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GBRf Class 66 no. 66737 "Lesia" at speed on 4V94 10.12 Doncaster - Portbury empty biomass hoppers.
24th July 2012
In This Album: Here are the screenshots of the games released on the Nintendo eShop service in North America on January 28, 2016.
(Foto is digitally captured from my paper print)
Borobudur is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist Temple in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument consists of six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. A main dome, located at the center of the top platform, is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues seated inside a perforated stupa.
Built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty, the temple's design in Gupta architecture reflects India's influence on the region. It also depicts the gupta style from India and shows influence of Buddhism as well as Hinduism. The monument is both a shrine to the Lord Buddha and a place for Buddhist pilgrimage. The journey for pilgrims begins at the base of the monument and follows a path around the monument and ascends to the top through three levels symbolic of Buddhist cosmology: Kāmadhātu (the world of desire), Rupadhatu (the world of forms) and Arupadhatu (the world of formlessness). The monument guides pilgrims through an extensive system of stairways and corridors with 1,460 narrative relief panels on the walls and the balustrades.
Evidence suggests Borobudur was constructed in the 9th century and abandoned following the 14th century decline of Hindu kingdoms in Java, and the Javanese conversion to Islam. Worldwide knowledge of its existence was sparked in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, then the British ruler of Java, who was advised of its location by native Indonesians. Borobudur has since been preserved through several restorations. The largest restoration project was undertaken between 1975 and 1982 by the Indonesian government and UNESCO, following which the monument was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Borobudur is still used for pilgrimage; once a year Buddhists in Indonesia celebrate Vesak at the monument, and Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited tourist attraction.
There is no written record of who built Borobudur or of its intended purpose. The construction time has been estimated by comparison between carved reliefs on the temple's hidden foot and the inscriptions commonly used in royal charters during the 8th and 9th centuries. Borobudur was likely founded around 800 CE. This corresponds to the period between 760 and 830 CE, the peak of the Sailendra dynasty in central Java, when it was under the influence of the Srivijayan Empire. The construction has been estimated to have taken 75 years and been completed during the reign of Samaratungga in 825.
There is confusion between Hindu and Buddhist rulers in Java around that time. The Sailendras were known as ardent followers of Buddhism, though stone inscriptions found at Sojomerto suggest they may have been Hindus. It was during this time that many Hindu and Buddhist monuments were built on the plains and mountains around the Kedu Plain. The Buddhist monuments, including Borobudur, were erected around the same time as the Hindu Shiva Prambanan temple compound. In 732 CE, the Shivaite King Sanjaya commissioned a Shivalinga sanctuary to be built on the Wukir hill, only 10 km east of Borobudur.
Construction of Buddhist temples, including Borobudur, at that time was possible because Sanjaya's immediate successor, Rakai Panangkaran, granted his permission to the Buddhist followers to build such temples. In fact, to show his respect, Panangkaran gave the village of Kalasan to the Buddhist community, as is written in the Kalasan Charter dated 778 CE. This has led some archaeologists to believe that there was never serious conflict concerning religion in Java as it was possible for a Hindu king to patronize the establishment of a Buddhist monument; or for a Buddhist king to act likewise. However, it is likely that there were two rival royal dynasties in Java at the time—the Buddhist Sailendra and the Saivite Sanjaya—in which the latter triumphed over their rival in the 856 battle on the Ratubaka plateau. This confusion also exists regarding the Lara Jonggrang temple at the Prambanan complex, which was believed that it was erected by the victor Rakai Pikatan as the Sanjaya dynasty's reply to Borobudur, but others suggest that there was a climate of peaceful coexistence where Sailendra involvement exists in Lara Jonggrang.
Borobudur lay hidden for centuries under layers of volcanic ash and jungle growth. The facts behind its abandonment remain a mystery. It is not known when active use of the monument and Buddhist pilgrimage to it ceased. Sometime between 928 and 1006, King Mpu Sindok moved the capital of the Medang Kingdom to the region of East Java after a series of volcanic eruptions; it is not certain whether this influenced the abandonment, but several sources mention this as the most likely period of abandonment. The monument is mentioned vaguely as late as ca. 1365, in Mpu Prapanca's Nagarakretagama written during Majapahit era and mentioning "the vihara in Budur". Soekmono (1976) also mentions the popular belief that the temples were disbanded when the population converted to Islam in the 15th century.
The monument was not forgotten completely, though folk stories gradually shifted from its past glory into more superstitious beliefs associated with bad luck and misery. Two old Javanese chronicles (babad) from the 18th century mention cases of bad luck associated with the monument. According to the Babad Tanah Jawi (or the History of Java), the monument was a fatal factor for Mas Dana, a rebel who revolted against Pakubuwono I, the king of Mataram in 1709. It was mentioned that the "Redi Borobudur" hill was besieged and the insurgents were defeated and sentenced to death by the king. In the Babad Mataram (or the History of the Mataram Kingdom), the monument was associated with the misfortune of Prince Monconagoro, the crown prince of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in 1757. In spite of a taboo against visiting the monument, "he took what is written as the knight who was captured in a cage (a statue in one of the perforated stupas)". Upon returning to his palace, he fell ill and died one day later.
Lieutenant Governor-General Thomas Stamford Raffles took great interest in the history of Java. He collected Javanese antiques and made notes through contacts with local inhabitants during his tour throughout the island. On an inspection tour to Semarang in 1814, he was informed about a big monument deep in a jungle near the village of Bumisegoro. He was not able to make the discovery himself and sent H.C. Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate. In two months, Cornelius and his 200 men cut down trees, burned down vegetation and dug away the earth to reveal the monument. Due to the danger of collapse, he could not unearth all galleries. He reported his findings to Raffles including various drawings. Although the discovery is only mentioned by a few sentences, Raffles has been credited with the monument's recovery, as one who had brought it to the world's attention.
The Dutch East Indies government then commissioned F.C. Wilsen, a Dutch engineering official, who studied the monument and drew hundreds of relief sketches. J.F.G. Brumund was also appointed to make a detailed study of the monument, which was completed in 1859.
Borobudur attracted attention in 1885. The restoration was carried out between 1907 and 1911. Due to the limited budget, the restoration had been primarily focused on cleaning the sculptures, and Van Erp did not solve the drainage problem. Within fifteen years, the gallery walls were sagging and the reliefs showed signs of new cracks and deterioration. Van Erp used concrete from which alkali salts and calcium hydroxide leached and were transported into the rest of the construction. This caused some problems, so that a further thorough renovation was urgently needed.
In 1973, a master plan to restore Borobudur was created. The Indonesian government and UNESCO then undertook the complete overhaul of the monument in a big restoration project between 1975 and 1982. The foundation was stabilized and all 1,460 panels were cleaned. The restoration involved the dismantling of the five square platforms and improved the drainage by embedding water channels into the monument. Both impermeable and filter layers were added. This colossal project involved around 600 people to restore the monument and cost a total of US$ 6,901,243. After the renovation was finished, UNESCO listed Borobudur as a World Heritage Site in 1991. It is listed under Cultural criteria "to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius", "to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design", and "to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance".
Borobudur contains approximately 2,670 individual bas reliefs (1,460 narrative and 1,212 decorative panels), which cover the façades and balustrades. The total relief surface is 2,500 square metres and they are distributed at the hidden foot and the five square platforms.
The narrative panels, which tell the story of Sudhana and Manohara,[69] are grouped into 11 series encircled the monument with the total length of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). The hidden foot contains the first series with 160 narrative panels and the remaining 10 series are distributed throughout walls and balustrades in four galleries starting from the eastern entrance stairway to the left. Narrative panels on the wall read from right to left, while on the balustrade read from left to right. This conforms with pradaksina, the ritual of circumambulation performed by pilgrims who move in a clockwise direction while keeping the sanctuary to their right.[70]
The hidden foot depicts the workings of karmic law. The walls of the first gallery have two superimposed series of reliefs; each consists of 120 panels. The upper part depicts the biography of the Buddha, while the lower part of the wall and also balustrades in the first and the second galleries tell the story of the Buddha's former lives. The remaining panels are devoted to Sudhana's further wandering about his search, terminated by his attainment of the Perfect Wisdom.
Apart from the story of the Buddhist cosmology carved in stone, Borobudur has many statues of various Buddhas. The cross-legged statues are seated in a lotus position and distributed on the five square platforms (the Rupadhatu level) as well as on the top platform (the Arupadhatu level).
The Buddha statues are in niches at the Rupadhatu level, arranged in rows on the outer sides of the balustrades, the number of statues decreasing as platforms progressively diminish to the upper level. The first balustrades have 104 niches, the second 104, the third 88, the fourth 72 and the fifth 64. In total, there are 432 Buddha statues at the Rupadhatu level. At the Arupadhatu level (or the three circular platforms), Buddha statues are placed inside perforated stupas. The first circular platform has 32 stupas, the second 24 and the third 16, that add up to 72 stupas. Of the original 504 Buddha statues, over 300 are damaged (mostly headless) and 43 are missing (since the monument's discovery, heads have been stolen as collector's items, mostly by Western museums).
At first glance, all the Buddha statues appear similar, but there is a subtle difference between them in the mudras or the position of the hands. There are five groups of mudra: North, East, South, West and Zenith, which represent the five cardinal compass points according to Mahayana. The first four balustrades have the first four mudras: North, East, South and West, of which the Buddha statues that face one compass direction have the corresponding mudra. Buddha statues at the fifth balustrades and inside the 72 stupas on the top platform have the same mudra: Zenith. Each mudra represents one of the Five Dhyani Buddhas; each has its own symbolism.
GBRf Class 66 no. 66733 (ex DRS 66401) runs light engine 0M75 through Tamworth en route Longport to Loughborough for a repaint into Europorte colours.
16th May 2011
The Natural Step Canada’s Sustainability for Leaders Course - Level 2 took place in Banff AB, July 11-13 2011 at The Juniper Hotel and Bistro.
Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director General, together with other UN and international representatives participated at the UN-Energy meeting at Principal Level during an open (virtual) discussion on UN-Energy’s way forward, including the proposed UN-Energy plan of action towards 2025.
The Director General is joined by his senior staff, Wei Huang, IAEA Director, Division of Planning, Information and Knowledge Management, Department of Nuclear Energy, Toshio Kaneko, Special Assistant to the Director General for Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Applications and Technical Cooperation and Diego Candano Laris, Senior Advisor to the Director General. IAEA Vienna, Austria. 11 January 2022.
Welcome Remarks:
Mr. Achim Steiner, Administrator of UNDP and UN-Energy Co-Chair
Ms. Damilola Ogunbiyi, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sustainable Energy for All and UN-Energy Co-Chair
Mr. Liu Zhenmin, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
At the lower end of Arco dei Banchi, the oldest of Rome's extant highwater markers.
The inscription tells that the turbulent Tiber briefly broke its banks here on 6th November 1277 - an occasion when the water level is reputed to have reached some 16 metres, or 52 feet, above normal.
A level crossing house is the only thing left at this crossing.
This road was for access only to Ashgrove.
Image architecturaldesigns.com By media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com
Resolution of Design home : 550 x 322 · 26 kB · jpeg
The second level of what is collectively known as Brasstown Falls. The water level seemed a little low today, compared to the last time I was there. It worked out decently for the cascades, but I think the veil suffered for it. Oh well, I still nearly killed myself at the top of the third level (the sluice), getting in position to shoot the second level.
Apologies for post-processing woes - I can't tell what's what on this laptop screen.
Push up level 1
Chất liệu siêu mềm mịn, giúp giữ dáng quả tối đa, dù giặt bằng máy giặt. Thêm đường viền bằng ren chạy ngang quả vừa tạo đc sự chú ý, vừa cho cảm giác ngực đầy đặn hơn
Hàng đã về ngày 3/1/2012
COLOR: MAGENTA PINK (hình)
SIZE: 10A, 12A
Giá: 589.000/áo
Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director General, together with other UN and international representatives participated at the UN-Energy meeting at Principal Level during an open (virtual) discussion on UN-Energy’s way forward, including the proposed UN-Energy plan of action towards 2025.
The Director General is joined by his senior staff, Wei Huang, IAEA Director, Division of Planning, Information and Knowledge Management, Department of Nuclear Energy, Toshio Kaneko, Special Assistant to the Director General for Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Applications and Technical Cooperation and Diego Candano Laris, Senior Advisor to the Director General. IAEA Vienna, Austria. 11 January 2022.
Welcome Remarks:
Mr. Achim Steiner, Administrator of UNDP and UN-Energy Co-Chair
Ms. Damilola Ogunbiyi, Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sustainable Energy for All and UN-Energy Co-Chair
Mr. Liu Zhenmin, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Leveling Leg Mod after Reuben Krabbe - his first version - he's now got two versions! (In his version 2, the normal setting geometry is compromised and the resistance to the strut attachment slipping is not 'absolute' - still considering that one - have got some ideas.)
I find my MSE 'Light (Wt) Heavy (Duty) triple riser' aluminium stand (387490) (3.54 m) pretty well perfect for a full baby pin stand (i.e. strong enough to handle a Grip Head with all that that implies). And it's light weight. Except, especially outside, it would be nice to have a leveling leg option.
Traditional leveling leg solutions extend & lower one leg, meaning that single leg becomes the downhill leg and ends up taking more weight than its piers. Also the footprint diameter is modestly reduced.
Reuben Krabbe's Mod, OTOH, raises the adjusted leg which typically results in it bearing slightly less than a normal 1/3rd share. Also, it doesn't add weight. When deployed, the footprint diameter increases slightly!
My experience suggests that a single extra hole, c 10 to 12 cm higher than the original offers great leveling range and flexibility on this and other full sized horizontal strut stands (footprint 43 in diameter). Varying the leg spread also varies the leveling action substantially. Outside, I'd usually lose the wheels or lock them radially out to maximize the footprint. This approach does not work well on stairs - but there's a better way of mounting a lightstand half way up a flight of stairs.
My choice of new pin was a marine grade 6 X 50 mm drop nose pin. (The UK's 'Seasure' is the best brand.) Lighter stands would use a 5 mm version. The drop nose is itself spring loaded and my mod adds a short length of rubber tubing to act as a gentle compression spring, removing any chance that this mod would 'self release'. It's more secure, IMO, than the original simple ny-loc nuts. Matthews added two shaped spacing pieces which could be easy to lose. Accordingly these are now tethered to prevent loss while engaging the leveling option. If your stand has washers, I suggest losing those and substituting a 10 cm strip of thin stiff plastic with a suitable hole at both ends.
Ensure that the stand is truly vertical - critical if using a boom.
I now have two full sized stands with this mod/pin - I remain, 6 months & counting, very pleased so far . . .
I've also tried just using a car leveling ramp under a normal stand's lowest leg - that can work well too, but I prefer Reuben's idea.
The track diagram mounted above the block shelf in Whittington Low Level signal box. Monday 7th September 1987
Whittington Low Level signal box was located by the Up Main line alongside Whittington Road level crossing, and was a McKenzie & Holland Type 3 design that opened in 1881 for the Great Western Railway Company. A replacement 20 lever Great Western Railway Company Stud frame installed in 1912 and at some time a small 2 lever Great Western Railway Company frame was installed to control the wicket gates. On 1st July 1924 the former Cambrian Railways Whittington station was renamed Whittington High Level and the original Great Western Railway station was renamed Whittington Low Level, presumably the signal boxes were renamed at the same time. Closure came on 14th March 1992 to allow the level crossing to be converted an automatic half-barrier crossing supervised by Gobowen North signal box, which was operational from 21st June 1992. The absolute block section was extended to between Gobowen North and Haughton Sidings signal boxes
Ref no 07758