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The EBRD is stepping up its support for Georgia’s efforts to improve the country’s energy security. The Bank is increasing a $38.5 million loan for the rehabilitation and modernisation of Georgia’s state-owned Enguri hydro power plant by $10 million. Once completed, the overhaul of the facility will increase the output of the plant by at least 15 per cent.
The Enguri hydro power plant was built in the 1970s and is located at the border with Abkhazia. Its arch dam is the tallest of this type in the world. With an installed capacity of 1,300 MW, generated in five units, the plant would be able to supply about half of Georgia’s present electricity demand. As the country is a net-importer of electricity, the full rehabilitation of the plant will lessen its dependence from external suppliers.
The first phase of the rehabilitation was started in 1998 when the EBRD’s original loan was approved and work is now nearing completion. In addition to urgent repair work it includes the reconstruction of unit 3 and the rehabilitation of the two oldest units at the plant. The second phase includes the rehabilitation of the two remaining units and some additional civil works on the dam.
In addition, the project will also support the reform of the local power sector by supporting a law on renewables and energy efficiency by end-2007, the adoption of which is a key element of the agreement.
The original loan in 1998 had been co-financed by a US$ 10 million grant from the European Commission (EC) who have now provided an additional grant in excess of USD 2 million for the second phase of the project.
Okada Projects Ground Control connects to the ground side of the ignition coil to create a ultra fast alternating current at the secondary spark discharge. The process is called Coil Ground Tuning, which creates an increased spark effectiveness and faster burn that results in increased...
www.vividracing.com/blog/announcing-new-products-specials...
The Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad (C&TS) is a narrow gauge heritage railroad running between Chama, New Mexico and Antonito, Colorado. It runs over the 10,015 ft Cumbres Pass.
The track was originally laid in 1880 by the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. In 1970 the C&TS began to take tourists on six-hour trips between the two towns, using steam locomotives.
As Denver & Rio Grande Railroad San Juan Extension, the railway was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The boundaries of the NRHP listed area were increased in 2007.
Liu Xianbin, like an increasing number of Chinese rights activists, wrote and published an account of this interrogation by Public Security. In this March 2010 meeting, the police asked him about some articles critical of the Communist Pary he had released on a foreign website. Liu, who has been deprived of political rights due to his previous conviction for subversion, answered that since I am not allowed to express my views within China I have no alternative but to express them on foreign websites. Liu noted that the interrogators were courteous. They gave him this acknowledgement of the interrogation. Liu concludes writing that before the interrogation he thought he was being called in because of the annual meetings underway then in March of the National People's Congress and of the Chinese People's Consultative Congress. From the questions he asked, he realized, he wrote, that the police were building a case against him based on articles he had published on overseas websites. The names of the articles he was asked about:
1.刘晓波遭重判之后的民间道路选择 www.boxun.com/hero/201001/lxb/106_1.shtml
2.宪政民主：走出东方专制主义藩篱 www.chinesepen.org/Article/sxsy/201001/Article_2010011003...
3.从“人民当家做主”说起 www.chinesepen.org/Article/sxsy/201001/Article_2010012205...
4.遥思兄弟登高处，凤凰山上少一人——达州“元九”登高忆王森兄 www.chinesepen.org/Article/sxsy/201003/Article_2010030119...
这四篇文章分别是：《刘晓波遭重判之后的民间道路选择》、《宪政民主：走出东方专制主义藩篱》、《从“人民当家做主”说起》和《遥思兄弟登高处，凤凰山上少一人——达州“元九”登高忆王森兄》 Liu was also asked if had been receiving money from outside China.
Liu Xianbin is now imprisoned in Suining awaiting indictment, likely on subversion charges. Following is the article Liu wrote about his interrogation.
Liu Xianbin's article about his March 2010 interrogation is copied below.
谈被传唤的经历
刘贤斌
被传唤经历之一：今天上午8点45分，四川遂宁国保阳毅打电话通知我到市局，我叫他们开车来接我。阳毅说不行，让我乘公交车。我说不来接我，我就不去。阳毅说他们已经开好了传唤证，如果不去，他们就对我进行拘传。
被传唤经历之二：我没有理会阳毅的话，就离家到河边散步，阳毅打来电话，问我在哪里？我说我在散步。大约过了一个多小时，他们都没有找我，后来我才发现我的手机没有话费了，于是我又去充了话费。
被传唤经历之三：接下来我就一个人到“凌江阁”喝茶，这时李宇发来短信问我的情况，并希望我冷静对待此事，我回信说：“该勃起的时候要勃起”，又让他上推说：“两会期间，刘贤斌不仅被代表，而且被强奸。”稍后陈卫也来到“凌江阁”，我们一起吃了午饭，然后又找了一个朋友来一起斗地主。下午2点20分，遂宁国保的张全打来电话，问我在哪里，并说过十分钟开车过来接我。于是我就跟他到了市局。
被传唤经历之四：二十分钟后张全把我带到了遂宁国保支队的办公室里，由阳毅对我进行询问。阳毅首先出示了警官证，然后又让我看了《犯罪嫌疑人诉讼权利义务告知书》，并将传唤证递给我看，让我在上面签了字。
被传唤经历之五：阳毅首先问我是否最近在什么网站上发表了文章，我说记不清楚了。阳毅就递给我一叠资料，我一看，原来是我这两个月在《民主中国》和《议报》上面发表的四篇文章。
被传唤经历之六：这四篇文章分别是：《刘晓波遭重判之后的民间道路选择》、《宪政民主：走出东方专制主义藩篱》、《从“人民当家做主”说起》和《遥思兄弟登高处，凤凰山上少一人——达州“元九”登高忆王森兄》
被传唤经历之七：阳毅问这四篇文章是不是我写的，我说是。他又问有什么目的，我说只是表达自己的思想感情。他又说这违反了“剥权期”的规定，我说我在国内发表言论受到限制，我就只好到国外发表。
被传唤经历之八：阳毅又问我文章怎么发出去的，对此我拒绝回答。又问我收到稿费没有，我说没有。他又问我胡平的情况，我说我不清楚，只是朋友。他又问我收到过境外的钱没有，对此我拒绝回答。
被传唤经历之九：阳毅又问我最近参加什么签名活动没有，并且又拿出一份资料给我，原来也是从网上下载的两份公开信，一份是西南地区部分人士对刘晓波受到重判的抗议信，一份是四川朋友的拜年信。
被传唤经历之十：阳毅问我是否参加了这两次签名，我说我当时同意了签上我的名字。阳毅问是不是我起草的，我说不是。他又问是谁起草和组织的，我对此拒绝回答。
被传唤经历之十一：阳毅又问我最近是否去过达州，我说去过，文章中已经进行了详细描述。他又问向主管派出所请假没有，我说没有。于是他又将“剥权期”的八条规定向我宣读了一遍，以前每次传唤都这样。
被传唤经历之十二：大概在下午4点，整个传唤正式结束，我在询问记录上面签上了自己的名字，并在每份资料上签字并按上手印。之后张全又进来与我很客气地聊了一会儿，接着就由他把我送回了家。
被传唤经历之十三：我原以为这次传唤是因为两会，结果他们根本没有提到两会的事情。在传唤之前，我已经做好了被他们处以行政拘留的准备，但他们还是没有这样做，不过我也清楚这是早晚的事情。
2010年3月4日
[The Chinese Independent Pen Center has a collection of Liu Xianbin's writings at boxun.com/hero/201003/lxb/3_1.shtml ]
State Senator Carlo Leone, right, stands with Stamford Police Officer Troy Strauser and other state and local officials after Governor Malloy signed new legislation into law that increases legal penalties for interference with an officer that results in the death or serious injury of another person. Officer Strasuer was critically injured while participating in a police chase in May of 2012, and the suspect in question later plead guilty to a mere misdemeanor. Left to right: Chief State’s Attorney Kevin Kane, Rep. Gerald Fox (D-Stamford); Assistant State’s Attorney David Applegate; Joe Kennedy, President of the Stamford Police Union; Officer Troy Strauser; Mrs. Torey Strauser; and Senator Leone.
U.S. Deputy Secretary of State William Burns discusses increasing U.S. engagement in the Asia Pacific region, including establishing a positive relationship with China, working towards North Korea's denuclearization, and building a new regional architecture, at the University of Tokyo in Japan on October 27, 2011. [State Department photo/ Public Domain]
Increasing agricultural productivity & enhancing food security in Africa conference, 1-3 Nov 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Organized by IFPRI. For more information go to the conference website (photo credit: ILRI/Zerihun Sewunet).
Dr. Sarita Teotia (www.elawoman.com/noida/doctor/dr-sarita) is a famous Infertility and IVF Specialist with more than 14 years of experience. she is currently practisiting at Adam and Eve Test Tube Baby and Fertility Centre (www.elawoman.com/noida/hospital/adam-and-eve-test-tube-ba...) .Dr. Anita K Sharma (www.elawoman.com/noida/doctor/dr-anita-k-sharma) is a globally prepared and a well known name in the realm of obstetrics and gynecology. she is currently practisiting at Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital (www.elawoman.com/delhi/hospital/max-smart-super-specialit...) . For more details, you can visit this link: www.elawoman.com/blog/fertility-boosters/how-to-increase-...
The Pakistan Strategy Support Program (PSSP) held the conference, “Increasing Productivity and Unleashing Growth” at the Serena Hotel in Islamabad on May 26-27th, 2012. This conference also marked the final round of the Competitive Grants Program that was launched by PSSP in January 2012 for Pakistani PhD and graduate students studying locally and abroad on economic development issues of Pakistan. The finalists presented in front of the Research Advisory Committee, donor heads, professors and students from local universities. The event also consisted of plenary sessions on Pakistan’s various economic growth issues by renowned academics from all over the world, such as Dr. Jock Anderson, Dr. Regina Birner and Dr. David Spielman.
Impress Your partner- goo.gl/r9Yrej
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Leopard skins are in increasing demand among members of South Africa's Shembe Baptist Church, which has adopted the Zulu practice of wearing spotted cat fur (mainly leopard) during religious celebrations. Although trade in leopard skins is illegal in South Africa, the practice is widespread and expanding among the Shembe's estimated 5 million members. In order to reduce demand for real leopard skins, Tristan Dickerson, Panthera's Leopard Program Coordinator, has spent the past year working with digital designers and clothing companies to create a high-quality and affordable faux leopard skin which he will present at a future Shembe gathering.
This photo was taken by Tristan at a Shembe gathering that he visited to investigate the use of real and fake leopard skins.
Watch the CNN Inside Africa videos featuring Tristan and the Munyawana Project at bit.ly/pC6hxa
Learn more about the project at bit.ly/grsB9V
Learn more about Tristan at bit.ly/pzuAGB
Increase your SALES with ZoomCharts!
ZoomCharts had an excellent time participating in the TechHub Rīga March Meetup on March 12, 2015, taking place at Kaļķu street 12/14, Rīga, LV-1050, Latvia.
ZoomCharts CEO and Co-Founder Janis Volbergs gave an engaging presentation on the startup path from idea, to market, to investment, and what it takes to build a product from the ground up and take it to a new level.
How did it all start?
A problem was spotted. There were no visualization libraries delivering truly interactive charts for touch enabled devices that were capable of working with big data.
And so the idea emerged. This was the right time to build such a library.
Why?
Because touch screen displays will become a $31.9 billion dollar market by 2018. Smart mobile sensor devices were used by 1.75 billion people in 2014. The Big Data market will grow exponentially (from $8.8 billion in 2013), to $48 billion in 2018. HTML5 adoption is wide enough and touch enabled devices are powerful enough to generate interactive visualizations.
The ingredients for a successful startup include:
1. A grand vision. ZoomCharts’ vision is to become the number one SDK for interactive chart development in web and mobile apps.
2. A realistic plan for execution and getting your vision implemented.
3. (Most importantly) A team, able to see the grand vision and execute the plan.
ZoomCharts started small, but focused. A vision was set, a core team of professionals was assembled, and a detailed business plan was derived, which led to a €200,000 seed investment.
The product was created in less than a year, and launched public downloads and a shop in March 2014.
In less than a year, the customer list grew to include companies such as TCI Business Capital, Hewlett Packard, D8 Corporation, Proteus Enterprise, Narus, SwissLife, Taykey, Derivitec, Sensors, Click & Pledge, Ryan Scientific, Inc., Booxs, Frostbyte Consulting, Image webdesign, Norbit, Helm, Zengo, Ense Group, RCS, Helbling, Loonloon, Fractalerts, Thinktecture, bitmama, KeeSystem, Trulia, Maxfone, and many more.
Increase your SALES with ZoomCharts!
ZoomCharts started with a €0 investment in dedicated marketing. A follow up investment of €500,000 raised in November 2014 enabled us to scale our team from 3 to 11, and get us moving forward fast.
Today, the ZoomCharts team has grown from 3 to 11, and has raised a total investment of €700,000. We’ve reached 40 paying customers, and growing, and there have been over 700 trials started, and growing.
Current challenges include brand building, marketing and sales, and incorporation into the US, including patents.
Despite the challenges, ZoomCharts is excited about the company’s future, which includes plans such as:
1. Raise €5-7 million to massively expand sales and marketing.
2. Expand the team to 40+ within the next two years.
3. Launch multiple SAAS solutions that would let a much wider audience take advantage of the benefits ZoomCharts provides.
We are proud to be part of ZoomCharts, and we are glad to hear that our customers love ZoomCharts as much as we do!
Check out ZoomCharts products:
Network Chart
Big network exploration
Increase your SALES with ZoomCharts!
Explore linked data sets. Highlight relevant data with dynamic filters and visual styles. Incremental data loading. Exploration with focus nodes.
Time Chart
Time navigation and exploration tool
Browse activity logs, select time ranges. Multiple data series and value axes. Switch between time units.
Pie Chart
Amazingly intuitive hierarchical data exploration
Get quick overview of your data and drill down when necessary. All in a single easy to use chart.
Facet Chart
Scrollable bar chart with drill-down
Compare values side by side and provide easy access to the long tail.
ZoomCharts
The world’s most interactive data visualization software
#zoomcharts #interactive #data #datavisualization #charts #graphs #bigdata #dataviz #TechHub #Riga #Latvia #March #meetup #JanisVolbergs #TCI #HewlettPackard #HP #D8 #ProteusEnterprise #Narus #SwissLife #Taykey #Derivitec #Sensors #Click&Pledge #RyanScientific #Booxs #Frostbyte #Imagewebdesign #Norbit #Helm #Zengo #EnseGroup #RCS #Helbling #Loonloon #Fractalerts #Thinktecture #bitmama #KeeSystem #Trulia #Maxfone
A graph showing the increase in oceanic CO2 concentration and in ocean acidity between 1985 and 2005.
I continue to push for increased food stamp benefits for Rota and Tinian, where food costs are very high. I met with a Department of Agriculture official, Mr. Scott Carter of the Food and Nutrition Service, to make the case. I gave him the Commonwealth Commerce Department’s recent report showing that prices on Rota are up 10.5 percent and on Tinian 16.5 percent since 2010. Food stamp recipients throughout the Northern Marianas should all be able to buy the same amount of food each month. Increasing the benefit for Rota and Tinian will make sure everyone has equal buying power under the food stamp program.
ما در تلاش و دریا به تلاطم
With each new breath
With each increase
Back to the future
Way
All sea eruption
Sleep is measure
Still
Tired hands and feet
Persuade us to move
Breathe in waves take
I wish the tears would Angzt
I was
The angry sea
Cry no fish
Do not you
Waves are drowned Stand
The winds
With worst
Time, hug someone
The storm is over
More than anything else
I was
Simile renewed
Involuntarily
Sound waves are three
Flightless bird not
Each hand
Created new waves
Peak in the sky forever
A hint comes
Regtet not
To sleep each sump tubes
Zain in its simple
What is sleep at night
What is the sea
What is wave
The fear of the storm
I wish
In this moment
Encouraged to meet
Oh what a beautiful waves
Fish in each hand
To swim
Salmon
To remain afloat
Read more
What is the appearance
Open World
Whale drawn
In a moment
The world of white fish
How convenient for fish
In exile feed
Is a moment
I was
Moments are drawn
I was
The release said the birds
Thierry any purpose to them and not
Each hand flew each
Nest was
Never would not have to catch hunters
Instead, I have
Garden Shows
We maintain the natural forests
No attempt
The bread was not hungry
Nature remains Algebra
Without taxes and interest
Bread can be found day and night
We strive to swell and sea
Ahmad Hesam
Mit jedem Atemzug neue
Mit jedem Anstieg
Zurück nach vorn
Way
Alle Meer Eruption
Der Schlaf ist Maß
Still
Müde Hände und Füße
Überredet uns zu bewegen
Atme in Wellen nehmen
Ich wünsche den Tränen würden Angzt
Ich war
Der wütende Meer
Cry keine Fische
Haben Sie nicht
Wellen sind ertrunken Stand
Die Winde
Mit schlimmste
Zeit ist, jemanden umarmen
Der Sturm ist vorbei
Stärker als alles andere
Ich war
Simile erneuert
Unwillkürlich
Schallwellen werden dreier
Flug Vogel nicht
Jede Hand
Erstellt neue Wellen
Peak in den Himmel für immer
Ein Hauch kommt
Regtet nicht
Um Schlaf jede Sumpfrohren
Zain in seiner schlichten
Was ist in der Nacht schlafen
Was ist das Meer
Was ist Welle
Die Angst vor dem Sturm
Ich wünsche
In diesem Moment
Ermutigt zu erfüllen
Oh was für eine schöne Wellen
Fisch auf jeder Hand
Schwimmen möchten
Lachs
Um weiterhin über Wasser
Weiter lesen
Was ist das Aussehen
Open Welt
Wale gezeichnet werden
In einem Moment
Die Welt der Fische weiss
Wie bequem für Fische
Im Exil-Feed
Gibt einen Moment
Ich war
Moments gezogen werden
Ich war
Die Freisetzung sagte der Vögel
Thierry jeden Zweck zu ihnen und nicht
Jede Hand flog jedes
Nest wurde
Nie würde nicht zu fangen Jäger haben
Stattdessen habe ich
Zeigt Garten
Wir pflegen die natürlichen Wälder
Kein Versuch
Das Brot war nicht hungrig
Die Natur bleibt Algebra
Ohne Steuern und Zinsen
Brot Tag und Nacht zu finden sind
Wir bemühen uns, anschwellen und Meer
Ahmad Hesam
تلاش ما تلاطم دریا
هر نفسی تازه میکشی
با هر خیزشی
دوباره به جلو رفتن
راهی است
دریا همه رویش
خوابش اشفته است
هنوز
دست و پا های خسته
به حرکت وا میدارد ما را
موجها نفست را میگیرنند
کاش میشد اشک را تعدید کرد
کاش می شد
در قهر دریا
گریه هیچ ماهی را
نمی دیدی
غرق موجها می شوی
بادها هم
با همه هیجانش
هم اغوش کسی نیست
طوفانی به سر دارد
قوی تر از هر چیز
کاش می شد
لبخند ها را تمدید کرد
بی اختیار
صدای امواج را می پیجاند
پرنده ای نیست پروازم دهد
از هر سویی
موجهای تازه می افریند
تا اوج اسمان همیشه
یک نفس راه است
حسرت نبریم
به خواب هر مردابی
زین در ان دشت
چه شبها خفته است
دریا چیست
موج چیست
ترس از طوفان است
کاش میشد
در ان لحظه ها
دیدار را تشویق کرد
وای چه موجهای زیبایی است
ماهی ها را به هر سویی
به شنا وامیدارد
ماهیان ازاد
شناوران باقی را
به ادامه راه می خواند
با کدامین نگاه می شود
دهنهای باز
نهنگ را ترسیم کرد
در یک لحظه
دنیایی از ماهی ها را میبلعد
چه راحت ماهی ها را
در تبعید خوراک
یک لحظه می گرداند
کاش می شد
لحظه ها را ترسیم کرد
کاش می شد
پرندگان را هم ازاد گذاشت
هیچ تیری به سویشان هدف نمی خورد
هر پرنده هر سویی میرفت
اشیانه میکرد
هر گز به دام صیاد نمی افتاد
کاش بجای باغ وحشها
جنگلهای طبیعی را حفظ می کردیم
بی هیچ تلاش
نان گرسنه گرفته نمی شد
جبر طبیعت باقی می ماند
هر کدام بی هیچ مالیات و بهره ای
نان شب و روز را می یافت
ما در تلاش و دریا به تلاطم
Ahmad Hesam
05.11.2010
Police block the route of the march along Whitehall as a Police medic runs to extinguish smoke bomb thrown by protesters.
The National Union of Students called a nationwide day of action against planned tuition fee increases, with walkouts from lessons, occupations of university buildings and marches/protests around the country. In London up to 5000 protesters marched, from school children to university age. After the riots and occupation of 30 Millbank two weeks earlier approximately 1500 police were deployed in London.
As the student march in London moved down Whitehall with the aim of reaching the Liberal Democrat Headquarters, they were met by a line of police blocking their way. Within 10 minutes missiles and smoke bombs were being thrown at police, and the students were pushing at the police line. A kettle was formed by the police containing about 3000 protesters (some as young as 12-13) within Whitehall. Various attempts were made by protesters to break police lines, with a police van left within the kettle damaged, graffitied and looted of the riot shields and helmets inside.
Fires were lit within the 'kettle' with poorly prepared protesters trying to keep warm in the cold.
By late afternoon/early evening large numbers of protesters were gathering outside the kettle and attempts made to break through police lines to reach the kettled protesters. There were reports of anxious parents turning up in Whitehall to confront police about the continued holding of their children within the 'kettle'. The eventual police clearance of Whitehall included a mounted police charge against students. Protests and disturbances continued around Trafalgar Square with shop windows being broken and smaller 'kettles' being formed.
For footage by journalist Fil Kaler see vimeo.com/17202729
An increase in financial support for nursing and midwifery students with dependants to help parents and carers into the workforce has been announced by the First Minister Nicola Sturgeon.
An extra £3m is to be invested in supporting those with children or dependants, helping up to 1000 of our most in need students, while the Nursing and Midwifery bursary is to be protected.
The First Minister made the announcement during a visit to the School of Health and Social Care at Edinburgh Napier Univesity where she meet staff and nursing and midwifery students,
Deteriorating ecosystems are one of
the main drivers increasing the vulnerability of urban
and rural households. As such, protecting and
managing ecosystems is essential, as it contributes
both to the regulation of weather-related hazards,
by acting as buffers, as well as strengthening
livelihoods. But more often than not, forests are cut
down in the pursuit of development, such as in Hera,
Timor-Leste, 16 km from the capital Dili.
Photo by Martine Perret / UN Photo
A Volkswagen minivan bearing the “hitchhikers thumb” as a designated alternative ride vehicle during the 1968 bus boycott in the District of Columbia carries passengers along H Street NE December 2, 1968.
The protests began a few months before against a proposed fare increase and morphed over a short period of time into demanding public ownership of the private D.C. Transit Company principally owned by O. Roy Chalk.
The 1968 boycott that was centered on the Benning Road – H Street NE corridor succeeded as a protest, though it did not halt the fare increase. But more importantly, transit advocates coalesced around a demand for Metro to take over the buses.
It was led by the Emergency Committee on the Transportation Crisis that had activists like Reginald Booker, Sammie Abbott, Rev. Joe Gibson, Marion Barry, Charles Cassell and others organizing the effort.
The demand was soon embraced by a broader array of transit advocates and officials, though protests continued for another two years.
The demand came to fruition in October 1972 when the U.S. House of Representatives reversed itself and approved a Senate measure to authorize the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority to take over the four private bus companies operating in the Washington area.
President Richard M. Nixon signed the bill days later–ending 110 years of private ownership of transit in the city.
On January 14, 1973 Metro acquired the D.C. Transit and the former WV&M system in Arlington. The next month on February 4th, Metro took over the former AB&W garages in Alexandria and Arlington and the former WMA garage on Southern Avenue in Maryland.
For more information and related images, see flic.kr/s/aHskrqfbpr
The photographer is unknown. The image is courtesy of the D.C. Public Library Washington Star Collection © Washington Post.
Government reforms to ICBC are paying off with affordable, steady rates and fiscal stability for people.
ICBC is filing an application with the British Columbia Utilities Commission (BCUC) for no increase to basic insurance rates for the next two years, which marks five years of no increases to basic insurance rates.
Learn more: news.gov.bc.ca/27962
Tuesday, February 10, 2015 -- Governor Dannel P. Malloy today visited Goodwin Technical High School in New Britain where he announced that he will be sponsoring legislation for a new residential solar incentive model designed to save ratepayers millions of dollars, create local jobs in the clean energy sector, and increase renewable energy in the state. Students at the school gave the Governor a tour of their E-House classrooms where they are learning about solar technology.
The ote-michi path leading up through the residences of Nobunaga's generals towards to the honmaru. One imposing factor of Azuchi-jo was that the main ascent passed between the residences of Toyotomi (Hashiba) Hideyoshi and Maeda Toshiie. Hideyoshi's residence can be seen on the left side as one climbs the mountain. Maeda Toshiie's can be seen on the right.
Azuchi-jo was the elaborate castle of daimyo Oda Nobunaga. Nobunaga was perhaps the greatest warlord in the history of Japan and had brought almost all of the country under his submission by the time of his death in 1582. His castle in Azuchi was a short distance from Kyoto, and was situated strategically among a mountain range and along portions of Lake Biwa.
It is said that Azuchi Castle may have been the greatest castle in Japanese history. It was seven stories high with an approximate height of 138 feet. Even more imposing was the fact that the tenshu sat atop Mount Azuchi with an elevation of almost 200 meters. It had residences for both of his top generals, Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Toshiie Maeda to increase the security factor. Also, the mausoleum of Nobunaga sits near the top of the castle grounds. As you descend from the tenshu ruins, you come across a sanjunoto (3-story pagoda) belonging to the old Soken-ji. It's unfortunate that no effort has been made to reproduce the castle in this location. A replica does exist, however, in Ise.
Azuchi Castle. Azuchi, Shiga.
Dato' Zohari Sulaiman, CEO Rapid Rail, Prasarana, makes a presentation on Increasing Capacity and Reducing Congestion during a session on Urban Rail on the morning of 17 November 2017 during the 5th International Railway Summit at Shangri-La Hotel Kuala Lumpur.
© 2017 IRITS Events Ltd. Photo: Stephen Wong
Caritas aims to increase its work in Syria, Iraq and the Middle East in 2015 as the conflict in Syria enters into its fifth year with no solution in sight. The Caritas confederation of Catholic aid agencies operating in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey reached 1.2 million people in 2014 with aid through national Caritas and Church partners.
Caritas Syria reached 66,000 people in 2014
Highlights include:
Caritas Syria helped 1600 elderly people in 2014 in Aleppo.
Caritas Syria provided 60,000 people with a regular food.
Credit: Caritas Syria
If your Husband Affair Someone else and Do you Want to create Love In Your Husband Heart Then Consult Paak Islamic Astrologer Molvi Rahim Sheikh Ji and Get Dua To Increase Love In Husband Heart. Call and WhatsApp +91-9878049601 and Visit Here @ islamicistikhra.wordpress.com/2019/05/16/dua-to-bring-hus...
Increases in private health insurance premiums compared to the broad inflation rate, from 2000 to 2012.
Infographic: Ben Spraggon
Hanoi Cafe Kingsland Road Shoreditch Sadly following re-decoration the prices were increased and the quality of the food reduced Service remains good With Sopie
With increasing amounts of data being backed up for longer periods of time, organizations know it pays to use deduplication technologies in their backup infrastructure. Deduplication lowers IT operational costs by using less disk space to store backup data, while speeding up backups and recovery. For more information on how FalconStor’s deduplication solutions can bring immediate cost savings to any organization visit: www.falconstor.com/deduplication
Governor Murphy and Mayor Ras Baraka visit Mr. Blackmanâs African American History Class at Science Park High School in Newark to announce that New Jersey will be increasing the number of AP African American Studies classes offered in High School on Tuesday, February 14, 2023(Edwin J. Torres/NJ Governorâs Office).
Faced with increasing pressure from civil societies and the opposition, the Malaysian government on Thursday stressed that it will only sign the trans-Pacific free trade pact if the terms are “most favorable” to the country.
Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak’s Cabinet held a special meeting on Thursday to discuss the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, the International Trade and Industry Ministry said in a statement.
“The Prime Minister and Cabinet directed negotiators to continue ensuring that Malaysia’s sovereignty is defended in the course of the TPPA negotiations. They are unanimous in reinforcing Malaysia’s position that we will only agree to the TPPA with terms that are most favorable to our country,” the statement said.
The Cabinet agreed to conduct two more cost-benefit analyses focusing on small-medium enterprises and the ethnic Malay business community besides a comprehensive analysis on “national interests.”
Over 50 organizations ranging from rights groups such as Suaram to trade unions and pro-Malay rights groups such as the Malay Economic Action Council and nonprofit organizations such as the Malaysian Aids Council have banded together recently in an unprecedented move to assert pressure on the government to be more transparent about the TPP negotiations.
Read Article: forexblog.oanda.com/20130816/malaysia-not-pressured-into-...
Pattern: Improvised Circle Square blanket.
Materials: Manos del Uruguay Serena in 2044 (baby yellow) & 2318 (baby blue)
Start Date: January 19, 2013
End Date: March 25, 2013
MLA Spencer Chandra-Herbert, on behalf of Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing Selina Robinson, announced the elimination of the geographic rent increase clause. Landlords will no longer be able to apply for a rent increase based on the rental rates of other units in the same geographic area.
Learn more: news.gov.bc.ca/releases/2017MAH0021-002036#
Laurel, Maryland, April 5, 2012: Northeast Regional Fire Management Specialist Gerald Vickers of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service gives a safety briefing to firefighters before a controlled burn. The burn was done at Patuxent Research Refuge's Savannah Restoration Unit to increase refuge species and habitat diversity. Specifically, the refuge hoped to increase density and diversity of rare darkling beetles and forest floor plants. Credit: Sandy Spencer/USFWS.
Another humanitarian worker boards the Commission's airplane in Timbuktu. He works for Handicap International, one of the partners receiving European Commission’s funding for life-saving assistance in the North of Mali.
© European Union/ECHO/Isabel Coello
CANAL INFO
The Leeds and Liverpool canal was built from 1772 to increase industrial transportation between West Yorkshire and the Merseyside ports. Limestone, textiles and coal were in critical demand between Yorkshire and Lancashire at this time where trains were still only beginning to happen. Committees in Bradford and Liverpool formed and for a while disputed over their different respective plans for the route Following appeasement, the route as proposed via engineers John Longbotham and James Brindley was built at a cost of nearly £260, 000 and a length of 109 miles. The first phase, from Bingley to Shipley was up and running by 1774. By this time, Brindley had passed, and Longbotham had taken over as chief engineer. The construction from the Liverpool end reached Wigan in 1781.
The canal's overall construction spanned five decades, delayed further by money and disputes and also the colonial war in the late 1700s. Trade from Yorkshire to Liverpool was already brisk by the time construction finished, including branches - significantly the ones to Bradford and Wigan. Although both steam and horse drawn railways were available by 1800, the canal continued to thrive for a century.
Horse drawn barges would last impressively until 1960 while industrial trade remaining until the 1980s, by which time the bulk of such work was being done, quite inevitably by trains and lorries.
Today, the Leeds and Liverpool canal stretches for 127 miles, crossing the Pennines between the two cities, with additional branches bringing people - and still business - to and from other towns in Yorkshire and Lancashire on its journey. 91 locks are included, notably the notorious 5 Locks at Bingley, which take an apparent 3-4 hours to negotiate.
The towpath is used heavily by both walkers and cyclists on its route, with the Leeds end being notably active especially during commuter hours. At the newly developed Granary Wharf, the canal basin area has been heavily redeveloped in recent years while the new southern entrance to Leeds station also providing additionally quick access to the canal route.
www.soposted.com/cardinal-sins/sex-relationship/secret-ti...
To get a healthy sex life is not as easy like you think. Many couples get frustrated at a bad sex life. As you know, this condition will bring couples into bad relationships. Lets see the facts! Men who can not satisfy their women will cause bad impacts to their relationship. Most of them break up and try to find another partner that will give them the ultimate satisfaction during sexual intervention.
To make you see, sex is classified as one of healthy exercises. That’s why, most of doctor advices couples to make love frequently to boost up their health. But, the question is, how to get healthy sex life? If you are serious and want to know the secrets, just keep read on this page.
Consume available natural herbs supplements to increase your mental and physical health. It is important to improve your wonderful performance in bed. Try to find the best natural herbs supplements that will not give you bad side effects like fatigue and itchiness etc.
Stop to consume foods that contain with fat and cholesterol. Those are not good enough to boost up your performance in bed. You have to change your life style as soon as possible. Consume foods that are rich with omega 3 and amino acid. It is trusted to make you drive your sex quickly without any problems. You can find those components in spinach, cauliflowers, walnuts, peanuts and oatmeal.
Remove stress! Do not ever let your mental tension affect your sex life. You need to get more relax. If you have spare time, you can plan second honeymoon with your spouse to get more intimate relationship than before. It is effective way to make wonderful making love experience.
Try to give last longer foreplay to burn your spouse desire. You can touch and kiss your spouse for last longer. If you think your spouse is ready to come, you can start to give what she wants. Just see the result! You will get wonderful climax sensation!
The Pakistan Strategy Support Program (PSSP) held the conference, “Increasing Productivity and Unleashing Growth” at the Serena Hotel in Islamabad on May 26-27th, 2012. This conference also marked the final round of the Competitive Grants Program that was launched by PSSP in January 2012 for Pakistani PhD and graduate students studying locally and abroad on economic development issues of Pakistan. The finalists presented in front of the Research Advisory Committee, donor heads, professors and students from local universities. The event also consisted of plenary sessions on Pakistan’s various economic growth issues by renowned academics from all over the world, such as Dr. Jock Anderson, Dr. Regina Birner and Dr. David Spielman.
...if I remember correctly, this was the first ever project, in which I used this type of increase. Not the best ever stitch definition, but looks 'ok'. The piece is about to be unravelled, my sizing was ... well, appalling....The same goes for my attitude towards gauge swatches and blocking.
Musings on projects gone wrong and the positive effects of knitting on body / self image are available here: makedoandmendnovice.blogspot.com/2015/09/unravelling-old-...
While increased flows at the Big Bar landslide site caused some delays to operations in 2021, salmon were able to navigate these higher flows and move past the barrier on their own.
Learn more:
www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/pacific-smon-pacifique/big-bar-land...
www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content?id=636BAFFB10A1492C964B5FE1E90...
Photo: Peter Kiewit and Sons (ULC), July 5, 2021
The Manhattan Municipal Building, at 1 Centre Street in New York City, is a 40-story building built to accommodate increased governmental space demands after the 1898 consolidation of the city's five boroughs. Construction began in 1907 and ended in 1914, marking the end of the City Beautiful movement in New York. William M. Kendall of the noted architectural firm McKim, Mead and White designed the building, which was the first to incorporate a New York City Subway station into its base. Enormously influential in the civic construction of other American cities, its application of Beaux-Arts architecture served as the prototype for the Terminal Tower in Cleveland, and the Wrigley Building in Chicago, in addition to the Seven Sisters of Stalin-era Soviet architecture.
Located at the intersection of Chambers Street and Centre Street, the Municipal Building, which stands 580 feet (177 m) tall, is one of the largest governmental buildings in the world. It houses thirteen municipal agencies of New York City, and until 2009, when the Manhattan Marriage Bureau moved to another city building at 80 Centre Street, 18,000 people were married in its second floor chapel each year. There are 25 floors of work space served by 33 elevators, with an additional 15 stories in the tower.
The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1966, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Municipal_Building
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
This is a photograph from the 3rd annual running of the Trim AC 10 Mile Road Race and Fun Run which was held in Trim, Co. Meath, Ireland on Sunday 5th February 2017 at 12:00. The race attracted over 1,200 participants which shows a 100% increase on last year's participation. The event shows growth year on year mirroring the growing popularity of the race. The race started on the Trim/Athboy road on the town's ring road and proceded to take an anti-clockwise loop out towards the village of Dunderry and townland of Kilbride before returning back to the Trim Industrial Estate for the finish. The route is held on quiet country roads with some hills at 3, 6, 8 mile segments.
Our full set of photos from mile 1 and the finish are at: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157679859593016
The weather for this year's race was perfect for racing. There was a hard frost overnight but this brought clear bright skies and crisp air. There was no real wind to speak of.
Waterstops were provided at the 4.5 and 7 mile marks on the course. All access roads were well stewarded. The event was sponsored by Bewleys 1840 and many local business establishments. Credit must go to the Trim AC team for their flawless organisation. If the first three years of this year are anything to go on then this race will continue to grow. For runners around the North Leinster area this 10 mile race serves as a perfect training progress stepping stone to the Bohermeen Half Marathon which will take place in March 2016 and is located only 15 minutes drive from Trim.
USEFUL LINKS
Our Flickr photographs from the 2016 race: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/sets/72157664217257512
Our Flickr photographs from the 2015 race: www.flickr.com/photos/peterm7/albums/72157650166189770
Boards.ie Discussion Thread on the 2017 race: www.boards.ie/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=2057673405
10 Mile Road Race Timelapse Video of the Route: www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Jp84CrctQM
USING OUR PHOTOGRAPHS - A QUICK GUIDE AND ANSWERS TO YOUR QUESTIONS
Can I use these photographs directly from Flickr on my social media account(s)?
Yes - of course you can! Flickr provides several ways to share this and other photographs in this Flickr set. You can share directly to: email, Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, Tumblr, LiveJournal, and Wordpress and Blogger blog sites. Your mobile, tablet, or desktop device will also offer you several different options for sharing this photo page on your social media outlets.
BUT..... Wait there a minute....
We take these photographs as a hobby and as a contribution to the running community in Ireland. We do not charge for our photographs. Our only "cost" is that we request that if you are using these images: (1) on social media sites such as Facebook, Tumblr, Pinterest, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter,LinkedIn, Google+, VK.com, Vine, Meetup, Tagged, Ask.fm,etc or (2) other websites, blogs, web multimedia, commercial/promotional material that you must provide a link back to our Flickr page to attribute us or acknowledge us as the original photographers.
This also extends to the use of these images for Facebook profile pictures. In these cases please make a separate wall or blog post with a link to our Flickr page. If you do not know how this should be done for Facebook or other social media please email us and we will be happy to help suggest how to link to us.
I want to download these pictures to my computer or device?
You can download this photographic image here directly to your computer or device. This version is the low resolution web-quality image. How to download will vary slight from device to device and from browser to browser. Have a look for a down-arrow symbol or the link to 'View/Download' all sizes. When you click on either of these you will be presented with the option to download the image. Remember just doing a right-click and "save target as" will not work on Flickr.
I want get full resolution, print-quality, copies of these photographs?
If you just need these photographs for online usage then they can be used directly once you respect their Creative Commons license and provide a link back to our Flickr set if you use them. For offline usage and printing all of the photographs posted here on this Flickr set are available free, at no cost, at full image resolution.
Please email petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com with the links to the photographs you would like to obtain a full resolution copy of. We also ask race organisers, media, etc to ask for permission before use of our images for flyers, posters, etc. We reserve the right to refuse a request.
In summary please remember when requesting photographs from us - If you are using the photographs online all we ask is for you to provide a link back to our Flickr set or Flickr pages. You will find the link above clearly outlined in the description text which accompanies this photograph. Taking these photographs and preparing them for online posting takes a significant effort and time. We are not posting photographs to Flickr for commercial reasons. If you really like what we do please spread the link around your social media, send us an email, leave a comment beside the photographs, send us a Flickr email, etc. If you are using the photographs in newspapers or magazines we ask that you mention where the original photograph came from.
I would like to contribute something for your photograph(s)?
Many people offer payment for our photographs. As stated above we do not charge for these photographs. We take these photographs as our contribution to the running community in Ireland. If you feel that the photograph(s) you request are good enough that you would consider paying for their purchase from other photographic providers or in other circumstances we would suggest that you can provide a donation to any of the great charities in Ireland who do work for Cancer Care or Cancer Research in Ireland.
Let's get a bit technical: We use Creative Commons Licensing for these photographs
We use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License for all our photographs here in this photograph set. What does this mean in reality?
The explaination is very simple.
Attribution- anyone using our photographs gives us an appropriate credit for it. This ensures that people aren't taking our photographs and passing them off as their own. This usually just mean putting a link to our photographs somewhere on your website, blog, or Facebook where other people can see it.
ShareAlike – anyone can use these photographs, and make changes if they like, or incorporate them into a bigger project, but they must make those changes available back to the community under the same terms.
Above all what Creative Commons aims to do is to encourage creative sharing. See some examples of Creative Commons photographs on Flickr: www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
I ran in the race - but my photograph doesn't appear here in your Flickr set! What gives?
As mentioned above we take these photographs as a hobby and as a voluntary contribution to the running community in Ireland. Very often we have actually ran in the same race and then switched to photographer mode after we finished the race. Consequently, we feel that we have no obligations to capture a photograph of every participant in the race. However, we do try our very best to capture as many participants as possible. But this is sometimes not possible for a variety of reasons:
►You were hidden behind another participant as you passed our camera
►Weather or lighting conditions meant that we had some photographs with blurry content which we did not upload to our Flickr set
►There were too many people - some races attract thousands of participants and as amateur photographs we cannot hope to capture photographs of everyone
►We simply missed you - sorry about that - we did our best!
You can email us petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com to enquire if we have a photograph of you which didn't make the final Flickr selection for the race. But we cannot promise that there will be photograph there. As alternatives we advise you to contact the race organisers to enquire if there were (1) other photographs taking photographs at the race event or if (2) there were professional commercial sports photographers taking photographs which might have some photographs of you available for purchase. You might find some links for further information above.
Don't like your photograph here?
That's OK! We understand!
If, for any reason, you are not happy or comfortable with your picture appearing here in this photoset on Flickr then please email us at petermooney78 AT gmail DOT com and we will remove it as soon as possible. We give careful consideration to each photograph before uploading.
I want to tell people about these great photographs!
Great! Thank you! The best link to spread the word around is probably http://www.flickr.com/peterm7/sets
Varosha - Maras is the southern quarter of the Famagusta, a de jure territory of Cyprus, currently under the control of Northern Cyprus. Varosha has a population of 226 in the 2011 Northern Cyprus census. The area of Varosha is 6.19 km2 (2.39 sq mi).
The name of Varosha derives from the Turkish word varoş (Ottoman Turkish: واروش, 'suburb'). The place where Varosha is located now was empty fields in which animals grazed.
In the early 1970s, Famagusta was the number-one tourist destination in Cyprus. To cater to the increasing number of tourists, many new high-rise buildings and hotels were constructed. During its heyday, Varosha was not only the number-one tourist destination in Cyprus, but between 1970 and 1974, it was one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world and was a favorite destination of such celebrities as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Raquel Welch, and Brigitte Bardot.
Before 1974, Varosha was the modern tourist area of the Famagusta city. Its Greek Cypriot inhabitants fled during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, when the city of Famagusta came under Turkish control, and it has remained abandoned ever since. In 1984 a U.N. resolution called for the handover of the city to UN control and said that only the original inhabitants, who were forced out, could resettle in the town.
Entry to part of Varosha was opened to civilians in 2017.
In August 1974, the Turkish Army advanced as far as the Green Line, a UN-patrolled demilitarized zone between the Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, and controlled and fenced Varosha. Just hours before the Greek Cypriot and Turkish armies met in combat on the streets of Famagusta, the entire Greek Cypriot population fled to Paralimni, Dherynia, and Larnaca, fearing a massacre. The evacuation was aided and orchestrated by the nearby British military base. Paralimni has since become the modern-day capital of the Famagusta province of Greek Cypriot-led Cyprus.
The Turkish Army has allowed the entry of only Turkish military and United Nations personnel since 2017.
One such settlement plan was the Annan Plan to reunify the island that provided for the return of Varosha to the original residents. But this was rejected by Greek Cypriots in a 2004 referendum. The UN Security Council Resolution 550 states that it "considers attempts to settle any part of Varosha by people other than its inhabitants as inadmissible and calls for the transfer of this area to the administration of the United Nations".
The European Court of Human Rights awarded between €100,000 and €8,000,000 to eight Greek Cypriots for being deprived of their homes and properties as a result of the 1974 invasion. The case was filed jointly by businessman Constantinos Lordos and others, with the principal judgement in the Lordos case dating back to November 2010. The court ruled that, in the case of eight of the applicants, Turkey had violated Article 1 of Protocol 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights on the right of peaceful enjoyment of one's possessions, and in the case of seven of the applicants, Turkey had violated Article 8 on the right to respect for private and family life.
In the absence of human habitation and maintenance, buildings continue to decay. Over time, parts of the city have begun to be reclaimed by nature as metal corrodes, windows are broken, and plants work their roots into the walls and pavement and grow wild in old window boxes. In 2014, the BBC reported that sea turtles were observed nesting on the beaches in the city.
During the Cyprus Missile Crisis (1997–1998), the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, threatened to take over Varosha if the Cypriot government did not back down.
The main features of Varosha included John F. Kennedy Avenue, a street which ran from close to the port of Famagusta, through Varosha and parallel to Glossa beach. Along JFK Avenue, there were many well known high rise hotels including the King George Hotel, The Asterias Hotel, The Grecian Hotel, The Florida Hotel, and The Argo Hotel which was the favourite hotel of Elizabeth Taylor. The Argo Hotel is located near the end of JFK Avenue, looking towards Protaras and Fig Tree Bay. Another major street in Varosha was Leonidas (Greek: Λεωνίδας), a major street that came off JFK Avenue and headed west towards Vienna Corner. Leonidas was a major shopping and leisure street in Varosha, consisting of bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and a Toyota car dealership.
According to Greek Cypriots, 425 plots exist on the Varosha beach front, which extends from the Contandia hotel to the Golden Sands hotel. The complete number of plots in Varosha are 6082.
There are 281 cases of Greek Cypriots who filed to the Immovable Property Commission (IPC) of Northern Cyprus for compensation.
In 2020, Greek Cypriot Demetrios Hadjihambis filed a lawsuit seeking state compensation for financial losses.
The population of Varosha was 226 in the 2011 Northern Cyprus census.
In 2017, Varosha's beach was opened for the exclusive use of Turks (both Turkish Cypriots and Turkish nationals).
In 2019, the Government of Northern Cyprus announced it would open Varosha to settlement. On 14 November 2019, Ersin Tatar, the prime minister of Northern Cyprus, announced that Northern Cyprus aims to open Varosha by the end of 2020.
On 25 July 2019, Varosha Inventory Commission of Northern Cyprus started its inventory analysis on the buildings and other infrastructure in Varosha.
On 9 December 2019, Ibrahim Benter, the Director-General of the Turkish Cypriot EVKAF religious foundation's administration, declared all of Maraş/Varosha to be the property of EVKAF. Benter said "EVKAF can sign renting contracts with Greek Cypriots if they accept that the fenced-off town belongs to the Evkaf."
In 2019–20, inventory studies of buildings by the Government of Northern Cyprus were concluded. On 15 February 2020, the Turkish Bar Association organised a round table meeting at the Sandy Beach Hotel in Varosha, which was attended by Turkish officials (Vice President Fuat Oktay and Justice Minister Abdulhamit Gül), Turkish Cypriot officials, representatives of the Turkish Cypriot religious foundation Evkaf, and Turkish and Turkish Cypriot lawyers.
On 22 February 2020, Cyprus declared it would veto European Union funds to Turkish Cypriots if Varosha were opened to settlement.
On 6 October 2020, Ersin Tatar, the Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus, announced that the beach area of Varosha would reopen to the public on 8 October 2020. Turkey's president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, said Turkey fully supported the decision. The move came ahead of the 2020 Northern Cypriot presidential election, in which Tatar was a candidate. Deputy Prime Minister Kudret Özersay, who had worked on the reopening previously, said that this was not a full reopening of the area, that this was just a unilateral election stunt by Tatar. His People's Party withdrew from the Tatar cabinet, leading to the collapse of the Turkish Cypriot government. The EU's diplomatic chief condemned the plan and described it as a "serious violation" of the U.N. ceasefire agreement. In addition, he asked Turkey to stop this activity. The U.N. Secretary-General expressed concern over Turkey's decision.
On 8 October 2020, some parts of Varosha were opened from the Officers' Club of Turkish and Turkish Cypriot Army to the Golden Sands Hotel.
In November 2020, the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Turkey's ambassador to Nicosia, visited Varosha. In addition, the main avenue in Varosha has been renamed after Semih Sancar, Chief of the General Staff of Turkey from 1973 to 1978, a period including the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus.
The European Parliament on 27 November, asked Turkey to reverse its decision to re-open part of Varosha and resume negotiations aimed at resolving the Cyprus problem on the basis of a bi-communal, bi-zonal federation and called on the European Union to impose sanctions against Turkey, if things do not change. Turkey rejected the resolution, adding that Turkey will continue to protect both its own rights and those of Turkish Cypriots. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus presidency also condemned the resolution.
On 20 July 2021, Tatar, the president of Northern Cyprus announced the start of the 2nd phase of the opening of Varosha. He encouraged Greek Cypriots to apply Immovable Property Commission of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to claim their properties back if they have any such rights.
Bilal Aga Mosque, constructed in 1821 and taken out of service in 1974, was re-opened on 23 July 2021.
In response to a decision by the government of Turkish Cyprus, the presidential statement of the United Nations Security Council dated on 23 July said that settling any part of the abandoned Cypriot suburb of Varosha, "by people other than its inhabitants, is 'inadmissible'." The same day, Turkey rejected the presidential statement of the UNSC on Maras (Varosha), and said that these statements were based on Greek-Greek Cypriot propaganda, were groundless and unfounded claims, and inconsistent with the realities on the Island. On 24 July 2021, the presidency of Northern Cyprus condemned the presidential statement of the UNSC dated on 23 July, and stated that "We see and condemn it as an attempt to create an obstacle for the property-rights-holders in Varosha to achieve their rights".
By 1 January 2022, nearly 400,000 people had visited Varosha since its opening to civilians on 6 October 2020.
On 19 May 2022, Northern Cyprus opened a 600m long X 400m wide stretch of beach on the Golden Sands beach (from the King George Hotel to the Oceania Building) in Varosha for commercial use. Sun beds and umbrellas were installed.
UNFICYP said it would raise the decision taken by Turkish Cypriot authorities to open that stretch of beach in Varosha with the Security Council, spokesperson for the peacekeeping force Aleem Siddique said on Friday. The UN announced its "position on Varosha is unchanged and we are monitoring the situation closely".
In October 2022, the Turkish Cypriots announced that public institutions will be opened in the city.
In April 2023, Cleo Hotel, the 7-floor Golden Seaside Hotel, and the 3-star Aegean Hotel were purchased by a Turkish Cypriot businessman (from their Greek Cypriot owners) who will operate them within 2025.
On 10 August 2023, the Government of Northern Cyprus decided to construct a marina and tourist facility in Varosha.
Varosha was analyzed by Alan Weisman in his book The World Without Us as an example of the unstoppable power of nature.
Filmmaker Greek Cypriot Michael Cacoyannis described the city and interviewed its exiled citizens in the film Attilas '74, produced in 1975.
In 2021, the Belarusian group Main-De-Gloire dedicated a song to this city that has become a ghostly place.
Northern Cyprus, officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), is a de facto state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. It is recognised only by Turkey, and its territory is considered by all other states to be part of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both sides.
A coup d'état in 1974, performed as part of an attempt to annex the island to Greece, prompted the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. This resulted in the eviction of much of the north's Greek Cypriot population, the flight of Turkish Cypriots from the south, and the partitioning of the island, leading to a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.
Attempts to reach a solution to the Cyprus dispute have been unsuccessful. The Turkish Army maintains a large force in Northern Cyprus with the support and approval of the TRNC government, while the Republic of Cyprus, the European Union as a whole, and the international community regard it as an occupation force. This military presence has been denounced in several United Nations Security Council resolutions.
Northern Cyprus is a semi-presidential, democratic republic with a cultural heritage incorporating various influences and an economy that is dominated by the services sector. The economy has seen growth through the 2000s and 2010s, with the GNP per capita more than tripling in the 2000s, but is held back by an international embargo due to the official closure of the ports in Northern Cyprus by the Republic of Cyprus. The official language is Turkish, with a distinct local dialect being spoken. The vast majority of the population consists of Sunni Muslims, while religious attitudes are mostly moderate and secular. Northern Cyprus is an observer state of ECO and OIC under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", PACE under the name "Turkish Cypriot Community", and Organization of Turkic States with its own name.
Several distinct periods of Cypriot intercommunal violence involving the two main ethnic communities, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, marked mid-20th century Cyprus. These included the Cyprus Emergency of 1955–59 during British rule, the post-independence Cyprus crisis of 1963–64, and the Cyprus crisis of 1967. Hostilities culminated in the 1974 de facto division of the island along the Green Line following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. The region has been relatively peaceful since then, but the Cyprus dispute has continued, with various attempts to solve it diplomatically having been generally unsuccessful.
Cyprus, an island lying in the eastern Mediterranean, hosted a population of Greeks and Turks (four-fifths and one-fifth, respectively), who lived under British rule in the late nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century. Christian Orthodox Church of Cyprus played a prominent political role among the Greek Cypriot community, a privilege that it acquired during the Ottoman Empire with the employment of the millet system, which gave the archbishop an unofficial ethnarch status.
The repeated rejections by the British of Greek Cypriot demands for enosis, union with Greece, led to armed resistance, organised by the National Organization of Cypriot Struggle, or EOKA. EOKA, led by the Greek-Cypriot commander George Grivas, systematically targeted British colonial authorities. One of the effects of EOKA's campaign was to alter the Turkish position from demanding full reincorporation into Turkey to a demand for taksim (partition). EOKA's mission and activities caused a "Cretan syndrome" (see Turkish Resistance Organisation) within the Turkish Cypriot community, as its members feared that they would be forced to leave the island in such a case as had been the case with Cretan Turks. As such, they preferred the continuation of British colonial rule and then taksim, the division of the island. Due to the Turkish Cypriots' support for the British, EOKA's leader, Georgios Grivas, declared them to be enemies. The fact that the Turks were a minority was, according to Nihat Erim, to be addressed by the transfer of thousands of Turks from mainland Turkey so that Greek Cypriots would cease to be the majority. When Erim visited Cyprus as the Turkish representative, he was advised by Field Marshal Sir John Harding, the then Governor of Cyprus, that Turkey should send educated Turks to settle in Cyprus.
Turkey actively promoted the idea that on the island of Cyprus two distinctive communities existed, and sidestepped its former claim that "the people of Cyprus were all Turkish subjects". In doing so, Turkey's aim to have self-determination of two to-be equal communities in effect led to de jure partition of the island.[citation needed] This could be justified to the international community against the will of the majority Greek population of the island. Dr. Fazil Küçük in 1954 had already proposed Cyprus be divided in two at the 35° parallel.
Lindley Dan, from Notre Dame University, spotted the roots of intercommunal violence to different visions among the two communities of Cyprus (enosis for Greek Cypriots, taksim for Turkish Cypriots). Also, Lindlay wrote that "the merging of church, schools/education, and politics in divisive and nationalistic ways" had played a crucial role in creation of havoc in Cyprus' history. Attalides Michael also pointed to the opposing nationalisms as the cause of the Cyprus problem.
By the mid-1950's, the "Cyprus is Turkish" party, movement, and slogan gained force in both Cyprus and Turkey. In a 1954 editorial, Turkish Cypriot leader Dr. Fazil Kuchuk expressed the sentiment that the Turkish youth had grown up with the idea that "as soon as Great Britain leaves the island, it will be taken over by the Turks", and that "Turkey cannot tolerate otherwise". This perspective contributed to the willingness of Turkish Cypriots to align themselves with the British, who started recruiting Turkish Cypriots into the police force that patrolled Cyprus to fight EOKA, a Greek Cypriot nationalist organisation that sought to rid the island of British rule.
EOKA targeted colonial authorities, including police, but Georgios Grivas, the leader of EOKA, did not initially wish to open up a new front by fighting Turkish Cypriots and reassured them that EOKA would not harm their people. In 1956, some Turkish Cypriot policemen were killed by EOKA members and this provoked some intercommunal violence in the spring and summer, but these attacks on policemen were not motivated by the fact that they were Turkish Cypriots.
However, in January 1957, Grivas changed his policy as his forces in the mountains became increasingly pressured by the British Crown forces. In order to divert the attention of the Crown forces, EOKA members started to target Turkish Cypriot policemen intentionally in the towns, so that Turkish Cypriots would riot against the Greek Cypriots and the security forces would have to be diverted to the towns to restore order. The killing of a Turkish Cypriot policeman on 19 January, when a power station was bombed, and the injury of three others, provoked three days of intercommunal violence in Nicosia. The two communities targeted each other in reprisals, at least one Greek Cypriot was killed and the British Army was deployed in the streets. Greek Cypriot stores were burned and their neighbourhoods attacked. Following the events, the Greek Cypriot leadership spread the propaganda that the riots had merely been an act of Turkish Cypriot aggression. Such events created chaos and drove the communities apart both in Cyprus and in Turkey.
On 22 October 1957 Sir Hugh Mackintosh Foot replaced Sir John Harding as the British Governor of Cyprus. Foot suggested five to seven years of self-government before any final decision. His plan rejected both enosis and taksim. The Turkish Cypriot response to this plan was a series of anti-British demonstrations in Nicosia on 27 and 28 January 1958 rejecting the proposed plan because the plan did not include partition. The British then withdrew the plan.
In 1957, Black Gang, a Turkish Cypriot pro-taksim paramilitary organisation, was formed to patrol a Turkish Cypriot enclave, the Tahtakale district of Nicosia, against activities of EOKA. The organisation later attempted to grow into a national scale, but failed to gain public support.
By 1958, signs of dissatisfaction with the British increased on both sides, with a group of Turkish Cypriots forming Volkan (later renamed to the Turkish Resistance Organisation) paramilitary group to promote partition and the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as dictated by the Menderes plan. Volkan initially consisted of roughly 100 members, with the stated aim of raising awareness in Turkey of the Cyprus issue and courting military training and support for Turkish Cypriot fighters from the Turkish government.
In June 1958, the British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was expected to propose a plan to resolve the Cyprus issue. In light of the new development, the Turks rioted in Nicosia to promote the idea that Greek and Turkish Cypriots could not live together and therefore any plan that did not include partition would not be viable. This violence was soon followed by bombing, Greek Cypriot deaths and looting of Greek Cypriot-owned shops and houses. Greek and Turkish Cypriots started to flee mixed population villages where they were a minority in search of safety. This was effectively the beginning of the segregation of the two communities. On 7 June 1958, a bomb exploded at the entrance of the Turkish Embassy in Cyprus. Following the bombing, Turkish Cypriots looted Greek Cypriot properties. On 26 June 1984, the Turkish Cypriot leader, Rauf Denktaş, admitted on British channel ITV that the bomb was placed by the Turks themselves in order to create tension. On 9 January 1995, Rauf Denktaş repeated his claim to the famous Turkish newspaper Milliyet in Turkey.
The crisis reached a climax on 12 June 1958, when eight Greeks, out of an armed group of thirty five arrested by soldiers of the Royal Horse Guards on suspicion of preparing an attack on the Turkish quarter of Skylloura, were killed in a suspected attack by Turkish Cypriot locals, near the village of Geunyeli, having been ordered to walk back to their village of Kondemenos.
After the EOKA campaign had begun, the British government successfully began to turn the Cyprus issue from a British colonial problem into a Greek-Turkish issue. British diplomacy exerted backstage influence on the Adnan Menderes government, with the aim of making Turkey active in Cyprus. For the British, the attempt had a twofold objective. The EOKA campaign would be silenced as quickly as possible, and Turkish Cypriots would not side with Greek Cypriots against the British colonial claims over the island, which would thus remain under the British. The Turkish Cypriot leadership visited Menderes to discuss the Cyprus issue. When asked how the Turkish Cypriots should respond to the Greek Cypriot claim of enosis, Menderes replied: "You should go to the British foreign minister and request the status quo be prolonged, Cyprus to remain as a British colony". When the Turkish Cypriots visited the British Foreign Secretary and requested for Cyprus to remain a colony, he replied: "You should not be asking for colonialism at this day and age, you should be asking for Cyprus be returned to Turkey, its former owner".
As Turkish Cypriots began to look to Turkey for protection, Greek Cypriots soon understood that enosis was extremely unlikely. The Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, now set independence for the island as his objective.
Britain resolved to solve the dispute by creating an independent Cyprus. In 1959, all involved parties signed the Zurich Agreements: Britain, Turkey, Greece, and the Greek and Turkish Cypriot leaders, Makarios and Dr. Fazil Kucuk, respectively. The new constitution drew heavily on the ethnic composition of the island. The President would be a Greek Cypriot, and the Vice-President a Turkish Cypriot with an equal veto. The contribution to the public service would be set at a ratio of 70:30, and the Supreme Court would consist of an equal number of judges from both communities as well as an independent judge who was not Greek, Turkish or British. The Zurich Agreements were supplemented by a number of treaties. The Treaty of Guarantee stated that secession or union with any state was forbidden, and that Greece, Turkey and Britain would be given guarantor status to intervene if that was violated. The Treaty of Alliance allowed for two small Greek and Turkish military contingents to be stationed on the island, and the Treaty of Establishment gave Britain sovereignty over two bases in Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
On 15 August 1960, the Colony of Cyprus became fully independent as the Republic of Cyprus. The new republic remained within the Commonwealth of Nations.
The new constitution brought dissatisfaction to Greek Cypriots, who felt it to be highly unjust for them for historical, demographic and contributional reasons. Although 80% of the island's population were Greek Cypriots and these indigenous people had lived on the island for thousands of years and paid 94% of taxes, the new constitution was giving the 17% of the population that was Turkish Cypriots, who paid 6% of taxes, around 30% of government jobs and 40% of national security jobs.
Within three years tensions between the two communities in administrative affairs began to show. In particular disputes over separate municipalities and taxation created a deadlock in government. A constitutional court ruled in 1963 Makarios had failed to uphold article 173 of the constitution which called for the establishment of separate municipalities for Turkish Cypriots. Makarios subsequently declared his intention to ignore the judgement, resulting in the West German judge resigning from his position. Makarios proposed thirteen amendments to the constitution, which would have had the effect of resolving most of the issues in the Greek Cypriot favour. Under the proposals, the President and Vice-President would lose their veto, the separate municipalities as sought after by the Turkish Cypriots would be abandoned, the need for separate majorities by both communities in passing legislation would be discarded and the civil service contribution would be set at actual population ratios (82:18) instead of the slightly higher figure for Turkish Cypriots.
The intention behind the amendments has long been called into question. The Akritas plan, written in the height of the constitutional dispute by the Greek Cypriot interior minister Polycarpos Georkadjis, called for the removal of undesirable elements of the constitution so as to allow power-sharing to work. The plan envisaged a swift retaliatory attack on Turkish Cypriot strongholds should Turkish Cypriots resort to violence to resist the measures, stating "In the event of a planned or staged Turkish attack, it is imperative to overcome it by force in the shortest possible time, because if we succeed in gaining command of the situation (in one or two days), no outside, intervention would be either justified or possible." Whether Makarios's proposals were part of the Akritas plan is unclear, however it remains that sentiment towards enosis had not completely disappeared with independence. Makarios described independence as "a step on the road to enosis".[31] Preparations for conflict were not entirely absent from Turkish Cypriots either, with right wing elements still believing taksim (partition) the best safeguard against enosis.
Greek Cypriots however believe the amendments were a necessity stemming from a perceived attempt by Turkish Cypriots to frustrate the working of government. Turkish Cypriots saw it as a means to reduce their status within the state from one of co-founder to that of minority, seeing it as a first step towards enosis. The security situation deteriorated rapidly.
Main articles: Bloody Christmas (1963) and Battle of Tillyria
An armed conflict was triggered after December 21, 1963, a period remembered by Turkish Cypriots as Bloody Christmas, when a Greek Cypriot policemen that had been called to help deal with a taxi driver refusing officers already on the scene access to check the identification documents of his customers, took out his gun upon arrival and shot and killed the taxi driver and his partner. Eric Solsten summarised the events as follows: "a Greek Cypriot police patrol, ostensibly checking identification documents, stopped a Turkish Cypriot couple on the edge of the Turkish quarter. A hostile crowd gathered, shots were fired, and two Turkish Cypriots were killed."
In the morning after the shooting, crowds gathered in protest in Northern Nicosia, likely encouraged by the TMT, without incident. On the evening of the 22nd, gunfire broke out, communication lines to the Turkish neighbourhoods were cut, and the Greek Cypriot police occupied the nearby airport. On the 23rd, a ceasefire was negotiated, but did not hold. Fighting, including automatic weapons fire, between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and militias increased in Nicosia and Larnaca. A force of Greek Cypriot irregulars led by Nikos Sampson entered the Nicosia suburb of Omorphita and engaged in heavy firing on armed, as well as by some accounts unarmed, Turkish Cypriots. The Omorphita clash has been described by Turkish Cypriots as a massacre, while this view has generally not been acknowledged by Greek Cypriots.
Further ceasefires were arranged between the two sides, but also failed. By Christmas Eve, the 24th, Britain, Greece, and Turkey had joined talks, with all sides calling for a truce. On Christmas day, Turkish fighter jets overflew Nicosia in a show of support. Finally it was agreed to allow a force of 2,700 British soldiers to help enforce a ceasefire. In the next days, a "buffer zone" was created in Nicosia, and a British officer marked a line on a map with green ink, separating the two sides of the city, which was the beginning of the "Green Line". Fighting continued across the island for the next several weeks.
In total 364 Turkish Cypriots and 174 Greek Cypriots were killed during the violence. 25,000 Turkish Cypriots from 103-109 villages fled and were displaced into enclaves and thousands of Turkish Cypriot houses were ransacked or completely destroyed.
Contemporary newspapers also reported on the forceful exodus of the Turkish Cypriots from their homes. According to The Times in 1964, threats, shootings and attempts of arson were committed against the Turkish Cypriots to force them out of their homes. The Daily Express wrote that "25,000 Turks have already been forced to leave their homes". The Guardian reported a massacre of Turks at Limassol on 16 February 1964.
Turkey had by now readied its fleet and its fighter jets appeared over Nicosia. Turkey was dissuaded from direct involvement by the creation of a United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) in 1964. Despite the negotiated ceasefire in Nicosia, attacks on the Turkish Cypriot persisted, particularly in Limassol. Concerned about the possibility of a Turkish invasion, Makarios undertook the creation of a Greek Cypriot conscript-based army called the "National Guard". A general from Greece took charge of the army, whilst a further 20,000 well-equipped officers and men were smuggled from Greece into Cyprus. Turkey threatened to intervene once more, but was prevented by a strongly worded letter from the American President Lyndon B. Johnson, anxious to avoid a conflict between NATO allies Greece and Turkey at the height of the Cold War.
Turkish Cypriots had by now established an important bridgehead at Kokkina, provided with arms, volunteers and materials from Turkey and abroad. Seeing this incursion of foreign weapons and troops as a major threat, the Cypriot government invited George Grivas to return from Greece as commander of the Greek troops on the island and launch a major attack on the bridgehead. Turkey retaliated by dispatching its fighter jets to bomb Greek positions, causing Makarios to threaten an attack on every Turkish Cypriot village on the island if the bombings did not cease. The conflict had now drawn in Greece and Turkey, with both countries amassing troops on their Thracian borders. Efforts at mediation by Dean Acheson, a former U.S. Secretary of State, and UN-appointed mediator Galo Plaza had failed, all the while the division of the two communities becoming more apparent. Greek Cypriot forces were estimated at some 30,000, including the National Guard and the large contingent from Greece. Defending the Turkish Cypriot enclaves was a force of approximately 5,000 irregulars, led by a Turkish colonel, but lacking the equipment and organisation of the Greek forces.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1964, U Thant, reported the damage during the conflicts:
UNFICYP carried out a detailed survey of all damage to properties throughout the island during the disturbances; it shows that in 109 villages, most of them Turkish-Cypriot or mixed villages, 527 houses have been destroyed while 2,000 others have suffered damage from looting.
The situation worsened in 1967, when a military junta overthrew the democratically elected government of Greece, and began applying pressure on Makarios to achieve enosis. Makarios, not wishing to become part of a military dictatorship or trigger a Turkish invasion, began to distance himself from the goal of enosis. This caused tensions with the junta in Greece as well as George Grivas in Cyprus. Grivas's control over the National Guard and Greek contingent was seen as a threat to Makarios's position, who now feared a possible coup.[citation needed] The National Guard and Cyprus Police began patrolling the Turkish Cypriot enclaves of Ayios Theodoros and Kophinou, and on November 15 engaged in heavy fighting with the Turkish Cypriots.
By the time of his withdrawal 26 Turkish Cypriots had been killed. Turkey replied with an ultimatum demanding that Grivas be removed from the island, that the troops smuggled from Greece in excess of the limits of the Treaty of Alliance be removed, and that the economic blockades on the Turkish Cypriot enclaves be lifted. Grivas was recalled by the Athens Junta and the 12,000 Greek troops were withdrawn. Makarios now attempted to consolidate his position by reducing the number of National Guard troops, and by creating a paramilitary force loyal to Cypriot independence. In 1968, acknowledging that enosis was now all but impossible, Makarios stated, "A solution by necessity must be sought within the limits of what is feasible which does not always coincide with the limits of what is desirable."
After 1967 tensions between the Greek and Turkish Cypriots subsided. Instead, the main source of tension on the island came from factions within the Greek Cypriot community. Although Makarios had effectively abandoned enosis in favour of an 'attainable solution', many others continued to believe that the only legitimate political aspiration for Greek Cypriots was union with Greece.
On his arrival, Grivas began by establishing a nationalist paramilitary group known as the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston B or EOKA-B), drawing comparisons with the EOKA struggle for enosis under the British colonial administration of the 1950s.
The military junta in Athens saw Makarios as an obstacle. Makarios's failure to disband the National Guard, whose officer class was dominated by mainland Greeks, had meant the junta had practical control over the Cypriot military establishment, leaving Makarios isolated and a vulnerable target.
During the first Turkish invasion, Turkish troops invaded Cyprus territory on 20 July 1974, invoking its rights under the Treaty of Guarantee. This expansion of Turkish-occupied zone violated International Law as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Turkish troops managed to capture 3% of the island which was accompanied by the burning of the Turkish Cypriot quarter, as well as the raping and killing of women and children. A temporary cease-fire followed which was mitigated by the UN Security Council. Subsequently, the Greek military Junta collapsed on July 23, 1974, and peace talks commenced in which a democratic government was installed. The Resolution 353 was broken after Turkey attacked a second time and managed to get a hold of 37% of Cyprus territory. The Island of Cyprus was appointed a Buffer Zone by the United Nations, which divided the island into two zones through the 'Green Line' and put an end to the Turkish invasion. Although Turkey announced that the occupied areas of Cyprus to be called the Federated Turkish State in 1975, it is not legitimised on a worldwide political scale. The United Nations called for the international recognition of independence for the Republic of Cyprus in the Security Council Resolution 367.
In the years after the Turkish invasion of northern Cyprus one can observe a history of failed talks between the two parties. The 1983 declaration of the independent Turkish Republic of Cyprus resulted in a rise of inter-communal tensions and made it increasingly hard to find mutual understanding. With Cyprus' interest of a possible EU membership and a new UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan in 1997 new hopes arose for a fresh start. International involvement from sides of the US and UK, wanting a solution to the Cyprus dispute prior to the EU accession led to political pressures for new talks. The believe that an accession without a solution would threaten Greek-Turkish relations and acknowledge the partition of the island would direct the coming negotiations.
Over the course of two years a concrete plan, the Annan plan was formulated. In 2004 the fifth version agreed upon from both sides and with the endorsement of Turkey, US, UK and EU then was presented to the public and was given a referendum in both Cypriot communities to assure the legitimisation of the resolution. The Turkish Cypriots voted with 65% for the plan, however the Greek Cypriots voted with a 76% majority against. The Annan plan contained multiple important topics. Firstly it established a confederation of two separate states called the United Cyprus Republic. Both communities would have autonomous states combined under one unified government. The members of parliament would be chosen according to the percentage in population numbers to ensure a just involvement from both communities. The paper proposed a demilitarisation of the island over the next years. Furthermore it agreed upon a number of 45000 Turkish settlers that could remain on the island. These settlers became a very important issue concerning peace talks. Originally the Turkish government encouraged Turks to settle in Cyprus providing transfer and property, to establish a counterpart to the Greek Cypriot population due to their 1 to 5 minority. With the economic situation many Turkish-Cypriot decided to leave the island, however their departure is made up by incoming Turkish settlers leaving the population ratio between Turkish Cypriots and Greek Cypriots stable. However all these points where criticised and as seen in the vote rejected mainly by the Greek Cypriots. These name the dissolution of the „Republic of Cyprus", economic consequences of a reunion and the remaining Turkish settlers as reason. Many claim that the plan was indeed drawing more from Turkish-Cypriot demands then Greek-Cypriot interests. Taking in consideration that the US wanted to keep Turkey as a strategic partner in future Middle Eastern conflicts.
A week after the failed referendum the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU. In multiple instances the EU tried to promote trade with Northern Cyprus but without internationally recognised ports this spiked a grand debate. Both side endure their intention of negotiations, however without the prospect of any new compromises or agreements the UN is unwilling to start the process again. Since 2004 negotiations took place in numbers but without any results, both sides are strongly holding on to their position without an agreeable solution in sight that would suit both parties.
An increase in financial support for nursing and midwifery students with dependants to help parents and carers into the workforce has been announced by the First Minister Nicola Sturgeon.
An extra £3m is to be invested in supporting those with children or dependants, helping up to 1000 of our most in need students, while the Nursing and Midwifery bursary is to be protected.
The First Minister made the announcement during a visit to the School of Health and Social Care at Edinburgh Napier Univesity where she meet staff and nursing and midwifery students,
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