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An annual multilingual event that celebrates Oberlin students' in literary translation. Lawrence Venuti, professor emeritus of English at Temple University served as keynote speaker for this event. Venuti is a translation theorist and historian as well as a translator from Italian, French, and Catalan.
Photo by Carissa Heart '20
In the Russian-Ukrainian war from February to the present, the stage of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The invasion was the largest war in Europe since World War II.
World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison global network version)
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War - World War III, Nuclear War, Space War (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 revised version, multilingual comparison of the global network version) once the edition came out, immediately got the praise of readers and netizens around the world. In order to meet the needs of hundreds of millions of people, the author has revised and republished it for the benefit of readers and netizens.
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Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue de la version du réseau mondial) une fois l’édition sortie, a immédiatement reçu les éloges des lecteurs et des internautes du monde entier. Afin de répondre aux besoins de centaines de millions de personnes, l’auteur l’a révisé et republié au profit des lecteurs et des internautes.
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War
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21-22
In the 20th century, science and technology have been highly developed, social productivity has advanced by leaps and bounds, and the modern civilization and free rational cognitive perception of human society have gradually developed and changed. Human society has opened up a new planetary civilization, which is an inevitable trend of history. Of course, today's human society also It presents various crises and challenges, clashes of civilizations, geopolitics, territorial disputes, spheres of influence, fetishism, political and economic systems, economic models, etc. as well as climate change, resource environment, population growth, wealth gap, plague Viruses, natural disasters, religious beliefs, racial discrimination, vicious competition, even armed war or nuclear war, etc. Countries such as the United States, China, Russia, Europe, India and Pakistan are among them. Without contradiction and competition, there would be no world, and similarly, without peace and compromise There will be no world if you share wealth with each other. Take one step or two steps back, and the sky will be vast. Nuclear weapons are very powerful and worth mentioning. However, the competition between countries and ethnic groups, in the final analysis, mainly lies in economic and political civilization, and of course also includes land, population, resources, etc. Culture, technology, military, influence, sphere of influence, etc. War is just an important unconventional form, just like animal fighting and killing. However, whether animal groups fight inside or outside, there is also considerable compromise and sharing. Otherwise, Animal species groups will also completely disappear or perish. The same is true for the evolutionary history of human society. There is no doubt about it. Whether you are a politician, a military strategist, or a philosopher, a thinker or a sociologist, Anthropologists, no exception.
After World War II, the world formed a Cold War situation: the two major military organizations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact Organization (Warsaw Pact), began to expand their arms and prepare for war. The United States and the Soviet Union launched an arms race and had nuclear weapons reserves. Vulnerable states will rely on the military protection of great powers as a way to maintain their own security.
The phrase World War III began to appear in communiqués between leaders of various countries. With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided a great space for the imagination of the third world war: some people think that the third world war will be a scale that spreads all over the world. The world's nuclear war, this war will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. The Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered the closest crisis in human history to World War III: a confrontation between two powers with unprecedented nuclear power that lasted for decades in the Caribbean Sea. Although the incident was resolved smoothly, full-scale nuclear war has since become a nickname for World War III.
With the development of the world, more and more people believe that the third world war will become a historical term that will never appear, or a war that will not happen in a visible period of time, all because of the balance of power between the United States and the Soviet Union. And implement a policy of mutually assured destruction so that war does not break out.
The Third World War is an imaginary large-scale war in the next world. During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, if a war broke out between the two sides, its seriousness could be called the Third World War, but fortunately, both sides tried their best to War was avoided, and neither side broke out until the end of the Cold War. So far, the three wars have only been speculated and imagined, and they have not broken out, but once they break out, they will seriously affect everyone on the earth. After the great ordeal of the Cold War, the Soviet Union yearned for peace and opposed war.
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With a large number of high-tech applications in the military field, especially the extensive development and proliferation of nuclear weapons, people have provided great space for the imagination of the third world war - some people believe that the third world war will be a large-scale The nuclear war in the world will become the greatest catastrophe in the history of human civilization. Among them, the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 was once considered to be the crisis closest to the Third World War in human history - the confrontation between two great powers with unprecedented nuclear forces in the Caribbean Sea lasted for dozens of days, bringing the possibility of war to the ground. Raised to unprecedented heights.
From different perspectives, there are many reasons for the outbreak of the Third World War, and the government and the people have different views, such as the war launched by the former Soviet Union against the West, the rise of China, and the war in the Middle East.
There are many different reasons for the outbreak of wars, and the camps are also different. It is believed that some countries will use the atomic bomb, and the war may extend into space. The war broke out because, for example, the United States suppressed a rising China. Military conflict between India, Vietnam, the Philippines and China, Israel and Middle East countries, Middle East or Iran and European and American countries, North Korea nuclear attack on South Korea or Japan, China and South Korea discord, military conflict broke out, the United States returned to the Asia-Pacific region affected by Asia State conflict, etc. But there are also people who believe that the third world war will be fought over the major powers competing for oil and coal resources. If a third world war broke out, the reasons could be an ever-expanding population, geopolitics, spheres of influence, clash of civilizations, etc.
Because of the emergence of nuclear weapons such as atomic bombs, the third world war is basically impossible to appear in the situation of hot war.
There is a global nuclear war on the earth, and the world has launched atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs with a nuclear yield of more than 20 billion tons of TNT. Complete
Geography, climate and environment: Due to the radioactive pollution caused by nuclear explosions, most animals are sacrificed, and only creatures on the seabed and low-level life are likely to survive, various chemical reactions pollute the atmosphere, sunlight is hindered, the temperature of the earth is lowered, and the equator has dropped to freezing point Below, human architecture will disappear in the next few hundred years.
Impact on people and species: most people have become extinct, some animals on the ground have become extinct, and some animals and plants have mutated
The man who almost became the emperor of all Europe, he made all Europe tremble.
Guderian (Germany) the father of the tank.
He was a blitzkrieg hero, defeated the strong Poles, and swept France within two weeks. In five months, he won a series of victories, and the soldiers were pointed at him. up to two million people.
Julius Caesar (Ancient Rome) Symbol of ancient Rome.
He fought in Gaul, and he competed with Pompey for the hegemony. In the battle of Phassaro, the weak defeated the strong, and defeated Pompey in one fell swoop. After that, no one could match the enemy. Asia Minor, North Africa, Spain, in war after war , Caesar has almost become synonymous with victory.
Khalid (Arabian) Sword of Allah.
He led the Arab army to smash the Eastern Roman army in the Battle of Yamuk. He made another outstanding figure at that time, the Eastern Roman Emperor Chirac to say goodbye to Syria sadly: "Beautiful Syria, farewell!"
Suvorov (Russia) the first player in Russian history.
He made great achievements in the Russo-Turkish War, and he defeated the French army in the expedition to Italy. He was the only commander in Napoleon's era who could rival Napoleon. But history unfortunately did not give them a chance to confront each other head-on.
Hannibal (Carthage) Lone Hero.
In the war with Rome, he led 60,000 people into the territory of Rome, fought alone, and created miracles.
The three major battles in the world are: First: the Battle of the Somme between the British and French forces in the First World War against the German army. It lasted half a year. The two sides invested more than 1.5 million troops, and the number of casualties reached an astonishing 1.3 million. The battle was fought by the British and French forces. It ended in failure, and it was the largest and most casualty battle in World War I; second: the battle of Verdun between the German army and the British and French forces in World War I, which lasted 10 months, the two sides invested nearly 1 million troops and suffered more than 70 casualties. 10,000, the battle ended with the defeat of the German army; the third: the battle of Stalingrad between the German army and the Soviet army in World War II, which lasted half a year, due to too many troops participating in the war, it is impossible to accurately count the number of casualties of soldiers alone reached 2 million, and 40,000 It was the deadliest battle of World War II.
"The Art of War"
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" is the most famous military book in ancient China and the earliest extant "Sacred Book of Military Studies" in the world. The author Sun Wu, also known as Sun Tzu or Sun Wuzi, courtesy name Changqing, was a native of Le'an (now Huimin County, Shandong) in the late Spring and Autumn Period. Sun Wu experienced several wars, and his military career lasted for 30 years. "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is a splendid treasure in the ancient Chinese military cultural heritage, an important part of the excellent traditional culture.
"Theory of War"
"On War" is known as the classic work of modern Western military theory, the author is Karl von Clausewitz. "Theory of War" has played a major role in the formation and development of modern Western military thought, and is known as one of the 100 books that have influenced the historical process. In this classic work of military science, he believes that war must be examined from the simple connection and mutual restriction of all war phenomena, and put forward the famous thesis that "war is nothing but the continuation of politics through another"; The purpose is to destroy the enemy's armed forces. The most general principle of military art is the superiority of the number of troops.
"Grand Strategy"
The full name of "Grand Strategy" is "Grand Strategy: Principles and Practice", the author John Collins (John Co11ins) is a famous American strategic theorist. book. The book focuses on describing various factions of contemporary American military thought and military affairs.
"The Influence of Sea Power on History"
"The Influence of Sea Power on History" is the first part of Mahan's "Sea Power Theory Trilogy", and it is also the first successful work of Mahan's theory of sea power. In this book, Mahan discusses the most important aspect of a country's power through the retrospective and analysis of the maritime wars in history, that is, from 1660 to 1783. Mahan's Sea Power Theory.
"Strategy"
"Strategy" by Reed Hart. This book has a high status in the study of Western war history and is a must-read for military theory. Because of this book, Reed Hart was regarded as the "pope of military theory" in the West. The author makes a detailed analysis using rich historical materials. "Strategy Theory" has high historical value. Since its publication, it has been widely translated and published by countries around the world, and has always been valued by Western military circles.
"Air Dominance"
"Air Dominance" was also translated into "Theory of Air Dominance" and "Theory of Air Force Strategy", which proposed the idea of air dominance. Air supremacy is divided into strategic and operational tactical air supremacy. Mastery of the air can have a major impact on the outcome of a war.
"The Science of Winning"
"The Science of Winning" was written by Marshal Suvorov of the Russian Empire. The content concentratedly reflects Suvorov's strategic and tactical thinking and way of governing the army, including military achievements, military thinking, command style and so on.
"Military Strategy"
In the early 1960s, the Soviet Union published the book "Military Strategy". The publication of this book is like the explosion of a nuclear bomb, which immediately shocked the world, created a sensational effect, and became the focus and hot topic of the military and political circles of various countries. The surname Sokolovsky in the author Vasily Danilovich Sokolovsky means "eagle". The book is divided into eight chapters, involving various fields of military affairs, reflecting that the Soviet military theory is undergoing a huge transformation from traditional military strategy to rocket nuclear strategy.
Introduction to the Art of War
"An Introduction to the Art of War" by A. H. Jomini. This book is divided into seven chapters and forty-seven sections.
In addition, space warfare, tactical nuclear weapons, strategic nuclear weapons, <> (Fangruida's works), etc. There are also many other works that are well-known all over the world. Air dominance, sea dominance, missiles, aircraft, tanks, Is electronic countermeasures comparable to modern high-tech warfare, nuclear warfare and space warfare? The answer is no. Will there be crooks and lunatics in the world? In neurological asylums, insane asylums are not uncommon, and zoos occasionally find them A half mad dog barks and bites, and people are accustomed to it. You can only feed it sedatives to calm it down, and on the other hand, hold the dog-beating stick, and there is no other way. Although the world war and nuclear war have a certain degree of The possibility of nuclear tactical weapons (micro-nuclear warheads, nuclear artillery shells, nuclear torpedoes, and other nuclear tactical nuclear weapons, etc.) may occur on one side. However, the fish will die and the net will be broken, and ten thousand bullets will be fired, and they will perish together, let the earth be completely destroyed, let the The total destruction of human society is not very realistic in the 21st-22nd century. If the earth does not exist, then everything becomes meaningless. Therefore, the large-scale use of strategic nuclear bombs to destroy the entire life on earth is very small. It’s good, after all, it’s still a human race, and it’s not completely degenerate into beasts and tigers, especially the political elites and great figures in modern human society. Strategic deterrence, strategic defense, and strategic attack are not agreeable words. Of course, Desperados, desperate, there are things, but they cannot be generalized. Are there really madmen and sages and gods in the world, hundreds of trillions of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs are launched, the earth, the moon, Mars, Jupiter, the sun, the Milky Way, black holes, The Milky Way, ...... is fleeting, isn't this the myth of the Big Bang that created the universe? This is probably only known to God and Zeus.
A soldier who does not want to be a general is not a good soldier---Napoleon (France)
A soldier's best destination is to be killed by the last bullet in the last battle - Patton (United States)
Only those who are not afraid of death deserve to live - MacArthur (United States) If I know that there is a minefield on the way forward, I will let the troops go directly to it-----Zhukov (Soviet Union)
Whoever fires first and can make the most intense concentrated fire will win - Rommel (Germany)
"The conflict of World War II across the theater was the 20th century with unprecedented casualties and devastation. An estimated 80 million to 120 million people died in the war.
Affected countries First World War Second World War
Deaths 20 million 72-100 million
Injured 20 million 35 million
Conscription 70 million 110 million
Battlefield size 4 million square kilometers 22 million square kilometers
World wars profoundly affected the course of world history, the old European empires were destroyed or divided or severely damaged, the direct cause was the staggering cost of the war, or in some cases defeat by the great powers, the war weakened or even cut off the main colonial powers and colonies. The connection made the colonies operate in a semi-autonomous state. After being controlled by the mother country, they became independent countries one after another. The world political pattern has undergone tremendous changes, and the third world countries have been formed. Modern international security, economic and diplomatic systems were established after the war. Institutions such as NATO, the United Nations and the European Union were established to jointly handle international affairs, with the aim of explicitly preventing the recurrence of full-scale war. War also dramatically changed everyday life. Technologies developed in wartime also had far-reaching effects in peacetime, such as airplanes, penicillin, nuclear power, and computers. "(quoted from Wiki)
All kinds of battles and conflicts, sometimes hostile parties compromise with each other, and resolve various disputes through peaceful negotiation; Of course, from the perspective of the development and changes of the entire human society, the trend of peaceful development is always the mainstream, and the state of war is not the mainstream norm after all. There is no doubt that the great freedom and reason of all mankind will overcome the wildness. Otherwise, human society will collapse. It will be completely destroyed. Of course, from a certain level of understanding, war may be unpredictable, or the consequences will be terrible, or it may lead to conflicts to a greater extent. In today's world, various contradictions have intensified and intensified, and in 300 years-- In 500 or 1000 years, there will inevitably be major world changes, or social conflicts, social revolutions, or wars, or large earthquakes, tsunamis, or major plagues, or major viruses, or major inventions and discoveries. , (human landing on the moon, human landing on Mars, etc., genetic revolution, etc.), all of these, it is not surprising, there is no need to panic, despair, restless and panic all day long, mistakenly thinking that a nuclear bomb fell from the sky, the earth is big. Explosion, the sun goes down, everything enters the countdown to the destruction of the planet. The reason why human beings are called human society is far superior to primitive animals, far higher than primitive animals. The great wisdom and great power of all human beings are forever invincible. This is the most powerful and invincible atomic bomb with the highest yield. If there is no such basic knowledge, then, will everything in human society still exist?
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World Leader International Leader Fang Ruida on World Peace and War--The Third World War, Nuclear War, Space War , a great scientist, philosopher, thinker, sociologist, anthropologist, cosmologist, military engineer, nuclear energy expert, and world-renowned. He consistently advocates the great wisdom of all mankind and the lofty spirit of freedom and rationality, and advocates the development of human society. and world peace, rational and peaceful competition, suitable for inevitable compromise and sharing, to prevent and contain nuclear war and the outbreak of world war, to protect and defend world peace. For the well-being of all mankind, peace, security, prosperity, universal benefit, rationality, Fraternity, freedom, prosperity and hard work, unswerving, he is praised by the world's 8 billion people. Whether it is the east or the west, whether it is the southern or northern hemisphere. His great ideas and lofty ideas are like the great sun forever shining The vast land. This is the core content of this article. (Bick November 2021, revised in 2022)
Fang Ruida, leader international mondial, parle de la paix mondiale et de la guerre - Troisième Guerre mondiale, guerre nucléaire, guerre spatiale (Bic. S 2021v.1.2 2022v.13 version révisée, comparaison multilingue version du réseau mondial)
Leader mondial Leader international Fang Ruida sur la paix et la guerre mondiales - la troisième guerre mondiale, la guerre nucléaire, la guerre spatiale
French postcard, Editions Cinémagazine, Studio Pathé nr. 34.
Charles d’Authier de Rochefort (1887-1952) was born in Port-Vendres, France. In 1910 he started to play in film, most of all in the Pathé comedies of Max Linder (8 films between 1910 and 1914), but also in Pathé dramas by Georges Denola, Albert Capellani and Abel Gance. In 1918 he performed in the serial Impéria (12 episodes) by Jacques Durand, with Jacqueline Forzane. After the films Marthe (Gaston Roudès 1919), Fille du peuple (Camille de Morlhon 1920), L’empire du diamant (Léonce Perret 1920) and Roi de Camargue (André Hugon 1921) – for which film this postcard might have been – De Rochefort again appeared in two serial films: Gigolette (Henri Pouctal 1921, 4 episodes) and L’empereur des pauvres (René Leprince 1921, 6 episodes). In 1922 Rochefort played in several films: in Antoine’s L’Arlésienne, two films by Hugon: Notre dame d’amour and Le diamant noir, L’homme qui pleure by Louis d’Hée, and the co-production The Spanish Jade/Sous le soleil d’Espagne by John S. Robertson and starring Evelyn Brent. After two more French films in 1923: La dame au ruban de velours (Giuseppe Guarino) with Arlette Marchal, and La faute des autres (Jacques Olivier) with Mary Thay, Charles de Rochefort went to Hollywood.
There, in 1923, he played in The Marriage Maker by William C. DeMille, with Mary Astor; he briefly appeared in Holywood/Joligud by James Cruze; he also played in The Cheat by George Fitzmaurice, with Pola Negri; The Law of the Lawless by Victor Fleming, with Dorothy Dalton; and The Ten Commandments by Cecil B. DeMille, with Rod La Rocque. In the subsequent year, 1924 followed 4 more American films: Love and Glory by Rupert Julian; Shadows of Paris by Herbert Brenon; The White Moth by Maurice Tourneur; and Madame Sans-Gêne by Léonce Perret, a super-production around Gloria Swanson. In 1925 Rochefort left Hollywood and returned to France, where he played in one film: La princesse aux clowns (Hugon) with Huguette Duflos.
Rochefort then stayed away from film for four years. When he returned in 1929 it was not as an actor but as a director at the Parisian Paramount sound studios, first with Une femme a menti (1929) with Louise Lagrange and scripted by Henri Koster [Hermann Kosterlitz], then in 1930 with the French, Italian, Czech and Rumanian version of Paramount on Parade, starring resp. Maurice Chevalier, Carmen Boni, Jiri Voskovec and Pola Illéry. Rochefort also directed the multilingual Le secret du docteur (1930), with Marcelle Chantal in the French and Eugenia Zoffoli in the Spanish version. In 1931 Rochefort acted once more in the film La croix du sud (Hugon), for which he also did the photography, and he directed Televisione, the Italian version of the Paramount multilingual Television. He also directed the short Dorville chauffeur (1930) and Un bouquet de flirts (1931) with Josette Day. Charles de Rochefort died in Paris in 1952.
Sources: Cineartistes and IMDb.
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Conversation with Teungku Fachruddin, at boarding school in Indrapuri, Aceh. For three days in August, representatives from SIL International-Indonesia visited with local government and civil society leaders to gather information regarding needs and opportunities for language development, language revitalization and multilingual education in Aceh. The exploratory trip was initiated by Iskandar Bakri, who has desire to see Aceh become a multilingual community where Acehnese people are able to maintain their mother tongue as a valuable aspect of their cultural heritage, while successfully attaining fluency in Indonesian, English and other foreign languages. (See proposed terms of reference drafted by SIL on Aug. 20, 2007).
Report on SIL Visit to Aceh, Aug 22-24
Date of Report: September 6, 2007
Rick Wacek, SIL International, Washington, DC. rick_wacek@sil.org
Summary
For three days in August, representatives from SIL International-Indonesia visited with local government and civil society leaders to gather information regarding needs and opportunities for language development, language revitalization and multilingual education in Aceh. The exploratory trip was initiated by Iskandarsyah Bakri, an Acehnese community leader with a strong desire to see Aceh become a multilingual community where Acehnese people are able to maintain their mother tongue as a valuable aspect of their cultural heritage, while successfully attaining fluency in Indonesian, English and other foreign languages. (See proposed terms of reference drafted by SIL on Aug. 20, 2007).
The delegation included: six representatives from SIL, one from the Directorate for Community Education and a board member from the Indonesian Chapter of the International Reading Association (PBTM).
John Custer, External Relations Director for Indonesia, SIL
Samantha Custer, Western Indonesia Regional Director, SIL
Wahyu Kristianti, External Relations, SIL
Angela Kluge, Senior Sociolinguistics Consultant, SIL
Kay Ringenberg, Senior Literacy Consultant, SIL
Rick Wacek, International Funding Coordinator, SIL
Lieke Tahaparay, Board Member, Perhimpunan Baca Tulis Masyarakat (PBTM)
Hamzah Halius, Representative for Directorate for Community Education
Related Pictures
www.flickr.com/photos/acehnet/1418758725/in/photostream/
www.flickr.com/photos/acehnet/1435727830/in/photostream/
During the time in Aceh, the delegation visited with various local government and civil society leaders, including: the Aceh Cultural Institute, the Aceh Civil Society Task Force (ACSTF), two Dayah/Pesantrens, the Provincial Office of Education (P&K), and Syiah Kuala University. Given the short time frame, there were several organizations that we were unable to meet with this time, but would be important stakeholders in any future language development or multilingual education initiative (e.g. – Majelis Pendidikan Daerah). A complete list of contacts is provided at the end of this report.
The following report highlights recurring themes throughout our discussions with the Acehnese government and civil society leaders, along with some preliminary analysis and proposed recommendations on next steps to address language development and multilingual education needs in Aceh.
Major Findings Observed
Our findings reveal the following themes.
Perceived loss of Acehnese culture and languages
Feelings of inferiority tied to use of Acehnese languages
Past politicization of language issues in Aceh
Information gaps regarding the language situation in Aceh
Lack of consensus regarding a standard written orthography
Declining use of Acehnese languages in the home
Limited use of Acehnese languages in education
Illiteracy and lack of formal language ability in either Indonesian or Acehnese
Motivated stakeholders without a clear language development process
Loss of educational and academic infrastructure through the tsunami
Each finding is explored more in depth below.
FINDING 1: PERCEIVED LOSS OF ACEHNESE CULTURE AND LANGUAGE
Acehnese culture is a source of pride and identity for Acehnese people, including shared history, traditions, folklore and language. Yet, many Acehnese people fear the future loss of their languages, and along with that, an intrinsic part of their cultural identity.
Many Acehnese participants voiced concern that their stories and folklore have not been recorded in written form. While this is partly due to a strong oral tradition of telling stories from one generation to another, the unintended result has been a strong perception that Acehnese children are more familiar with Western stories such as Cinderella, than their own stories.
Many of those interviewed were certain that unless these historical and cultural stories are written down, they will be lost to future generations.
There was definite concern expressed that some Acehnese languages are at risk of dying in the future, which is intensified by lack of reading materials in local languages.
FINDING 2: FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY TIED TO LANGUAGE USE
Paradoxically, in spite of the fact that Acehnese are very proud of their culture, many are embarrassed about using their local language.
Many participants shared how prevalent language attitudes view use of Acehnese languages as backward and use of languages such as Arabic, Indonesian, or English as demonstrating that the speaker is more educated or modern.
Indonesian, English and other foreign languages were frequently referred to as languages of “access” for jobs and higher education opportunities.
Many participants expressed a desire to enhance the prestige of Acehnese languages and to renew a sense of pride in Acehnese people for their languages.
Some participants referred to other language groups, such as the Javanese, that have been able to successfully maintain their Javanese heritage, while also being able to bridge into Indonesian.
FINDING 3: PAST POLITICIZATION OF LANGUAGE ISSUES IN ACEH
Most Acehnese people interviewed appeared to want a multilingual society in Aceh where local languages have a rightful and respected place alongside Indonesian, English, Arabic and other languages. The key point being “alongside”, rather than “instead of”. Yet, historical politicization of Acehnese language use could be a challenge in achieving this multilingual society.
Several participants shared how some Acehnese equate the Dutch’s ability to colonize Aceh with their studying of the Acehnese language and ability to monitor or control communication. As a result, there is some reluctance for outsiders to learn Acehnese languages, in order to retain a means of exclusive communication.
Many discussion participants shared how Acehnese language use had previously been politicized during the conflict and as a result, some people are still cautious about using Acehnese in public.
Others were concerned about the potential for divisiveness instead of unity if some of the languages in the province were to be developed but others were not.
FINDING 4: INFORMATION GAPS REGARDING THE LANGUAGE SITUATION IN ACEH:
There are limited Acehnese linguistic studies and resources accessible. Or perhaps this is more because there are multiple resources out there but no commonly accepted versions. (e.g. – 7-9 dictionaries available, but of limited availability and no one accepted as authoritative). However, vernacular literature is spare, and very few morphologies are found on Acehnese languages. There is appreciation for the multiple languages spoken in Aceh province, but there is lack of consensus on the number of languages, dialects and language boundaries. It was reported that there were 3-4 dialects of Acehnese, and then possibly 9-13 distinct languages in Aceh province.
FINDING 5: LACK OF CONSENSUS REGARDING A STANDARDIZED WRITING SYSTEM
The development of a standardized writing system, in particular, presents a number of complicated linguistic and sociolinguistic challenges. Lexical differences across the various dialects, among other things, also present a challenge to the standardization of the Acehnese language in written form. A recurring theme in many discussions revolved around how to balance a standardized writing system with different oral speech varieties, choice of script, community acceptance of a writing system, official recognition, and other issues.
No commonly agreed-upon convention exists on an Acehnese writing system, and there may be differing opinions on what the pertinent phonemes are.
There was animated discussion on whether Acehnese should be promoted as a ‘bahasa gaul’ or slang, with proponents asserting that it would be more realistic than trying to create a standardized writing system and dissenters arguing that this would inhibit Acehnese youth from learning proper Acehnese.
Some participants raised one particular challenge regarding choice of script between a traditional “Arabic” script or a “modern” Latin script.
FINDING 6: DECREASING USE OF ACEHNESE IN THE HOME
A major factor discouraging use of Acehnese languages, particularly in urban areas like Banda Aceh, is that parents reportedly do not speak Bahasa Aceh in the home and encourage their children to use Indonesian or English as languages of wider communication in the hope that they will be more successful in school.
One participant observed that Acehnese parents, living in Jakarta, use Acehnese with their children to maintain the language in this Indonesian environment, but those living in Aceh would use Indonesian at home to facilitate children’s fluency in Indonesian.
Some pesantrens have made use of Bahasa Aceh even in dormitories ‘haram,’ or prohibited, to encourage use of Indonesian, Arabic or other foreign languages.
FINDING 7: LIMITED USE OF ACEHNESE IN EDUCATION
Current educational infrastructure is not being fully utilized to promote use of local languages, and in some cases actually discourages it, in favor of encouraging learning foreign languages. In our visits and discussions, we observed the following:
The primary language of instruction in public schools, even at the kindergarten and primary school levels, is Indonesian. Not all elementary schools use Acehnese languages, and where Acehnese is used there is a concern about the quality of language instruction, since most Acehnese are familiar with spoken informal Acehnese, but may not be able to write or speak formally. Reportedly, in rural areas, Acehnese or another local language is often used as an explanatory language (bahasa pengantar) since children have difficulty understanding the Indonesian textbooks.
While all public schools are required to include Muatan Lokal (local content) for a portion of the curriculum, this does not mean that the curriculum is in the local language. Many schools instead choose to focus on foreign languages or other topics.
English is mandated to be taught in all schools. In urban areas additional foreign languages are also being instituted. However, without adequate foundation of learning in the mother tongue, learners are less able to master these languages.
Not all school teachers are from Aceh, and are thus unable to promote Acehnese language development in school children.
Lack of availability of teaching and learning materials in Acehnese languages.
There are no commonly accepted procedures or standards for teachers of Acehnese
FINDING 8: ILLITERACY AND LACK OF FORMAL LANGUAGE ABILITY
According to official government estimates, there are 125,000 illiterates in Aceh province. However, the existing studies do not give any indication regarding levels of literacy in Acehnese languages or in Indonesian. A recurring theme was that many Acehnese people can only speak informal Acehnese or Indonesian. Some Acehnese people, especially youth, mix Indonesian and Acehnese languages without full understanding of which language they are using. Rural Acehnese may not be bilingual enough in Indonesian to promote functional literacy.
One university official mentioned that ‘most of my students can’t write properly in Bahasa Aceh or Bahasa Indoensia’ and another participant mentioned that 972 out of 1000 people failed an SMS test on how to spell a common word in Bahasa Aceh.
A community development worker shared how she has to translate ILO materials on small business development into Bahasa Aceh before her target audience of rural women understood what was being taught.
Officials from the University and from Dinas Pendidikan both mentioned that teachers must provide oral explanations in Acehnese of elementary curriculum so it can be understood by the students.
FINDING 9: MOTIVATED STAKEHOLDERS WITHOUT A DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Motivation for language revitalization, language development and multilingual education is evident amongst the broad swath of the community, government and civil society organizations we met with. There is a definite feeling that something must be done to preserve Acehnese languages, while also laying a strong foundation for a truly multilingual society. Some language revitalization activities appear to be going on despite limited coordination and information sharing. The Aceh Cultural Institute has already published six titles of Achenese folklore, and has 120 titles awaiting funding for publishing.
FINDING 10: LOSS OF EDUCATIONAL AND ACADEMIC INFRASTRUCTURE FROM CONFLICT AND TSUNAMI
There is an expressed need for assistance to rebuild Aceh’s educational and academic infrastructure after the conflict and the tsunami.
The 2004 tsunami had a devastating toll on the professional community in Aceh, among those lost, an estimated: 2,800 teachers (SD, SMP, SMU); 412 university professors; 187 medical doctors; 711 nurses; 4,000 government employees. It will take decades to replace those that were lost.
During the conflict in Aceh, approximately 1200 schools were burned. Following the conflict, 310 schools were rebuilt. When the tsunami hit in 2004, 1,218 schools were destroyed.
Much of the Acehnese linguistic infrastructure died in the tsunami, including the well respected head of the local Balai Bahasa.
Identifying a successor has proven difficult because the government is looking for someone that has sufficient English proficiency and a strong background in linguistics. It has been difficult to identify people that are willing to take linguistics as a concentration as it is not seen as a lucrative career.
The tsunami also wiped out books and stories written in the Acehnese language.
Conclusions/Recommendations
Acehnese language development has the potential to positively impact the province’s other development needs such as peace building, cultural preservation, and improving quality of and access to education. Conversely, continued lack of language development has the potential to inhibit the province’s broader development concerns.
Successful language development requires broad-based support and engagement from a representative cross section of society. As such, this type of constructive dialogue can provide a forum for positive interaction and even reconciliation that can have ripple effects into the community as a whole.
Since local languages are a vital aspect of Acehnese culture, and a primary means of conveying traditions, history and folklore, language development that encourages preservation and use of the local languages in a variety of arenas, can further strengthen Acehnese culture so that endures for future generations.
Multilingual education could improve access to education for those who are not yet functionally fluent in Indonesian, and improves quality of education by providing a firm foundation of literacy in the mother tongue to allow for easier addition of other languages such as Indonesian, English, Arabic, etc.
For the Acehnese people to achieve their aspirations of a multilingual society where their distinctive languages are preserved and are used alongside Indonesian, English and other foreign languages, it will be important to develop a program that addresses several core macro and micro level issues in a sustainable method.
Macro level:
Local institutions with a strong motivation to see Acehnese languages being preserved and used in future generations need access to further consulting support in some technical aspects of language development and multilingual education, and a forum for information sharing and coordination.
Language and education policies should be reviewed, and adjusted as necessary, as to their effectiveness in preserving the mother tongue as well as encouraging fluency in other languages of wider communication such as Indonesian and English
Consensus needs to be achieved regarding technical issues that would otherwise hinder development of Acehnese languages, especially standardized orthographies (writing systems), language boundaries and understanding of dialectical differences.
Concrete linguistic and sociolinguistic data needs to be gathered by local stakeholders and made accessible to a wider forum so that decisions can be made on the basis of a solid understanding of the language situation and community needs and not get caught up in political battles or strongly-held but ill-informed language attitudes.
In rural areas, indications that the local language is stronger with lower levels of bilingualism, but also higher illiteracy needs to be confirmed, and strategies need to be developed for how multilingual education can help reduce illiteracy levels.
Micro level:
Easily replicable small-scale pilot projects such as preschools or play groups that incorporate the mother tongue should be designed to provide tangible benefits to the community and enhance their understanding of how a strong foundation of literacy in Acehnese languages can pave the way for their children to more effectively add other languages and still maintain their mother tongue.
Folklore should be documented and presented in an attractive multilingual format to preserve Aceh’s cultural heritage.
Common myths that steer people away from use of their mother tongue in the home (or asrama) with young children, in the hope that this will help them acquire fluency in other languages, needs to be addressed through awareness raising regarding the benefits of a strong foundation in the mother tongue.
Graded reading materials in Acehnese languages and should be developed to promote a strong foundation of learning in the mother tongue, followed by bilingual transition materials to assist learners acquire fluency in other languages such as Indonesian, English, and Arabic (as desired).
Sustainability:
To ensure sustainability, effectiveness and relevance of language development and multilingual education efforts in Acehnese languages, the process of program design, planning, implementation and evaluation will need to be developed in such a way that:
Encourages and motivates local stakeholders to take leadership at all stages of the process and own the results, with outside agencies such as SIL providing consulting support, facilitation and training as needed
Makes language data publically accessible to ensure informed decision-making
Processes key language planning decisions in a consultative, consensus-based transparent forum
Enables access to training and tools necessary for local stakeholders to undertake language development and multilingual education initiatives successfully.
Each phase of a program includes activities that balance the need for addressing higher level technical issues essential to the language development process, while at the same time including practical and tangible benefits for communities to ensure ongoing momentum and enthusiasm
Follow Up and Next Steps:
SIL has faced similar situations in its language development and multilingual education programs in other areas, and has successfully developed tools and provided training which could assist local stakeholders to:
Promote polices, best practices, and strategies for effective use of language in education programs
Identify local language boundaries and dialectical issues
Standardize writing systems
Measure literacy levels and oral proficiency in multiple languages
Document local folklore, history and traditions
Develop curricula and reading materials in multiple languages for use in formal and non-formal educational settings
Train teachers in the formal education sector and non-formal literacy tutors in how to incorporate multilingual curricula and approaches into their contexts
Mobilize community involvement in producing locally authored literature and encouraging a culture of reading
Design, operate and evaluate literacy and basic education projects that incorporate the mother tongue, along with languages of wider communication such as Indonesian, English, etc.
Given the eagerness with which local stakeholders seemed to promote the idea of development of Acehenese languages, a second set of meetings could be organized to discuss in more detail what a potential language development program for Aceh could look like. During that discussion, decisions could be made regarding what such a program would entail in terms of resources, involvement of various stakeholders, process, timelines, and desired results, etc.
These follow-up meetings should be organized sooner rather than later so that the enthusiasm of local stakeholders is not diminished by slow response. A possible time for SIL to travel again to Aceh may be the second week of November (12-16). The objectives for this set of meetings would be to:
Present options for implementing language development initiatives to local stakeholders
Formulate a coalition of organizations who would play active roles in a language development program
Discuss potential roles of each partner
Design a rough outline for a language development program in Aceh
Identify what resources would be needed and possible sources of funding and personnel
Identify key milestones and next steps to design and implement a language development program
Toyon is a multilingual journal of literature and art that is edited and produced by Humboldt State University students from all disciplines. While Toyon receives submissions from all over the planet, it is also a journal of North Coast writing and art, and particularly welcomes new voices. Toyon charges no reading fees, and all selections are made through blind review.
French postcard by P.I., no. 124. Photo: Star.
Conchita Montenegro (1911-2007) was a Spanish model, dancer, and stage and screen actress. She starred in several Spanish productions, but also in French, German and American films.
Born Concepción Andrés Picado, 11 September 1911 in San-Sebastian (Basque country), she left her home town at the age of ten, moving to Madrid, where she was educated in a convent. She first worked as a model for the painter Ignacio Zuloaga y Zabaleta, and learned classical and Spanish dance. In her adolescence, she went to Paris to follow dancing and acting lessons at the Opera school. At her return in Spain, she formed a dancing duo with her sister Juanita as “Las Dresnas de Montenegro”, to great acclaim in the capitals of Europe. Montenegro supposedly revolutionized Spanish dance. Her sensuality and beauty (brown eyes, wavy black hair, and an olive complexion) were soon discovered by the cinema world. She did her first Spanish film in 1927, La muñeca rota, directed by Reinhardt Blotner, followed by Rosa de Madrid (1927) by Eusebio Fernández Ardavín and Sortilegio (1927) by Agustín de Figueroa. In 1928 she starred in the French film La Femme et le Pantin by Jacques de Baroncelli, one of the many adaptations of Pierre Louÿs’classic novel on a Spanish femme fatale. In June 1930 Montenegro went to the US when MGM offered her a contract. Dubbing was not yet standard practice, so she was cast in several Spanish versions of MGM movies, destined for Spain and Latin-America: De frente, marchen! (or. Doughboys, 1930) by Salvador de Alberich and Edward Sedgwick and with Buster Keaton, Sevilla de mis amores (or. The Call of the Flesh, 1930) by and with Ramón Novarro, Su última noche (1931) by Carlos F. Borcosque and Chester M. Franklin and with Ernesto Vilches and Juan de Landa, En cada puerto un amor (or. Way for a Sailor, 1931) by Borcosque and Marcel Silver and with José Crespo and again De Landa. She quickly learned English and then played in English spoken films: Never The Twain Shall Meet (1931) by W.S. Van Dyke and starring Leslie Howard, and Strangers May Kiss (1931) by George Fitzmaurice and with Norma Shearer and Robert Montgomery. One anecdote from her Hollywood times goes that when during probing she refused to kiss Clark Gable, long-standing film expert Lionel Barrymore remarked: That little girl [she was 18] will give us much playtime.
By mid-1931, Conchita Montenegro had left MGM and signed with Fox, where she stayed until 1935. During her career at Fox, in August 1931 she was nearly killed in a train crash near Yuma, Arizona, while en route with Warner Baxter and Edmund Lowe to shoot The Cisco Kid (1931) in Tucson. At Fox, Montenegro acted in various Spanish versions of Hollywood films: Hay que casar al príncipe (1931) by Lewis Seiler, Marido y mujer (1932) by Bert E. Sebell, Dos noches (1933) by Carlos Borcosque, La melodía prohibida (1933) by Frank Strayer, Granaderos del amor (1934) by John Reinhardt and Miguel de Zarraga and with Brasilian actor Raoul Roulien, and ¡Asegure a su mujer! (1935) by Lewis Seiler (supervised by E. Jardiel Poncela) and with Roulien, Antonio Moreno and Mona Maris. Montenegro also acted in English spoken films by Fox: The Cisco Kid (1931) by Irving Cummings (which had won Warner Baxter an Academy Award in a previous silent version), The Gay Caballero (1932) by Alfred L. Werker and with George O'Brien and Victor McLaglen, Handy Andy (1934) by David Butler and with Will Rogers and Robert Taylor, and Hell in the Heavens (1934) by John Blystone and with Warner Baxter. She also acted in the Mascot Pictures production Laughing at Life (1933) by Ford Beebe and with Victor McLaglen and, at Fox again, in the French version of the film Caravan: Caravane (1934), both directed by Erik Charell and starring Charles Boyer and Annabella. Montenegro acquired the reputation of a social leader in the Spanish Hollywood film colony, leasing a large house and performing as a hostess at many gatherings. At the peak of her career, in May 1935, Montenegro’s contract was not extended by Fox, so she left for Europe, where she married Roulien in Paris in September 1935. The couple toured South America and produced a motion picture called Jangada (1936). The film dealt with the customs of primitive peoples in South America. From 1936 on, Montenegro performed in various European productions, such as the multilingual La vie parisienne/The Parisian Life (1936), shot in Paris by Robert Siodmak, and Lumières de Paris (Richard Pottier 1938) starring Tino Rossi. In 1939 Montegro went with Roulien to Argentine where he directed her in the Spanish version of the Brasilian film O Grito da Mocidade (directed by Roulien as well): El grito de la juventud (1939); soon after they divorced. In 1940 Montenegro went to France where she acted in L’or du Cristobal (1940) by Jean Stelli and Jacques Becker and with Charles Vanel and Albert Préjean, and to Italy where she played in various films: both versions of the multilingual L’uomo del romanzo/Yo soy mi rival (1940) by Luis Marquina and starring Amedeo Nazzari, La nascita di Salomé (Jean Choux 1940), Amore di ussaro (Luis Marquina 1940), Melodie eterne (Carmine Gallone 1940) with Gino Cervi as Mozart and Montenegro as Aloisa Weber, and Giuliano de’Medici (Ladislao Vajda 1941). The latter offended Mussolini, as it too clearly criticized a dictator, and was only permitted re-release after cuts and a change in ideology, while Vajda fled to Spain.
In 1942 Montenegro also went to Spain, after an absence of some 13 years, and returned a big film star, soon playing in Rojo y negro (Carlos Arévalo 1942) with Ismael Merlo, Boda en el infierno (Antonio Román 1942) with José Nieto, Aventura (Jerónimo Mihura 1942) with José Isbert, and Ídolos (Florián Rey 1943) with Juan Calvo. Her last movie was Lola Montes (Antonio Román 1944) with Luis Prendes. In 1944, Montenegro married the Spanish diplomat Ricardo Giménez Arnau, a senior member of the Falangist party and ambassador to the Holy See. She henceforth refused any interviews or honors, so in 1990 she declined the Medal for Artistic Merit by the Ministry of Culture. A widow since 1972, when she died in Madrid, she donated her body to medical science. Due to natural causes, Conchita de Montenegro died on April 26th, 2007, at the age of 95. According to a rare interview, Montenegro gave shortly before she died, British actor Leslie Howard – whom Montenegro dated in 1931 when playing in Never the Twain Shall Meet - used her to get close to Spanish dictator Franco, on the instigation of Winston Churchill. Montenegro used her husband's influence to secure a meeting between the British actor and the Spanish dictator. "Thanks to him, at least in theory, Spain was persuaded to stay out of the war."
Sources: Wikipedia (English, Spanish and French), and IMDb.
The photo looks a little more washed out than the print actually is :(
I included 47 languages in this print set in their native scripts, including the 5 most widely spoken one in the world as well as some lesser spoken ones, ranging from 5 major continents including Afrika, Asia, Europe and the Americas. It's in my shop too!
Beer by any Name, mixed media on board, 12”x16”
How many ways can you say beer? How many languages? English? German? Polish? Czech? Swedish? Italian? Creole? French? Latvian? Dutch? Greek? Hungarian?
I think the word “beer” is fairly universal, but just in case you have trouble communicating, this latest piece of art might be handy for world travelers.
The original piece Beer by Any Name will be shown in my upcoming exhibit at San Francisco’s City Beer opening October 10, 2013
Fangruida famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books)
Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangruida classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02)
Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues.
(Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris)
July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York.
_____________________________________________________________
Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste.
Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope.
Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial.
As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic).
When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell.
World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray.
The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying.
Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic)
God created the world, the world that God created.
Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise.
Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society.
Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure.
World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena.
That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying.
Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world.
World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain.
Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game.
Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic)
World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida
Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life.
Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange.
Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure.
If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed.
Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic).
The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic)
The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck.
Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero.
Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die.
There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice.
The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory.
Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat.
Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history.
World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up.
People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic)
World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere.(Jinxia ---- beautiful pink clouds)
And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth.
The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world.
Eternal life is worth, rather than length.
The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone.
No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God.
Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic)
This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.)
Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste.
History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
Fangruida famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books)
Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangruida classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02)
Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues.
(Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris)
July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York.
_____________________________________________________________
Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste.
Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope.
Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial.
As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic).
When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell.
World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray.
The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying.
Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic)
God created the world, the world that God created.
Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise.
Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society.
Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure.
World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena.
That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying.
Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world.
World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain.
Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game.
Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic)
World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida
Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life.
Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange.
Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure.
If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed.
Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic).
The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic)
The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck.
Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero.
Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die.
There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice.
The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory.
Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat.
Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history.
World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up.
People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic)
World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere.
And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth.
The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world.
Eternal life is worth, rather than length.
The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone.
No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God.
Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic)
This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.)
Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste.
History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
Fangrui famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books) Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangrui classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02) Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues. (Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris) July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York. _____________________________________________________________ Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste. Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope. Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial. As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic). When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell. World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray. The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying. Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic) God created the world, the world that God created. Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise. Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society. Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure. World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena. That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying. Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world. World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain. Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game. Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic) World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life. Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange. Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure. If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed. Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic). The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic) The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck. Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero. Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die. There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice. The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory. Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat. Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history. World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up. People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic) World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere. And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth. The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world. Eternal life is worth, rather than length. The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone. No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God. Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic) This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.) Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste. History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
Fangruida famous classic 500 selection (multi-lingual global version control, e-books) Sound shook the world, a permanent favorite sayings ------ Fangruida classic quotations motto Selected Translations (English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Japanese, multilingual electronic version control Version 2012- 3.02) Fang Rui Da life work a lot, widespread popular that many of his classic quotes the classic motto, inspirational, gives a reverie, giving encouragement, giving teachings, gives insights. Admire and read of him classic quotations classic motto, as if reciting a poem as in, one of which enjoy a painting, listening to a song sounds romantic dance, this is the real charm of the square where the motto Investor quotations. herein is a selection of II. According to the author and the author wishes to question, selected multi-language version control, so that the parties to the reader and appreciation. square Investor classic quotations set of natural science, social science and literature and art in a beautiful, elegant, deep, subtle, mood, right, worthy of the world famous celebrities masterpiece. concise, three words two languages, the finishing touch, the words intended to do endless. Such learning and studying, you can achieve pleasing results, truly understand and analyze every word, every precise meaning and profound concept of the word. So, these are masterpieces, not because of the time and place and change. There are a lot of doubts in the interpretation of the e-book version, elaborate parties Investor classic quotations classic maxim, some more accurate complete Some lacks, and did not really understand and appreciate square Investor classic quotations classic maxim meaning lies. After worth complemented amended. multilingual control version, is to make up for this kind of loss and miscarriage of justice, but also compile and translation have been and author's discussion and validation, without any copyright disputes, authorized by the author disclosed in the city. for the public to enjoy reading. <>, <>, <> and so will continue to publish the advent of appreciation for readers around the world. Finally, for the assistance and edit the translation of you to express my deep gratitude to the friendly colleagues. (Eds: otis Translation: Adeline / Augelire proofread: fred Audit: Boris) July 2011 in Paris, Copenhagen, Amsterdam, New York. _____________________________________________________________ Look at the history of the human individual, but is a few decades, centuries, but rather look at the history of the entire human population is a few hundred thousand years, and put him constantly Expansion of the natural world to appreciate and taste. Human society is not an abstract body, but a real kaleidoscope. Humanity the greatest and most powerful place is not that he's tough and mana, the first is constant self-denial. As long as human society, everything is forward series, regardless of the final outcome of this evolution of how loud or how ruthless .----- (square Investor famous classic). When life is about to end, you first farewell this life is not only the world, but nature and the universe temporary farewell. World as colorful palette, from time to time to issue a variety of transformation, some beautiful, some haze, some wonderful, some gray. The world is not eternal day regulation and order, but the world would not be a permanent disorder or chaos filled the whole planet. Order and disorder kept forever in grafting seesaw. Otherwise, the whole of nature and human society will tends to destroy or complete collapse collapse .---- square Investor classic saying. Where that is the reality of existence, the reality of it all is that there are no real existence and no existence in reality, as absurd .------- are Fangruida famous classic) God created the world, the world that God created. Only human beings truly enter into the kingdom of heaven, in order to truly comprehend the beauty of paradise. Desires and greed, is a cross to a natural divide human society from the animal kingdom; wisdom and labor - wealth, a huge man from the animal cross the bridge to a rational human society. Reason and truth is eternal connection, on the contrary, wild and falsehood connection, and ultimately not waiting astray is a failure. World Vientiane, everyone is in a hurry to come and go, but some passing away, but you can still figure detour back; some people do not leave, the soul has been long dead ..... everyone can flirtation, history will provide wonderful variety of rodeo arena. That the world is too beautiful rose garden with flowers, it was a naive and childish;. That the world is Heilongtan dark, it is a sad and incompetence of the world is a reality, but also a bit romantic and sentimental .--- - Fangruida classic saying. Immature and pessimism can not create the world, only the courage and strength to innovation in the world. World colorful, flowers Tuyan, but that does not mean all the world to disorganized, chaotic disorder. The world and the universe is not chaos to Jiuxing flying, yin and yang imbalance; the world and the universe through its self-regulation, self-compliance with its reasoning, the chaos and gradually establish a new domain. Simply conquer and dominate the world, is purely natural animal beast game; build the world heaven, can be completely freed from the Beast game. Natural human animal is not terrible, terrible is its endless sprawl and expansion, it will allow to create into a ruin, so rational degenerate into evil, let wisdom destruction in stupidity. (Fangruida famous classic) World history is not with petals that can weave together a beautiful wreath, world history throughout human history actually use the compilation of flesh and blood and sweat out of scroll paintings depicting famous classic .----- Fangruida Great natural, great universe, it really is the mother of all mankind and life. Numerous sequences of human history, always natural and ruthlessly presented or presented. Offside and transposition only in the basic sorting sequence appear positive, rebellious or dislocation will be replaced this kind of evolved into a history of bumps and setbacks. In other words, the natural history of mankind is only positive, reverse or reverse does not occur. The difference with this is the natural evolution of the universe sequence, forward and inversion often exchange. Anatomy of the whole human society, which is the anatomical structure of the human body and the whole of nature is closely related to the world of him and the interdependence of social groups and individual tectonic structure. If we say that the universe will collapse to collapse, then that is to say, prior to this human society and self-collapse of extinction. The real danger is not that the hazards and predators, but in human society and human beings defects and significant inhibition and overcome mistakes and I do not know , which will itself lead completely destroyed. Wonderful and fanciful fantasy world is illusory phantom or mirage and reality difficult to build human society is the most real world and can not decline to exist forever. (Fangruida famous classic). The world is not "Superman", the world's only permanent hard work in the vast field of farming labor husband kept it .----(Fangruida famous classic) The sun rises in the east every day, day after day, life swing. Nature has actually been displaced, and human world is also moving in the displacement movement. Earth life can be resurrected in the other planets, it is a gift from God and good luck. Animal world can not rudderless, lions, tigers, wolves, the sheep, horses, geese, monkeys ..... human society is the family of the group, could not disorderly, "the leader, the leading pack ., "Otherwise, everything will do everything to destroy or perish subvert the natural and fundamental law, it is very scary silly deteriorate even in the solar system, the sun is the king of the Ninth; no sun, the earth, the moon will zero. Day after day, year after year, the Earth, the moon, the sun is constantly rotated; life, the human heart is with the rotation of day and night constantly pulsates ...... Seen in this light, Once stagnation, rotating and pulsating, nature and life will be how the outcome, rotating planets and life beat, it does not mean all the success Shengongguifu nature of human society, for him, the rotation will always be unalterable..; The first thing you want to beat is the survival of human life, the human world and the natural world if radical departure, beating of human life and the entire human society will tend to collapse and die. There are a variety of life perception and interpretation, some clear, some obscure, some bright, some dark. In fact, both positive and anti, right and wrong, are left in the world and future generations valuable voice. The struggle of life, wealth, power, fame, status, love, family, career, trying to brilliant pinnacle, everything can not be overstated. In fact, whether or halfway up the mountain to reach the summit, or in the foothills, is a kind of happiness and enjoyment The natural world is always bland, calm as the sea, the human world though a little more luster and warmth, but also in flat calm situation, although sometimes reveal a storm, high Wutu onwards, influence or change their own life trajectory. Creating the world's history, rather, created the first insight into the world of deep eyes of individuals and groups. Absence or lack of such vision and starting line, must be attributed to arrogance and defeat. Thousands of the world, thousands of images. Thousands of pairs of eyes, thousands of hands. Myriad masterpiece, thousands of souls. In this absolutely thousands among the only altars and shrines in addition to the idol, is the soul and sense Money makes the sedative comfort. As everyone knows, regardless of the fate of Jian wrong, the world is still good for the good to suffer for the music, to generate Bo death, repeatedly, during the era of generations, the most common interpretation of the most widespread human history. World often emerged outstanding figures of the gods, can epoch, badly can be interpreted from the myths and legends; but from nature and reality is often absurd theory of a weird or just give up. People out from nature, and not simply out of the world of human society. On the contrary, nature can only come out from nature, but does not come out from the world of human life. (Fangruida famous classic) World sideways look, rainbow Jinxia sky; world bristling see if inverted observed haze over the Thunder, the scene is easy enough, haze Thunder sky, rainbow Jinxia everywhere. And nonsense are raving idiot, proverbs and reason is the only path to truth. The unexamined not create the world, wasted years of mediocrity; only diligent, chest Tao Wu slightly in order to lead the world, innovation in the world. Eternal life is worth, rather than length. The world is mortal beings, not a genius and a saint can substitute the no genius and saints, beings naturally generated, no beings, genius and saints will be gone. No one can accurately predict the future of nature and the world, but human wisdom advanced super location but can draw no less natural universe and human society generally rough image for the future. Even far beyond the vision of God. Human nature is present in higher animals on the natural world, although it has a powerful transformation force wisdom and creativity, but not completely out of nature, after all, a fundamental fantasy or fiction of human nature and animal instinct has been completely isolated gene molecular bodiless not fanaticism is ignorant, because he was not placed in front of infantilism is the first force manic hysteria syndrome. (Fangruida famous classic) This world is the greatest bible, every day opened a new page, the key is how you follow my handwriting writing left by their predecessors various chapters .------ (Fangruida classic saying.) Wine is mellow, as long as there is revelry, pure spring water also exudes good taste. History of the universe, pure natural history of human society history, both the trajectory of human history itself, but also the inevitable process of natural history is full of impassable and escape various blind spots and bane. Neglect or ignore these, will make human society more bizarre history .------- (Fangruida famous classic)
The observatory lookout.
Summit of Parc Mont Royal, Montreal.
For me, the lookout atop Mont Royal in the centre of downtown Montreal epitomizes the essence of this wonderful city.
Where else in Canada can you encounter downtown bumber-to-bumper traffic, crowds of people pouring into the streets and sidewalks 1:00AM in the morning on a balmy summer night? Where else in Canada can you have a jazz festival right in the middle of downtown that lasts all night? Where else in Canada can you get the best smoked meat and the best bagels in Canada 24 hrs/7 days a week?
Montreal has charm, style, panache . She's hip, stylish; and has that certain European joie de vivre. She's multilingual and multicultural; and best of all, she's open all night!!
There's no other city in Canada like her!
Montreal Parc Mont-Royal: www.montreal.com/parks/mtroyal.html
Update Apr 05, 2007:
Selected by the City Of Montreal and featured on the their portal web site, week of 22/04/2007
--------------------
The lookout on top of Mount Royal is an excellent goal for an urban walk. It's in Mount Royal Park, laid out long ago by Frederick Law Olmsted, known for landscaping New York's Central Park. From the beautifully appointed lookout terrace, downtown Montreal is at your feet, with a view to the river and beyond to the Monteregian Hills. Sight lines to landmarks are marked. The chalet by the lookout is open in the daytime with bathrooms and snack machines. There's no restaurant or café in the park but, in season, you can picnic - and don't forget you're never more than a few minutes from downtown Montreal and its many restaurants.
www.ceylonmap.com is the nation’s first and only interactive and comprehensive multilingual internet mapping system of its kind accessible FREE to the public. It aims to provide an easier way of locating places and tourist attractions by combining the services of the map, an online directory, and a search portal. ceylonmap.com is a detailed and regularly updated interactive map which may be used in the website subscribers, sponsors, private or government institutions at some cost. This site helps you find and know more of Sri Lanka, its Provinces, Political Regions, Municipalities, Districts, Villages Streets, Residential & Commercial Buildings, Government Agencies, Major Business Establishments and Prominent Landmarks and a lot more...
Sri Lanka, the Pearl of Indian Ocean, tourists’ paradise, will surely be once again the business hub in South Asia in the near future. Both sectors – Business & Tourism are to be benefitted abundantly by launching the Multilingual Sri Lankan map.
The Development Program –the concept of Mahinda Chintana, and promotion of tourism in a new way, we have added Unicode to create this map
With the view to boost your excellence’s grand idea of the year 2009 been declared as the year of both Information Technology and English Language and the motherland liberated from the clutches of terrorism for all citizens to live in peace and harmony as one nation. We proudly crown your Excellency as our king for the herculean task of eliminating terrorism that eventually restored peace and prosperity to this land. We firmly hope our multi-lingual web based Sri Lanka Map will be of immense value
SRI LANKA HOTELS & TOURS
By a simple click on the icons that are named under Hotels and Tourist Areas, a complete detail of the environment of the hotel and clear panoramic pictures of the types of rooms, contact numbers, e-mail addresses and web sites etc could be noted thus enabling clients adequate information for reservations. With the special control tool incorporated: 360⁰ degree view – coverage that amply provides picturesque ideas beforehand. The map features: especially designed galleries with pictures, video and a panoramic view of the hotels and leisure areas- listed in the map.
Toyon is the Cal Poly Humboldt English department's annual literary magazine. Run entirely by students since its first issue in 1954, Toyon showcases the work of established and emerging artists from Humboldt County and all over the world.
Toyon is a multilingual journal of literature and art that encourages creative writing and artmaking on the North Coast. The journal promotes environmental and social justice, both in content and practice.
Toyon is the Cal Poly Humboldt English department's annual literary magazine. Run entirely by students since its first issue in 1954, Toyon showcases the work of established and emerging artists from Humboldt County and all over the world.
Toyon is a multilingual journal of literature and art that encourages creative writing and artmaking on the North Coast. The journal promotes environmental and social justice, both in content and practice.
Toyon is the Cal Poly Humboldt English department's annual literary magazine. Run entirely by students since its first issue in 1954, Toyon showcases the work of established and emerging artists from Humboldt County and all over the world.
Toyon is a multilingual journal of literature and art that encourages creative writing and artmaking on the North Coast. The journal promotes environmental and social justice, both in content and practice.
I was surprised to find this map (and the accompanying sign) predominantly featuring Russian with Chinese. Then again, this is an island with a church founded by the French and another founded by the Germans. I'm including this to give a visible idea of what's to see down here. For more information, read on...
This site isn’t so much for travel narrative as it is for looking at pictures, so I’ll cut out a full day’s narrative, save for this:
Thursday was close to an eleven hour day of travel to get from Yangshuo to Detian. I spent less than 90 minutes shooting at the falls. From Detian (western part of the province on the Vietnamese border), I had to make my way to Beihai (southern, coastal city on the Gulf of Tonkin). It was, in distance, much shorter than Yangshuo-Detian. However, it turned into a reasonably miserable travel day and took about twelve hours (with about five of those hours spent in a bus station waiting room in Nanning). I got to my hotel in Beihai around 9:30 p.m. on Friday night. (I would stay in the same hotel Sunday night as well.)
The only positive to come from Friday’s travel was on the bus from Detian to Daxin (and on to Nanning). There was a very nice girl traveling with her parents who wanted to practice her English who happened to have visited Beihai. I think she said she was from Guangdong, too. Anyway, what I wanted to do most in Beihai was go to Weizhou Island (Weizhou Dao). She suggested (almost implied it was required) that I needed to book tickets on the ferry to Weizhou Dao in advance, so she helped me and called someone she knew in Beihai to reserve a ticket for me at 8:30 on Saturday morning.
I really didn’t know too much about Weizhou Dao, except that it was listed in Lonely Planet as a place to go. I did try to research it online, too, but couldn’t find too many pictures of the island. I found a few, though, and it was enough to convince me that it was worth going. Besides, Beihai honestly didn’t have too many places I was interested in seeing for two days.
So, I decided before the trip that I would come out and spend the night here on Weizhou Island. That turned out to be about the best decision I made for this trip, as it was much better than I was expecting from the lack of information I could find about the place.
I fell in love with this island. The ride across the Gulf of Tonkin takes a little over an hour on a high-speed boat. The cost is 150 RMB, which also includes admission to the island. The island is the remnants of a volcano, I believe, and is a reasonably circular island with a total area of 25-30 square kilometers. So…it’s small.
The port at Weizhou Dao is on the northwest corner of the island. The main city (that is to say the one place where there’s a main street running along the water for about 1 km) is called Nanwan (South Bay). To get around the island, you can either walk, rent a bike, or take a san lun che (tuk tuk). San lun che is the easiest. Depending on where you want to go on the island, it costs between 20 and 40 RMB to go from place to place. There are cars on the island, and people (though not many) do live here year-round, but for public transportation, those are your options, and they’re more than enough.
I think I paid 30 RMB to a guy to get me down to Nanwan. I hadn’t booked anything in advance (though I tried), so went to the first place that Lonely Planet mentioned: Piggybar. This was a very cheap place and as close to a dive as any place I’ve stayed in China.
This was the tropics in June, so the weather was sweltering. It turns out that I wouldn’t be alone in my room. I stopped counting how many cockroaches I killed somewhere after five or so. Big-sized suckers, too. But, that would be later in the day. At night, the electricity constantly cut out. This was only a slight annoyance because it would turn the air conditioner off. Sleeping wasn’t nearly as uncomfortable as I thought it would be. I also stopped counting how many times the power would go off. (It was never for more than 5 minutes, though.) I certainly don’t fault the Piggybar for this. The power apparently just goes out around Nanwan like that.
I did enjoy the main drag in Nanwan. There are a lot of neat little bars and restaurants (and what seemed like a much nicer hotel about midway along the road). I don’t remember the name of the place, but if I make it back there, I’d definitely stay at that place instead.
After I checked into my room in the morning, I took stock of things, thought the view in the south bay was pretty nice, and headed out for a walk towards the rest of the main drag. As this is an island, almost all restaurants have fresh seafood (which, for anyone who knows me, isn’t appealing…but seafood lovers would be in heaven here). I stopped at a restaurant and grabbed an early lunch of generic non-seafood Chinese food. It was so generic that it was forgettable. Maybe it was huntun, which is like a small dumpling soup. I really don’t remember.
While sitting there in the open-air shade enjoying the view of the sea, three college girls came along on bikes they rented and joined me. They, too, were from Guangdong if I remember correctly. I was beginning to think everyone was from Guangdong, but I know better than that. At any rate, they were friendly and we were talking about what to do around the island.
For me, the most interesting place to photograph was going to be the Catholic church. There are two churches on the island – one Catholic (founded by the French), one protestant (founded by Germans, I believe), both around 100 years old, if not a little older. Of the two, the Catholic church is the much more photogenic of the two, so that was what I was most looking forward to shooting, and that was the first place I was going to head via san lun che. It cost 40 RMB to get there. The girls had bikes, so I told them to try to get there – it was on the opposite side of the island…somewhere in the northeast part, but not on the water. They didn’t quite make it, but no worries. I saw them later, and they told me they did eventually get to it.
I wandered around the church and church grounds, and also the streets in front of it for an hour or so in the early afternoon. The church itself was quiet and peaceful and the street in front of it was lively with lots of vendors.
Besides the church, there are a lot of places with natural beauty on this island. As it’s created from a volcano, there are a lot of fascinating rock formations, but those tend to shoot best in lower light closer to sunrise or sunset. There’s even another small island nearby that you can apparently get boat rides to. While near the church, I was enjoying a map of the island with its scenic spots and their flowery names. I decided to go to one that they called Drippy Red Screen. (After all, who doesn’t want to see a screen that drips like blood?)
Really, it’s called that because it’s a dark-colored rock that, close to sunset, apparently turns a vibrant red. I figured, if this is a good place to see a sunset over the sea, I’m there. I left the church around 3:00, and paid a guy another 40 RMB to wheel me back across to the southwest corner of the island.
Though it was far from sunset, I was all too happy to go rent an umbrella and wooden beach chair for 30 RMB with a “front row view” of the sunset. This was vacation, after all, and what better way to spend it than relaxing next to a beach, people watching. At first, there weren’t too many people around. Just a few groups of entrepreneurs like these who took a little area of the beach and rented the umbrellas/chairs. There were also people who you could pay to take you around on jet skis and things like that. Other than that, just sit back, enjoy a drink, and watch boats drift by in seemingly slow motion. This was a good afternoon.
After a few hours, as it got closer to sunset, the tide started to roll out, though, and my front row view began to take more and more of a back seat. Not to umbrellas, but just to people crowding the view. During the 4 or so hours that I was at the beach here, I did manage to take a walk down the way to the Drippy (Not So) Red Screen closer to sunset to see that it wasn’t quite what they hyped it up to be. (That’s a shock…) I didn’t wander more because, as a lone traveler, I was worried they might sell my spot to someone else, even though I said I’d be back. They didn’t, though, and I returned to my umbrella for a few minutes more. There came a tipping point, though – before sunset – when I made the decision that the sunset wasn’t shaping up to be so spectacular that it would warrant being in this crowded an area, so I eventually abandoned hopes of getting jaw-dropping sunset pictures and made my way back to Nanwan before the rest of the crowd did the same. At least this san lun che would only cost 20 RMB, since Nanwan was barely a 10-15 minute ride away.
Back on Nanwan’s main drag, I had the driver drop me in front of the hotel, but I wasn’t ready to go in. I just wanted to walk along the main road there, and eventually discovered all of these unique indoor-outdoor bars. I stopped and had dinner (fried rice, if I remember) and a mango smoothie that was so good that I had a second one in this neat little restaurant where tourists write their memories on the walls.
After that, I continued down the road – all this as the sunset was turning the sky to a deep blue (and I was, after all, quite pleased with what I was able to see here) – and stopped at another bar for a drink. I had a mojito that was honestly forgettable. It tasted more like carbonated soda water than anything. Not seeing much to do besides drink myself into oblivion (which I don’t care to do), I went back out and enjoyed the last of the day’s light before walking back towards the Piggybar. On the way back, I bumped into my college friends from earlier, who told me they’d enjoyed the island, and they did get to the church after all. On the way back is when the first of the power “flickers” happened with electricity dropping on the island.
Without much to do in my hotel room, I tried to stay as comfortable as possible with the air conditioning that continued to go off. It wasn’t as hard to fall asleep as I imagined, and I fell asleep early, which also gave me an early start the next morning for sunrise over the bay.
After checking out of the hotel, still very early (around 8:00), I set off with my backpack and bag and started the walk uphill. My only goal for Sunday morning on the island was to go to the protestant church and photograph there before heading to the dock and making my way back to Beihai.
It was a nice little walk as the road away from Nanwan does a zigzag straight uphill to give a nice view of the town and bay. Also, like western Guangxi, Weizhou Dao’s “countryside” is nothing but banana farms, which was quite nice to see. I shot there a little bit and, when I tired of walking after an hour or so, flagged down a san lun che and paid 30 RMB for him to take me to the protestant church, then to the dock.
The protestant church, unlike the Catholic one, had a 10 RMB admission, and wasn’t nearly as interesting (for me, at least) as the more famous Catholic church. It was nice, however, and I was glad to see it as my “farewell” to the island. From there, I went to the dock and got a ticket for the first available boat back to Beihai.
I really enjoyed my day and night here on Weizhou Dao and was looking forward to one last, relaxing evening in Beihai before getting back to the daily tedium of Chengdu. But first, one more night to go…
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The MTA, the largest transportation network in North America, has launched a multilingual campaign encouraging its customers to fill out the 2020 Census so they can get counted as the Authority seeks billions of dollars in federal aid.
The people of Mauritius are multiethnic, multi-religious, multicultural and multilingual. The island's government is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system, and Mauritius is highly ranked for democracy and for economic and political freedom. Mauritius is categorised as "high" in the Human Development Index. According to the World Bank, the country has an upper-middle-income economy. Mauritius is ranked as the most competitive and one of the most developed economies in the African region. The country is a welfare state; the government provides free universal health care, free education up to tertiary level and free public transport for students, senior citizens, and the disabled. Mauritius was ranked among the safest or most peaceful countries by the Global Peace Index 2019.
《迷失表参道》是我很喜欢的一首歌——不论是张敬轩的原版、王菀之的翻唱版，还是他们的演唱会现场。
而这首歌的内容，是作者林夕描述自己多年后再访东京时的心态。
虽然很多人更喜欢前一句“当我没有命途，何以谓之迷路”，但后面的这一段，个人认为更符合这段时间自己的经历。
署名处之所以写林夕，而不是张、王，个人觉得是因为这篇歌词承载了太多林夕背后的故事，而张、王二人并没有在歌曲中将当中的情绪表露出来。
《迷失表參道》係我好中意嘅一首歌——無論係軒仔張敬軒嘅原版、王菀之嘅翻唱版，抑或二人嘅演唱會現場。
而呢首歌嘅內容，係作者林夕描述自己多年後再訪東京時嘅心態。
雖然好多人更中意前面一句“當我沒有命途，何以謂之迷路”，但後面嘅呢段，個人覺得更符合呢段時間自己嘅經歷。
而署名之所以寫林夕，而唔係張、王，係因為個人覺得呢篇歌詞承載咗太多林夕背後嘅故事，而張、王二人並冇喺歌曲中將當中嘅情緒表露出嚟。
Lost in Omotesando is one of my favourite songs -- including Hins Cheung's & Ivana Wong's version, from studio recordings to live gigs.
The lyric of this song is about the emotions and thoughts of Lin Xi (who's also the author of this lyric) re-visiting Tokyo.
Even many people like the line "當我沒有命途，何以謂之迷路 (What is lost if I have no track of life)", I personally still insist for this paragraph as the best because of my recent experience.
The reason I place Lin Xi instead of Hins or Ivana as the one whom being quoted from, is both of them didn't convey that strong emotion behind the lyrics much, in my opinion.
PS: There's no official English lyrics for this song, so I attempt to translate it when maintaining the rhymes in the original Cantonese lyrics.