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My second guitar.. which I bought used (I'm still somewhat upset that my parents wouldn't spring for a real guitar)... met with an untimely demise.. note that the strings are still on it as a result of the locking whammy bar system....
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Guitar was developed across Europe from the 12th century onwards. Modern Guitars usually have six strings. Their vibration is transmitted to the body of the Guitar via a sound board. Air inside the body vibrates and increases the sound.
The Baroque Guitar was played between 1600 and 1750. It usually has 5 courses and 9 or 10 strings, with frets fastened around the neck like a lute. It had a much narrower body and longer scale length than the modern classical guitar.
This instrument was made around 1650 by Pietro Railich, a German luthier who worked in Venice, Italy (at first as an apprentice to Matteo Sellas). It has 10 strings in 5 courses.
Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
8th February 2017 at the Garage, London N5.
Electric Guitars were introduced in the United States in the 1930s. The vibrations of strings are converted into an electric signal, and directed through an amplifier to a loudspeaker.
The guitar in the photo is a Paul Reed Smith (PRS) Swamp Ash Special. This guitar, made in Stevensville, MD, was introduced in 1996.
Electric Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
321.322-5 = Instruments where the strings are vibrated by bare hands and fingers.
15th March 2019 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1 (Amaraterra gig).
The Galician Gaita has a conical chanter and a bass drone, plus one or two additional drones playing the tonic and dominant notes.
Gaitas are assigned the number 422.112-62 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or 7s. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.111 = With cylindrical bore.
422.111.2 = With fingerholes.
422.112-62 = With Flexible Air Reservoir.
using a nifty stitching tool to hot-melt-glue a thin glass thread across the seam between two adjoining pieces of veneer
15th October 2020 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Eunuch Flute consists of a wooden tube widening out slightly to form a bell. The upper end of the tube is closed by means of a very fine membrane, often an onion skin stretched across the aperture. There is a mouthpiece im thr form of a hole near the membrane. Singing into the mouthpiece sets up vibrations in the membrane producing the sound. It has been popular in many countries including France during the 16th and 17th centuries.
This instrument was made in India in the late 19th or early 20th century.The bell-like end is open, while the other end is closed by an onion-skin membrane protected by a removable cap.
Eunuch Flutes are assigned the number 242 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
2 = Membranophones. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
24 = Instruments which do not produce sound of their own, but modify other sounds by way of a vibrating membrane.
242 = Tube or vessel-kazoos. Instruments in which the membrane is placed in a box, tube or other container.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Guitar was developed across Europe from the 12th century onwards. Modern Guitars usually have six strings. Their vibration is transmitted to the body of the Guitar via a sound board. Air inside the body vibrates and increases the sound.
The Romantic Guitar first appeared towards the end of the 18th century in Naples, Italy. It had six or more single courses of strings compared to the Baroque guitar which usually had five double courses (9 or 10 strings). They led on in the second half of the 19th century to Antonio de Torres Jurado in Analucia, Spain popularing a Guitar which larger and thinner. With lighter soundboards that were arched in both directions, made possible by a system of fan-bracing for strength. These Spanish guitars are the precursor of the modern Classical Guitar.
The instrument in the middle of the photo was made around 1840 by Louis Panormo in London. It has 6 strings and fan-strutting.
Guitars are assigned the number 321.322-5 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.322 = Necked Box Lutes. Instruments in which the resonator is built up from wood.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Harpsichord was a popular instrument in Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries. Pressing a key on the instrument's keyboard lifts a jack (a long strip of wood) that holds a small plectrum (a wedge-shaped piece of quill, now usually plastic), which plucks the string. When the player releases the key, the jack falls back and a felt damper at the top of the jack stops the string vibratiing. The term harpsichord is used to cover a family of instrument, but more specifically a grand-piano-shaped instrument with a triangular case accommodating long bass and short treble strings. Harpsichords can have one, two, and sometimes even three keyboards, which are called manuals. Single manual harpsichords usually have two sets of strings per note, whilst double manual harpsichords usually have a third set of strings that sounds one octave higher than played. The upper manual was originally used for transposing; and later for contrast of tone with the ability to couple the registers of both manuals for a fuller sound.
This instrument was made in 1645 by Ioannes Couchet in Antwerp, Belgium. It is a single-manual Harpsichord. Flemish Harpsichords were more solidly constructed than the Italian ones, with longer scaling, greater string tension, a more responsive soundboard, and a more sustained tone.
Harpsichords are assigned the number 314.122-6-8 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-6-8 = Strings are caused to vibrate by plectrum and keyboard.
18th (or rather early hours of the 19th) January 2019 at Drygate Brewery, Glasgow.
The Kannel is the Estonian name for the instrument known in Finland as the Kantele.
Traditionally it had a body made of one piece of wood and between 5 and 15 strings. This instrument has 12 strings.
Kannels are assigned the number 314.122-5 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-4 = Strings are caused to vibrate by hammers or beaters.
314.122-5 = Strings are caused to vibrate by bare hands.
23rd April 2018 at the British Museum (room 33), London WC1.
The Qing is a Chinese bronze bowl which is a form of standing or resting bell (there is also a lithophone with the same name). These are inverted bells, with the rim uppermost, The Qing is played by being periodically struck with a mallet (unlike other resting bells which are singing bowls i.e. the mallet is rotated round the outside of the rim to produce a sustained note). It features in Buddhist temples with the Muyu.
Qings Ithe bowl version) are assigned the number 111.242.11 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
1 = Idiophones. Sound is primarily produced by the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air.
11 = Struck Idiophones. These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck.
111 = Directly Struck Idiophones. The player himself executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc.
111.2 = Percussive idiophones. The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
111.24 = Percussion vessels.
111.242.1 = Individual bells.
111.242.11 = Resting bells. Bells whose opening faces upward.
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Virginal or Virginals (the plural does not necessarily denote more than one instrument) is part of Harpsichord family. This is the name for the instrument in England. In Italy and France it is called a Spinet (or Epinette). In England from the end of 17th century the term Spinet came to be used only for instruments with the strings are at a 90 degree angle to the keyboard. The Virginal was popular in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries, and was pentagonal or heptagonal, as well as rectangular shaped. It has the same mechanism as a Harpsichord (wire strings are plucked by plectra mounted in jacks), but only one string per note running more or less parallel to the keyboard on the long side of the case. Many, if not most, of the instruments were constructed without legs, and would be placed on a table for playing.
This instrument was made around 1570 by Lodewyk Theewes in London. It is rectangular in shape.
Virginals/Italian Spinets are assigned the number 314.122-6-8 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
31 = Simple Chordophones. Instruments which are in essence simply a string or strings and a string bearer
314 = Board Zither. Instrument uses a string bearer that is shaped like a board, or is the ground.
314.1 = Instrument with strings parallel to the string bearer.
314.12 = Instrument has a resonator.
314.122 = Box Zither. Instrument has a resonator made from slats.
314.122-6-8 = Strings are caused to vibrate by plectrum and keyboard.
FAIRBURN, GA - April 14: The Georgia Renaissance Festival
Spice Traders Music - Justin Williams and his wife, Meghan.
©Danielle Boise/Target Audience Magazine
the hot-melt-glued zig-zag glass thread holding two pieces of veneer together - this will get buried in the laminations of the plywood
30th January 2018 at the Edinburgh University Collection of Historic Musical Instruments, St Cecilia’s Hall, Edinburgh.
The Tarota is a Catalan double reed instrument which is featured in Cobla orchestras. It is about 60 cm long and usually has six fingerholes on the front and one on the back When keys were added the Tarota developed into the Tible.
This instrument was made around 1850. There are eight fingerholes and five vent-holes. It is in the middle of the photo (with a Tible to its right).
Tarotes (plural of Tarota) are assigned the number 422.112.2 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-Free Aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
422 = Reed Instruments. The player's breath is directed against a lamella or pair of lamellae which periodically interrupt the airflow and cause the air to be set in motion.
422.1 = Double reed instruments or Oboes. There are two lamellae which beat against one another.
422.11 = Single Oboes [as opposed to sets of Oboes].
422.112 = With conical bore.
422.112.2 = With fingerholes.
21st July 2016 at Horniman Museum, London SE23.
The Mandolin evolved from the Lute via the Mandore in 17th and 18th century Italy. It became popular in the United States in the mid 19th century, where folowing an instrument produced in 1905 by Orville H. Gibson it adopted a flat back rather than the bowl shaped one. The bodies of modern Mandolins can be either pear shaped or tear drop shaped (i.e. with a scroll carved into the headstock). They also vary in the shape and position of the sound holes which impacts on the sound of the instrument.
In 17th century Italy Mandolins adopted different styles based on diferent regions of the country e.g. Milanese, Lombardic, Roman, Cremonese, Brescian, Genoese, Neapolitan before the last became the dominant style.
The Genovese Mandolins were hybrids between the Mandore and the Neapolitan Mandolin. They had six pairs of gut strings rather than metal ones, and were shorter and with a with a shallow back than the Napolitan mandolin.
This instrument was made in the second quarter of the 18th Century by Cristiano Nonemacher in Genoa, Italy. It has Six double courses of wire strings.
Mandolins are assigned the number 321.321 in the Hornbostel Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonators surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck.
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
19th November 2017 at Barbican (Foyer), London EC2.
The Chromatic Harp provides an easier and more accurate ways of altering the pitch of strings without retuning or the use of pedals or levers. Harps are naturally diatonic instruments and produce a natural scale when played in succession. Chromatic Harps aim to have a string for every possible pitch. The issue then is how to arrange the strings, so they can be reached with equal ease.
One solution is the inline chromatic harp is a harp where the strings for all 12 chromatic notes of the octave are placed in one row. Another is their being placed in two or three (parallel or crossing) courses. Single course inline chromatic harps have been produced since patented by Karel Weigel of Hanover in 1902.
In 2008 Philippe Volant of Dolo in Brittany made a custom-built chromatic pedal-less harp with a single row of strings for Laura Perrudin. Then in 2014 she asked Volant to make an electric version of this harp.
Chromatic Harps are assigned the number 322.212.1 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
322 = Instruments where the plane of the strings lies perpendicular to the resonator's surface.
322.2 = Frame Harp. The harp has a pillar.
322.21 = Without tuning mechanism.
322.212 = Chromatic frame harps.
322.212.1 = With all strings in one plane. Inline chromatic harp.
22nd March 2014 at the Royal Festival Hall (J.P. Morgan Pavilion), London SE1 (Event at “Pull Out All the Stops” Festival).
The Natural Trumpet has no slides, keys, or valves to help the player change the pitch. It differrs from earlier trumpets which had short straight tubes by being longer and coiled (approaching 2 metres). Popular from the 16th to 18th centuries, it was originally used in Armies to give commands and then progressed via ceremonial music into orchestral works of the Baroque and Classical eras.
Natural Trumpets are assigned the number 423.121.22 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
4 = Aerophones. Sound is primarily produced by vibrating air. The instrument itself does not vibrate, and there are no vibrating strings or membranes.
42 = Non-free aerophones. The vibrating air is contained within the instrument.
423 = Trumpets. The player's vibrating lips set the air in motion.
423.1 = There are no means of changing the pitch apart from the player's lips.
423.12 = Tubular trumpets.
423.121 = End-blown trumpets. The mouth-hole faces the axis of the trumpet.
423.121.2 = End-blown horns. The tube is curved or folded.
423.121.22 = With mouthpiece.
The flash accidentally went off when I was taking this - but I kind of like the odd spotlighting of the keys, so I'm posting it.
The wall of Ibanez guitars and Vox amplificaiton at Smith-Holden Music Co. I really like vox amps. I should of played the stack on the bottom left of the picture. Vox offers a solid state tone, and a tube tone. Vox's are also very versatile, played by country musicians or bands like the Foo Fighters.
You can see some of the darker gaps in the join here — it's not the greatest fit ever but it's solid, so there won't be a problem. The gaps will be filled.
10th October 2016 at SOAS (Brunei Gallery), London WC1 (Abbos Kosimov gig).
The Uzbek Rubab (or Kashgar Rubab after a city in Xinjiang) differs from the Afghan instrument in having only five strings in three courses and no resonance strings, and being built it from separate pieces of wood.
Rubabs are assigned the number 321.321-6 in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of musical instruments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornbostel-Sachs ), indicating:
3 = Chordophone. Instruments where the sound is primarily produced by the vibration of a string or strings that are stretched between fixed points.
32 = Composite Chordophone. Acoustic and electro-acoustic instruments which have a resonator as an integral part of the instrument, and solid-body electric chordophones.
321 = Lutes. Instruments where the plane of the strings runs parallel with the resonator’s surface.
321.3 = Handle Lutes. Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle.
321.32 = Necked Lutes. Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck
321.321 = Necked Bowl Lutes. Instrument with a resonator made from a bowl, either natural or carved.
321.321-6 = Strings vibrated by a plectrum.