danish invasions, the religious of this monastery were subject to continual instances of cruelty and oppression, and at last their house was in a great measure destroyed by them, and the nuns dispersed. In which situation it seems nearly to have remained till the reign of the Conqueror, who, on the prioress of the nunnery of Newington near Sittingborne having been strangled in her bed, consiscated their possessions, and removed the few remaining nuns to this ruinated monastery, which continued but in a very mean condition till the year 1130, when it was reedified and replenished with Benedictine nuns, by archbishop Corboil, and dedicated to St. Mary and St. Sexburg.
In the 8th year of king Richard II. anno 1384, the temporalities of this monastery were valued at 66 l. 8s. and the spiritualities at 73l. 6s. 8d. Total 139l. 14s. 8d.
¶In the 27th year of king Henry VIII. an act having passed for the suppression of all religious houses, whose revenues did not amount to the clear yearly value of two hundred pounds, this monastery, whose revenues amounted to no more than 129l. 7s. 10½d. annual re venue, or 122l. 14s. 6d. clear yearly income, being then ten pounds less than they were near two hundred years before, was surrendered up to the king, at which time it was in so indigent a state, that there were but a prioress and ten nuns in it. To the former, Alicia Crane, the king granted a pension of fourteen pounds for her life, towards her proper support and maintenance.
MINSTER is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Canterbury, and deanry of Sittingborne.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Mary and St. Sexburg, (as was the monastery) is supposed by some to have been the very church of it, but by others, that it only adjoined to it; at present it consists of two isles and two chancels. The steeple is at the west end, being a large square tower, with a turret at the top, in which there is a clock, and a ring of five bells. It was formerly higher than it is at present, as appears by the remains. There was formerly a building adjoining to the east end of the north chancel, as appears by a doorcase and some ornaments on the outside of it. In the north chancel, on the south side, is the tomb of Sir Thomas Cheney, knight of the garter, &c. who was buried with great state, in a chapel which had been the conventual church, adjoining to the north east part of this parish; but his son Henry, lord Cheney, having in 1581, anno 24 Elizabeth, obtained a licence to remove the coffins and bones of his father and ancestors from thence, he having sold the materials of the chapel to Sir Humphry Gilbert, and placed them in this parish church, the coffin of his father was, among others removed, and deposited in this chancel. On the north side, under an arch in the wall, on a grey marble, lies the figure of a man, habited in armour. In the south, or high chancel, against the south wall, is an antient tomb, with the effigies of a man lying at length crosslegged, and in armour; on his right side is the figure of a horse's head, carved alike in alabaster, and fixed to the tomb, concerning which many idle reports are current. (fn. 10) On a stone in the middle of the chancel, are the figures in brass of a man and woman; his in armour, cross-legged, with large spurs, his sword by his side, and this coat of arms, Ermine, a pale, engrailed, (perhaps it might have been originally a cross, the rest of it having been rubbed out); on her mantle, Three bars, wavy; under his feet a lion, under her's a talbot; the inscription underneath is gone, except the word Hic at the beginning of it. At the upper end of the north isle is a small stone, seemingly very antient, with a cross bottony on it.
In the year 1489, there was a chapel, dedicated to St. John Baptist, Situated within the cemetery of Minster, in Shepey.
The church of Minster seems to have been part of the endowment of the monastery at the first foundation of it.
¶This church was not many years afterwards appropriated to it, (fn. 11) the cure of it being esteemed as a donative, in which state it continued at the time of the dissolution of the monastery, when it came, together with the rest of the possessions of it, into the king's hands, where it remained till the king granted the rectory of Minster, with its rights, members, and appurtenances, and the advowson of the church there, to Sir Thomas Cheney, knight of the garter, &c. to hold in capite by knight's service, whose son Henry, lord Cheney, of Tuddington, alienated this rectory, with the advowson, to Robert Levesey, esq. in whose descendants it continued sometime afterwards, till at length it was sold to Gore, and William Gore, esq. of Boxley, died possessed of the rectory impropriate, with the advowson, in 1768. He died s.p. and by his will devised it to his relation Robert Mitchell, esq. who dying likewise. s.p. in 1779, gave his estates to his three nephews, Robert, Christopher, and Thomas, sons of his brother Thomas, the eldest of whom, Robert Mitchell, esq. became afterwards the sole proprietor of them.
The parsonage at present consists of a house, barns, &c. and one hundred and eighty-eight acres of arable, meadow, and pasture belonging to it, together with all the great and small tithes of the parish, of all kinds whatsoever.
The ecclesiastical jurisdiction of this parish extends over the ville of Sheerness, the populousness of which adds greatly to the burials in it, insomuch that in some years of late, they have amounted to between two and three hundred.
The church of Queenborough was formerly esteemed as a chapel to this church, but it has long since been independent of it. The cure of it is still esteemed as a donative, the yearly stipend of the curate being 16l. 13s. 4d. In 1578 the communicants were three hundred and eight.
In 1640 the stipend of the curate was 16l. 13s. 4d. Communicants two hundred and sixty-five. It is not in charge in the king's books.
Roger, abbot of St. Augustine's, in 1188 let to Agnes, prioress, and the convent of St. Sexburg, certain tithes within this parish, to hold in perpetual ferme at fourteen shillings yearly rent, &c. These tithes were those of Westlande; being those of Sir Adam de Shurlande, and of Adam Rusin (fn. 12)
Mum’s Day-tripper Bag
The majority of what I am designing at the moment is baby related! I have a 5 month old girl and a 3 year old boy and have an endless list of items that I want to design to make things easier or prettier or both!
This bag is really 3 items in one. The main bag, a change mat that acts as a compact changing bag in its own right and a toy I have named the sleepy fish!
I used the layer cake by cutting the squares diagonally into equal strips and piecing these for the main bag. I then used the off-cuts of this with some yardage to make the outside of the changing mat. The remaining squares (the louder, busier ones) were used to make all the components of the sleepy fish toy.
The main bag has 2 elastic sections at the sides designed to hold bottles or anything you need to hold upright, like lotion. There is a large zipped pocket for all your ‘mum’ bits – phone, purse, lippy etc. I have included the eyelet on a flap just inside the bag. This was primarily to hold my sleepy fish toy but could also be used for keys. As with any item that comes in contact with children it needed to be sturdy! I put metal studs on the bottom to protect the fabric and a plastic bag base to help maintain the shape and stability. I have also inserted tubing into the handles for extra strength and interfacing has been used throughout.
The compact changing bag is padded and wipe clean. It has enough storage for a basic change kit. i.e. two or three nappies, wipes and disposal bags. I designed it to be carried within the main bag for a quick change. Once the mat is unfolded all the other bits you need are right there. No more rummaging in your bag to find them mid-change! It is also great when you child is a little older and you don’t need to carry so much ‘stuff’ around. It can just be hung on the back of the push chair and doesn’t take up too much space. As you may have noticed, my laptop wrap, submitted in the audition round was born from this design as the fold up function is so quick and compact.
Although you can’t see it, the sleepy fish toy has a ball rattle inside and all the scales and fins have a crinkly cellophane sewn in to make lots of noises. Perfect for entertaining your baby while you change her. There is a hanging loop with Velcro so it can be attached easily to the eyelet inside the bag or onto a pushchair etc
Happy day-tripping!
Israel Tikun Olam Medical Cannabis Media Tour with Cheryl Shuman & Aimee Shuman Founders of BeverlyHillsCannabisClub.com
I'm so proud to be working with women to educate mainstream media about the benefits of cannabis. The past few weeks have been amazing. Today we filmed in the medical marijuana gardens here with the staff and videographer and photographers.If you like what you see and hear, join my private social network, Beverly Hills Cannabis Club (www.BeverlyHillsCannabis Club.com)
Would you like to get your products, name or business out to the media and be a part of our world? Hire us!
I wanted to share my photo & video diaries with you. As you all know, I recently signed with William Morris Endeavor to develop a reality series evolving around my work in the movement and in building my companies etc. I love sharing these video diaries from behind the scenes of day to day business. I believe that the real life day to day business in the cannabis world is far more interesting than most reality series I see on TV currently :) If you would like to see the REAL people behind the scenes of this movement to be a part of the series instead of using actors, then please support us in our vision. Please share everywhere. Some supportive comments would be great also. Let's make sure we have a lot of positive support out there in the mainstream and take this viral :) Marijuana is safer than alcohol!!!! Spread the word! :) Please share, like, comment, G+, tweet etc :)
Thanks all!
Cheryl Shuman
Please support "Marijuana Moms" Women Who Prefer Cannabis Over Alcohol (It takes courage to be on the front lines of the drug war :) I hope that you'll check out my most recent media appearances :) :
About Cheryl Shuman:
Tom Cruise, Steven Tyler, Julia Roberts, Madonna, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Mike Myers, Elijah Wood, Lindsay Lohan, Fergie, Will.i.am and Michael Jackson are just a few of the names you'll find scrolling through the client files during the 25 year career of Cheryl Shuman. Known as the "Martha Stewart of Marijuana," Cheryl Shuman announces the formation of Green Asset International Inc.. Shuman brings decades of experience working with media, celebrities, marketing and health care in Beverly Hills. Shuman found her passion in the cannabis movement since 1996 working as an activist and legal cannabis patient. Since using cannabis therapy, she has survived cancer and injuries from two car crashes.
Shuman was the founder of Beverly Hills NORML producing the largest cannabis convention on earth known as KUSHCon. As the face of KUSH Magazine, Cheryl Shuman was a founding member of the NCIA, National Cannabis Industry Association. Shuman transformed her non-profit career into a thriving profitable media enterprise.
Her private medical cannabis collective, "The Beverly Hills Cannabis Club" is unlisted and membership is by referral only. Through her personal relationships and connections within Hollywood and the media, Cheryl Shuman has been named as one of the most influential women in the cannabis reform movement by international media. Her position within the cannabis industry creates the first and only company of its kind and at the forefront of entertainment marketing, celebrity endorsements, product placement integration, sponsorships, production and technology.
Cheryl Shuman Inc., is a business development company and acquisition vehicle, made news with an historic funding facility dedicated to the cannabis industry with plans to go public by 2014. Cheryl Shuman currently has a hot new reality TV series in development and is represented by the prestigious William Morris Endeavor Agency in Beverly Hills, California.
Cheryl Shuman
President & C.E.O.
Beverly Hills Cannabis Club - Join Free Using "Cheryl Shuman" invitation code on:
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Social Network Links:
LinkedIN: www.LinkedIn.com/in/CherylShuman
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Thanks everyone! Let's make history together!!!
Much love and Respect,
Cheryl Shuman
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China and India
english
Renuka or Yellamma (Marathi: श्री रेणुका/ येल्लुआई , Kannada: ಶ್ರೀ ಎಲ್ಲಮ್ಮ ರೇಣುಕಾ, Telugu: శ్రీ రేణుక/ యెల్లమ్మ) is worshiped as the Goddess (devi) of the fallen, in the Hindu pantheon. Yellamma is a patron goddess of rural folk of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Her devotees have revered her as the "Mother of the Universe" or Jagadamba. Legends say that Yellamma is the incarnation of Kali, who on one hand symbolizes the death of ego, and on the other hand is the mother who is compassionate about her children.
Yellamma is worshipped mostly in South India, including Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharastra, where the deity is known by many names: Mahankali, Jogamma, Somalamma, Gundamma, Pochamma, Mysamma, Jagadambika, Holiyamma, Renukamata, Yellu aai, and Renuka Devi.
In ancient ages, the Yellamma temples were cared for by women known as "devadasis" (which means the servants of gods), who dwelt in the temples and were educated as courtesans or artists. To this day, girls are being dedicated as devadasis to Yellamma, even though the practice is now illegal—the women lead a life as sex workers.
Origin story
The legends of Renuka are contained in the Mahabharata, the Harivamsa and in the Bhagavata Purana.
Early life
Renuka raja (father of Renuka) performed an yajna — a ritual performed to maintain peace and good health. He was blessed with a daughter, who originated from the fire of this yajna. Renuka was a bright and active child and became the most beloved child of her parents.
When she was eight, Agastya, who was the guru of the Renuka Raja, advised him to have his daughter married to Jamadagni when she reached maturity. Jamadagni was the son of Ruchik Muni and Satyavathi and had obtained the blessings of the gods by performing severe penance. Renuka and Jamdagni Muni lived in the Ramshrung mountains, near the present day Savadatti area of Belgaum district. Renuka helped the Jamdagni Muni in all of his tasks of performing various rituals and puja. Gradually she became close and dear to Jamdagni.
Renuka would wake up early in the morning to bathe in the Malaprabha River with complete concentration and devotion. Her devotion was so powerful that she was able to create a pot to hold water made only of sand, one fresh pot every day. She would fill this pot, on the bank of the river and would use a snake which was nearby, turning it into a rope-like convolution and placing it on her head, so that it supported the pot. Thus, she brought the water to Jamdagni for his rituals of oblation. ("Renuka" is derived from the Sanskrit for "fine grain of sand".) The Renuka temple is situated at near Zamania, Ghazipur
Later life
Renuka gave birth to five sons: Vasu, Viswa Vasu, Brihudyanu, Brutwakanwa and Rambhadra. Rambhadra was the youngest and most beloved, gaining the favour of Lord Shiva and Parvati and hence called Parashurama (the sixth incarnation of Vishnu).
One day when Renuka went to the river, she saw Gandharva spirits playing. These were young couples carelessly frolicking in the water with abandon. For a moment, she lost her concentration and devotion and fantasized about playing in the river with her husband. She wished she and her husband had such fun sometimes too, living so close to such a beautiful place. After some time, Renuka came to her senses and cursed herself for her indiscretion. She hurriedly bathed, as she had lost precious time, and tried to create the pot, but was unable to as she had lost her concentration. She even tried to catch the snake but it disappeared. Disappointed by this, she returned to the ashram in shame. Seeing Renuka returning empty-handed, Jamadagni became furious and angrily ordered her to go away.
After being cursed by her husband, Renuka went east and sat in the forest to meditate. In her penance, she met with the saints Eknath[citation needed] and Joginath; she prayed to them and asked to gain the mercy of her husband. They first consoled her, then instructed her to follow their advice exactly as told. They told her to purify herself, first bathing in a nearby lake, and then to worship a Shivalinga, which they had given to her. Next, she should go to the nearby town and beg for rice from the houses (this ritual, called "Joga Bedodu", is still carried out by women during a particular month in Karnataka). After collecting the rice, she was to give half to the saints and cook the remaining half, adding jaggery, partaking of the cooked rice with full devotion. They said that if she performed this ritual for three days, she would be able to visit her husband on the fourth day.
Knowing the anger of Jamadagni, they warned her that she may not be fully pardoned by him, and that she would have to experience the most difficult time of her life for a few minutes. "After that," they said, “you will be eternally revered and will be blessed with your husband. You will be worshiped by all the people henceforth." After blessing her this way, they disappeared. Renuka followed their instructions with devotion and worshipped the Shivalinga with full care and reverence. On the fourth day, she went to see her husband.
Punishment and resurrection
Jamadagni was still furiously angry with Renuka and ordered his sons to punish their mother. One by one, four of them refused flatly. Jamadagni, who possessed the power to burn anyone to ashes with his one look, was so angry that he went berserk and turned four of his sons into four piles of ashes. Parashurama, who was not there when this happened, found his mother weeping by the piles of ashes when he arrived and his father was still raging mad. Jamadagni told him what happened and ordered him to behead his mother for her infidelity. Parushurama had to think quickly. Knowing his father's powers and the extent of his anger, Parashurama immediately obeyed his father, using his axe.
His father then offered a boon to Parushurama, who asked for his mother and brothers to be brought back to life. To everybody's astonishment, Renuka's spirit multiplied and moved to different regions. Renuka was back as a whole too. This miracle inspired her sons and others to become her followers, and worship her.
Renuka vs. Yellamma
In many traditions, Renuka and Yellamma are taken to be two names for the same goddess. However there is also an oral tradition that distinguishes between the two. According to these tales, Renuka fled to a low-caste community when her son Parushurama was coming to kill her. He found and beheaded her, along with a low-caste woman who had tried to protect her. When he later brought them back to life, he mistakenly attached the woman's head to Renuka's body, and vice versa. Jamadagni accepted the former as his wife Renuka, while the latter remained to be worshipped by the lower castes as Yellamma, the mother of all. Matangi, Renuka, and Yellamma are all names of the Goddess of the lower castes.
Temples and related places
Every year, there is a gathering of as many as 200,000 of her devotees at the Yellamma Gudi temple (Yallamma Temple in Google Earth) in Saundatti. Another temple Renukambe [Yellamma] is atop a hill in Chandragutti, Soraba Taluk in Shimoga. This temple is an example of ancient architecture and dates back to the Kadamba period. Another temple is in Mahur, Maharashtra, the supposed birth place of the goddess, which finds mention in Devi Gita, the final chapter of Devi Bhagawatam as, "Matripura in the Sahyadri mountain; here the Devi Renuka dwells...".[4] Another temple becoming famous is Nalgonda,AndhraPradesh where Tuesday is main auspicious day.
Renuka Lake in the Renuka Sanctuary in Himachal Pradesh is named after the goddess. According to one legend, King Sahasrarjuna (Kartavirya Arjuna) wanted the Kamdhenu cow from Jamadagni and Renuka. So for this he killed Jamadagni, and Renuka became sati along with Jamadagni at Mahurgadh, Maharashtra. In Tamil Nadu, Renugambal Amman Temple is situated in Padavedu, Thiruvannamalai District and it is one of the most important Sakthi Sthalas.
In Sri Lanka
In ancient Sri Lanka, "Renuka" was the name of a minor goddess of wanton death and destruction, although at certain times was also a symbol of creativity and vibrancy.
To overcome fear of flying, it is important to avoid the use of stimulants and breathe calmly drinks.
During the flight, try to relax with music or reading.
Tips:
How to be a good employee?
Fashionable Looks for summer
How to Overcome Fear of Flying?
Air travel can cause much fear in some...
One of the main reasons for coming to Dudley was to see the ruins of the Priory in Priory Park.
There was a bit of a light sprinkle of snow in Dudley, so was a bit cold.
Priory Park is near The Broadway.
These are the ruins of Dudley Priory, or as it was once known St James's Priory. It dates to the 12th century, and was destroyed in the 1530s during the Reformation.
Dudley Priory is a dissolved priory in Dudley, West Midlands, England. The ruins of the priory are located within Priory Park, alongside the Priory Estate, and is both a Scheduled Ancient Monument and Grade I listed. The ruins received this status on September 14, 1949.
The priory was founded in 1160 by Gervase Paganel, Lord of Dudley, in memory of his father. It was established as a dependency of the Cluniac Priory of Much Wenlock and was dedicated to Saint James. The priory was built from local limestone, quarried from Wren's Nest. A bull was issued by Pope Lucius III and the possessions included the Church of St. Edmund, Church of St. Thomas and the churches of Sedgley and Northfield with the chapel of Cofton Hackett. In obedience to a papal mandate in 1238, the bishops of Worcester, Coventry and Lichfield came to an agreement as to the bounds of their respective dioceses whereby it was decreed that the town of Dudley, with its churches and appurtenances, should belong to Worcester, while the castle and priory should remain under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Coventry and Lichfield. The priory was dissolved in 1395, but refounded as a denizen priory soon after.
The priory was enlarged after being founded. A surviving piece of one of these enlargements is an archway to Lady Chapel area of the Priory, built in the 14th century, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It is believed that the Lady Chapel was constructed by the Sutton family.
The priory was closed by King Henry VIII in the 1530s as part of the nationwide Dissolution of the Monasteries. Following the dissolution, the priory was granted to Sir John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland in 1540. Following his execution, the buildings fell into disrepair and became ruinous. In the 18th century, part of the ruins of the church had been used by a tanner, a thread manufacturer, and for grinding glass and polishing steel. The surrounding area became industrialised. The nearby pools were drained and in 1825, Priory Hall was constructed.
In 1926, Dudley County Borough council purchased Dudley Priory and the surrounding rural land (approximately a third of which existed within Sedgley, prompting the borders to be altered) as part of plans to develop a new residential area. Dudley Priory was incorporated into the new Priory Park which served the new Priory Estate that was developed between 1929 and 1939 mostly with council housing to rehouse people from town centre slums.
In 1939, archaeologist Rayleigh Radford put stone lines in the grass to mark out the walls of rooms and cloisters in the priory. Rayleigh Radford also excavated medieval tiles which are now exposed at the surface.
Grade I listing
Founded 1160 as a dependency of the Cluniac Priory of Much Wenlock. Limestone
rubble. Some fragments of the conventual church remain with some exposed tiled
pavements. Foundations of claustral buildings. AM.
Priory Ruins, Dudley - Heritage Gateway
A path to the Priory Ruins.
Historic Documents Which Marked the Beginning of Our War with Germany.
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Sixty-fifth Congress of the United States of America;
At the First Session,
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Monday, the 2nd day of April, 1917.
JOINT RESOLUTION
Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial German Government and the Government and the people of the United States of America and making provision to prosecute the same.
========================================
Whereas the Imperial German Government has committed repeated acts of war against the Government and the people of the United States of America ; Therefore be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial German Government which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and that the President be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United State and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial German Government; and to bring the conflict to a successful termination all of the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States.
Champ Clark,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Thomas Riley Marshall,
Vice President of the United States and
President of the Senate.
Approved 6, April, 1917.
Woodrow Wilson.
================================================
Proclamation 1364—Declaring That a State of War Exists Between the United States and Germany
April 6, 1917.
By the President of the United States of America,
A Proclamation.
Whereas, the Congress of the United States in the exercise of the constitutional authority vested in them have resolved, by joint resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives bearing date this day "That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial German Government which has been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared";
Whereas, it is provided by Section 4067 of the Revised Statutes, as follows:
Whenever there is declared a war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States, by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of a hostile nation or government, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be within the United States, and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies. The President is authorized, in any such event, by his proclamation thereof, or other public act, to direct the conduct to be observed, on the part of the United States, toward the aliens who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject, and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who, not being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect to depart therefrom; and to establish any such regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety;
Whereas, by Sections 4068, 4069, and 4070 of the Revised Statutes, further provision is made relative to alien enemies;
Now, Therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim to all whom it may concern that a state of war exists between the United States and the Imperial German Government; and I do specially direct all officers, civil or military, of the United States that they exercise vigilance and zeal in the discharge of the duties incident to such a state of war; and I do, moreover, earnestly appeal to all American citizens that they, in loyal devotion to their country, dedicated from its foundation to the principles of liberty and justice, uphold the laws of the land, and give undivided and willing support to those measures which may be adopted by the constitutional authorities in prosecuting the war to a successful issue and in obtaining a secure and just peace;
And, acting under and by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution of the United States and the said sections of the Revised Statutes, I do hereby further proclaim and direct that the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States toward all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of Germany, being males of the age of fourteen years and upwards, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, who for the purpose of this proclamation and under such sections of the Revised Statutes are termed alien enemies, shall be as follows:
All alien enemies are enjoined to preserve the peace towards the United States and to refrain from crime against the public safety, and from violating the laws of the United States and of the States and Territories thereof, and to refrain from actual hostility or giving information, aid or comfort to the enemies of the United States, and to comply strictly with the regulations which are hereby or which may be from time to time promulgated by the President; and so long as they shall conduct themselves in accordance with law, they shall be undisturbed in the peaceful pursuit of their lives and occupations and be accorded the consideration due to all peaceful and law-abiding persons, except so far as restrictions may be necessary for their own protection and for the safety of the United States; and towards such alien enemies as conduct themselves in accordance with law, all citizens of the United States are enjoined to preserve the peace and to treat them with all such friendliness as may be compatible with loyalty and allegiance to the United States.
And all alien enemies who fail to conduct themselves as so enjoined, in addition to all other penalties prescribed by law, shall be liable to restraint, or to give security, or to remove and depart from the United States in the manner prescribed by Sections 4069 and 4070 of the Revised Statutes, and as prescribed in the regulations duly promulgated by the President;
And pursuant to the authority vested in me, I hereby declare and establish the following regulations, which I find necessary in the premises and for the public safety:
First. An alien enemy shall not have in his possession, at any time or place, any fire-arm, weapon or implement of war, or component part thereof, ammunition, maxim or other silencer, bomb or explosive or material used in the manufacture of explosives;
Second. An alien enemy shall not have in his possession at any time or place, or use or operate any aircraft or wireless apparatus, or any form of signalling device, or any form of cipher code, or any paper, document or book written or printed in cipher or in which there may be invisible writing;
Third. All property found in the possession of an alien enemy in violation of the foregoing regulations shall be subject to seizure by the United States;
Fourth. An alien enemy shall not approach or be found within one-half of a mile of any Federal or State fort, camp, arsenal, aircraft station, Government or naval vessel, navy yard, factory, or workshop for the manufacture of munitions of war or of any products for the use of the army or navy;
Fifth. An alien enemy shall not write, print, or publish any attack or threats against the Government or Congress of the United States, or either branch thereof, or against the measures or policy of the United States, or against the person or property of any person in the military, naval or civil service of the United States, or of the States or Territories, or of the District of Columbia, or of the municipal governments therein;
Sixth. An alien enemy shall not commit or abet any hostile acts against the United States, or give information, aid, or comfort to its enemies;
Seventh. An alien enemy shall not reside in or continue to reside in, to remain in, or enter any locality which the President may from time to time designate by Executive Order as a prohibited area in which residence by an alien enemy shall be found by him to constitute a danger to the public peace and safety of the United States, except by permit from the President and except under such limitations or restrictions as the President may prescribe;
Eighth. An alien enemy whom the President shall have reasonable cause to believe to be aiding or about to aid the enemy, or to be at large to the danger of the public peace or safety of the United States, or to have violated or to be about to violate any of these regulations, shall remove to any location designated by the President by Executive Order, and shall not remove therefrom without a permit, or shall depart from the United States if so required by the President;
Ninth. No alien enemy shall depart from the United States until he shall have received such permit as the President shall prescribe, or except under order of a court, judge, or justice, under Sections 4069 and 4070 of the Revised Statutes;
Tenth. No alien enemy shall land in or enter the United States, except under such restrictions and at such places as the President may prescribe;
Eleventh. If necessary to prevent violation of the regulations, all alien enemies will be obliged to register;
Twelfth. An alien enemy whom there may be reasonable cause to believe to be aiding or about to aid the enemy, or who may be at large to the danger of the public peace or safety, or who violates or attempts to violate, or of whom there is reasonable ground to believe that he is about to violate, any regulation duly promulgated by the President, or any criminal law of the United States, or of the States or Territories thereof, will be subject to summary arrest by the United States Marshal, or his deputy, or such other officer as the President shall designate, and to confinement in such penitentiary, prison, jail, military camp, or other place of detention as may be directed by the President.
This proclamation and the regulations herein contained shall extend and apply to all land and water, continental or insular, in any way within the jurisdiction of the United States.
In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington this 6th day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and seventeen and of the independence of the United States of America the one hundred and forty-first.
WOODROW WILSON
================================================
DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST GERMANY BY THE AMERICAN CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION.
=====================================================
The war of the nations: portfolio in rotogravure etchings: compiled from the Mid-week pictorial. New York: New York Times, Co, 1919. Book.
Retrieved from the Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/19013740/. (Accessed November 08, 2016.)
Images from "The War of the Nations : Portfolio in Rotogravure Etchings : Compiled from the Mid-Week Pictorial" (New York : New York Times, Co., 1919)
Notes: Selected from "The War of the Nations: Portfolio in Rotogravure Etchings," published by the New York Times shortly after the 1919 armistice. This portfolio compiled selected images from their "Mid-Week Pictorial" newspaper supplements of 1914-19. 528 p. : chiefly ill. ; 42 cm.; hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/collgdc.gc000037
Subjects: World War, 1914-1918 --Pictorial works.
New York--New York
Format: Rotogravures --1910-1920.
Rights Info: No known restrictions on reproduction
Repository: Library of Congress, Serials and Government Publications Division, Washington, D.C. 20540
Part Of: Newspaper Pictorials: World War I Rotogravures, 1914-1919 (DLC) sgpwar 19191231
General information about the Newspaper Pictorials: World War I Rotogravures, 1914-1919 digital collection is available at hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/collgdc.gc000037
=====================================================
Title: Photograph of President William Jefferson Clinton Greeting a Large Crowd in Hanoi, Vietnam, 11/18/2000
Creator: President (1993-2001 : Clinton). White House Photograph Office. (01/20/1993 - 01/20/2001) (Most Recent)
Types of Archival Materials: Photographs and other Graphic Materials
Contacts: William J. Clinton Library (NLWJC), 1200 President Clinton Avenue, Little Rock, AR 72201. Phone: 501-244-2877; Fax: 501-244-2881; Email: clinton.library@nara.gov
Production Dates: 11/18/2000
From: Series: Photographs Relating to the Clinton Administration, compiled 01/20/1993 - 01/20/2001
Collection WJC-WHPO: Photographs of the White House Photograph Office (Clinton Administration), 01/20/1993 - 01/20/2001
Persistent URL: research.archives.gov/description/5722463
Access Restriction(s): Unrestricted
Use Restriction(s): Unrestricted
ELYSIAN PARK - Within the Los Angeles Fire Department's training center, graduates of the Firefighter/EMS Magnet (FEMS) program were honored by civic leaders and LAFD leadership at a May 21, 2022 ceremony as their families cheered their accomplishment. FEMS provides a highly structured and progressive pathway for achieving academic, physical and life skills beneficial to a fire service career, including teamwork, leadership, courage and commitment. LAFD proudly presents the 2022 High School Firefighter/EMS Magnet Program graduates.
LAFD Event: 052122 - 2022 High School Firefighter/EMS Magnet Program Graduation
Photo Use Permitted via Creative Commons - Credit: LAFD Photo | Gary Apodaca
Connect with us: LAFD.ORG | News | Facebook | Instagram | Reddit | Twitter: @LAFD @LAFDtalk
stadiumsandshrines.com/?p=10132
Soundtrack: Meadowlands
Words: Dave Sutton
On any square of the calendar, Angel Falls, the world’s highest uninterrupted waterfall, drew the eyes of hundreds. Deservingly so. But today it moved differently, vibrating like the strings of a harp—clouded, as if rethinking the pace of its own flow. One could say it had been interrupted.
Down below, the people reacted to the rumblings in far less harmony; a siren sounded, cueing most to flee. Still, from the bridge a small crowd looked on as darkness overtook the crest of the tallest mountain. Above it emerged the cause of this eclipse, something no person at that distance could quite define.
In a slow, mesmerizing descent, the structure carved across the countryside, denting sheets of land with ease. And with under a mile to go, and among the last inches of daylight, the silhouette finally took shape. A mast grew, and out from each opening of this incomprehensible vessel, arms dangled elongated and sinewy, their glow bouncing off Angel Falls and into the dusk.
LONDON, ENGLAND - MAY 19: Gen.G Esports arrives at the League of Legends - Mid-Season Invitational Bracket Stage on May 19 2023 in London, England. (Photo by Colin Young-Wolff/Riot Games)
― Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac: With Other Essays on Conservation from Round River
(my favoirte book of all time)
Holga 120N toy camera + Kodak Professional Ektar 100 medium format film
A photograph made during September work week explorations with colleagues in the Big Reed Forest Reserve ... ...early morning paddles, hikes with lots of talk about the past and possible future of this old growth, considering forest succession, tree measures, spending time identifying plants, mushrooms, and critters, discussing the fate of arctic charr endemic to the pond, appreciating the diversity in this beacon of wilderness. ...but also jokes, Jack Daniels, guitars, and of course, my Holga toy camera.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA - NOVEMBER 05: A cosplayer poses at the League of Legends World Championship Fan Fest on November 5, 2022 in San Francisco, CA. (Photo by Colin Young-Wolff/Riot Games)
From 15-19 November 2014 in Belgrade, Serbia IDEA SEE organized Mapping and Training of Debate, Rhetoric and Public Speaking Trainers.
Tuesday August 5th 2008
Get on at Balerno, 5.44pm.
Next to a field of ripe corn or wheat, and over the roofs of quiet bungalows. The heating is on and warm air wafts from a vent in front. A faded sign in the window of what appears to be just a house reading WE ARE OPEN ON SUNDAYS, and underneath it a string of small bells. Valley down to the Water of Leith, almost the beginning. A willow hanging right over the road. The city opens up on lower ground. And then near Slateford, a lattice of overhead railway cables, and a teenage girl pushing a buggy wearing mismatched fluorescent leg-warmers, one pink and one yellow. A man and woman carrying a bouquet through a graveyard. Over the railway itself, two trains leaving simultaneously. Fast by stops with nobody waiting and onto Princes Street. A guy charity collecting and standing with his legs too wide apart. A man with a scarred face and a large rottweiler but friendly looking. Brake lights. A church on York Place, pause beside stained-glass windows, and from the outside see only the outlines, of a figure kneeling. Spanish girls sitting behind, humming tunelessly. Another girl across the aisle is saying into her phone "I've been nothing but mean and cruel and violent and evil". Past the concrete balustrades of Meadowbank, and a small corner garden in full bloom. The warmth increases. At a crossroads in a different garden a dirty white teddybear and a Fisherprice car pressed up against the fence. Crows pick over the white lines of a football pitch that has a single upright remaining of the goalposts. And then the powerstation chimneys over the water, their smoke merging with the clouds. Turn left from Musselburgh, in the direction of a hospital sign, and the streetlights are on, and fields again this time harvested. A young girl running across a patch of burnt grass. Speed up and up with nothing either side before returning to houses and into Tranent with bleached hair teenagers outside a chip shop. Council houses converging on a narrow road. Back to emptiness and unused fields with the sun trying to break through from the direction we came. A sudden flock of birds coming back on themselves in tight circles. Oak trees forming a canopy, a cottage with a blue front door and then a large grain silo standing dark.
The sky still light.