Manufacturing_process photos on Flickr

Hypersonic Aircraft and Hypersonic Missiles, Scramjets, Turbine Based Combined Cycle - IO Aircraft by IO Aircraft

Drew Blair

www.linkedin.com/in/drew-b-25485312/

io aircraft, phantom express, phantom works, boeing phantom works, lockheed skunk works, hypersonic weapon, hypersonic missile, scramjet missile, scramjet engineering, scramjet physics, boost glide, tactical glide vehicle, Boeing XS-1, htv, Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon, (ARRW), hypersonic tactical vehicle, hypersonic plane, hypersonic aircraft, space plane, scramjet, turbine based combined cycle, ramjet, dual mode ramjet, darpa, onr, navair, afrl, air force research lab, defense science, missile defense agency, aerospike,

Advanced Additive Manufacturing for Hypersonic Aircraft

Utilizing new methods of fabrication and construction, make it possible to use additive manufacturing, dramatically reducing the time and costs of producing hypersonic platforms from missiles, aircraft, and space capable craft. Instead of aircraft being produced in piece, then bolted together; small platforms can be produced as a single unit and large platforms can be produces in large section and mated without bolting. These techniques include using exotic materials and advanced assembly processes, with an end result of streamlining the production costs and time for hypersonic aircraft; reducing months of assembly to weeks. Overall, this process greatly reduced the cost for producing hypersonic platforms. Even to such an extent that a Hellfire missile costs apx $100,000 but by utilizing our technologies, replacing it with a Mach 8-10 hypersonic missile of our physics/engineering and that missile would cost roughly $75,000 each delivered.

Materials used for these manufacturing processes are not disclosed, but overall, provides a foundation for extremely high stresses and thermodynamics, ideal for hypersonic platforms. This specific methodology and materials applications is many decades ahead of all known programs. Even to the extend of normalized space flight and re-entry, without concern of thermodynamic failure.

*Note, most entities that are experimenting with additive manufacturing for hypersonic aircraft, this makes it mainstream and standardized processes, which also applies for mass production.

What would normally be measured in years and perhaps a decade to go from drawing board to test flights, is reduced to singular months and ready for production within a year maximum.

Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle (U-TBCC)

To date, the closest that NASA and industry have achieved for turbine based aircraft to fly at hypersonic velocities is by mounting a turbine into an aircraft and sharing the inlet with a scramjet or rocket based motor. Reaction Engines Sabre is not able to achieve hypersonic velocities and can only transition into a non air breathing rocket for beyond Mach 4.5

However, utilizing Unified Turbine Based Combine Cycle also known as U-TBCC, the two separate platforms are able to share a common inlet and the dual mode ramjet/scramjet is contained within the engine itself, which allows for a much smaller airframe footprint, thus engingeers are able to then design much higher performance aerial platforms for hypersonic flight, including the ability for constructing true single stage to orbit aircraft by utilizing a modification/version that allows for transition to outside atmosphere propulsion without any other propulsion platforms within the aircraft. By transitioning and developing aircraft to use Unified Turbine Based Combined Cycle, this propulsion system opens up new options to replace that airframe deficit for increased fuel capacity and/or payload.

Enhanced Dynamic Cavitation

Dramatically Increasing the efficiency of fuel air mixture for combustion processes at hypersonic velocities within scramjet propulsion platforms. The aspects of these processes are non disclosable.

Dynamic Scramjet Ignition Processes

For optimal scramjet ignition, a process known as Self Start is sought after, but in many cases if the platform becomes out of attitude, the scramjet will ignite. We have already solved this problem which as a result, a scramjet propulsion system can ignite at lower velocities, high velocities, at optimal attitude or not optimal attitude. It doesn't matter, it will ignite anyways at the proper point for maximum thrust capabilities at hypersonic velocities.

Hydrogen vs Kerosene Fuel Sources

Kerosene is an easy fuel to work with, and most western nations developing scramjet platforms use Kerosene for that fact. However, while kerosene has better thermal properties then Hydrogen, Hydrogen is a far superior fuel source in scramjet propulsion flight, do it having a much higher efficiency capability. Because of this aspect, in conjunction with our developments, it allows for a MUCH increased fuel to air mixture, combustion, thrust; and ability for higher speeds; instead of very low hypersonic velocities in the Mach 5-6 range. Instead, Mach 8-10 range, while we have begun developing hypersonic capabilities to exceed 15 in atmosphere within less then 5 years.

Conforming High Pressure Tank Technology for CNG and H2.

As most know in hypersonics, Hydrogen is a superior fuel source, but due to the storage abilities, can only be stored in cylinders thus much less fuel supply. Not anymore, we developed conforming high pressure storage technology for use in aerospace, automotive sectors, maritime, etc; which means any overall shape required for 8,000+ PSI CNG or Hydrogen. For hypersonic platforms, this means the ability to store a much larger volume of hydrogen vs cylinders.

As an example, X-43 flown by Nasa which flew at Mach 9.97. The fuel source was Hydrogen, which is extremely more volatile and combustible then kerosene (JP-7), via a cylinder in the main body. If it had used our technology, that entire section of the airframe would had been an 8,000 PSI H2 tank, which would had yielded 5-6 times the capacity. While the X-43 flew 11 seconds under power at Mach 9.97, at 6 times the fuel capacity would had yielded apx 66 seconds of fuel under power at Mach 9.97. If it had flew slower, around Mach 6, same principles applied would had yielded apx 500 seconds of fuel supply under power (slower speeds required less energy to maintain).

Enhanced Fuel Mixture During Shock Train Interaction

Normally, fuel injection is conducted at the correct insertion point within the shock train for maximum burn/combustion. Our methodologies differ, since almost half the fuel injection is conducted PRE shock train within the isolator, so at the point of isolator injection the fuel enhances the combustion process, which then requires less fuel injection to reach the same level of thrust capabilities.

Improved Bow Shock Interaction

Smoother interaction at hypersonic velocities and mitigating heat/stresses for beyond Mach 6 thermodynamics, which extraordinarily improves Type 3, 4, and 5 shock interaction.

6,000+ Fahrenheit Thermal Resistance

To date, the maximum thermal resistance was tested at AFRL in the spring of 2018, which resulted in a 3,200F thermal resistance for a short duration. This technology, allows for normalized hypersonic thermal resistance of 3,000-3,500F sustained, and up to 6,500F resistance for short endurance, ie 90 seconds or less. 10-20 minute resistance estimate approximately 4,500F +/- 200F.

*** This technology advancement also applies to Aerospike rocket engines, in which it is common for Aerospike's to exceed 4,500-5,000F temperatures, which results in the melting of the reversed bell housing. That melting no longer ocurrs, providing for stable combustion to ocurr for the entire flight envelope

Scramjet Propulsion Side Wall Cooling

With old technologies, side wall cooling is required for hypersonic flight and scramjet propulsion systems, otherwise the isolator and combustion regions of a scramjet would melt, even using advanced ablatives and ceramics, due to their inability to cope with very high temperatures. Using technology we have developed for very high thermodynamics and high stresses, side wall cooling is no longer required, thus removing that variable from the design process and focusing on improved ignition processes and increasing net thrust values.

Lower Threshold for Hypersonic Ignition

Active and adaptive flight dynamics, resulting in the ability for scramjet ignition at a much lower velocity, ie within ramjet envelope, between Mach 2-4, and seamless transition from supersonic to hypersonic flight, ie supersonic ramjet (scramjet). This active and dynamic aspect, has a wide variety of parameters for many flight dynamics, velocities, and altitudes; which means platforms no longer need to be engineered for specific altitude ranges or preset velocities, but those parameters can then be selected during launch configuration and are able to adapt actively in flight.

Dramatically Improved Maneuvering Capabilities at Hypersonic Velocities

Hypersonic vehicles, like their less technologically advanced brethren, use large actuator and the developers hope those controls surfaces do not disintegrate in flight. In reality, it is like rolling the dice, they may or may not survive, hence another reason why the attempt to keep velocities to Mach 6 or below. We have shrunken down control actuators while almost doubling torque and response capabilities specifically for hypersonic dynamics and extreme stresses involved, which makes it possible for maximum input authority for Mach 10 and beyond.

Paradigm Shift in Control Surface Methodologies, Increasing Control Authority (Internal Mechanical Applications)

To date, most control surfaces for hypersonic missile platforms still use fins, similar to lower speed conventional missiles, and some using ducted fins. This is mostly due to lack of comprehension of hypersonic velocities in their own favor. Instead, the body itself incorporates those control surfaces, greatly enhancing the airframe strength, opening up more space for hardware and fuel capacity; while simultaneously enhancing the platforms maneuvering capabilities.

A scramjet missile can then fly like conventional missile platforms, and not straight and level at high altitudes, losing velocity on it's decent trajectory to target. Another added benefit to this aspect, is the ability to extend range greatly, so if anyone elses hypersonic missile platform were developed for 400 mile range, falling out of the sky due to lack of glide capabilities; our platforms can easily reach 600+ miles, with minimal glide deceleration.

061123_NAE_John Allison_08 by Michigan Engineering

John Allison is William F. Hosford Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Michigan and a National Academy of Engineering member.

His major research interest is in understanding the inter-relationships between processing, alloying, microstructure and properties in metallic materials – and in incorporating this knowledge into computational tools for use in research, education and engineering. An important part of his research is development of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) tools – and thus collaborations with other computational and experimental groups are an essential element of my work. Central to my research are investigations on the evolution of microstructures - current examples include precipitate evolution, recrystallization and grain growth and texture development in magnesium, aluminum and titanium alloys. He is also interested in mechanical behavior of these materials, with an emphasis on development of mechanistic and phenomenological understanding of the influence of microstructure on properties such as strength, ductility and fatigue resistance.

Allison comes to the University from Ford Motor Company, where he was a senior technical leader in the Research and Advanced Engineering organization. Over the twenty seven years of his tenure at Ford, he led teams developing integrated computational materials engineering, or ICME, methods. He helped develop advanced computer software that simulates manufacturing processes and predicts the influence of the manufacturing process on material properties. The output of these models is then coupled with product performance models to predict how manufactured components will behave during service.

July 11, 2023.

Photo by Marcin Szczepanski/Lead Multimedia Storyteller, Michigan Engineering

Manufacturing process of BIZEN Ware DAIKURA items #daikura #bizenware #pottery #bizen #bizenyaki #japan #woodfire #samurai #tableware #ambiente #備前焼 by daikura ogawa

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Chiming developed the Incandescent bulbs leaders of Taiwan LED Festoon bulb, we are still producing incandescent filament light bulb Festoon, the quality of the praise around the world, we have an open mind to seriously deal with each manufacturing proces by xpeledming

Gondolier in Venice - Ravensburger - 2000 pcs by Karen Wade

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The box had a duplicate of one piece and was missing one piece. I would like to know how that can happen. I just don't know enough about the manufacturing process. I wrote to Ravensburger and hope to receive a replacement puzzle soon.

Differences between Plastic Manufacturing Processes by Pangea tech

What are the differences between Plastic Manufacturing Processes? Please visit the website www.pangeatech.us/, There are different methods of manufacturing plastic. The most common methods are the following – Injection molding, Blow molding, Vacuum casting, Plastic extrusion, Rotational molding, Thermoforming and Compression molding. For better results, watch the Video.

Visit to Phong Samoeun, a Latrine Business Owner and his wife Thon Vantha (who is the responsible for the accounting) and team who produces interlock bricks, including passing through his manufacturing site at Srama village, Prey Pnov commune, Pea Reang d by Water for Women

Latrine Business Owner and manufacturing process in Prey Veng

Automatic Wire Stripping Machine (DCS-230) by rice zheng

Automatic Wire Stripping Machine (DCS-230) from hiprecise.en.made-in-china.com/product/dvFJUNaECthM/China...

სამეცნიერო-ტექნიკურ ცენტრ ,,დელტაში’’ 6000 ადამიანია დასაქმებული by Ministry of Defence of Georgia

სამხედრო სამეცნიერო-ტექნიკური ცენტრი ,,დელტა’’ 2005 წელს პრეზიდენტის ბრძანებულების საფუძველზე შეიქმნა. დღესდღეობით, საწარმოში 6000 ადამიანია დასაქმებული, რომელთა საშუალო ხელფასი 1000 ლარზე მეტია. ,,დელტას’’ თანამშრომლები სხვადასხვა სოციალური ბენეფიტებით სარგებლობენ.

,,დელტაში’’ გაერთიანებულია რამდენიმე მსხვილი საწარმო, მათ შორის ,,თბილავიამშენი’’, რომელიც ქართულ იარაღსა და საბრძოლო ტექნიკას აწარმოებს. საწარმოში 15-მდე სახეობის იარაღი და სამხედრო აღჭურვილობა მზადდება.

,,დელტაში’’ იწარმოება საქართველოს შეიარაღებული ძალების სიამაყე მუხლუხებიანი ქვეითთა საბრძოლო მანქანა ,,ლაზიკა’’. მხოლოდ ,,ლაზიკას’’ წარმოებაზე ასამდე სპეციალისტია დასაქმებული. მთლიანობაში, ქართული იარაღისა და ტექნიკის წარმოებაზე 1500 ადამიანი მუშაობს.

,,დელტაშია’’ ასევე დამზადებული ჯავშანმანქანა ,,დიდგორი’’, ზალპური ცეცხლის რეაქტიული სისტემა და უპილოტო საჰაერო აპარატი.

იარაღისა და სამხედრო ტექნიკის წარმოების დაწყებამდე, ტარდება კვლევები და ნიმუშების მეცნიერულ დონეზე დამუშვება ხდება. ,,დელტაში’’ გაერთიანებულია 6 სამეცნიერო-კვლევითი ინსტიტუტი, სადაც სამოქალაქო და სამხედრო კვლევები მიმდინარეობს. ფიზიკის, მანქანათა მექანიკის, სამთო, მეტალურგიის, ოპტიკისა და ნანოტექნოლოგიების ინსტიტუტებში დასაქმებულ 400-ზე მეტ მეცნიერს საკუთარი წვლილი შეაქვს ქართული იარაღის წარმოების განვითარებაში.

როგორც ,,დელტაში’’ იარაღის წარმოებაზე დასაქმებული ადამიანები აცხადებენ, მათთვის დიდი პატივია საკუთარი წვლილი შეიტანონ ქვეყნის შეიარაღებული ძალების განვითარების პროცესში და ამავდროულად, საკუთარი საქმიანობით სარგებელი მოუტანონ ოჯახებს.

Military Scientific-Technical Centre “Delta” of Ministry of Defence was established in 2005 on the basis of the Decree of the Georgian president. Currently, the number of enterprise personnel is 6000, whose average salary amounts to over GEL 1000. “Delta” employees also enjoy different social benefits.

“Delta” incorporates several large enterprises, including “Tbilaviamsheni”, which manufactures Georgian armament and combat technique. The enterprise works on production of around 15 series of weaponry and military equipment.

“Delta” produces the tracked infantry fighting vehicle “Lazika”, which is the Georgian pride. 100 specialists are employed in “Lazika”`s manufacturing process. In total, 1500 personnel are involved in the production of the Georgian armament.

The other Georgian armament- multiple rocket launcher system, armored infantry vehicle “Didgori” and unmanned aerial system are also the products of “Delta”.

Before launching production of weaponry and military technique, scientific researches and processing of models are conducted in the enterprise. “Delta” incorporates 6 scientific-research institutes, which carry out civil-military research activities. More than 400 scientists working in the institutes of Physics, Auto Mechanic, Mines, Metallurgy, Optics and Nanotechnology provide their share of contribution in the national military industry development.

According to the “Delta” employees, it is a great honor for them to take part in the development of armed forces and to bring benefit to the Georgian families by their activities.

Springs by Guri Venstad

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IMG_3285 by Tyrone

At the Cup Noodles Museum, you can learn the secret of cup noodle and even have the opportunity to make one-of-a-kind ramen yourself.

Japanese food company Nissin operates this unique museum for Ramen.

The museum shows the 40 year product history as well as the founder, Mr. Ando Momofuku's creativity, by exhibiting 3,000 kinds of cup noodle packages.

They also recreate Mr. Ando Momofuku's humble research facility.

At "My Cup Noodle Factory," you can make your own cup noodle out of 5,460 soup base / topping combinations.

There is also "Cup Noodles Park", a playground for kids where they can experience the manufacturing process of Cup Noodle.

There is a "Chicken Ramen Factory" where you can make Chicken Ramen by hand, starting with kneading, spreading, and steaming the wheat flour and then drying it with the hot oil drying method. After experiencing the process that led to the invention of the world's first instant ramen, you can take your freshly made ramen with you and enjoy its delicious taste at home.

And of course you can enjoy global varieties of noodles in the contemporarily designed museum restaurant!

Biryani Pouch by Ashwin kumar

We, Ashwin Plastics, initiated our momentous lifework as producers and suppliers of plastic packaging products such as Laminated Pouches, Laminated Rolls, BOPP bags, BOPP rolls, HM bags and Rolls, PP Bags and Rolls etc. Offer diverse range of packaging products to meet varied requirements. Follow high quality parameters in business operation, manufacturing process and client servicing. Very particular about not using plastics and laminates that are safe and non-hazardous

www.plasticpackagingsolutions.com

IMG_3435 by Tyrone