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Here is a complete set of orders with clearance card from LaCrosse, Wisconsin on February 1st, 1977. Reads as follows:
Clearance Card (white paper)
CMStP&P RR Co. Clearance
Station-LaCrosse, Wisconsin
Date-February 1st, 1977
Addressed to C&E Extra 155 East
Clearance No.-103
To-Portage
"4 Orders for your train, #'s 102, 838, 864 & 866.
OK time was 0118 am
Supt.-NHM
Opr-Proksch
Train Order #102 (yellow paper)
At LaCrosse
Date-February 1st, 1977
Addressed to C&E eastward trains reads:
"Men and equipment on Eastward track between MP 280 and MP 279 Between LaCrosse and Medary From 8:01 am until 401 pm.
All trains on this track proceed through these limits at reduced speed unless a different speed is verbally authorized by employee in charge or entire train has passed a green flag."
Supt-NHM
Made complete at 0115 am by operator Proksch
Train Order #838 (bottom left)
At LaCrosse
Date-January 19th, 1977
Addressed to C&E eastward trains reads:
"The trailing point crossover east of Depot Sparta and the west switch of the eastward siding at Sparta is out of service."
Supt-NHM
Made complete at 1017 pm by operator King
Train Order #864 (center bottom)
At LaCrosse
Date-January 27th, 1977
Addressed to C&E eastward extra trains reads:
"On westward track between Portage and LaCrosse frt trains do not exceed
Between MP 179 and MP 215 40 MPH
Between MP 215 and MP 223 35 MPH
Between MP 223 and MP 256 40 MPH
Between MP 256 and MP 257 35 MPH
Between MP 257 and MP 266 40 MPH
Between MP 266 and MP 273 35 MPH
Between MP 273 and MP 278 40 MPH"
Supt.-NHM
Made complete at 341 pm by operator Ristow
Train Order #866 (bottom right)
At LaCrosse
Date-January 27th, 1977
Addressed to C&E eastward extra trains reads:
"On eastward track between LaCroose and Portage frt trains do not exceed:
Between MP 278 and MP 273 40 MPH
Between MP 273 and MP 266 35 MPH
Between MP 266 and MP 257 40 MPH
Between MP 257 and MP 256 35 MPH
Between MP 256 and MP 243 40 MPH
Between MP 243 and MP 239 35 MPH
Between MP 239 and MP 223 40 MPH
Between MP 223 and MP 208 35 MPH
Between MP 208 and MP 190 40 MPH
Between MP 190 and MP 179 35 MPH"
Supt.-NHM
Made Complete at 341 pm by operator Ristow
Pictured is a trooper from the Blues and Royals at Horse Guards...The Blues and Royals were formed in 1969 from an amalgamation of the Royal Horse Guards, which was known as "the Blues" or "the Oxford Blues", and the Royal Dragoons, which was known as "the Royals"...As a result of the Options for Change Review in 1991, the Blues and Royals formed a union for operational purposes with the Life Guards as the Household Cavalry Regiment.
However, they each maintain their regimental identity, with distinct uniforms and traditions, and their own colonel. The Blues and Royals currently has two reconnaissance squadrons in Windsor, which are part of the Household Cavalry Regiment, and a mounted squadron in London as part of the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment...Instead of being known as the Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons, the regiment is known as the Blues and Royals and is therefore the only regiment in the British Army to be officially known by their nickname as opposed to their full name...On ceremonial occasions, the Blues and Royals wear a blue tunic (inherited from the Royal Horse Guards, also known as "the Blues"), a metal cuirass, and a matching helmet with a red plume worn unbound, and against popular belief the regiment's farriers wear a red plume like the rest of the regiment but do not wear the metal cuirass. In addition, the Blues and Royals wear their chin strap under their chin, as opposed to the Life Guards, who wear it below their lower lip.
On service dress, the Blues and Royals wear a blue lanyard on the left shoulder, as well as a Sam Browne belt containing a whistle. In most dress orders, the Waterloo Eagle is worn on the left arm as part of dress traditions.
The Blues and Royals, as part of the Household Division, does not use the Order of the Bath Star for its officer rank 'pips,' but rather the Order of the Garter Star.
-------------------------------------------------------
© Crown Copyright 2014
Photographer: PO Phot Owen Cooban
Image 45162433.jpg from www.defenceimages.mod.uk
Use of this image is subject to the terms and conditions of the MoD News Licence at www.defenceimagery.mod.uk/fotoweb/20121001_Crown_copyrigh...
For latest news visit www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence
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So this is the first shot I have ever taken at night time.. and of a city skyline as well. It was challenging to say the least.. and is definitely a lot more difficult than sunrise/sunset shooting in my opinion. Although it was hard... I have now found a new love, that is shooting after the sun has gone down. The colours are different, everything is so calm, the lights are shining and the city is buzzing. I am definitely going to be attempting this again in the near future!
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As always guys.. Comments, views, favourites, chit chat and advice is MORE than welcome.
Hope you all had a great day!
Built in 1885.
"Fredericksburg is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,982. The Bureau of Economic Analysis of the United States Department of Commerce combines the city of Fredericksburg with neighboring Spotsylvania County for statistical purposes.
Fredericksburg is 48 miles (77 km) south of Washington, D.C. and 53 miles (85 km) north of Richmond.
Located near where the Rappahannock River crosses the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, Fredericksburg was a prominent port in Virginia during the colonial era. During the Civil War, Fredericksburg, located halfway between the capitals of the opposing forces, was the site of the Battle of Fredericksburg and Second Battle of Fredericksburg. These battles are preserved, in part, as the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park. More than 10,000 African-Americans in the region left slavery for freedom in 1862 alone, getting behind Union lines. Tourism is a major part of the economy. Approximately 1.5 million people visit the Fredericksburg area annually, including the battlefield park, the downtown visitor center, events, museums, art shops, galleries, and many historical sites.
Fredericksburg is home to Central Park (as of 2004, the second-largest mall on the East Coast). The Spotsylvania Towne Centre is located in Spotsylvania County, adjacent to the city. Major employers include the University of Mary Washington (named for the mother of George Washington, who lived here), Mary Washington Healthcare, and GEICO. Many Fredericksburg-area residents commute to work by car, bus, and rail to Washington, D.C. and Richmond, as well as Fairfax, Prince William, and Arlington counties." - info from Wikipedia.
The fall of 2022 I did my 3rd major cycling tour. I began my adventure in Montreal, Canada and finished in Savannah, GA. This tour took me through the oldest parts of Quebec and the 13 original US states. During this adventure I cycled 7,126 km over the course of 2.5 months and took more than 68,000 photos. As with my previous tours, a major focus was to photograph historic architecture.
Now on Instagram.
Become a patron to my photography on Patreon.
In 2019 is het 75 jaar geleden dat Operation Market Garden plaatsvond. Bij Ede is een grasveld ingericht als tijdelijk vliegveld zoals dat in 1944 was. Diverse historische warbirds, waaronder de Westland Lysander, diverse Mustangs, Hurricanes en Spitfires en een Buchon 109 waren aanwezig. Ook de B-25 van de KLuHV en B-17 Sally B zouden meedoen, maar beide waren helaas verhinderd. Het was deze dag schitterend weer met veel zon, helaas net aan de verkeerde kant waardoor veel tegen het licht in gefotografeerd moest worden. Maar desondanks een prachtige airshow waar we, als deze weer wordt herhaald, zeker bij aanwezig zullen zijn.
2019 marks 75 years since Operation Market Garden took place. At Ede, a lawn has been set up as a temporary airport as it was in 1944. Various historical warbirds, including the Westland Lysander, various Mustangs, Hurricanes and Spitfires and a Buchon 109 were present. The B-25 of the KLuHV and B-17 Sally B would also participate, but both were unfortunately unable to attend. The weather during this day was beautiful with a lot of sun. Unfortunately just on the wrong side, which meant that a lot had to be photographed against the light. But nevertheless a beautiful air show where we will be present if it is repeated again.
Aeroseum is a unique place to visit. In a declassified rock facility is a military museum and discovery center on flight and space suitable for the entire family. Aeroseum is formed around the mountain hangar built during the Cold War for air force wing F 9 Sävedalens . The 22,000 square foot facility , completed in 1955, would protect Air Force fighter against attack with nuclear weapons. Today, the underground rock hangar a combination of museum, discovery center and conference facility.
The hanger is completely equipped and even ATM may be distant. Aeroseum , which is under constant development , is an experience-based activity center where visitors can experience the special atmosphere and the feeling of flight. Renovation of historic aircraft and construction of models for audiences constantly occur . Meetings , events and group activities can be arranged in a unique environment.
The airfield adjacent to the mountain hangar serves as the Gothenburg City Airport. During visits to Aeroseum get to see historic Swedish fighter Draken , Lansen and Viggen , but also civil aircraft. There is the opportunity to try out both fighters and helicopters - or flying alone in simulators !
Vintage American Girl Barbie wears no.1650 Outdoor Art Show (1966-1967)
This is probably the outfit I love the most from this era. It took me several years to get the hard to find felt hat, but it's finally mine:D
AGHHH I LOVE THAT NEW JONAS BROTHERS SONG, LOVE IS ON ITS WAY!
holy guacamole! its so beautiiiiful.
i can listen to it like,
1234567890111213141516171819203333 times! :D
This is the national bird of Costa Rica , and very difficult to see, my friends son has lived here 18 years and never seen one...I was here on the 2nd day with a guide....have found several even the long tailed one.
Enjoy him
www.holyspiritspeaks.org/videos/party-is-not-done-talking/
Introduction
Li Ming'ai is a Christian in mainland China. She is a woman of upright character who respects her parents-in-law, assists her husband and educates her child, and has a happy and harmonious family. In China, where atheism exercises control, however, the Chinese Communist government always wildly arrests and persecutes people who believe in God. In 2006, Li Ming'ai was arrested and fined because of her belief in God. After Li Ming'ai returned home, the Chinese Communist police often threatened and intimidated her and her family, and tried to prevent Li Ming'ai from continuing her belief in God. One day, when Li Ming'ai was away from home holding a meeting, she was reported by an informer. The police went to Li Ming'ai's home trying to arrest her. She was forced to leave home, and from that time on, Li Ming'ai's life hiding from place to place and fleeing from home began. The Chinese Communist police still won't leave her alone, always keeping watch on her home, and waiting for an opportunity to arrest her. One evening, Li Ming'ai stealthily goes home to see her family, but almost immediately the police hurry to arrest her. Luckily someone warns her, and Li Ming'ai escapes disaster.
Three years later, while Li Ming'ai is practicing her faith and doing her duty far from home, she is followed and arrested by Chinese Communist police. The Chinese Communist police carry out inhuman torture and torment on Li Ming'ai, and utilize family affection to try to lure her. They use threats such as denying her child a right to attend school, and blocking future access to jobs in the government that the child might have to try to force her to abandon her faith in God, to betray the leaders in the church , and to make known the finances of the church. During this time, Li Ming'ai prays to God and places her faith in God. In God's word she finds enlightenment and guidance. She endures torture and torment by the Chinese Communist police, sees through Satan's tricks, and resolves to not betray God. She stands firm witness for God. The interrogation by the Chinese Communist police bears no fruit, and they are shamed into anger. They lead Li Ming'ai dressed in prisoner's clothing to her village home, parading her for all to see. They do this to shame her, and then try to get her family members to tempt her to betray God, and sell out the church. Li Ming'ai is most enraged by how the Chinese Communists attribute the difficulties of her family to her belief in God. Filled with righteous indignation, Li Ming'ai angrily brings to light the evil reality of how the Chinese Communist government arrests and persecutes Christians. She states that the real destroyer of Christians' families is the Chinese Communist government, which is the arch-criminal who brings people all sorts of calamity. Thus she serves up a thorough and shameful defeat to the Chinese Communists.
Eastern Lightning, The Church of Almighty God was created because of the appearance and work ofAlmighty God , the second coming of the Lord Jesus, Christ of the last days. It is made up of all those who accept Almighty God's work in the last days and are conquered and saved by His words. It was entirely founded by Almighty God personally and is led by Him as the Shepherd. It was definitely not created by a person. Christ is the truth, the way, and the life. God's sheep hear God's voice. As long as you read the words of Almighty God, you will see God has appeared.
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A hazard is an area of a golf course in the sport of golf which provides a difficult obstacle. which may be of three types: (1) water hazards such as lakes and rivers; (2) man-made hazards such as bunkers; and (3) natural hazards such as dense vegetation. Special rules apply to playing balls that fall in a hazard. For example, a player may not touch the ground with his club before playing a ball, not even for a practice swing. A ball in any hazard may be played as it lies without penalty. If it cannot be played from the hazard, the ball may be hit from another location, generally with a penalty of one stroke. The Rules of Golf govern exactly from where the ball may be played outside a hazard. Bunkers (or sand traps) are shallow pits filled with sand and generally incorporating a raised lip or barrier, from which the ball is more difficult to play than from grass.
Maldon.
The Simson family took out pastoral runs around what is now Maldon in 1840. They had the Cairn Curran and the Tarrangower runs. It was near the foot of Mount Tarrangower that gold was discovered in December 1853 precipitating a gold rush in early 1854. The discovered of gold at Maldon was John Mechosk who received numerous government payouts for discovering gold fields apart from the one in Maldon. He also discovered the goldfields at Dunolly, Maryborough and Fryerstown. He received around £1,000 from the Victorian government for his efforts. A town was surveyed and developed in 1854 and it is believed that a member of the survey party suggested the name of Maldon because the hilly country reminded him of Maldon in Essex England. The diggers, up to 20,000 of them, were controlled by the District Gold Commissioner Bernard Smith who arrived and set up camp in 1854.The diggers had their canvas areas throughout the region but the town of Maldon soon had several public buildings including an early timber famed Wesleyan Methodist church built in 1855 and a brewery and several hotels built in 1854.
The Maldon gold finds were especially rich and mining companies developed areas to the north, east and south of the town with mining sites such as the Beehive Mine, the Nuggetty Mine, Eagle Hawk Mine, Bell’s Reef, the North British mine etc. Mining continued for a long period and as late as 1903 there were still over 1,000 diggers on the sites around Maldon following the last gold rush of 1897. But this was the last period of active mining around Maldon and the population had shrunk considerably by the 1920s. Because it was not on a main road to anywhere Maldon languished in semi-isolation for the next 50 years until the National Trust declared it the “First Notable Town in Australia” as its mining sites and historic buildings were still largely intact and the town showcased the life of a 19th century Australian gold mining town. Whole streetscapes of Maldon are heritage listed and a number of significant mining structures are still standing such as the 98 feet high Beehive Mine tower built in 1863. It stands at the top of the main street. The cemetery a few kilometres out of town has a fine Chinese funerary burning chamber probably from around 1865 when the gold mines were at their peak. The cemetery was opened in 1861 and the gate house was built in 1866. 121 Chinese are known to have been buried in the Maldon cemetery but only a couple of headstone are known. But there is little other evidence of the significant Chinese population of diggers that were once in the Maldon district. The town proudly proclaims that fact that over 2.1 million ounces of gold was extracted at Maldon worth about 3 billion dollars at today’s values.
Because of the wealth of Maldon it has numerous outstanding or significant historic buildings although it was never a really large town. Apart from the many fine hotels and commercial buildings the town has the Penny or Denominational School built as an Anglican school in 1856 but open to any child whose parents could afford the fees. 120 pupils were enrolled at this small school in 1857. The building was enlarged and rebuilt in 1862. The state school in Maldon was not built until 1875. It is still an impressive building. Near the Penny School is one of the early churches of Maldon the Welsh Congregational Church which was built in 1863. There were many Welsh and Cornish miners on the Maldon diggings. Nearby are several churches including the Anglican Church (1861), the Catholic Church built 1891 (replacing an earlier 1859 church), the former Wesleyan Methodist Church built in 1863 (replacing the 1855 wooden one), the Presbyterian Church built in 1905 (replacing an earlier 1861 church) and the Welsh Baptist Church built in 1865 with matching 1890 additions. Further away on the hill near the state school is the impressive Maldon Hospital. A wooden temporary hospital was established in 1859 but this grand classical designed hospital was built in 1867 beside the temporary building. One wing of the classical façade hospital was built in 1860 and the other in 1862. In 1867 the temporary structure in the middle was replaced with the central two storey hospital section which still stands. A further wing was added after this. The design for the hospital was chosen from entries to a public competition. The current town museum was once the Maldon Market which was erected in 1859. Near this central government camp area of Maldon which the Gold Commissioners used you can also find the Courthouse built in 1860 and the Post Office built in 1870. Nearby is the Athenaeum Library built in 1934 and still in use as the town library. This 1934 structure replaced the previous Athenaeum library built in 1863 and destroyed by fire in 1933. In addition to the usual commercial buildings, banks and hotels in the main street there is also an old grain store and further away is the railway station. A train line was built to service Maldon in 1884 and a fine red brick station built in 1888. It closed in 1976.
Other buildings of note in Maldon are MacArthur’s Cottage in High Street with the very unusual three dimensional brick work effect around the door and windows. It is next door to the Anglican Holy Trinity church. McArthur’s cottage was built in 1860s. The old Grain Store and Brooks’ Store were built in 1866 for the Maldon Cooperative Trading Company. This cooperative was not successful and went into liquidation in 1872 when John Brooks acquired the property and it is probably at this time additions were added. Members of the Brooks family ran this store until 1986. The Maldon Hotel was built in 1909 and the adjacent Shakespeare House and gallery was erected in 1907. Across the street is the 1854 established McArthur’s Bakery. The sign on this building relates to the establishment of the bakery not the actual building. This corner bakery was built in 1895. The old Beehive Market in Maldon began life as Franklin’s boot and shoe warehouse in 1870. The building later became a timber yard. Upton’s Butcher shop in the Main Street was established on this site in 1859 and the store was built then with the veranda added in 1860. The parapet is more modern being added to the shop in 1907. The Maldon Timber and Hardware building with the fancy parapet was built in 1897 after the earlier building on this site burnt down. It began life as a drapery.
PHOTOGRAPHERS THOUGHTS …
Contrast is about light, and photography is painting with light …
When the colours of a scene are just not working, look to creating a B&W. So many times, photographing towards to sun destroys the colour, but creates good B&W.
Here was just that situation, and using my 9mm lens for field-of view, allowed me to capture the drama unfolding in the sky. Remember, getting a black and white image to work requires the image to have black & white elements …
AMBIENT LIGHT
5.30pm pm at the end of January, with light radiating in from top left
COMPOSITION ELEMENTS
B&W, Contrast, Leading lines, Vanishing point, Dramatic, Field-of-view, Scale, Graded light, Light & shade, Texture, Anchoring point (bottom right), Telling a story, Pano crop.
LOCATION
Long Jetty, Central Coast, N.S.W.
SETTINGS
1/1250th, f11 (within sweet spot range of lens), 200 ISO, Manual Exposure based on blinking highlights in viewfinder, exposure meter, and histogram, to expose correctly for the brightest element in the image, EV 0, Manual Focus, RAW, Fuji X-T2, Laowa 9mm Lens (35mm format – 14mm). Note that this is a manual lens and does not record exif data correctly ...
ENHANCEMENT (Lightroom)
Tweaked image using Exposure, Contrast, Highlights, Shadows, Whites, Blacks, Texture, Clarity & Dehaze, sliders, as well as brushing in some Whites & Blacks
These ‘Photographers Thoughts’ are posted to aid photographers to recognise compositional elements, as well as the camera settings used, so you might learn from what worked, or through my mistakes … enjoy Greg
St Keverne is a civil parish and village on the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
In addition to the parish an electoral ward exists titled St Keverne and Meneage. This stretches to the western Lizard coast at Gunwalloe. The population of the ward at the 2011 election was 5,220.
The Cornish Rebellion of 1497 started in St Keverne. The leader of the rebellion Michael An Gof ("the smith" in Cornish) was a blacksmith from St Keverne and is commemorated by a statue in the village. Before his execution, An Gof said that he should have "a name perpetual and a fame permanent and immortal". In 1997 a 500th anniversary march, "Keskerdh Kernow 500", celebrating the An Gof uprising, retraced the route of the original march from St Keverne, via Guildford to London.
She is my favorite Poppy from the Supermodel convention. She is wearing a model life silkstone lingerie, ABS Kyori peignoir. Jewels and perfume bottles by me.
This fascinating collection of anatomical illustrations is created by Arnauld-Eloi Gautier-Dagoty (1741-1771) for the Royal College of Medicine of Nancy in Lorraine, France. Dagoty elegantly depicted muscles of the human body as perceived by scientists in the 18th century with precise details. His illustrations offer us a glimpse of medical practice in the age of enlightenment.
In the American cities, the main church is located in the central square, but in the case of the San Gabriel village, it is located at a block of distance from the main plaza and reproducing what the Indian laws (Leyes de Indias) mentioned in the case of the main temple: "In Mediterranean places the temple is not build in the square, but somewhat distant from it, .... and that it can be seen of all parts and better venerated.
This is the only church in Ecuador that has been build that way.
Thanks for taking the time to comment, I really appreciate it and
will always try to reciprocate with a visit back to your stream.
© Henri Leduc - All of my images are protected by copyright
Some of my images are for sale via Getty Images and 500px
Casa del Sol
***Sun is shining-Bob Marley***
Sun is shining, the weather is sweet, yeah
Make you wanna move your dancing feet now
To the rescue, here I am
Want you to know, yall, can you understand?
When the mornin gather the rainbow, yeah, yeah
Want you to know, Im a rainbow too now
To the rescue, here I am
Want you to know, yall, can you, can you, can you understand?
Sun is shining, the weather is sweet now
Make you wanna move your dancing feet, yeah
But to the rescue, here I am
Want you to know just if you can, here I stand, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no
Can you understand me now, baby?
Do you believe me?
Canyonlands National Park is an American national park located in southeastern Utah near the town of Moab. The park preserves a colorful landscape eroded into numerous canyons, mesas, and buttes by the Colorado River, the Green River, and their respective tributaries. Legislation creating the park was signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson on September 12, 1964.
The park is divided into four districts: the Island in the Sky, the Needles, the Maze, and the combined rivers—the Green and Colorado—which carved two large canyons into the Colorado Plateau. While these areas share a primitive desert atmosphere, each retains its own character. Author Edward Abbey, a frequent visitor, described the Canyonlands as "the most weird, wonderful, magical place on earth—there is nothing else like it anywhere."
In the early 1950s, Bates Wilson, then superintendent of Arches National Monument, began exploring the area to the south and west of Moab, Utah. After seeing what is now known as the Needles District of Canyonlands National Park, Wilson began advocating for the establishment of a new national park that would include the Needles. Additional explorations by Wilson and others expanded the areas proposed for inclusion into the new national park to include the confluence of Green and Colorado rivers, the Maze District, and Horseshoe Canyon.
In 1961, Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall was scheduled to address a conference at Grand Canyon National Park. On his flight to the conference, he flew over the Confluence (where the Colorado and Green rivers meet). The view apparently sparked Udall's interest in Wilson's proposal for a new national park in that area and Udall began promoting the establishment of Canyonlands National Park.
Utah Senator Frank Moss first introduced legislation into Congress to create Canyonlands National Park. His legislation attempted to satisfy both nature preservationists' and commercial developers' interests. Over the next four years, his proposal was struck down, debated, revised, and reintroduced to Congress many times before being passed and signed into creation.
In September, 1964, after several years of debate, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed Pub.L. 88–590, which established Canyonlands National Park as a new national park. Bates Wilson became the first superintendent of the new park and is often referred to as the "Father of Canyonlands."
The Colorado River and Green River combine within the park, dividing it into three districts called the Island in the Sky, the Needles, and the Maze. The Colorado River flows through Cataract Canyon below its confluence with the Green River.
The Island in the Sky district is a broad and level mesa in the northern section of the park, between the Colorado and Green rivers. The district has many viewpoints overlooking the White Rim, a sandstone bench 1,200 feet (370 m) below the Island, and the rivers, which are another 1,000 feet (300 m) below the White Rim.
The Needles district is located south of the Island in the Sky, on the east side of the Colorado River. The district is named for the red and white banded rock pinnacles which are a major feature of the area. Various other naturally sculpted rock formations are also within this district, including grabens, potholes, and arches. Unlike Arches National Park, where many arches are accessible by short to moderate hikes, most of the arches in the Needles district lie in backcountry canyons, requiring long hikes or four-wheel drive trips to reach them.
The Ancestral Puebloans inhabited this area and some of their stone and mud dwellings are well-preserved, although the items and tools they used were mostly removed by looters. The Ancestral Puebloans also created rock art in the form of petroglyphs, most notably on Newspaper Rock along the Needles access road.
The Maze district is located west of the Colorado and Green rivers. The Maze is the least accessible section of the park, and one of the most remote and inaccessible areas of the United States.
A geographically detached section of the park located north of the Maze district, Horseshoe Canyon contains panels of rock art made by hunter-gatherers from the Late Archaic Period (2000-1000 BC) pre-dating the Ancestral Puebloans. Originally called Barrier Canyon, Horseshoe's artifacts, dwellings, pictographs, and murals are some of the oldest in America. The images depicting horses date from after 1540 AD, when the Spanish reintroduced horses to America.
Since the 1950s, scientists have been studying an area of 200 acres (81 ha) completely surrounded by cliffs. The cliffs have prevented cattle from ever grazing on the area's 62 acres (25 ha) of grassland. According to the scientists, the site may contain the largest undisturbed grassland in the Four Corners region. Studies have continued biannually since the mid-1990s. The area has been closed to the public since 1993 to maintain the nearly pristine environment.
Mammals that roam this park include black bears, coyotes, skunks, bats, elk, foxes, bobcats, badgers, ring-tailed cats, pronghorns, desert bighorn sheep, and cougars. Desert cottontails, kangaroo rats and mule deer are commonly seen by visitors.
At least 273 species of birds inhabit the park. A variety of hawks and eagles are found, including the Cooper's hawk, the northern goshawk, the sharp-shinned hawk, the red-tailed hawk, the golden and bald eagles, the rough-legged hawk, the Swainson's hawk, and the northern harrier. Several species of owls are found, including the great horned owl, the northern saw-whet owl, the western screech owl, and the Mexican spotted owl. Grebes, woodpeckers, ravens, herons, flycatchers, crows, bluebirds, wrens, warblers, blackbirds, orioles, goldfinches, swallows, sparrows, ducks, quail, grouse, pheasants, hummingbirds, falcons, gulls, and ospreys are some of the other birds that can be found.
Several reptiles can be found, including eleven species of lizards and eight species of snake (including the midget faded rattlesnake). The common kingsnake and prairie rattlesnake have been reported in the park, but not confirmed by the National Park Service.
The park is home to six confirmed amphibian species, including the red-spotted toad, Woodhouse's toad, American bullfrog, northern leopard frog, Great Basin spadefoot toad, and tiger salamander. The canyon tree frog was reported to be in the park in 2000, but was not confirmed during a study in 2004.
Canyonlands National Park contains a wide variety of plant life, including 11 cactus species,[34] 20 moss species, liverworts, grasses and wildflowers. Varieties of trees include netleaf hackberry, Russian olive, Utah juniper, pinyon pine, tamarisk, and Fremont's cottonwood. Shrubs include Mormon tea, blackbrush, four-wing saltbush, cliffrose, littleleaf mountain mahogany, and snakeweed
Cryptobiotic soil is the foundation of life in Canyonlands, providing nitrogen fixation and moisture for plant seeds. One footprint can destroy decades of growth.
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Canyonlands National Park has a cold semi-arid climate ("BSk"). The plant hardiness zones at the Island in the Sky and Needles District Visitor Centers are 7a with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of 4.0 °F (-15.6 °C) and 2.9 °F (-16.2 °C), respectively.
The National Weather Service has maintained two cooperative weather stations in the park since June 1965. Official data documents the desert climate with less than 10 inches (250 millimetres) of annual rainfall, as well as hot, mostly dry summers and cold, occasionally wet winters. Snowfall is generally light during the winter.
The station in The Neck region reports an average January temperature of 29.6 °F and an average July temperature of 79.3 °F. Average July temperatures range from a high of 90.8 °F (32.7 °C) to a low of 67.9 °F (19.9 °C). There are an average of 45.7 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 117.3 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The highest recorded temperature was 105 °F (41 °C) on July 15, 2005, and the lowest recorded temperature was −13 °F (−25 °C) on February 6, 1989. Average annual precipitation is 9.33 inches (237 mm). There are an average of 59 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1984, with 13.66 in (347 mm), and the driest year was 1989, with 4.63 in (118 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 5.19 in (132 mm) in October 2006. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 1.76 in (45 mm) on April 9, 1978. Average annual snowfall is 22.8 in (58 cm). The most snowfall in one year was 47.4 in (120 cm) in 1975, and the most snowfall in one month was 27.0 in (69 cm) in January 1978.
The station in The Needles region reports an average January temperature of 29.7 °F and an average July temperature of 79.1 °F.[44] Average July temperatures range from a high of 95.4 °F (35.2 °C) to a low of 62.4 °F (16.9 °C). There are an average of 75.4 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 143.6 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The highest recorded temperature was 107 °F (42 °C) on July 13, 1971, and the lowest recorded temperature was −16 °F (−27 °C) on January 16, 1971. Average annual precipitation is 8.49 in (216 mm). There are an average of 56 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1969, with 11.19 in (284 mm), and the driest year was 1989, with 4.25 in (108 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 4.43 in (113 mm) in October 1972. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 1.56 in (40 mm) on September 17, 1999. Average annual snowfall is 14.4 in (37 cm). The most snowfall in one year was 39.3 in (100 cm) in 1975, and the most snowfall in one month was 24.0 in (61 cm) in March 1985.
National parks in the Western US are more affected by climate change than the country as a whole, and the National Park Service has begun research into how exactly this will effect the ecosystem of Canyonlands National Park and the surrounding areas and ways to protect the park for the future. The mean annual temperature of Canyonlands National Park increased by 2.6 °F (1.4 °C) from 1916 to 2018. It is predicted that if current warming trends continue, the average highs in the park during the summer will be over 100 °F (40 °C) by 2100. In addition to warming, the region has begun to see more severe and frequent droughts which causes native grass cover to decrease and a lower flow of the Colorado River. The flows of the Upper Colorado Basin have decreased by 300,000 acre⋅ft (370,000,000 m3) per year, which has led to a decreased amount of sediment carried by the river and rockier rapids which are more frequently impassable to rafters. The area has also begun to see an earlier spring, which will lead to changes in the timing of leaves and flowers blooming and migrational patterns of wildlife that could lead to food shortages for the wildlife, as well as a longer fire season.
The National Park Service is currently closely monitoring the impacts of climate change in Canyonlands National Park in order to create management strategies that will best help conserve the park's landscapes and ecosystems for the long term. Although the National Park Service's original goal was to preserve landscapes as they were before European colonization, they have now switched to a more adaptive management strategy with the ultimate goal of conserving the biodiversity of the park. The NPS is collaborating with other organizations including the US Geological Survey, local indigenous tribes, and nearby universities in order to create a management plan for the national park. Right now, there is a focus on research into which native plants will be most resistant to climate change so that the park can decide on what to prioritize in conservation efforts. The Canyonlands Natural History Association has been giving money to the US Geological Survey to fund this and other climate related research. They gave $30,000 in 2019 and $61,000 in 2020.
A subsiding basin and nearby uplifting mountain range (the Uncompahgre) existed in the area in Pennsylvanian time. Seawater trapped in the subsiding basin created thick evaporite deposits by Mid Pennsylvanian. This, along with eroded material from the nearby mountain range, became the Paradox Formation, itself a part of the Hermosa Group. Paradox salt beds started to flow later in the Pennsylvanian and probably continued to move until the end of the Jurassic. Some scientists believe Upheaval Dome was created from Paradox salt bed movement, creating a salt dome, but more modern studies show that the meteorite theory is more likely to be correct.
A warm shallow sea again flooded the region near the end of the Pennsylvanian. Fossil-rich limestones, sandstones, and shales of the gray-colored Honaker Trail Formation resulted. A period of erosion then ensued, creating a break in the geologic record called an unconformity. Early in the Permian an advancing sea laid down the Halgaito Shale. Coastal lowlands later returned to the area, forming the Elephant Canyon Formation.
Large alluvial fans filled the basin where it met the Uncompahgre Mountains, creating the Cutler red beds of iron-rich arkose sandstone. Underwater sand bars and sand dunes on the coast inter-fingered with the red beds and later became the white-colored cliff-forming Cedar Mesa Sandstone. Brightly colored oxidized muds were then deposited, forming the Organ Rock Shale. Coastal sand dunes and marine sand bars once again became dominant, creating the White Rim Sandstone.
A second unconformity was created after the Permian sea retreated. Flood plains on an expansive lowland covered the eroded surface and mud built up in tidal flats, creating the Moenkopi Formation. Erosion returned, forming a third unconformity. The Chinle Formation was then laid down on top of this eroded surface.
Increasingly dry climates dominated the Triassic. Therefore, sand in the form of sand dunes invaded and became the Wingate Sandstone. For a time climatic conditions became wetter and streams cut channels through the sand dunes, forming the Kayenta Formation. Arid conditions returned to the region with a vengeance; a large desert spread over much of western North America and later became the Navajo Sandstone. A fourth unconformity was created by a period of erosion.
Mud flats returned, forming the Carmel Formation, and the Entrada Sandstone was laid down next. A long period of erosion stripped away most of the San Rafael Group in the area, along with any formations that may have been laid down in the Cretaceous period.
The Laramide orogeny started to uplift the Rocky Mountains 70 million years ago and with it, the Canyonlands region. Erosion intensified and when the Colorado River Canyon reached the salt beds of the Paradox Formation the overlying strata extended toward the river canyon, forming features such as The Grabens. Increased precipitation during the ice ages of the Pleistocene quickened the rate of canyon excavation along with other erosion. Similar types of erosion are ongoing, but occur at a slower rate.
Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It borders Colorado to its east, Wyoming to its northeast, Idaho to its north, Arizona to its south, and Nevada to its west. Utah also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast. Of the fifty U.S. states, Utah is the 13th-largest by area; with a population over three million, it is the 30th-most-populous and 11th-least-densely populated. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which is home to roughly two-thirds of the population and includes the capital city, Salt Lake City; and Washington County in the southwest, with more than 180,000 residents. Most of the western half of Utah lies in the Great Basin.
Utah has been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups such as the ancient Puebloans, Navajo, and Ute. The Spanish were the first Europeans to arrive in the mid-16th century, though the region's difficult geography and harsh climate made it a peripheral part of New Spain and later Mexico. Even while it was Mexican territory, many of Utah's earliest settlers were American, particularly Mormons fleeing marginalization and persecution from the United States via the Mormon Trail. Following the Mexican–American War in 1848, the region was annexed by the U.S., becoming part of the Utah Territory, which included what is now Colorado and Nevada. Disputes between the dominant Mormon community and the federal government delayed Utah's admission as a state; only after the outlawing of polygamy was it admitted in 1896 as the 45th.
People from Utah are known as Utahns. Slightly over half of all Utahns are Mormons, the vast majority of whom are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which has its world headquarters in Salt Lake City; Utah is the only state where a majority of the population belongs to a single church. A 2023 paper challenged this perception (claiming only 42% of Utahns are Mormons) however most statistics still show a majority of Utah residents belong to the LDS church; estimates from the LDS church suggests 60.68% of Utah's population belongs to the church whilst some sources put the number as high as 68%. The paper replied that membership count done by the LDS Church is too high for several reasons. The LDS Church greatly influences Utahn culture, politics, and daily life, though since the 1990s the state has become more religiously diverse as well as secular.
Utah has a highly diversified economy, with major sectors including transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, multi-level marketing, and tourism. Utah has been one of the fastest growing states since 2000, with the 2020 U.S. census confirming the fastest population growth in the nation since 2010. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah ranks among the overall best states in metrics such as healthcare, governance, education, and infrastructure. It has the 12th-highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. Over time and influenced by climate change, droughts in Utah have been increasing in frequency and severity, putting a further strain on Utah's water security and impacting the state's economy.
The History of Utah is an examination of the human history and social activity within the state of Utah located in the western United States.
Archaeological evidence dates the earliest habitation of humans in Utah to about 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. Paleolithic people lived near the Great Basin's swamps and marshes, which had an abundance of fish, birds, and small game animals. Big game, including bison, mammoths and ground sloths, also were attracted to these water sources. Over the centuries, the mega-fauna died, this population was replaced by the Desert Archaic people, who sheltered in caves near the Great Salt Lake. Relying more on gathering than the previous Utah residents, their diet was mainly composed of cattails and other salt tolerant plants such as pickleweed, burro weed and sedge. Red meat appears to have been more of a luxury, although these people used nets and the atlatl to hunt water fowl, ducks, small animals and antelope. Artifacts include nets woven with plant fibers and rabbit skin, woven sandals, gaming sticks, and animal figures made from split-twigs. About 3,500 years ago, lake levels rose and the population of Desert Archaic people appears to have dramatically decreased. The Great Basin may have been almost unoccupied for 1,000 years.
The Fremont culture, named from sites near the Fremont River in Utah, lived in what is now north and western Utah and parts of Nevada, Idaho and Colorado from approximately 600 to 1300 AD. These people lived in areas close to water sources that had been previously occupied by the Desert Archaic people, and may have had some relationship with them. However, their use of new technologies define them as a distinct people. Fremont technologies include:
use of the bow and arrow while hunting,
building pithouse shelters,
growing maize and probably beans and squash,
building above ground granaries of adobe or stone,
creating and decorating low-fired pottery ware,
producing art, including jewelry and rock art such as petroglyphs and pictographs.
The ancient Puebloan culture, also known as the Anasazi, occupied territory adjacent to the Fremont. The ancestral Puebloan culture centered on the present-day Four Corners area of the Southwest United States, including the San Juan River region of Utah. Archaeologists debate when this distinct culture emerged, but cultural development seems to date from about the common era, about 500 years before the Fremont appeared. It is generally accepted that the cultural peak of these people was around the 1200 CE. Ancient Puebloan culture is known for well constructed pithouses and more elaborate adobe and masonry dwellings. They were excellent craftsmen, producing turquoise jewelry and fine pottery. The Puebloan culture was based on agriculture, and the people created and cultivated fields of maize, beans, and squash and domesticated turkeys. They designed and produced elaborate field terracing and irrigation systems. They also built structures, some known as kivas, apparently designed solely for cultural and religious rituals.
These two later cultures were roughly contemporaneous, and appear to have established trading relationships. They also shared enough cultural traits that archaeologists believe the cultures may have common roots in the early American Southwest. However, each remained culturally distinct throughout most of their existence. These two well established cultures appear to have been severely impacted by climatic change and perhaps by the incursion of new people in about 1200 CE. Over the next two centuries, the Fremont and ancient Pueblo people may have moved into the American southwest, finding new homes and farmlands in the river drainages of Arizona, New Mexico and northern Mexico.
In about 1200, Shoshonean speaking peoples entered Utah territory from the west. They may have originated in southern California and moved into the desert environment due to population pressure along the coast. They were an upland people with a hunting and gathering lifestyle utilizing roots and seeds, including the pinyon nut. They were also skillful fishermen, created pottery and raised some crops. When they first arrived in Utah, they lived as small family groups with little tribal organization. Four main Shoshonean peoples inhabited Utah country. The Shoshone in the north and northeast, the Gosiutes in the northwest, the Utes in the central and eastern parts of the region and the Southern Paiutes in the southwest. Initially, there seems to have been very little conflict between these groups.
In the early 16th century, the San Juan River basin in Utah's southeast also saw a new people, the Díne or Navajo, part of a greater group of plains Athabaskan speakers moved into the Southwest from the Great Plains. In addition to the Navajo, this language group contained people that were later known as Apaches, including the Lipan, Jicarilla, and Mescalero Apaches.
Athabaskans were a hunting people who initially followed the bison, and were identified in 16th-century Spanish accounts as "dog nomads". The Athabaskans expanded their range throughout the 17th century, occupying areas the Pueblo peoples had abandoned during prior centuries. The Spanish first specifically mention the "Apachu de Nabajo" (Navaho) in the 1620s, referring to the people in the Chama valley region east of the San Juan River, and north west of Santa Fe. By the 1640s, the term Navaho was applied to these same people. Although the Navajo newcomers established a generally peaceful trading and cultural exchange with the some modern Pueblo peoples to the south, they experienced intermittent warfare with the Shoshonean peoples, particularly the Utes in eastern Utah and western Colorado.
At the time of European expansion, beginning with Spanish explorers traveling from Mexico, five distinct native peoples occupied territory within the Utah area: the Northern Shoshone, the Goshute, the Ute, the Paiute and the Navajo.
The Spanish explorer Francisco Vázquez de Coronado may have crossed into what is now southern Utah in 1540, when he was seeking the legendary Cíbola.
A group led by two Spanish Catholic priests—sometimes called the Domínguez–Escalante expedition—left Santa Fe in 1776, hoping to find a route to the California coast. The expedition traveled as far north as Utah Lake and encountered the native residents. All of what is now Utah was claimed by the Spanish Empire from the 1500s to 1821 as part of New Spain (later as the province Alta California); and subsequently claimed by Mexico from 1821 to 1848. However, Spain and Mexico had little permanent presence in, or control of, the region.
Fur trappers (also known as mountain men) including Jim Bridger, explored some regions of Utah in the early 19th century. The city of Provo was named for one such man, Étienne Provost, who visited the area in 1825. The city of Ogden, Utah is named for a brigade leader of the Hudson's Bay Company, Peter Skene Ogden who trapped in the Weber Valley. In 1846, a year before the arrival of members from the Church of Jesus Christ of latter-day Saints, the ill-fated Donner Party crossed through the Salt Lake valley late in the season, deciding not to stay the winter there but to continue forward to California, and beyond.
Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly known as Mormon pioneers, first came to the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847. At the time, the U.S. had already captured the Mexican territories of Alta California and New Mexico in the Mexican–American War and planned to keep them, but those territories, including the future state of Utah, officially became United States territory upon the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. The treaty was ratified by the United States Senate on March 10, 1848.
Upon arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormon pioneers found no permanent settlement of Indians. Other areas along the Wasatch Range were occupied at the time of settlement by the Northwestern Shoshone and adjacent areas by other bands of Shoshone such as the Gosiute. The Northwestern Shoshone lived in the valleys on the eastern shore of Great Salt Lake and in adjacent mountain valleys. Some years after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley Mormons, who went on to colonize many other areas of what is now Utah, were petitioned by Indians for recompense for land taken. The response of Heber C. Kimball, first counselor to Brigham Young, was that the land belonged to "our Father in Heaven and we expect to plow and plant it." A 1945 Supreme Court decision found that the land had been treated by the United States as public domain; no aboriginal title by the Northwestern Shoshone had been recognized by the United States or extinguished by treaty with the United States.
Upon arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormons had to make a place to live. They created irrigation systems, laid out farms, built houses, churches, and schools. Access to water was crucially important. Almost immediately, Brigham Young set out to identify and claim additional community sites. While it was difficult to find large areas in the Great Basin where water sources were dependable and growing seasons long enough to raise vitally important subsistence crops, satellite communities began to be formed.
Shortly after the first company arrived in the Salt Lake Valley in 1847, the community of Bountiful was settled to the north. In 1848, settlers moved into lands purchased from trapper Miles Goodyear in present-day Ogden. In 1849, Tooele and Provo were founded. Also that year, at the invitation of Ute chief Wakara, settlers moved into the Sanpete Valley in central Utah to establish the community of Manti. Fillmore, Utah, intended to be the capital of the new territory, was established in 1851. In 1855, missionary efforts aimed at western native cultures led to outposts in Fort Lemhi, Idaho, Las Vegas, Nevada and Elk Mountain in east-central Utah.
The experiences of returning members of the Mormon Battalion were also important in establishing new communities. On their journey west, the Mormon soldiers had identified dependable rivers and fertile river valleys in Colorado, Arizona and southern California. In addition, as the men traveled to rejoin their families in the Salt Lake Valley, they moved through southern Nevada and the eastern segments of southern Utah. Jefferson Hunt, a senior Mormon officer of the Battalion, actively searched for settlement sites, minerals, and other resources. His report encouraged 1851 settlement efforts in Iron County, near present-day Cedar City. These southern explorations eventually led to Mormon settlements in St. George, Utah, Las Vegas and San Bernardino, California, as well as communities in southern Arizona.
Prior to establishment of the Oregon and California trails and Mormon settlement, Indians native to the Salt Lake Valley and adjacent areas lived by hunting buffalo and other game, but also gathered grass seed from the bountiful grass of the area as well as roots such as those of the Indian Camas. By the time of settlement, indeed before 1840, the buffalo were gone from the valley, but hunting by settlers and grazing of cattle severely impacted the Indians in the area, and as settlement expanded into nearby river valleys and oases, indigenous tribes experienced increasing difficulty in gathering sufficient food. Brigham Young's counsel was to feed the hungry tribes, and that was done, but it was often not enough. These tensions formed the background to the Bear River massacre committed by California Militia stationed in Salt Lake City during the Civil War. The site of the massacre is just inside Preston, Idaho, but was generally thought to be within Utah at the time.
Statehood was petitioned for in 1849-50 using the name Deseret. The proposed State of Deseret would have been quite large, encompassing all of what is now Utah, and portions of Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona, Oregon, New Mexico and California. The name of Deseret was favored by the LDS leader Brigham Young as a symbol of industry and was derived from a reference in the Book of Mormon. The petition was rejected by Congress and Utah did not become a state until 1896, following the Utah Constitutional Convention of 1895.
In 1850, the Utah Territory was created with the Compromise of 1850, and Fillmore (named after President Fillmore) was designated the capital. In 1856, Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the territorial capital.
The first group of pioneers brought African slaves with them, making Utah the only place in the western United States to have African slavery. Three slaves, Green Flake, Hark Lay, and Oscar Crosby, came west with this first group in 1847. The settlers also began to purchase Indian slaves in the well-established Indian slave trade, as well as enslaving Indian prisoners of war. In 1850, 26 slaves were counted in Salt Lake County. Slavery didn't become officially recognized until 1852, when the Act in Relation to Service and the Act for the relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners were passed. Slavery was repealed on June 19, 1862, when Congress prohibited slavery in all US territories.
Disputes between the Mormon inhabitants and the federal government intensified after the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' practice of polygamy became known. The polygamous practices of the Mormons, which were made public in 1854, would be one of the major reasons Utah was denied statehood until almost 50 years after the Mormons had entered the area.
After news of their polygamous practices spread, the members of the LDS Church were quickly viewed by some as un-American and rebellious. In 1857, after news of a possible rebellion spread, President James Buchanan sent troops on the Utah expedition to quell the growing unrest and to replace Brigham Young as territorial governor with Alfred Cumming. The expedition was also known as the Utah War.
As fear of invasion grew, Mormon settlers had convinced some Paiute Indians to aid in a Mormon-led attack on 120 immigrants from Arkansas under the guise of Indian aggression. The murder of these settlers became known as the Mountain Meadows massacre. The Mormon leadership had adopted a defensive posture that led to a ban on the selling of grain to outsiders in preparation for an impending war. This chafed pioneers traveling through the region, who were unable to purchase badly needed supplies. A disagreement between some of the Arkansas pioneers and the Mormons in Cedar City led to the secret planning of the massacre by a few Mormon leaders in the area. Some scholars debate the involvement of Brigham Young. Only one man, John D. Lee, was ever convicted of the murders, and he was executed at the massacre site.
Express riders had brought the news 1,000 miles from the Missouri River settlements to Salt Lake City within about two weeks of the army's beginning to march west. Fearing the worst as 2,500 troops (roughly 1/3rd of the army then) led by General Albert Sidney Johnston started west, Brigham Young ordered all residents of Salt Lake City and neighboring communities to prepare their homes for burning and evacuate southward to Utah Valley and southern Utah. Young also sent out a few units of the Nauvoo Legion (numbering roughly 8,000–10,000), to delay the army's advance. The majority he sent into the mountains to prepare defenses or south to prepare for a scorched earth retreat. Although some army wagon supply trains were captured and burned and herds of army horses and cattle run off no serious fighting occurred. Starting late and short on supplies, the United States Army camped during the bitter winter of 1857–58 near a burned out Fort Bridger in Wyoming. Through the negotiations between emissary Thomas L. Kane, Young, Cumming and Johnston, control of Utah territory was peacefully transferred to Cumming, who entered an eerily vacant Salt Lake City in the spring of 1858. By agreement with Young, Johnston established the army at Fort Floyd 40 miles away from Salt Lake City, to the southwest.
Salt Lake City was the last link of the First Transcontinental Telegraph, between Carson City, Nevada and Omaha, Nebraska completed in October 1861. Brigham Young, who had helped expedite construction, was among the first to send a message, along with Abraham Lincoln and other officials. Soon after the telegraph line was completed, the Deseret Telegraph Company built the Deseret line connecting the settlements in the territory with Salt Lake City and, by extension, the rest of the United States.
Because of the American Civil War, federal troops were pulled out of Utah Territory (and their fort auctioned off), leaving the territorial government in federal hands without army backing until General Patrick E. Connor arrived with the 3rd Regiment of California Volunteers in 1862. While in Utah, Connor and his troops soon became discontent with this assignment wanting to head to Virginia where the "real" fighting and glory was occurring. Connor established Fort Douglas just three miles (5 km) east of Salt Lake City and encouraged his bored and often idle soldiers to go out and explore for mineral deposits to bring more non-Mormons into the state. Minerals were discovered in Tooele County, and some miners began to come to the territory. Conner also solved the Shoshone Indian problem in Cache Valley Utah by luring the Shoshone into a midwinter confrontation on January 29, 1863. The armed conflict quickly turned into a rout, discipline among the soldiers broke down, and the Battle of Bear River is today usually referred to by historians as the Bear River Massacre. Between 200 and 400 Shoshone men, women and children were killed, as were 27 soldiers, with over 50 more soldiers wounded or suffering from frostbite.
Beginning in 1865, Utah's Black Hawk War developed into the deadliest conflict in the territory's history. Chief Antonga Black Hawk died in 1870, but fights continued to break out until additional federal troops were sent in to suppress the Ghost Dance of 1872. The war is unique among Indian Wars because it was a three-way conflict, with mounted Timpanogos Utes led by Antonga Black Hawk fighting federal and Utah local militia.
On May 10, 1869, the First transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory Summit, north of the Great Salt Lake. The railroad brought increasing numbers of people into the state, and several influential businessmen made fortunes in the territory.
Main article: Latter Day Saint polygamy in the late-19th century
During the 1870s and 1880s, federal laws were passed and federal marshals assigned to enforce the laws against polygamy. In the 1890 Manifesto, the LDS Church leadership dropped its approval of polygamy citing divine revelation. When Utah applied for statehood again in 1895, it was accepted. Statehood was officially granted on January 4, 1896.
The Mormon issue made the situation for women the topic of nationwide controversy. In 1870 the Utah Territory, controlled by Mormons, gave women the right to vote. However, in 1887, Congress disenfranchised Utah women with the Edmunds–Tucker Act. In 1867–96, eastern activists promoted women's suffrage in Utah as an experiment, and as a way to eliminate polygamy. They were Presbyterians and other Protestants convinced that Mormonism was a non-Christian cult that grossly mistreated women. The Mormons promoted woman suffrage to counter the negative image of downtrodden Mormon women. With the 1890 Manifesto clearing the way for statehood, in 1895 Utah adopted a constitution restoring the right of women's suffrage. Congress admitted Utah as a state with that constitution in 1896.
Though less numerous than other intermountain states at the time, several lynching murders for alleged misdeeds occurred in Utah territory at the hand of vigilantes. Those documented include the following, with their ethnicity or national origin noted in parentheses if it was provided in the source:
William Torrington in Carson City (then a part of Utah territory), 1859
Thomas Coleman (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1866
3 unidentified men at Wahsatch, winter of 1868
A Black man in Uintah, 1869
Charles A. Benson in Logan, 1873
Ah Sing (Chinese man) in Corinne, 1874
Thomas Forrest in St. George, 1880
William Harvey (Black man) in Salt Lake City, 1883
John Murphy in Park City, 1883
George Segal (Japanese man) in Ogden, 1884
Joseph Fisher in Eureka, 1886
Robert Marshall (Black man) in Castle Gate, 1925
Other lynchings in Utah territory include multiple instances of mass murder of Native American children, women, and men by White settlers including the Battle Creek massacre (1849), Provo River Massacre (1850), Nephi massacre (1853), and Circleville Massacre (1866).
Beginning in the early 20th century, with the establishment of such national parks as Bryce Canyon National Park and Zion National Park, Utah began to become known for its natural beauty. Southern Utah became a popular filming spot for arid, rugged scenes, and such natural landmarks as Delicate Arch and "the Mittens" of Monument Valley are instantly recognizable to most national residents. During the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, with the construction of the Interstate highway system, accessibility to the southern scenic areas was made easier.
Beginning in 1939, with the establishment of Alta Ski Area, Utah has become world-renowned for its skiing. The dry, powdery snow of the Wasatch Range is considered some of the best skiing in the world. Salt Lake City won the bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995, and this has served as a great boost to the economy. The ski resorts have increased in popularity, and many of the Olympic venues scattered across the Wasatch Front continue to be used for sporting events. This also spurred the development of the light-rail system in the Salt Lake Valley, known as TRAX, and the re-construction of the freeway system around the city.
During the late 20th century, the state grew quickly. In the 1970s, growth was phenomenal in the suburbs. Sandy was one of the fastest-growing cities in the country at that time, and West Valley City is the state's 2nd most populous city. Today, many areas of Utah are seeing phenomenal growth. Northern Davis, southern and western Salt Lake, Summit, eastern Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, and Washington counties are all growing very quickly. Transportation and urbanization are major issues in politics as development consumes agricultural land and wilderness areas.
In 2012, the State of Utah passed the Utah Transfer of Public Lands Act in an attempt to gain control over a substantial portion of federal land in the state from the federal government, based on language in the Utah Enabling Act of 1894. The State does not intend to use force or assert control by limiting access in an attempt to control the disputed lands, but does intend to use a multi-step process of education, negotiation, legislation, and if necessary, litigation as part of its multi-year effort to gain state or private control over the lands after 2014.
Utah families, like most Americans everywhere, did their utmost to assist in the war effort. Tires, meat, butter, sugar, fats, oils, coffee, shoes, boots, gasoline, canned fruits, vegetables, and soups were rationed on a national basis. The school day was shortened and bus routes were reduced to limit the number of resources used stateside and increase what could be sent to soldiers.
Geneva Steel was built to increase the steel production for America during World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt had proposed opening a steel mill in Utah in 1936, but the idea was shelved after a couple of months. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered the war and the steel plant was put into progress. In April 1944, Geneva shipped its first order, which consisted of over 600 tons of steel plate. Geneva Steel also brought thousands of job opportunities to Utah. The positions were hard to fill as many of Utah's men were overseas fighting. Women began working, filling 25 percent of the jobs.
As a result of Utah's and Geneva Steels contribution during the war, several Liberty Ships were named in honor of Utah including the USS Joseph Smith, USS Brigham Young, USS Provo, and the USS Peter Skene Ogden.
One of the sectors of the beachhead of Normandy Landings was codenamed Utah Beach, and the amphibious landings at the beach were undertaken by United States Army troops.
It is estimated that 1,450 soldiers from Utah were killed in the war.
Tiny Wild Clover,is not easy to Shoot,because you have to get down to ground level for the best Angel.
Dear friends here on flickr,
Summer is finally here and me and my girls are ready to hit the beach with the fashions from my new collection “Sommer” (summer in German) !
This is again very picture intense, so please bear with me *lol*.
Hope you all are well and safe,
wishing you the best, have a wonderful summer this year!
Nina & Gigi
It's been a very long time since I've made Shrinky Dinks, so I thought I'd order some sheets of the magical plastic to aid in decorating our tree this year, and Mr. Larry King is the first out of the oven. This holiday season is startin' to feel pretty avuncular!
DUNNS PLEASURE RESORT
Date: Circa 1910
Source Type: Postcard
Publisher, Printer, Photographer: Unknown (#9)
Postmark: None
Collection: Steven R. Shook
Remark: It is believed the the left side of this postcard image shows the north side, or Porter County side, along the Kankakee River. If this is in fact true, then Burrow's Camp is the camp that is partially visible in this image.
The original Dunn's Bridge was erected during the 1880s by Isaac Dunn, a native of Maine residing in Jasper County, as a means of moving his farming equipment from one side of the Kankakee River to the other side.
In an article published in the October 23, 1897, issue of The Westchester Tribune, an individual signing themselves as “A Taxpayer” had become annoyed with the fact that P. E. Lane of the Lane Bridge & Iron Works, who was from Illinois, was receiving numerous contracts to construct bridge spans throughout Porter County. “A Taxpayer” complained that the county commissioners were allowing “old iron of the World’s Fair, corroded, rusty, and full of holes” to be “dumped on the people of Porter county.”
In this same article, it is also mentioned that the auditor of Porter County had paid the Lane Bridge & Iron Works on November 13, 1895, for the construction of “Dunn’s bridge.” Thus, Dunn’s Bridge was constructed in November and December of 1895 by the Lane Bridge & Iron Works using iron originating from buildings that were razed after the conclusion of the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago.
Between 1895 and 1897, the Lane Bridge & Iron Works had constructed at least six other bridges using discarded World’s Fair iron in Porter County.
Three of these bridges were located in Westchester Township, one being the bridge over Coffee Creek in Chesterton where today’s Porter Avenue now spans this creek, another spanning the Little Calumet River on today's Brummitt Road (just west of the Brummitt School), and the third being located just west of the present day Howe Road bridge over the Little Calumet River.
One thirty-six foot long trestle bridge was constructed in Morgan Township over Crooked Creek on present day Indiana State Road 49, just north of County Road 500 South. Another bridge was built in Washington Township just west of present day County Road 400 East along Indiana State Road 2. Finally, in Jackson Township, the Lane Bridge & Iron Company constructed a bridge where present day Mander Road spans Coffee Creek, which was replaced in the 1970s.
Dunn’s Bridge is the only known surviving bridge that the Lane Bridge & Iron Works built in Porter County. In 1895, Porter County paid Lane Bridge & Iron Works $3,613.45 for the materials to construct Dunn's Bridge. It is unclear from the source of this information as to whether this represented one-half of the materials costs, with Jasper County paying the other one-half, or if this amount was the total cost of labor and materials.
The iron bridge span seen in this image was erected to replace the original wood bridge structure built by Isaac Dunn. It has long been rumored that the Dunn's Bridge iron framing was constructed from iron trusses taken from the world's first Ferris wheel that operated at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. This rumor is untrue since the top of the bridge arch flattens out and, more importantly, the 1893 Ferris wheel from the World's Columbian Exposition was removed to St. Louis, Missouri, for use at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition - being dynamited on May 11, 1906, and sold for scrap. Thus, the bridge's construction predated the dismantling of the Ferris wheel by many years.
The bridge trusses did indeed originate from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, but they originated from one or more of the domed or barrel-arched structures that were dismantled after the exposition. One persistent theory is that the arches for Dunn's Bridge were obtained from the dismantled Administration Building from the World's Columbian Exposition.
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The following newspaper item concerning Burrow's Camp appears in the July 29, 1915, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
Citizens Complain of Burrow's Camp.
Burrows’ camp, on the Kankakee, where Mr. Burrows hands out the refreshments from his saloon to many customers, is termed by some people of Jasper and Pulaski counties the black eye of this region. Many letters have been pouring into this county [Porter County] protesting against a saloon license, which may or may not be granted to Burrows at the next regular meeting of the county commissioners. The matter has been pending since two months ago. The commissioners have not indicated what will be done in regard to it.
Pulaski county is dry. So is Jasper. Hundreds of men, thirsting for the forbidden beverages in their own counties, come to Burrows' camp, the remonstrators claim, and families are distressed, homes broken up, and accidents to the merrymakers occur on the joyrides. Burrows, in the face of the accusations, declares that he runs the business in compliance with the law.
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The following newspaper item concerning Burrow's Camp appears in the July 11, 1918, issue of The Chesterton Tribune:
CHESTERTON LOCALS.
John Smith, in charge of the resort at Burrow's camp, on the Kankakee river, was arrested Thursday by Sheriff Forney on a charge of selling liquor. Nathan Samuels was acting as a bartender for Smith at the resort. The officers caught them in the act and found a quantity of liquor on hand. The resort at Burrow's camp is owned by a son of Smith, who is in the army. Both men were brought to Valparaiso and released on bonds. F. B. Parks was retained as counsel, and he will endeavor to prove that the liquid dispensed was not liquor. Prosecutor Jensen filed an affidavit against the men Friday morning and they will probably be bound over to the circuit court.
Sources:
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; December 25, 1897; Volume 14, Number 37, Page 1, Columns 1-2. Column titled "The News of the Week. Taxpayer of Valparaiso Throws a Bombshell Into Camp by Claiming the County Commissioners Have a New Bird to Throw Money at."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; July 29, 1915; Volume 32, Number 19, Page 8, Column 4. Column titled "Citizens Complain of Burrow's Camp."
The Chesterton Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; July 11, 1918; Volume 35, Number 17, Page 7, Column 5. Column titled "Chesterton Locals."
Nichols, Kay Folsom. 1965 The Kankakee: Chronicle of an Indiana River and Its Fabled Marshes. Brooklyn, New York: Theodore Gaus' Sons, Inc. 209 p.
The Westchester Tribune, Chesterton, Porter County, Indiana; October 23, 1897; Volume 14, Number 28, Page 1, Columns 3-5. Column titled "Those Iron Bridges. A Correspondent Asks Pertinent Questions About Them. And is Answered With the Testimony Given by Chairman Fulton of the County Board of Commissioners, Who Makes Some Startling Admissions."
Copyright 2023. Some rights reserved. The associated text may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of Steven R. Shook.
Az önhipnózis, egyrészt mint egy természetes, mélyen ellazult tudatállapot, másrészt, mint egy rendkívül lecsendesült, fókuszált figyelmi állapot rengeteg jótékony hatással bír. Tovább is megyek. Az általános jótékony hatásokon túl, ez egy olyan tudatállapot, amely képessé tesz bennünket önmagunk és magunkon keresztül az egész életünk megváltoztatására. Ez a tudatállapot a lelki "svájci bicskánk", roppant sokoldalú eszköz. Hogy mennyire? Lássuk!
1. Stresszoldó
A stressz lelki, fizikai hatásait mindenki ismeri, a paletta széles; közéjük tartozik az ingerültség, rosszkedvűség, izomfeszültség, hasi panaszok, vérnyomás ingadozás, fokozott verejtékezés, kedélyhullámzás, memória romlása, koncentrálási zavarok és így tovább. Egyre inkább terjed az a nézet is, hogy nagyon sok betegség kialakulásában is jelentős szerepet játszik a stressz.
A Wikipédia szerint:
"Hosszabb ideig fennálló tartós stressz hatására kialakulhat
Tartósan rossz közérzet
Szorongás
Pánikrohamok, esetleg pánikbetegség
Depresszió, Ingerlékenység
Soványság, elhízás
Csökkent ellenálló képesség
Menstruáció megszűnése
Hajhullás"
Az önhipnózis egy olyan természetes, megváltozott tudatállapot, melynek során egy rendkívül mély fizikai, érzelmi és mentális ellazulást élünk meg. Ez a szent hármas teszi lehetővé azt, hogy a testünk fellélegezzen és gyors ütemben elkezdje magát regenerálni. Egy szóval: nagyon-nagyon egészséges!
Az önhipnózis elsajátításakor a gyakorlók megtanulják, hogyan tudják a testüket és elméjüket gyorsan és akaratlagosan ellazítani, illetve megtanulják felismerni és tudatosan ellazítani az esetleges belső feszültségeket.
Az önhipnózis pusztán ezért az egy tulajdonságáért is megérdemli a helyet a kedvenc szabadidős tevékenységek között.
2. Önbizalom növelő
Ezt leginkább azok az emberek emelik ki, akik korábban nagyon is hadilábon álltak az önbizalommal.
Az önhipnózis során megtanuljuk a tudatalattink erőforrásait felismerni és felhasználni. Minél többet gyakorlunk, annál biztosabban érezzük ezt az erőt, és annál könnyebben tudjuk azt irányítani, a fejlődésünkre, illetve a céljainkra fordítani.
Egy idő múlva már nem lesz számunkra kérdés, hogy egy nagyszerű segítségünk van a mindennapok gondjainak leküzdésére, és fokozatosan a gondokat megtanuljuk kihívásokként értelmezni, amikhez minden eszközünk megvan, hogy megoldjuk.
Fokozatosan letesszük azokat a káros hiedelmeinket, miszerint kicsik és erőtlenek vagyunk a körülményekkel szemben, hiszen a belső tudatunk megadja számunkra azt a bölcsességet, amivel tisztán kezdjük látni az életünket és szerepünket.
3. Érzelmi intelligencia, empatikus képesség növekedése
Egyre divatosabb kifejezés manapság az érzelmi intelligencia. Mit is takar?
"Az érzelmi intelligencia (EI) az intelligencia vagy a képességek azon fajtája, ami a saját és mások érzelmeinek érzékelésével, kezelésével és pozitív befolyásolásával kapcsolatos." /Wikipédia
Ez számunkra a mindennapi életben azt jelenti, hogy az önhipnózis gyakorlásával egyre inkább tudatában leszünk érzelmeinknek, és nem csak akkor amikor már kitörtek vagy bajt okoztak. Lépésről lépésre, egyre inkább felismerjük az érzelmek valódi, mélyebben fekvő okait.
Egyre könnyebben észrevesszük azt, hogyan rángatnak minket ezek az érzelmek és egyre könnyebben megértjük és elfogadjuk más emberek szempontjait. Ezáltal könnyebben és tudatosabban irányítjuk az érzelmileg telített helyzeteket.
4. Problémamegoldó képesség javulása
A problémamegoldó képesség javulása egyenes következménye az érzelmi intelligencia fejlődésének. Ebben az esetben nem rohanunk vadul bele érzelmeinktől elvakítva konfliktusokba, hiszen az nem a probléma megoldását segítené csupán a feszültségek levezetését. A feszültségek kisütésének a következménye, hogy a másik fél is feszült lesz és egyre inkább a saját érzései vezérlik, mintsem a probléma mindkét fél számára való megoldásának a vágya.
Ugyanakkor nem is fojtjuk magunkba az érzéseket a konfliktustól való félelmünkben, vagy a "béke kedvéért", hiszen az elfojtás rengeteg negatív energiát hoz létre, ami így vagy úgy, de kihat mind a saját egészségünkre, mind a környezetünkre.
A két rossz megoldás helyett egyre jobban tudatában leszünk annak, hogyan hozzuk létre ezeket a negatív érzéseket, mivel hozzuk létre magunkban a feszültséget és belső tudatunk segítségével azt is elsajátítjuk, hogy hogyan lehet ezeket az érzéseket időben feloldani, transzformálni. Így energiánkat átalakítjuk, hogy inkább segítsen a probléma megoldásában, ahelyett, hogy súlyosbítaná azt.
5. Kiegyensúlyozottság, belső nyugalom erősödése
Szintén "mellékhatása" a rendszeres önhipnózis gyakorlásnak, hogy egyre nyugodtabbá válunk a hétköznapokban.
Mivel érzelmeink egyre jobban tudatosulnak és egyre jobban megtanuljuk ezeket az érzelmi energiákat felismerni és pozitív érzelmekké alakítani, így nem halmozódnak fel bennünk a feszültségek.
A nehéz helyzeteket is egyre higgadtabban tudjuk kezelni, ami ismét csak visszahat ránk, hiszen a környezetünk is csillapodik a mi hatásunkra. Ez a hatás-ellenhatás elve.
6. Öröm, felszabadultság és egyéb pozitív érzések erősödése
Ez a személyes kedvencem. Az öröm és felszabadultság érzet természetes közegünkké válik. Ez nem jelenti azt, hogy örökké rózsaszín szemüvegben röpködünk a föld felett, egyszerűen csak annyit jelent, hogy egyre több apróságban megéljük az élet szépségét. Emellett ugyanilyen tisztán megéljük a szomorúságot vagy egyéb érzelmeket, amikor azoknak jön el az ideje, de nem ragadunk bennük, nem kötjük magunkat hozzájuk, mintha minden pozitív érzelem pusztán illúzió lenne.
Megéljük azt, hogy az életöröm természetes állapotunk. Ez az az állapot, amikor az élet minden mozzanata jelentőséggel bír, bármily csekélynek tűnjön is. Elkezdjük észrevenni, mennyi öröm és szépség vesz minket körül, mennyi csodának vagyunk részesei.
Megtanultuk, hogy természetesnek vegyük, mindazt, ami minket körül vesz. Természetes, hogy van kezünk, lábunk, szeretteink vagy nap és égbolt. Mintha mindez járna nekünk, így nem is fordítunk ezekre a dolgokra különösebb figyelmet.
Ha visszaemlékszünk a gyerekkorunkra, akkor talán felrémlik, milyen apróságok tudtak minket elvarázsolni, mennyi örömet rejtett a pocsolyában való ugrálás (amíg valamelyik kevésbé megértő szülő véget nem vetett a röpködésnek), a homokvár építés friss sárga homokból vagy egy szarvasbogár nézegetése. Ez volt az a tudatállapot, amikor a lehetőségek még ott hemzsegtek körülöttünk, bennünk. Ehhez a tudatállapothoz térünk vissza, csak ezúttal már több megértéssel (remélhetőleg), de semmivel sem kevesebb örömmel.
7. Életcélunk, a világlátásunk tisztul
Amíg érzelmeink és a tudatalattiba száműzött energiáink nincsenek rendbe téve, úgy csetlünk-botlunk az életben, mint egy telezsúfolt, teleszemetelt, sötét lakásban. Célunk homályos, nehezen kivehető, és időnként azt vesszük észre, hogy rossz irányba megyünk, ez a cél nem is a mienk, vagy ha a mienk is volt, mégsem lettünk boldogabbak tőle. Nem beszélve a keresgélés során összetört kis lábujjakról.
Amikor elkezdjük az önhipnózist rendszeresen gyakorolni és a belső tudatunkkal végre kapcsolatot felvenni, akkor az olyan, mintha elemlámpát gyújtanánk. Egyszerre ugyan csak egy kis részt világít be, de ahogy elkezdjük a szobákat apránként rendbe rakni, egyre nagyobb tér szabadul fel bennük önmagunk és a számunkra fontos emberek számára. Ezzel együtt egyre tisztábbá válnak valódi, belső lelki céljaink.
A lelki szobánk egyre világosabb és otthonosabb lesz, így válik életünk is egyre "otthonosabbá" önmagunk és szeretteink számára.
8. Az emberi kapcsolatok javulása
Az önhipnózis önmagunk megváltoztatásának egyik leghatékonyabb módja.
De mit is értünk önmagunk megváltoztatásán?
Belső önmagunk, lelkünk már most is tökéletes. Nem szorul változtatásra.
Ami változtatásra szorul az a viselkedésünk, szokásaink, berögzült hiedelmeink és ezáltal az energiánk. Az, ahogyan az energiánkat használjuk, torzítjuk és kisugározzuk. Ez kihat miránk és a környezetünkre is, és ez alapvetően meghatározza az emberi kapcsolatainkat.
Az önhipnózis során megtanuljuk, hogyan használjuk a saját energiánkat, hogyan merevítjük káros viselkedésmódokká, szokásokká majd jellemvonásokká.
"Én már csak ilyen vagyok." Ismerős? Kényelmes kifogás azért, hogy ne kelljen szembenézni önmagunkkal.
A tudatosítás azt jelenti, hogy megtanuljuk megkülönböztetni önmagunkat és azt a sok belső, tudatalatti programot, amely a mai személyiségünket alkotja. Egyre jobban megtanuljuk a saját káros programjainkat felismerni és átírni pozitív, hasznos módon.
Az emberek tudat alatt a viselkedésünkön, hozzáállásunkon és lényünkön keresztül kisugárzott energiára reagálnak.
"Jó kisugárzása van."
Ez nem más, mint valaki, aki nyitott, pozitív módon, használja az energiáját. A pozitív energia pedig vonzerővel bír, ezzel nem árultam el titkot.
9. Az önismeret rendkívüli mértékben megnő
Talán nem is kell ragozni, hogy egyenes következménye a belső énünkkel való munkának, hogy egyre többet tudunk meg magunkról.
Aki szereti magát abban a tévhitben ringatni, hogy már mindent tud önmagáról és már semmi újat nem lehet neki ezzel kapcsolatban mondani, annak sajnos azt kell mondanom, hogy igaz a közhely, ez egy végtelen út. Minél többet ismerünk meg önmagunkból, annál inkább rádöbbenünk arra, mennyi új megismerni való vár még ránk.
Ez ne riasszon meg senkit. Ez egy nagyon gyümölcsöző út, ami önmagunk felé vezet. Érdekes, izgalmas és gyönyörű, mint egy nagyon érdekesen megírt könyv. Tele van csavarokkal, és a kép egyre jobban kitágul, egyre több részlet mutatkozik meg. Lassanként rájövünk, hogy sokkal többek vagyunk, mint ahogy gondoltuk.
Ezzel együtt a felismeréssel együtt, érdekes módon, kialakul egy csodálattal vegyes alázat saját lényünk iránt. Minél inkább rálátunk, ráérzünk belső, isteni lényünkre, annál inkább felismerjük, milyen pici dobozba próbáltuk bepréselni téves elképzeléseinkkel. Tisztelni kezdjük önmagunkat a szó legnemesebb értelmében, mert meglátjuk a lélekben a végtelent.
10. Spirituális fejlődés
Ezzel el is érkeztünk ahhoz a ponthoz, ahova tudat alatt mindannyian törekszünk.
Önmagunkon, belső tudatunkon keresztül nyílik ki a kapu a belső, végtelen fény felé. Ahogy elkezdjük egyre jobban beengedni a fényt önmagunkba, megértjük, mennyi érzésünk pusztán annak a következménye volt, hogy elzártuk magunkat a saját belső fényünktől, amely a végtelen fény része.
A belső tudat fényében világossá válik, hogy a magány, az elhagyatottság, az elveszettség mind nem más, mint "hiánybetegség". A fény hiányának betegsége. Érezni fogjuk, hogy ezt a fényt nem vette el tőlünk senki, nem vonta meg tőlünk senki, senki nem taszított minket a sötétségbe, hanem mi zártuk ki magunkból a belső energiáinkat. Burokként összezárultunk magunk körül, kizárva a fényt és a sötétben megéltük a fény hiányát, mint végtelen magányt és elhagyatottságot.
Belső tudatunk segít megérteni a fontos összefüggéseket az életünkben. A látszólag kívülről ránk szakadt körülmények törvényszerűségeit. Természetesen mindezt lépésről lépésre tanuljuk meg, mindenki a saját ütemében, a saját módján, a saját fejlődési szintjén. Sürgetni nincs értelme. A belső tudat mindent a mi képességeinkhez mér.
Ugyanakkor biztosak lehetünk benne, hogy ez a tanulás mindannyiunknak nagyon sok hasznot hoz.
Annyi haszontalan dolgot megtanultunk életünkben, ideje végre életünk legfontosabb leckéinek nekilátnunk.
És +1: Az önhipnózis roppant kellemes!
Az ellazulás, illetve az érzelmek feloldása, felszabadítása egyre kellemesebb élménnyé teszi az önhipnózist.
Javaslom napi rendszerességgel végezni (ismerem a kifogásokat, de gondoljunk arra, hogy a számunkra igazán fontos dolgokra mégis szoktunk tudni időt szakítani!), egy idő múlva már kifejezetten igényelni fogjuk!
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*Project Neverland is a way for us to show our love for Movies, TV Shows and Books in a Fashion way. We make references, not cosplays.
Model: Jenniré Narváez.
Team:
-Daniela Salvador
-Jenniré Narváez
-Julia Olivo
Project Neverland Instagram: instagram.com/projectneverlandpn/
Project Neverland Twitter: twitter.com/ProjNeverland
Facebook: www.facebook.com/jennireanarvaez
Twitter: twitter.com/TheJennire
Instagram- Jenniré: instagram.com/thejennire
Instagram- Daniela: instagram.com/danisalvador/
Instagram- Julia: instagram.com/olivojulia/
Instragram 2: instagram.com/jennirenarvaezphotography
Tumblr: thejennire.tumblr.com/
The Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve is a protected area consisting of wetlands and surrounding monsoon and dry forests approximately 70 km (43 mi) east of Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia (a comfortable 1 hour drive from Darwin CBD or suburbs).
The Reserve lies within the Adelaide and Mary River Floodplains, which is an Important Bird Area.
Fogg Dam Conservation Reserve was created after the demise of an unsuccessful rice farming project which operated in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The dam was originally created as dry season water storage facility for the rice crop.
The reserve attracts a wide range of local and migratory water birds and other wildlife including one of the largest populations of snakes within Australia (including the Water Python and Death Adder), and includes a several raised observation platforms.
Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) and Freshwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) can be seen at Fogg Dam all year around.
Fogg Dam is open 24 hrs per day all days of the year. The only limitation is that during very heavy monsoon rain periods, water may overflow the dam wall (which serves as a road through the reserve) and limit traffic to high-clearance vehicles.
In some years, the dam wall may be temporarily damaged by monsoon rain overflows and be impassable for a short section.
The open nature of the reserve along the dam wall makes it an excellent site for birds in flight (BIF) photography.
The highest bird activity for BIF photography occurs later in the wet and early dry season (say March to June) when thousands of waterbirds and other water-attracted species are moving around the reserve.
Passerine species can be best photographed from treed areas, and the Woodlands and Monsoon Forest tracks.
And this is my 'Snow Queen' - which I did some time ago.
Personally, I am most happy with my hair - although I don't have a tablet, but I think it looked quite nicely - modesty XD
And what do you think about this photo?
"The New Town (Czech: Nové Město) is a quarter in the city of Prague in the Czech Republic. New Town is the youngest and largest of the five independent (from the Middle Ages until 1784) towns that today comprise the historic center of modern Prague. New Town was founded in 1348 by Charles IV just outside the city walls to the east and south of the Old Town and encompassed an area of 7.5 km²; about three times the size of the Old Town. The population of Prague in 1378 was well over 40,000, perhaps as much as twice that, making it the 4th most populated city north of the Alps and, by area, the 3rd largest city in Europe. Although New Town can trace its current layout to its construction in the 14th century, only few churches and administrative buildings from this time survive. There are many secular and educational buildings in New Town, but also especially magnificent gothic and baroque churches. These nevertheless are not the main drawing points for tourists. New Town's most famous landmark is Wenceslas Square, which was originally built as a horsemarket and now functions as a center of commerce and tourism. In the 15th century, the Novoměstská radnice, or New Town Hall, was the site of the first of the three defenestrations of Prague.
Prague (/ˈprɑːɡ/ PRAHG; Czech: Praha [ˈpraɦa]; German: Prag [pʁaːk]; Latin: Praga) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate oceanic climate, with relatively warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague is a political, cultural, and economic hub of central Europe, with a rich history and Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architectures. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and residence of several Holy Roman Emperors, most notably Charles IV (r. 1346–1378) and Rudolf II (r. 1575–1611).
It was an important city to the Habsburg monarchy and Austro-Hungarian Empire. The city played major roles in the Bohemian and the Protestant Reformations, the Thirty Years' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era.
Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions, many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe. Main attractions include Prague Castle, Charles Bridge, Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock, the Jewish Quarter, Petřín hill and Vyšehrad. Since 1992, the historic center of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites.
The city has more than ten major museums, along with numerous theatres, galleries, cinemas, and other historical exhibits. An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city. It is home to a wide range of public and private schools, including Charles University in Prague, the oldest university in Central Europe.
Prague is classified as a "Alpha-" global city according to GaWC studies. In 2019, the city was ranked as 69th most livable city in the world by Mercer. In the same year, the PICSA Index ranked the city as 13th most livable city in the world. Its rich history makes it a popular tourist destination and as of 2017, the city receives more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. In 2017, Prague was listed as the fifth most visited European city after London, Paris, Rome, and Istanbul.
Bohemia (Latin Bohemia, German Böhmen, Polish Czechy) is a region in the west of the Czech Republic. Previously, as a kingdom, they were the center of the Czech Crown. The root of the word Czech probably corresponds to the meaning of man. The Latin equivalent of Bohemia, originally Boiohaemum (literally "land of Battles"), which over time also influenced the names in other languages, is derived from the Celtic tribe of the Boios, who lived in this area from the 4th to the 1st century BC Bohemia on it borders Germany in the west, Austria in the south, Moravia in the east and Poland in the north. Geographically, they are bounded from the north, west and south by a chain of mountains, the highest of which are the Krkonoše Mountains, in which the highest mountain of Bohemia, Sněžka, is also located. The most important rivers are the Elbe and the Vltava, with the fertile Polabean Plain extending around the Elbe. The capital and largest city of Bohemia is Prague, other important cities include, for example, Pilsen, Karlovy Vary, Kladno, Ústí nad Labem, Liberec, Hradec Králové, Pardubice and České Budějovice, Jihlava also lies partly on the historical territory of Bohemia." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Ushuaia is the largest city of Tierra del Fuego with 60,000 inhabitants. Aroudn the city are numberous glaciers, mountains and the Beagle Chanel. To the east is a property called EsStancia Harberton .When whie settlers arriveed atushuaia in 1880 the Yamama people numered around 3,000 souls. By 1910 only 1000 Yamam still existed. The city was founded in 1884. From ushuaia you can take a crusie on the Beagle Chanel named after Charles Darwin's ship. Behind the city is Tierra del Fuego Nationa Park.You can take an excursion into the park on the End of the World Railway built in 1896. The park was established in 1960 and it has a border with chile. The park is known for its waterfalls,swamps, Nothofagus antartica, wildlife including beavers etc.
Mesa Arch is one of the most photographed rock formations in the world and during our visit to Moab I had to plan ahead to be there at the right time. For this shot, I woke up at 4:30 packed everything in the car and was on the road at 5:15. We were staying in a condo 5 miles south of Moab and the drive to Mesa Arch was about an hour. Everywhere was pitch black and no one was on the road, but when we got there, there were couple other cars parked. The hike from the parking lot to the Arch is about 10 minutes and 4 other photographers were all setup and waiting for the sunrise. I was glad to be there early to get a good spot, around sunrise there were about 25-30 other photographers around me. We were not so lucky and there was a bit of cloud on the horizon so we missed that shot but after 10-15 minutes the sun showed up and all you could hear was camera shutters going insane. This is one of my favorite shots I took that morning. Canyonland National Park, UT.
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Now summer is over and my lack of photographs being uploaded has continued despite my many attempts and many apology's. I do wish I had more time to upload my photographs but I have been working extra shifts and focusing on my Alevels as it is my last year before university. I hope sincerly that my efforts are being put to good use although I miss my efforts put in sharing my photographs on Flickr and I regret my neglect for it deeply. I enjoy sharing my photographs as photography is my biggest passion as is what I strive to study beyond Alevel, thus being my chosen course in which I want to study at university next year. With the thought of university and actually applying to university I am going to have to have to take an extra focus in on my photography and do everything I can to improve my chances of receiving an offer to my particular choices. Needless to say that Flickr plays a big role in this therefore I hope but do not promise that photo's will be being uploaded more frequently and more regularly.
Aside from my personal life and goals this is another awaited image from my vist to Stratford-Upon-Avon in April earlier this year. It only seems appropriate that I continue to upload these photographs before any recent ones as they have been sitting on my computer without a purpose. I want to give these images a purpose as the weekend was beautiful and one which the memories will live on forever. I enjoyed taking these photographs and I am proud to say that these photographs are mine.
This is the memorial to not one but two mining disasters at Auchengeich. In 1931 six miners were killed by an explosion - a number of their comrades tried to go back to save them, but were overcome by fumes and had to be rescued themselves.
The second disaster was in 1959, when 47 men were trapped by a blaze, a thousand feet below the surface of the Earth. So severe was the fire and smoke (most were overcome by the smoke, it is thought) that the rescue attempts could not get close, and eventually they were left with no choice but to flood the put to dowse the flames.
47 men gone just like that, dozens of families shattered. My mother was a wee girl when it happened, but she remembered some of the children whose family members were in the pit being taken out of school, wailing and screaming their grief. The history books like to talk about the Great Events - the Industrial Revolution, exploration, empire and all of that, but often neglects that everything was built on the broad backs of men who laboured in such dangerous conditions for little reward.
...worms that is, the female has two tender little green ones to the males one brown grub.
I observed these two for a short time, as they came and went. Upon returning (each time successful) they were unsure of my car which was parked across the road from their nest box. They would buzz by several times before landing. They either decided I was not a threat or their parental instincts were too strong to resist. I took a few pictures and then left them to parent on.
Taken last Saturday (8/16) at Bombay Hook NWR........where else! : )
This is Mari her name is short for something I have no chance in spelling correctly. She goes by Mari and she works at The Bar B-Q Pit in Merced, California. She was kind enough to pose for me and give me tips on things to do here. Thanks a whole bunch Mari.
This picture is #9 in my 100 strangers project. Find out more about the project and see pictures taken by other photographers at the 100 Strangers Flickr Group page