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A Feira de Artesanato do Eldorado voltou a atuar em seu local de origem nesta quarta-feira, (22/12), dia que a edição de Natal do empreendimento teve início. O retorno está surpreendendo os comerciantes e trazendo à população o sentimento de que o futuro em Contagem será mais positivo.
A feira extra foi aberta nesta manhã e funcionará em horário especial também nesta quinta e sexta-feira (23 e 24 de dezembro), das 8h às 16h. Nos dias 30 e 31, ela retorna para a edição de ano novo. As barracas estão alocadas na avenida José Faria da Rocha e nas ruas Inglaterra e Norberto Mayer, pontos tradicionais da feirinha e que passarão a ser fixos nos finais de semana de 2022.
O primeiro dia da feira extra, em novo local, está surpreendendo a expositora Cristina Fernandes, que comercializa cachorro-quente na feirinha. “Estamos com um movimento acima do esperado, com muitas vendas. Agradeço o apoio da Prefeitura para realizarmos esta feira extra. Depois de ficarmos parados tantos meses por causa da pandemia, está sendo muito importante ter essa edição de Natal, porque muitas famílias aqui dependem deste trabalho para se sustentar, então está representando muito para nós comerciantes”, destacou.
Produtora de roupas femininas, Sara Chagas também está com boa expectativa para aumentar o faturamento neste fim de ano. Ela pontuou o quanto a edição extra da feira ajuda os profissionais autônomos a começarem o próximo ano com mais tranquilidade.
“O movimento até aqui está um pouco melhor que anos anteriores à pandemia. As pessoas estão com vontade de sair, de ter roupa nova, de se renovar, o fluxo está alto. Esperamos acabar com o estoque, porque produzimos muito para o Natal e ano novo. Essa feira é muito importante para iniciarmos o próximo ano, que costuma ter uma queda nas vendas, então, nos ajuda a retomar com mais tranquilidade”, projetou.
Retorno às origens
Além de impulsionar a economia local, após um ano impactado pela pandemia, a feira extra de Natal marca também a volta da Feira do Eldorado para o ponto onde ela se tornou tradicional e tombada como patrimônio cultural de Contagem. Este retorno é comemorado por comerciantes e pelos frequentadores, como o morador do bairro, João Paulo Silva, que resgatou boas memórias ao pisar nas ruas onde a feira está instalada.
“Senti uma sensação boa, de lembrança do passado, com essa feira cheia de pessoas, o cheiro bom da comida, um tempo bom antes dessa pandemia. Estou torcendo para que seja um sinal do céu”, declarou.
O gerente da Feira de Artesanato do Eldorado, Carlos Henrique da Paixão, também avaliou o retorno ao local como positivo e festejou a aceitação do público, bem como dos feirantes, que, em maioria, segundo ele, têm a avenida José Faria da Rocha como preferida para a atuação do centro de compras.
“Estamos impressionados com o movimento e o comportamento de todos, está tudo fluindo bem e a expectativa é melhorar até o fim desta edição extra. Tudo que os feirantes queriam era trabalhar, então este retorno ao local de origem é muito positivo, a maioria queria que a feira tivesse permanecido na (avenida) José Faria da Rocha. Tem sido uma retomada agradável e acreditamos que a população também vai abraçar a feira”, afirmou.
Entre um atendimento e outro, Cristina frisou a tradição que a feirinha carrega neste corredor que contorna o bairro Eldorado. “Eu acho que a feira tem muita tradição aqui na José Faria, então nós gostamos muito, ficamos mais próximos da população, todos mais unidos, o ambiente está ótimo, organizado, e acreditamos que vai ser um sucesso até o final”, concluiu.
A feira extra do Eldorado conta com 874 barracas de sete segmentos: decoração, vestuário adulto, vestuário infantil, bijuteria, couro, alimentação e hortifruti.
Local girl lights one of the 21 Cannons with guidance of Borough Bombardier John Matthews to help celebrate Queen Elizabeth II 85th Birthday on the Long Walk in Windsor on 21 April 2011. Royal Borough's cannon tribute on Queen's 85th birthday. Copyright © by Scott A. McNealy Photographer. www.noboundaryphotography.co.uk
As i approached this house i was hoping to get some photos of this guy, and luckily he was close to the side walk. i have no zoom on my camera so today was ideal to get some close ups.
But then there are siblings that want to share the warmth. Four heads and a fifth bottom all in this photo!
April 27, 2013; Eagle, Idaho USA: XXXX at the 43rd Annual Ignitor Nitro Opener at Firebird Raceway in Eagle, Idaho. Mandatory Credit: Brian Losness/ Nitrophoto
Photo courtesy of: Christine A. Smyczynski,
Woolly Lamb, More details on Wcities.com. This old-fashioned yarn shop is stocked with a variety of yarns, including popular brands, such as Noro, Araucania, Sublime, Elsbeth Lavold, Berroco, Ella Rae, Schaefer, Jo Sharp, Plymouth, Debbie Bliss, and brown sheep. They also carry a variety of specialty yarns to use for felting, making socks, and other projects. Naturally, they have all sorts of knitting supplies, like wooden, bamboo, handmade, and circular needles, buttons, ball winders, and knitting bags. They also stock knitting patterns, books, and magazines, as well as shirts, bags, and hats embroidered with the Woolly Lamb logo. Classes are offered, from beginner to advanced. - Christine A. Smyczynski
On June 4, 2010, the Rancho Cucamonga Library celebrated the rich local history of our city by having a Local History Cultural Arts Night.
The focus of the event was to debut our digital storytelling project, which was funded by a grant by the California State Library and Library Foundation. In addition to our stories, we also featured the first *and* current mayors of Rancho Cucamonga, exhibits and displays from local historical societies, a vintage fire truck, California history-related programs and crafts for children, and local authors from Rancho Cucamonga. We also opened our new Local History room as well.
All in all, a great event!
ENGLISH: A local bathes amidst the waters of a myriad fishing boats.
PORTUGUÊS: Nativo banhando-se entre a miríade de barcos de pesca.
Local chapter hosts MGA Club’s 39th annual meet in Ottawa at The Canadian Museum of Science and Technology on Wednesday July 16, 2014
TWU Local 208 stormed the Columbus, Ohio capitol building to defend jobs against driverless bus technology, which would take away driver and mechanic jobs from TWU members. TWU Local 208 President Andrew Jordan gave vital testimony to the transportation committee on behalf of TWU members who showed up in full force at the hearing and to lobby legislators. TWU will not be silenced. #unitedinvincible
I took this picture a couple of weeks ago and wasn't going to post it. But when I looked at several other bunny pictures, I saw that this one was a little different from the other ones I had been seeing....so here it is.
The Postcard
A postally unused postcard that was published in 2007 by the Trustees of the British Museum. The card was printed in China.
On the back of the card it states:
Museum of the Terracotta Warriors
and Horses of Emperor Qin Shihuang,
Lintong.'
The First Emperor of China controlled a vast territory, and wielded enormous power. He summoned 700,000 men to build his tomb and other structures.
These were designed to reproduce the First Emperor's empire underground for eternity.
These perfectly executed, life-size sculptures, some over 190cm in height, were an early feat of mass production: a small and quite limited repertoire of body parts were joined together in a multitude of combinations, with details worked by hand afterwards.
The Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. It is a form of funerary art buried with the emperor in 210–209 BCE with the purpose of protecting the emperor in his afterlife.
The figures, dating from approximately the late third century BCE, were discovered in 1974 by local farmers in Lintong County, outside Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
The figures vary in height according to their roles, the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots and horses.
Estimates from 2007 were that the three pits containing the Terracotta Army held more than 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which remained buried in the pits near Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum.
Other terracotta non-military figures were found in other pits, including officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians.
History of the Terracotta Army
The construction of the tomb was described by historian Sima Qian (145–90 BCE) in Records of the Grand Historian, the first of China's 24 dynastic histories, which was written a century after the mausoleum's completion.
Work on the mausoleum began in 246 BCE soon after Emperor Qin (then aged 13) ascended the throne, and the project eventually involved 700,000 conscripted workers.
Geographer Li Daoyuan, writing six centuries after the first emperor's death, recorded in Shui Jing Zhu that Mount Li was a favoured location due to its auspicious geology:
"Famed for its jade mines, its northern side was
rich in gold, and its southern side rich in beautiful
jade; the first emperor, covetous of its fine reputation,
therefore chose to be buried there".
Sima Qian wrote that the first emperor was buried with palaces, towers, officials, valuable artifacts and wondrous objects. According to this account, 100 flowing rivers were simulated using mercury, and above them the ceiling was decorated with heavenly bodies, below which were the features of the land.
Some translations of this passage refer to "models" or "imitations"; however, those words were not used in the original text, which makes no mention of the terracotta army. High levels of mercury were found in the soil of the tomb mound, giving credence to Sima Qian's account.
Later historical accounts suggested that the complex and tomb itself had been looted by Xiang Yu, a contender for the throne after the death of the first emperor. However, there are indications that the tomb itself may not have been plundered.
Discovery of the Terracotta Army
The Terracotta Army was discovered on the 29th. March 1974 by a group of farmers—Yang Zhifa, his five brothers, and neighbour Wang Puzhi—who were digging a well approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the Qin Emperor's tomb mound at Mount Li (Lishan), a region riddled with underground springs and watercourses.
For centuries, occasional reports mentioned pieces of terracotta figures and fragments of the Qin necropolis – roofing tiles, bricks and chunks of masonry. The farmers' discovery prompted Chinese archaeologists, including Zhao Kangmin, to investigate, revealing the largest pottery figurine group ever found.
A museum complex has since been constructed over the area, the largest pit being enclosed by a roofed structure.
The Necropolis
The Terracotta Army is part of a much larger necropolis. Ground-penetrating radar and core sampling have measured the area to be approximately 98 square kilometers (38 square miles).
The necropolis was constructed as a microcosm of the emperor's imperial palace or compound, and covers a large area around the tomb mound of the first emperor.
The earthen tomb mound is located at the foot of Mount Li and built in a pyramidal shape, and is surrounded by two solidly built rammed earth walls with gateway entrances. The necropolis consists of several offices, halls, stables, and other structures as well as an imperial park placed around the tomb mound.
The warriors stand guard to the east of the tomb. Up to 5 metres of reddish, sandy soil had accumulated over the site in the two millennia following its construction, but archaeologists found evidence of earlier disturbances at the site.
During the excavations near the Mount Li burial mound, archaeologists found several graves dating from the 18th. and 19th. centuries, where diggers had apparently struck terracotta fragments. These were discarded as worthless and used along with soil to backfill the excavations.
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
The tomb appears to be a hermetically sealed space roughly the size of a football pitch (c. 100 × 75 m). The tomb remains unopened, possibly due to concerns over the preservation of its artifacts. For example, after the excavation of the Terracotta Army, the painted surface present on some terracotta figures began to flake and fade. The lacquer covering the paint can curl in fifteen seconds once exposed to Xi'an's dry air, and can flake off in just four minutes.
The Pits at the Excavation Site
Four main pits approximately 7 metres (23 ft) deep have been excavated. These are located approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the burial mound. The soldiers within were laid out as if to protect the tomb from the east, where the Qin Emperor's conquered states lay.
-- Pit 1
Pit 1, which is 230 metres (750 ft) long and 62 metres (203 ft) wide, contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures. Pit 1 has eleven corridors, most more than 3 metres (10 ft) wide and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts.
This design was also used for the tombs of nobles and would have resembled palace hallways when built. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more soil raising them about 2 to 3 metres (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) above the surrounding ground level when completed.
-- Pit 2
Pit 2 has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots, and is thought to represent a military guard.
-- Pit 3
Pit 3 is the command post, with high-ranking officers and a war chariot.
-- Pit 4
Pit 4 is empty, perhaps left unfinished by its builders.
Some of the figures in Pits 1 and 2 show fire damage, while remains of burnt ceiling rafters have also been found. These, together with the missing weapons, have been taken as evidence of the reported looting by Xiang Yu and the subsequent burning of the site, which is thought to have caused the roof to collapse and crush the army figures below.
The terracotta figures currently on display have been restored from the fragments.
Additional Pits
Other pits that formed the necropolis have also been excavated. These pits lie within and outside the walls surrounding the tomb mound. They variously contain bronze carriages, terracotta figures of entertainers such as acrobats and strongmen, officials, stone armour suits, burial sites of horses, rare animals and labourers, as well as bronze cranes and ducks set in an underground park.
The Warrior Figures
The terracotta figures are life-sized, typically ranging from 175 cm (5.74 ft) to about 200 cm (6.6 ft) (the officers are typically taller). They vary in height, uniform, and hairstyle in accordance with rank.
Their faces appear to be different for each individual figure; scholars, however, have identified 10 basic face shapes. The figures are of these general types: armored infantry; unarmored infantry; cavalrymen who wear a pillbox hat; helmeted drivers of chariots with more armor protection; spear-carrying charioteers; kneeling crossbowmen or archers who are armored; standing archers who are not; as well as generals and other lower-ranking officers.
There are, however, many variations in the uniforms within the ranks: for example, some may wear shin pads while others not; they may wear either long or short trousers, some of which may be padded; and their body armors vary depending on rank, function, and position in formation.
There are also terracotta horses placed among the warrior figures.
Pigments Used on the Terracotta Warriors
Originally, the figures were painted with: ground precious stones, intensely fired bones (white), pigments of iron oxide (dark red), cinnabar (red), malachite (green), azurite (blue), charcoal (black), cinnabar barium copper silicate mix (Chinese purple or Han purple), tree sap from a nearby source, (more than likely from the Chinese lacquer tree) (brown).
Other colors used included pink, lilac, red, white, and one unidentified color. The colored lacquer finish and individual facial features would have given the figures a realistic feel, with eyebrows and facial hair in black and the faces done in pink.
However, in Xi'an's dry climate, much of the color coating would flake off in less than four minutes after removing the mud surrounding the army.
Some scholars have speculated a possible Hellenistic link to these sculptures, because of the lack of life-sized and realistic sculptures before the Qin dynasty. They argued that potential Greek influence is particularly evident in some of the terracotta figures such as those of acrobats, combined with rare bronze artifacts made with a lost wax technique known in Greece and Egypt.
However, this idea is disputed by scholars who claim that there is "no substantial evidence at all" for contact between ancient Greeks and Chinese builders of the tomb, and the bases of such speculation are often imprecise or false interpretation of source materials or far-fetched conjectures.
They argue that such speculations rest on flawed and old "Eurocentric" ideas that assumed other civilizations were incapable of sophisticated artistry and thus foreign artistry must be seen through Western traditions.
Fabrication of the Terracotta Army
The terracotta army figures were manufactured in workshops by government laborers and local craftsmen using local materials.
Heads, arms, legs, and torsos were created separately and then assembled by luting the pieces together. When completed, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.
The faces were created using molds, and at least ten face molds may have been used. Clay was then added after assembly to provide individual facial features to make each figure appear different.
It is believed that the warriors' legs were made in much the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were manufactured at the time. This would classify the process as assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting a figure as one solid piece and subsequently firing it.
In those times of tight imperial control, each workshop was required to inscribe its name on items produced to ensure quality control. This has aided modern historians in verifying which workshops were commandeered to make tiles and other mundane items for the terracotta army.
Weaponry
Most of the figures originally held real weapons, which would have increased their realism. The majority of these weapons were looted shortly after the creation of the army or have rotted away.
Despite this, over 40,000 bronze items of weaponry have been recovered, including swords, daggers, spears, lances, battle-axes, scimitars, shields, crossbows, and crossbow triggers.
Most of the recovered items are arrowheads, which are usually found in bundles of 100 units. Studies of these arrowheads suggests that they were produced by self-sufficient, autonomous workshops using a process referred to as cellular production or Toyotism. Some weapons were coated with a 10–15 micrometer layer of chromium dioxide before burial that was believed to have protected them from any form of decay for the last 2200 years.
However, research in 2019 indicated that the chromium was merely contamination from nearby lacquer, not a means of protecting the weapons. The slightly alkaline pH and small particle size of the burial soil most likely preserved the weapons.
The swords contain an alloy of copper, tin, and other elements including nickel, magnesium, and cobalt. Some carry inscriptions that date their manufacture to between 245 and 228 BCE, indicating that they were used before burial.
Scientific Research
In 2007, scientists at Stanford University and the Advanced Light Source facility in Berkeley, California, reported that powder diffraction experiments combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the process of producing terracotta figures colored with Chinese purple dye consisting of barium copper silicate was derived from the knowledge gained by Taoist alchemists in their attempts to synthesize jade ornaments.
Since 2006, an international team of researchers at the UCL Institute of Archaeology have been using analytical chemistry techniques to uncover more details about the production techniques employed in the creation of the Terracotta Army.
Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of 40,000 bronze arrowheads bundled in groups of 100, the researchers reported that the arrowheads within a single bundle formed a relatively tight cluster that was different to other bundles. In addition, the presence or absence of metal impurities was consistent within bundles.
Based on the arrows’ chemical compositions, the researchers concluded that a cellular manufacturing system similar to the one used in a modern Toyota factory, as opposed to a continuous assembly line in the early days of the automobile industry, was employed.
Grinding and polishing marks visible under a scanning electron microscope provide evidence for the earliest industrial use of lathes for polishing.
Terracotta Warrior Exhibitions
The first exhibition of the figures outside of China was held at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne in 1982.
A collection of 120 objects from the mausoleum and 12 terracotta warriors were displayed at the British Museum in London as its special exhibition "The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army" from 13 September 2007 to April 2008.
This exhibition made 2008 the British Museum's most successful year, and made the British Museum the UK's top cultural attraction between 2007 and 2008. The exhibition brought the most visitors to the museum since the King Tutankhamun exhibition in 1972. The 400,000 advance tickets sold out so fast that the museum extended its opening hours until midnight.
Many people had to be turned away, despite the extended hours. During the day of events to mark the Chinese New Year, the crush was so intense that the gates to the museum had to be shut.
The Terracotta Army has been described as the only other set of historic artifacts (along with the remnants from the wreck of the Titanic) that can draw a crowd by the name alone.
Warriors and other artifacts were exhibited to the public at the Forum de Barcelona in Barcelona between May and September 2004. It was their most successful exhibition ever.
The same exhibition was presented at the Fundación Canal de Isabel II in Madrid between October 2004 and January 2005, their most successful ever.
From December 2009 to May 2010, the exhibition was shown in the Centro Cultural La Moneda in Santiago de Chile.
The exhibition traveled to North America and visited museums such as the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, Bowers Museum in Santa Ana, California, Houston Museum of Natural Science, High Museum of Art in Atlanta, National Geographic Society Museum in Washington, D.C. and the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto.
Subsequently, the exhibition traveled to Sweden and was hosted in the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities between August 2010 and January 2011.
An exhibition entitled 'The First Emperor – China's Entombed Warriors', presenting 120 artifacts was hosted at the Art Gallery of New South Wales, between December 2010 and March 2011.
An exhibition entitled "The Warrior-Emperor of China and his Terracotta Army, featuring artifacts including statues from the mausoleum, was hosted by the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts from February 2011 to June 2011.
In Italy, from July 2008 to November 2008, five of the warriors of the terracotta army were displayed in Turin at the Museum of Antiquities, and from April 2010 to September 2010 nine warriors were exhibited in Milan, at the Royal Palace, at the exhibition entitled "The Two Empires". The group consisted of a horse, a counselor, an archer and six lancers.
The "Treasures of Ancient China" exhibition, showcasing two terracotta soldiers and other artifacts, including the Longmen Grottoes Buddhist statues, was held between February 2011 and November 2011 in four locations in India.
Soldiers and related items were on display from March 2013 to November 2013 at the Historical Museum of Bern.
Several Terracotta Army figures were on display, along with many other objects, in an exhibit entitled "Age of Empires: Chinese Art of the Qin and Han Dynasties" at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City from April to July 2017.
An exhibition featuring ten Terracotta Army figures and other artifacts, "Terracotta Warriors of the First Emperor," was on display at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle, Washington, from April 2017 to September 2017 before traveling to The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to be exhibited from September 2017 to March 2018 with the addition of augmented reality.
An exhibition entitled "China's First Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors" was at the World Museum in Liverpool from February 2018 to October 2018. This was the first time in more than 10 years that the warriors had travelled to the UK.
An exhibition tour of 120 real-size replicas of terracotta statues was displayed in the German cities of Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Oberhof, Berlin and Nuremberg between 2003 and 2004.
two of wonderful horses from a local riding stable
,,all ways in the best of condition
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A local in colourful traditional dress paddles his boat in the floating village on lake Tonle Sap near Siam reap, Cambodia.. This was my "National Geographic" shot of the day.
Peggy Barmore Assistant to the President. New Local Presidents Conference 2013, Monday June 24, 2013 at NYSUT Headquarters, Latham, NY. Photo by Katherine Van Acker
Here is the burner setup I use. I got the burners from my local ceramic supply store called Ceramic Store Inc. I bought the rest at a local propne supply company. They had never dealt with a potter before. I just told them what I needed, and they made up for me on the spot. Since then, they have helped build the burner kits for 5 or 6 potter friends. Their name is Green's Blue Flame. I used a high pressure regulator to connect to the 100 pound tanks. There is a burner systems for both tanks that I have. I only use 1 tank for bisqueing and two for a cone 10 firing. I use a Ransome burner on the business end. Ward Burner's supplied the orifice inside the burner. They will size it for you over the phone.