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Background from a rescued damaged History of Spain book from 1880's. Pages and inscription in Spanish. Belonged to a soldier in the Philippines. Flower napkin overlay, bird guide for the flowers and humming bird. Scavenged postage stamp
Echinacea is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. It has ten species, which are commonly called coneflowers. They are found only in eastern and central North America, where they grow in moist to dry prairies and open wooded areas. They have large, showy heads of composite flowers, blooming in summer. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἐχῖνος (ekhinos), meaning "hedgehog", due to the spiny central disk. These flowering plants and their parts have different uses. Some species are cultivated in gardens for their showy flowers. Two of the species, E. tennesseensis and E. laevigata, were formerly listed in the United States as endangered species; E. tennesseensis has been delisted due to recovery[1] and E. laevigata is now listed as threatened.
Echinacea purpurea is used in traditional medicine. Although commonly sold as a dietary supplement, there is insufficient scientific evidence that Echinacea products are effective or safe for improving health or treating any disease.
Description
Echinacea species are herbaceous, drought-tolerant perennial plants growing up to 140 cm (4 ft 7 in) in height. They grow from taproots, except E. purpurea, which grows from a short caudex with fibrous roots. They have erect stems that in most species are unbranched. Both the basal and cauline (stem) leaves are arranged alternately. The leaves are normally hairy with a rough texture, having uniseriate trichomes (1–4 rings of cells), but sometimes they lack hairs. The basal leaves and the lower stem leaves have petioles, and as the leaves progress up the stem the petioles often decrease in length. The leaf blades in different species may have one, three, or five nerves. Some species have linear to lanceolate leaves, and others have elliptic- to ovate-shaped leaves; often the leaves decrease in size as they progress up the stems. Leaf bases gradually increase in width away from the petioles or the bases are rounded to heart shaped. Most species have leaf margins that are entire, but sometimes they are dentate or serrate.
The flowers are collected together into single rounded heads at the ends of long peduncles. The inflorescences have crateriform to hemispheric shaped involucres which are 12–40 mm (0.47–1.57 in) wide. The phyllaries, or bracts below the flower head, are persistent and number 15–50. The phyllaries are produced in a 2–4 series. The receptacles are hemispheric to conic. The paleae (chaffs on the receptacles of many Asteraceae) have orange to reddish purple ends, and are longer than the disc corollas. The paleae bases partially surrounding the cypselae, and are keeled with the apices abruptly constricted to awn-like tips. The ray florets number 8–21 and the corollas are dark purple to pale pink, white, or yellow. The tubes of the corolla are hairless or sparsely hairy, and the laminae are spreading, reflexed, or drooping in habit and linear to elliptic or obovate in shape. The abaxial faces of the laminae are glabrous or moderately hairy. The flower heads have typically 200–300 fertile, bisexual disc florets but some have more. The corollas are pinkish, greenish, reddish-purple or yellow and have tubes shorter than the throats. The pollen is normally yellow in most species, but usually white in E. pallida. The three or four-angled fruits (cypselae), are tan or bicolored with a dark brown band distally. The pappi are persistent and variously crown-shaped with 0 to 4 or more prominent teeth. x = 11.
Like all members of the sunflower family, the flowering structure is a composite inflorescence, with rose-colored (rarely yellow or white) florets arranged in a prominent, somewhat cone-shaped head – "cone-shaped" because the petals of the outer ray florets tend to point downward (are reflexed) once the flower head opens, thus forming a cone. Plants are generally long lived, with distinctive flowers. The common name "coneflower" comes from the characteristic center "cone" at the center of the flower head.
Taxonomy
The first Echinacea species were discovered by European explorers in forests of southeastern North America during the 18th century. The genus Echinacea was then formally described by Linnaeus in 1753, and this specimen as one of five species of Rudbeckia, Rudbeckia purpurea. Conrad Moench subsequently reclassified it in 1794 as the separate but related genus, Echinacea, with the single species Echinacea purpurea, so that the botanical authority is given as (L.) Moench. In 1818, Nuttall, using the original name, described a variety of Rudbeckia purpurea, which he named Rudbeckia purpurea var serotina. In 1836, De Candolle elevated this variety to a species in its own right, as Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) DC, by which time four species of the genus Echinacea were recognised.
Historically, there has been much confusion over the taxonomic treatment of the genus, largely due to the ease with which the taxa hybridize with introgression where species ranges overlap, and high morphological variation. Furthermore it was discovered that the type specimen for Echinacea purpurea (L) Moench was not the one originally described by Linnaeus, but rather that described by De Candolle as Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) DC.
Subdivision
Many taxonomic treatments of the genus Echinacea have recorded varying numbers of subordinate taxa, ranging between 2 and 11. One of the most widely adopted schemes was that of McGregor (1968), which included nine species, of which two, E. angustifolia DC and E. paradoxa (Norton) Britton, were further divided into two varietals. Treatments that include ten species, differ by the addition of E. serotina (Nutt.) DC. Alternative classification include with four species and eight subspecies, and two subgenera with four species, has been proposed, based on morphology alone, but has proved controversial. This recognised subgenus Echinacea, with the single species E. purpurea, and subgenus Pallida, with three species, E. atrorubens, E. laevigata and E. pallida. In this scheme, other taxa are reduced to variety rank, e.g. E. atrorubens var. neglecta.[6][15] Subsequently, McGregor's classification was preserved in the Flora of North America (2006).
DNA analysis has been applied to determine the number of Echinacea species, allowing clear distinctions among species based on chemical differences in root metabolites. The research concluded that of the 40 genetically diverse populations of Echinacea studied, there were nine to ten distinct species.
Species
Plants of the World Online gives nine accepted species,[17] and World Flora Online gives ten:
Echinacea angustifolia – Narrow-leaf coneflower
Echinacea atrorubens – Topeka purple coneflower
Echinacea laevigata – Smooth coneflower, smooth purple coneflower
Echinacea pallida – Pale purple coneflower
Echinacea paradoxa – Yellow coneflower, Bush's purple coneflower
Echinacea purpurea – Purple coneflower, eastern purple coneflower
Echinacea sanguinea – Sanguine purple coneflower
Echinacea serotina – Narrow-leaved purple coneflower
Echinacea simulata – Wavyleaf purple coneflower
Echinacea tennesseensis – Tennessee coneflower
These two databases differ in their treatment of E. serotina (Nutt.) DC. , the former considering this as a synonym of E. purpurea and the latter as a distinct species.
Former classification
Rudbeckia
Brauneria (1790)
Etymology
Moench named the genus Echinacea, from the Greek word ἐχῖνος (ekhinos) for hedgehog or sea-urchin, in recognition that in the seed stage, the cone has spiny projections.
Distribution and habitat
Echinacea is restricted to North America, east of the Rocky Mountains, and in the Atlantic drainage area, predominantly the Great Plains and central United States and adjacent areas of Canada. The genus range is from Saskatchewan in the north to almost the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana and Texas in the south, and from the Ohio oak savannas, glades of Tennessee and the Carolinas in the east, to the Rocky Mountain foothills in the west.
Conservation
Natural populations of Echinacea are threatened by over-harvesting of wild specimens for the herbal product trade and modification of their habitats by humans. Major reductions in the size of populations of E. laevigata and E. tennesseensis have led to their classification as endangered species. E. tennesseensis had recovered sufficiently by 2011 that it was removed from the list.
Cultivation
Many species of Echinacea are cultivated for commercial use,[15] while others, notably E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida, are grown as ornamental plants in gardens. Many cultivars exist, and many of them are asexually propagated to keep them true to type.
Uses
Echinacea angustifolia was widely used by the North American Indigenous peoples as folk medicine, with archaeological evidence dating back to the 18th century. Traditional use included external application (insect bites, burns, wounds), chewing of roots (throat and tooth infections) and internal use (cough, pain, snake bites, stomach cramps). Some Plains tribes used Echinacea for cold symptoms. The Kiowa used it for coughs and sore throats, the Cheyenne for sore throats, the Pawnee for headaches, and many tribes, including the Lakota, used it as a pain medication. Early European settlers noticed this and began to develop their own uses. According to Wallace Sampson, its modern use for the common cold began when a Swiss herbal supplement maker was told that Echinacea was used for cold prevention by Native American tribes who lived in the area of South Dakota. The first preparation was Meyers Blood Purifier (c. 1880), which was promoted for neuralgia, rattlesnake bites and rheumatism. By the start of the 20th century it was the most common herbal remedy in America.[citation needed] Commercial cultivation began in Germany in the late 1930s, and in Switzerland in 1950, by A. Vogel. Soon chemists and pharmacologists began the task of identifying potentially active ingredients and their properties. These included alyklamides, cichoric acid, echinacoside, ketoalkenes and polysaccharides. Extracts appeared to exhibit immunostimulant properties and were mainly promoted for the prevention and treatment of colds, influenza and sepsis. Despite many different preparations and hundreds of publications, no exact identification of a truly active ingredient has been identified.
Infectious diseases
Echinacea is of no benefit as a treatment for the common cold. A 2016 meta-analysis found tentative evidence that use of Echinacea extracts reduced the risk of repeated respiratory infections.
Side effects
When taken by mouth, Echinacea does not usually cause side effects, but may have undesirable interactions with various drugs prescribed for diseases, such as heart disease, bleeding, and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or psoriasis. Although there are no specific case reports of drug interactions with Echinacea, safety about taking Echinacea supplements is not well understood, with possibilities that it may cause side effects, such as nausea, stomach upset or diarrhea, and that it may have adverse reactions with other medications. One of the most extensive and systematic studies to review the safety of Echinacea products concluded that overall, "adverse events are rare, mild and reversible," with the most common symptoms being "gastrointestinal and skin-related." Such side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, itch, and rash. Echinacea has also been linked to allergic reactions, including asthma, shortness of breath, and one case of anaphylaxis. Muscle and joint pain has been associated with Echinacea, but it may have been caused by cold or flu symptoms for which the Echinacea products were administered. There are isolated case reports of rare and idiosyncratic reactions including thrombocytopenic purpura, leucopenia, hepatitis, kidney failure, and atrial fibrillation, although it is not clear that these were due to Echinacea itself. Up to 58 drugs or supplements may interact with Echinacea.
As a matter of manufacturing safety, one investigation by an independent-consumer testing laboratory found that five of eleven selected retail Echinacea products failed quality testing. Four of the failing products contained levels of phenols below the potency level stated on the labels. One failing product was contaminated with lead.
Children under 12 years old
The European Herbal Medicinal Products Committee (HMPC) and the UK Herbal Medicines Advisory Committee (HMAC) recommended against the use of Echinacea-containing products in children under the age of 12. Manufacturers re-labelled all oral Echinacea products that had product licenses for children with a warning that they should not be given to children under 12 as a precautionary measure.
Pregnancy
Although research has not found increased risk of birth defects associated with use of Echinacea during the first trimester, it is recommended that pregnant women should avoid Echinacea products until stronger safety supporting evidence becomes available.
Lactation
It is recommended that women breastfeeding should use caution with Echinacea products due to insufficient safety information available.
General precaution
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends precaution about using dietary supplements because some products may not be risk free under certain circumstances or may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines.
As with any herbal preparation, individual doses of Echinacea may vary significantly in chemical composition. Inconsistent process control in manufactured echinacea products may involve poor inter- and intra-batch homogeneity, species or plant part differences, variable extraction methods, and contamination or adulteration with other products, leading to potential for substantial product variability.
Research
Echinacea products vary widely in composition.[40] They contain different species (E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, E. pallida), different plant segments (roots, flowers, extracts), different preparations (extracts and expressed juice), and different chemical compositions which complicate understanding of a potential effect. Well-controlled clinical trials are limited and low in quality, with little scientific evidence that Echinacea supplement products are useful for treating any disease.
According to Cancer Research UK, "There is no scientific evidence to show that echinacea can help treat, prevent or cure cancer in any way. Some therapists have claimed that echinacea can help relieve side effects from cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but this has not been proven either."
Although there are multiple scientific reviews and meta-analyses published on the supposed immunological effects of Echinacea, there is significant variability of products used among studies, leading to low-quality or no evidence for efficacy and safety, leading to considerable controversy. Consequently, regulatory authorities, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration, have not approved Echinacea products as safe and effective for any health or therapeutic purpose.
HMPC HINO RK
Body: Hino Partex MR53
Engine: JO8C-TK
Chassis: RK1JST
Transmission: 6 speed manual 1 speed reverse
Suspension: Leafspring
Orani, Bataan
One of the operator in the past that operates fleet of Hino Buses, Tritran sporting eagle livery design.
Facebook Forum: www.facebook.com/groups/busesinthephilippines/
Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/busesinthephilippines2006/
Flickr Group: www.flickr.com/groups/buses-inthe-philippines/
May pagka-classic ito dahil yung crown nya ang nagdala. :) Nostalgic na nostalgic talaga ang itsura nya dahil sa crown maski bagong henerasyon ang body nito.
Company/Owner: Viron Transit Company, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 3085
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Pilipinas Hino Bus Body, Inc.
Body Model: Pilipinas Hino MR57 RK
Engine Model: Hino J08C-TK
Chassis Model: Hino RK1JST (Long Wheelbase version)
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Franchise route: Bucay (Abra)–Cubao (Quezon City) via Penarrubia
Route: Bangued, Abra [BND, AB]–Sampaloc, Manila City [SMP, MN] via N204 (Ilocos Sur–Abra Road) / N2 (MacArthur Highway) / E1 (TPLEX-Urdaneta City–NLEX-Balintawak)
Municipalities/cities passing: Pidigan/San Quintin/Narvacan/Santa Maria/San Esteban/Santiago/Candon City [DON]/Santa Lucia/Santa Cruz/Tagudin/Sudipen/Bangar/Luna/Balaoan/Bacnotan/San Juan/San Fernando City [SFE]/Bauang/Caba/Aringay/Agoo/Santo Tomas/Rosario/Sison/Pozorrubio/Binalonan/Urdaneta City
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) via Ilocos Region (Region I)
Shot Location: Ligas Footbridge, NLEX-Santa Rita, Guiguinto, Bulacan
Date and Time Taken: May 26, 2018 (15:37H)
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
Gouache and a touch of white gesso on boxboard. Map scrap (bottom) and magazine scrap (top). Mushrooms and packing tape transferred captions from a rescued Natural History textbook.
Swapbot: Put a MUSHROOM on it (USA) (Creative Collage group)
Superlines Transport Fleets
Fleet Nos.: ( from Left to Right )
1163
Model: HMPC Grandeza II
( Hino RK8J )
176, 149, 179
Model: HMPC Grand-Voltron
( Hino RK1J )
Afternoon Executive Love SuperLines Drop-off! 💘🌇
Superlines Transportation Co., Inc. | 976 | Hino RK8J | Grandeza II fleet by Hino Motors Philippines Corp. (HMPC)
🕚 Date Taken on April 23, 2022 • 5:59 PM
📍 Photo Shot Location @ Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX), Parañaque City
#MacBusEnthusiast #BehindTheBusSpottingPhotography @macbusenthusiastph
#BusesInThePhilippines #ProudlyPinoyMade #LoveLocals
#JapaneseTechnology #JapaneseStandards #HinoBus #HinoRK #HinoRK #RK8J #HinoGrandeza #GrandezaII #HMPC
#SuperlinesTransportation
Nelbusco Inc. used to operate fleet of Hino Grandtheater.
Also posted in the following link:
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#busesinthephilippines #bitp #bitp2006 #gawangPilipino #tatakPilipino #tangkilikinangatin #proudlyPhilippinemade #philippinesbuses
One of the operator in the past that operates fleet of Hino Buses, Tritran sporting eagle livery design - inverted color.
Facebook Forum: www.facebook.com/groups/busesinthephilippines/
Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/busesinthephilippines2006/
Flickr Group: www.flickr.com/groups/buses-inthe-philippines/
Echinacea is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family. It has ten species, which are commonly called coneflowers. They are found only in eastern and central North America, where they grow in moist to dry prairies and open wooded areas. They have large, showy heads of composite flowers, blooming in summer. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἐχῖνος (ekhinos), meaning "hedgehog", due to the spiny central disk. These flowering plants and their parts have different uses. Some species are cultivated in gardens for their showy flowers. Two of the species, E. tennesseensis and E. laevigata, were formerly listed in the United States as endangered species; E. tennesseensis has been delisted due to recovery[1] and E. laevigata is now listed as threatened.
Echinacea purpurea is used in traditional medicine. Although commonly sold as a dietary supplement, there is insufficient scientific evidence that Echinacea products are effective or safe for improving health or treating any disease.
Echinacea species are herbaceous, drought-tolerant perennial plants growing up to 140 cm (4 ft 7 in) in height. They grow from taproots, except E. purpurea, which grows from a short caudex with fibrous roots. They have erect stems that in most species are unbranched. Both the basal and cauline (stem) leaves are arranged alternately. The leaves are normally hairy with a rough texture, having uniseriate trichomes (1–4 rings of cells), but sometimes they lack hairs. The basal leaves and the lower stem leaves have petioles, and as the leaves progress up the stem the petioles often decrease in length. The leaf blades in different species may have one, three, or five nerves. Some species have linear to lanceolate leaves, and others have elliptic- to ovate-shaped leaves; often the leaves decrease in size as they progress up the stems. Leaf bases gradually increase in width away from the petioles or the bases are rounded to heart shaped. Most species have leaf margins that are entire, but sometimes they are dentate or serrate.
The flowers are collected together into single rounded heads at the ends of long peduncles. The inflorescences have crateriform to hemispheric shaped involucres which are 12–40 mm (0.47–1.57 in) wide. The phyllaries, or bracts below the flower head, are persistent and number 15–50. The phyllaries are produced in a 2–4 series. The receptacles are hemispheric to conic. The paleae (chaffs on the receptacles of many Asteraceae) have orange to reddish purple ends, and are longer than the disc corollas. The paleae bases partially surrounding the cypselae, and are keeled with the apices abruptly constricted to awn-like tips. The ray florets number 8–21 and the corollas are dark purple to pale pink, white, or yellow. The tubes of the corolla are hairless or sparsely hairy, and the laminae are spreading, reflexed, or drooping in habit and linear to elliptic or obovate in shape. The abaxial faces of the laminae are glabrous or moderately hairy. The flower heads have typically 200–300 fertile, bisexual disc florets but some have more. The corollas are pinkish, greenish, reddish-purple or yellow and have tubes shorter than the throats. The pollen is normally yellow in most species, but usually white in E. pallida. The three or four-angled fruits (cypselae), are tan or bicolored with a dark brown band distally. The pappi are persistent and variously crown-shaped with 0 to 4 or more prominent teeth. x = 11.
Like all members of the sunflower family, the flowering structure is a composite inflorescence, with rose-colored (rarely yellow or white) florets arranged in a prominent, somewhat cone-shaped head – "cone-shaped" because the petals of the outer ray florets tend to point downward (are reflexed) once the flower head opens, thus forming a cone. Plants are generally long lived, with distinctive flowers. The common name "coneflower" comes from the characteristic center "cone" at the center of the flower head.
The first Echinacea species were discovered by European explorers in forests of southeastern North America during the 18th century. The genus Echinacea was then formally described by Linnaeus in 1753, and this specimen as one of five species of Rudbeckia, Rudbeckia purpurea. Conrad Moench subsequently reclassified it in 1794 as the separate but related genus, Echinacea, with the single species Echinacea purpurea, so that the botanical authority is given as (L.) Moench. In 1818, Nuttall, using the original name, described a variety of Rudbeckia purpurea, which he named Rudbeckia purpurea var serotina. In 1836, De Candolle elevated this variety to a species in its own right, as Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) DC, by which time four species of the genus Echinacea were recognised.
Historically, there has been much confusion over the taxonomic treatment of the genus, largely due to the ease with which the taxa hybridize with introgression where species ranges overlap, and high morphological variation. Furthermore it was discovered that the type specimen for Echinacea purpurea (L) Moench was not the one originally described by Linnaeus, but rather that described by De Candolle as Echinacea serotina (Nutt.) DC.
Many taxonomic treatments of the genus Echinacea have recorded varying numbers of subordinate taxa, ranging between 2 and 11. One of the most widely adopted schemes was that of McGregor (1968), which included nine species, of which two, E. angustifolia DC and E. paradoxa (Norton) Britton, were further divided into two varietals. Treatments that include ten species, differ by the addition of E. serotina (Nutt.) DC. Alternative classification include with four species and eight subspecies, and two subgenera with four species, has been proposed, based on morphology alone, but has proved controversial. This recognised subgenus Echinacea, with the single species E. purpurea, and subgenus Pallida, with three species, E. atrorubens, E. laevigata and E. pallida. In this scheme, other taxa are reduced to variety rank, e.g. E. atrorubens var. neglecta. Subsequently, McGregor's classification was preserved in the Flora of North America (2006).
DNA analysis has been applied to determine the number of Echinacea species, allowing clear distinctions among species based on chemical differences in root metabolites. The research concluded that of the 40 genetically diverse populations of Echinacea studied, there were nine to ten distinct species.
Plants of the World Online gives nine accepted species, and World Flora Online gives ten:
Echinacea angustifolia – Narrow-leaf coneflower
Echinacea atrorubens – Topeka purple coneflower
Echinacea laevigata – Smooth coneflower, smooth purple coneflower
Echinacea pallida – Pale purple coneflower
Echinacea paradoxa – Yellow coneflower, Bush's purple coneflower
Echinacea purpurea – Purple coneflower, eastern purple coneflower
Echinacea sanguinea – Sanguine purple coneflower
Echinacea serotina – Narrow-leaved purple coneflower
Echinacea simulata – Wavyleaf purple coneflower
Echinacea tennesseensis – Tennessee coneflower
These two databases differ in their treatment of E. serotina (Nutt.) DC. , the former considering this as a synonym of E. purpurea and the latter as a distinct species.
Moench named the genus Echinacea, from the Greek word ἐχῖνος (ekhinos) for hedgehog or sea-urchin, in recognition that in the seed stage, the cone has spiny projections.
Echinacea is restricted to North America, east of the Rocky Mountains, and in the Atlantic drainage area, predominantly the Great Plains and central United States and adjacent areas of Canada. The genus range is from Saskatchewan in the north to almost the Gulf of Mexico in Louisiana and Texas in the south, and from the Ohio oak savannas, glades of Tennessee and the Carolinas in the east, to the Rocky Mountain foothills in the west.
Natural populations of Echinacea are threatened by over-harvesting of wild specimens for the herbal product trade and modification of their habitats by humans. Major reductions in the size of populations of E. laevigata and E. tennesseensis have led to their classification as endangered species. E. tennesseensis had recovered sufficiently by 2011 that it was removed from the list.
Many species of Echinacea are cultivated for commercial use, while others, notably E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida, are grown as ornamental plants in gardens. Many cultivars exist, and many of them are asexually propagated to keep them true to type.
Echinacea angustifolia was widely used by the North American Indigenous peoples as folk medicine, with archaeological evidence dating back to the 18th century. Traditional use included external application (insect bites, burns, wounds), chewing of roots (throat and tooth infections) and internal use (cough, pain, snake bites, stomach cramps). Some Plains tribes used Echinacea for cold symptoms. The Kiowa used it for coughs and sore throats, the Cheyenne for sore throats, the Pawnee for headaches, and many tribes, including the Lakota, used it as a pain medication. Early European settlers noticed this and began to develop their own uses. According to Wallace Sampson, its modern use for the common cold began when a Swiss herbal supplement maker was told that Echinacea was used for cold prevention by Native American tribes who lived in the area of South Dakota. The first preparation was Meyers Blood Purifier (c. 1880), which was promoted for neuralgia, rattlesnake bites and rheumatism. By the start of the 20th century it was the most common herbal remedy in America.[citation needed] Commercial cultivation began in Germany in the late 1930s, and in Switzerland in 1950, by A. Vogel. Soon chemists and pharmacologists began the task of identifying potentially active ingredients and their properties. These included alyklamides, cichoric acid, echinacoside, ketoalkenes and polysaccharides. Extracts appeared to exhibit immunostimulant properties and were mainly promoted for the prevention and treatment of colds, influenza and sepsis. Despite many different preparations and hundreds of publications, no exact identification of a truly active ingredient has been identified.
Echinacea is of no benefit as a treatment for the common cold. A 2016 meta-analysis found tentative evidence that use of Echinacea extracts reduced the risk of repeated respiratory infections.
When taken by mouth, Echinacea does not usually cause side effects, but may have undesirable interactions with various drugs prescribed for diseases, such as heart disease, bleeding, and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or psoriasis. Although there are no specific case reports of drug interactions with Echinacea, safety about taking Echinacea supplements is not well understood, with possibilities that it may cause side effects, such as nausea, stomach upset or diarrhea, and that it may have adverse reactions with other medications. One of the most extensive and systematic studies to review the safety of Echinacea products concluded that overall, "adverse events are rare, mild and reversible," with the most common symptoms being "gastrointestinal and skin-related." Such side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, itch, and rash. Echinacea has also been linked to allergic reactions, including asthma, shortness of breath, and one case of anaphylaxis. Muscle and joint pain has been associated with Echinacea, but it may have been caused by cold or flu symptoms for which the Echinacea products were administered. There are isolated case reports of rare and idiosyncratic reactions including thrombocytopenic purpura, leucopenia, hepatitis, kidney failure, and atrial fibrillation, although it is not clear that these were due to Echinacea itself. Up to 58 drugs or supplements may interact with Echinacea.
As a matter of manufacturing safety, one investigation by an independent-consumer testing laboratory found that five of eleven selected retail Echinacea products failed quality testing. Four of the failing products contained levels of phenols below the potency level stated on the labels. One failing product was contaminated with lead.
The European Herbal Medicinal Products Committee (HMPC) and the UK Herbal Medicines Advisory Committee (HMAC) recommended against the use of Echinacea-containing products in children under the age of 12. Manufacturers re-labelled all oral Echinacea products that had product licenses for children with a warning that they should not be given to children under 12 as a precautionary measure.
Although research has not found increased risk of birth defects associated with use of Echinacea during the first trimester, it is recommended that pregnant women should avoid Echinacea products until stronger safety supporting evidence becomes available.
It is recommended that women breastfeeding should use caution with Echinacea products due to insufficient safety information available.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends precaution about using dietary supplements because some products may not be risk free under certain circumstances or may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines.
As with any herbal preparation, individual doses of Echinacea may vary significantly in chemical composition. Inconsistent process control in manufactured echinacea products may involve poor inter- and intra-batch homogeneity, species or plant part differences, variable extraction methods, and contamination or adulteration with other products, leading to potential for substantial product variability.
Echinacea products vary widely in composition. They contain different species (E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, E. pallida), different plant segments (roots, flowers, extracts), different preparations (extracts and expressed juice), and different chemical compositions which complicate understanding of a potential effect. Well-controlled clinical trials are limited and low in quality, with little scientific evidence that Echinacea supplement products are useful for treating any disease.
According to Cancer Research UK, "There is no scientific evidence to show that echinacea can help treat, prevent or cure cancer in any way. Some therapists have claimed that echinacea can help relieve side effects from cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but this has not been proven either."
Although there are multiple scientific reviews and meta-analyses published on the supposed immunological effects of Echinacea, there is significant variability of products used among studies, leading to low-quality or no evidence for efficacy and safety, leading to considerable controversy. Consequently, regulatory authorities, such as the United States Food and Drug Administration, have not approved Echinacea products as safe and effective for any health or therapeutic purpose.
Kapampangan Delmontefied Noble Megatron back to the city
RJ Express, Inc. | 886 | Hyundai Universe Xpress Noble (Modified Fascia in DM16 S1 Front Mask was done in-house) fleet by Hyundai Motor Company (Korea)
🚏 Route: Cubao, Quezon City - San Fernando, Pampanga
Featuring Baliwag Transit, Inc. 1826 in Hino RK8J HMPC Grandeza
🕚 Date Taken on November 2022
📍 Photo Shot Location @ North Ave., cor. Mindanao Ave., Bagong Pag-asa, Quezon City
️ Landmark: Ayala Malls Trinoma
#MacBusEnthusiast #BehindTheBusSpottingPhotography
#BusesInThePhilippines #BusPhotography
#FeelTheRhythmOfKoreanBus #KoreanBus #Hyundai #HyundaiBus #HyundaiUniverse #HyundaiUniverseXpress #HyundaiUniverseXpressNoble #HUXN #KDM #HyundaiMotorCompany #HMC #RJExpressInc
Nung makita ako nito, grabe, nagpapogi pa para ma-expose. Haha! Buti nga, at nakuha nyang magpapogi, samantalang yung ibang drayber, napakasungit nang tingin kapag nakikita lang magpitik ng bus o trak.
Company/Owner: RVL Movers Corporation
Truck/Fleet Number: N/A
Classification: Tractor Head and Multi-Car Carrier Step Deck Trailer
Manufacturer: Hino Motors Philippines Corporation
Body Model: Hino Philippines 700 2042 Tractor SH
Engine Model: Hino E13C-UN
Chassis Model: Hino SH1EESA
Axle Configuration/Drivetrain: 4×2
Cab Variant: Sleeper Cab
Transmission: 7-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspensions
Shot Location: Ipil Junction, Highway 1/Asian Highway 26 (Pan-Philippine Highway/Maharlika Highway), Barangay Ipil, Echague, Isabela
Date Taken: May 18, 2018 (13:46H)
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
Lumapit pa sa akin para makunan ko nang maayos. Hehe. Tikas talaga ng Grandeza ni Baliwag dahil maporma ang pagkakagawa ng Hino. =)
Company/Owner: Baliwag Transit, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 1500
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Hino Motors Philippines Corporation
Body Model: Hino Philippines (Pilipinas Hino) Grandeza I RK
Engine Model: Hino J08C-TK
Chassis Model: Hino RK1JST (Long Wheelbase Version)
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Route: Cubao, Quezon City–Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija via N1 (Maharlika Highway)
Municipalities/Cities passing: Santa Rita (Guiguinto)/Plaridel/Pulilan/Baliuag/San Rafael/San Ildefonso/San Miguel/Gapan City/San Leonardo/Santa Rosa
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Central Luzon (Region III)
Shot Location: Doña Remedios Trinidad Highway (Maharlika Highway), Barangay Cut-cot, Pulilan, Bulacan
Date Taken: August 10, 2015
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
Company/Owner: Luzon Cisco Transport, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 107
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Pilipinas Hino Auto Body, Inc.
Body Model: Pilipinas Hino Grand-Echo II RM
Engine Model: Hino P11C-TH
Chassis Model: Hino RM2PSS
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Wide Air Suspension (WideSus)
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Franchise route: Santa Cruz (Zambales)–Pasay City
Route: Santa Cruz, Zambales [CRZ, ZA]–Pasay City [PSY]/Cubao, Quezon City [CUB, QC] via N306 (Olongapo–Bugallon Road) / N55 (Romulo Highway) / E1 (SCTEX-Concepcion–NLEX-SCTEX Connector–NLEX-Angeles Exit–NLEX-Balintawak)
Municipalities/cities passing: Infanta/Dasol/Burgos/Mabini/Alaminos City [AMN]/Sual/Labrador/Bugallon/Aguilar/Mangatarem/San Clemente/Camiling [CAM]/Santa Ignacia | Gerona/Tarlac City [TRL]/Capas/Concepcion–Marquee Mall (Angeles City [ALS])
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Central Luzon (Region III) via Ilocos Region (Region I)
Shot Location: E1 (SCTEX), Mabalacat City, Pampanga
Date Taken: May 17, 2018
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
One of my favorite Echo ni Baliwag na byaheng mainline. Bagay na bagay talaga ang Echo 1 for mainline na via Bulacan man o via SCTEX.
Sponsor si Jollibee dito kaya busog mga pasahero. Hehe.
Company/Owner: Baliwag Transit, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 1126 (former 1121)
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Pilipinas Hino Auto Body, Inc.
Body Model: Pilipinas Hino Grand-Echo I RK
Engine Model: Hino J08C-TK
Chassis Model: Hino RK1JMT (Short Wheelbase version)
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 45
Case Number: 77-523
Franchise route: San Jose City (Nueva Ecija)–Pasay via Cabanatuan/NLEX
Route: San Jose City, Nueva Ecija–Cubao, Quezon City/Pasay City via N1 (Maharlika Highway) / Felipe Vergara Highway / Carmen–Cabanatuan Road / Santa Rosa–Tarlac Road / SCTEX-Amucao–NLEX-Balintawak
Municipalities/cities passing: Science City of Muñoz/Santo Domingo/Talavera/Cabanatuan City/Aliaga/Zaragoza/La Paz/Tarlac City
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Central Luzon (Region III)
Shot Location: N1/AH26 (Pan Philippine Highway/Maharlika Highway), Poblacion, San Jose City, Nueva Ecija
Date Taken: January 28, 2016
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
Initial branding of Pangasinan's Five Star.
Facebook Forum: www.facebook.com/groups/busesinthephilippines/
Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/busesinthephilippines2006/
Flickr Group: www.flickr.com/groups/buses-inthe-philippines/
I gave them the print.. this is scaned from an 8X10 optical(darkroom)print from a reclaimed negative from fp100c film..see my method here:
I was playing around with watercolor by painting circles.
Swapbot: HMPC: Circle love - February (Handmade Postcard Club group)
Solar Flare Premium Deza II in MOA ☀️
Solaire Resort & Casino (Shuttle Bus) in Hino RK8J Grandeza II fleet by Hino Motors Philippines Corp. (HMPC)
🕙 Date Taken on August 2022
📍 Photo Shot Location @ SM Mall of Asia, Pacific Dr, Pasay City
#MacBusEnthusiast #BehindTheBusSpottingPhotography
#BusesInThePhilippines #BusPhotography #ProudlyPinoyMade #LoveLocals #JapaneseTechnology #JapaneseStandards #Hino #HinoBus #HinoRK #HinoRK8J #RK8J #Euro4 #HinoGrandeza #HinoGrandezaII #Grandeza #GrandezaII #HinoRK8JGrandezaII #HinoMotorsPhilippinesCorp #HMPC #SolaireResortAndCasino #ShuttleBus
Company/Owner: Golden Bee Transport and Logistics Corporation
Fleet/Bus Number: 931
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Hino Motors Philippines Corporation
Body Model: Hino Philippines (Pilipinas Hino) Grand-Echo I RK
Engine Model: Hino J08C-TK
Chassis Model: Hino RK1JMT (Short Wheelbase Version)
Transmission: Manual (6-speed forward, 1-speed reverse)
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Route: Grace Park, Caloocan City–Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija via N1 (Maharlika Highway)
Municipalities/cities passing: Santa Rita (Guiguinto)/Plaridel/Pulilan/Baliuag/San Rafael/San Ildefonso/San Miguel/Gapan City/San Leonardo/Santa Rosa
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Central Luzon (Region III)
––––––––––
Company/Owner: Luzon Cisco Transport, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 109
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Hino Motors Philippines Corporation
Body Model: Hino Philippines (Pilipinas Hino) Grand-Echo II RM
Engine Model: Hino P11C-TH
Chassis Model: Hino RM2PSS
Transmission: Manual (6-speed forward, 1-speed reverse)
Suspension: Wide Air Suspension (WideSus)
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Route: Cubao, Quezon City–Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija via N1 (Maharlika Highway)
Municipalities/cities passing: Santa Rita (Guiguinto)/Plaridel/Pulilan/Baliuag/San Rafael/San Ildefonso/San Miguel/Gapan City/San Leonardo/Santa Rosa
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Central Luzon (Region III)
Shot Location: Pulilan–Plaridel Regional Road/Bypass Road, Cut-cot, Pulilan, Bulacan
Date Taken: January 26, 2016
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
Do Not Disturb.
MailArt master board collage for two large postcards. Can anyone name what the Do Not Disturb mesh is from :D? Other ephemera: various papers, deli paper, international postage, local and Mexico transit passes, washi tape
ADDENDUM: Also Swap-bot - HMPC: Put a number on it
Mukhang siya na ang pumalit kay 2709.
Company/Owner: Baliwag Transit, Inc.
Fleet/Bus Number: 1756
Classification: Air-conditioned Provincial Bus
Coachbuilder: Hino Motors Philippines Corporation
Body Model: Hino Philippines (Pilipinas Hino) Grandeza RK
Engine Model: Hino J08C-TK
Chassis Model: Hino RK1JST (Long Wheelbase Version)
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 2×2
Seating Capacity: 49
Franchise route: Bongabon (Nueva Ecija)–Caloocan City
Route: Grace Park, Caloocan City–Bongabon, Nueva Ecija via N1 (Maharlika Highway) / N112 (Nueva Ecija–Aurora Road)
Municipalities/Cities passing: Santa Rita (Guiguinto)/Plaridel/Pulilan/Baliuag/San Rafael/San Ildefonso/San Miguel/Gapan City/San Leonardo/Santa Rosa/Cabanatuan City/Palayan City
Type of Operation: Provincial Operation Public Utility Bus (Regular Class)
Area of Operation: Central Luzon (Region III)
Shot Location: Pulilan–Plaridel Diversion Road, Barangay Cut-cot, Pulilan, Bulacan
Date Taken: May 23, 2018
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
Hand carved monkey stamp and leaf stamps. Monkey is based on a rhesus monkey photo found online. Leaf stamp was one I carved for another project; I added it to the postcard by making a cardboard mask to cover up the monkey.
Swapbot: Year of the Monkey (Hand carved Stamps and Images group)
Mixed media postcard - wood veneer, paper, acrylic rhinestone, acrylic paint, watercolor, lint, enhanced laser print.
Daewoo BS106 killer
Bus builder: Hino Motors Philippines Corporation
Chassis No.: RK8JMUA
Engine No.: J08E-UB
Emission standard: Euro 4
Anybody agree if HMPC should make Hino Blue Ribbon city buses like this?
Today's story and sketch "by me" you see Pudgy Gofish piloting his Gotcha Island Glider, where the largest strawberry
blaster tournament has just concluded, with Stan Gofish seen in his overhead bunker (he built overnight), and is the overall winner, and about to receive A really big trophy, and Grand Prize of five thousand moon pies a month for life. This contest "SBIT" Strawberry Blaster Island Tournament, was started by Pudgy hundreds of years ago, after he got bored with the cooperate life as the night manager, and cook at a swanky hotel in the Hyatt crater. Then one night while filling a Moon Pie icing blaster, it misfired and shot a wad of filling at a bus boy, he and the busboy got a big laugh about it. Pudgy then loaded up the blaster with a basket of strawberries, and began chasing the bellboys and cleaning ladies through the hotel shooting them with his new invention the berry blaster, (now available at Amazon). He of course was fired from the night manager Job, and had to find a new carrier. And that's when he started "SBIT" with all of his savings, invested in dozens of blasters, and a down payment on the uninhabited Gotcha Island here in the Bahamas, he contracted with Sheri Berry, for a supply of strawberries that he flies in every week in the Gotcha Glider.
(He and Sheri are an item) but that is a story for another time.
What started those hundreds of years ago is now sponsored by "HMPC", the humongous moon pie company,
and most of the big corporations on Lippo for their employees to DE stress and have a fun filled week vacation,
they bring their spouses, or friend, (no alien children
allowed on the Island).
Sign up for spring leagues starts tomorrow.
Think of it as a food fights for adults with tactical weapons.
Until next time Taa ta the Rod Blog
When nothing seems to be going right take your mate on a vacation, or even just a nice walk.
Company/Owner: De Guia Enterprises, Inc. (branded as G Liner)
Fleet/Bus Number: 5041
Classification: Air-conditioned City Bus
Coachbuilder: Pilipinas Hino Auto Body, Inc.
Body Model: Hino Philippines (Pilipinas Hino) Grand-Metro II FG
Engine Model: Hino J08E-UG
Chassis Model: Hino FG8JPSB
Transmission: 6-speed Manual Transmission
Suspension: Leaf Spring Suspension
Seating Configuration: 3×2
Seating Capacity: 66
Franchise route: Taytay (Rizal)–Quiapo via Ortigas Avenue, Manila East Road
Route: Quiapo, Manila City [QUO, MN]–Taytay Rizal [TYT, RZ] via N180 (Legarda Street–Magsaysay Boulevard) / Circumferential Road 1 / N130 (Gregorio Araneta Avenue) / Pinaglabanan / N60 (Ortigas Avenue) / N601 (Manila East Road)
Areas/landmarks/stations passing: Manila City: University of the East Recto/San Sebastian College Recoletos\Legarda Street\Arellano University Legarda\Pureza LRT Station\Altura\V. Mapa LRT Station\SM City Santa Mesa; San Juan City: Agora Market\Pinaglabanan\San Juan City Hall\San Juan City Jail\Greenhills Shopping Center; Mandaluyong City: La Salle Green Hills; Quezon City: EDSA Shrine/Robinsons Galleria; Pasig City: Center Gate\Meralco Theater\MC Home Depot Ortigas\Countryside Village\Super 8 Grocery Warehouse Ortigas Extension\SM City East Ortigas; Cainta: Cainta Public Market/Robinsons Cainta\Cainta Junction\SSS Cainta\CK Square/STI Cainta\Cainta Public Cemetery\Primark Town Center; Taytay: Saint Anthony Subdivision\Waltermart Taytay\Taytay Rotonda\Manila East Medical Center\Tikling\SM City Taytay\Wilcon Depot Taytay\Veterans Memorial Park
Type of Operation: City Operation Public Utility Bus (Non-EDSA City Bus | Regular Class)
Area of Operations: National Capital Region (NCR) / CALABARZON (Region IV-A)
Shot Location: Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City
Date and Time Taken: May 12, 2018 (17:26H)
Notices:
* Please DON'T GRAB A PHOTO WITHOUT A PERMISSION. If you're going to GRAB IT, please give A CREDIT TO THE OWNER. Also, don't PRINT SCREEN my photos.
** If I have mistakes on the specifications, please comment in a good manner so that I can edit it immediately.
*** The specifications and routes (for provincial, inter-provincial, and city operation) mentioned above are subjected for verification and may be changed without prior notice.
**** The vehicle's registration plate(s), conduction sticker(s), and/or persons (if applicable) were pixelated/blurred to prevent any conflict with the photographer, the bus company and/or to the car owner for their security and/or privacy purposes. So, don't use their plate number, conduction sticker, and vehicle tag as an evidence for any incident. And, I have taken this photo for bus fanatics, bus enthusiasts, and bus lovers purposes.
R.J.M. Liner is a defunct south operator in the past that operates fleet of Hino Buses
Facebook Forum: www.facebook.com/groups/busesinthephilippines/
Facebook Page: www.facebook.com/busesinthephilippines2006/
Flickr Group: www.flickr.com/groups/buses-inthe-philippines/
Mermaid sketches (color added with colored pencils) added to sea turtle advocacy postcard. Sent to fan of sea turtles and mermaids :^)
Swapbot: Altered Postcards (Amazing Mail ART group)
De Guia's Typhoon waiting for dispatch 🌀 + The landscape of Gilmore 🌳🌼
De Guia Enterprises, Inc. / G Liner | 2011 | Hino FG Grandmetro fleet by Pilipinas Hino, Inc.
🕚 Date Taken on July 19, 2021 - 1:05 PM
📍 Photo Shot Location @ Gilmore Ave. cor 1st St., New Manila, Quezon City
🚏 Rationalized Route Assigned in Route 11: Gilmore - Taytay (under Mega Manila Consortium Corporation)
🚏 Franchise / Original Route: Cainta - Quiapo
#MacBusEnthusiast #BehindTheBusSpottingPhotography @macbusenthusiastph
#BusesInThePhilippines #ProudlyPinoyMade #LoveLocals #JapaneseTechnology #JapaneseStandards #HinoBus #HinoFG #HinoGrandmetroII #PilipinasHino #HMPC #GLiner