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Explore #12
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Foro Romano - Roma - Italia / Roman Forum - Rome - Italy
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de/from: Wikipedia
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es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foro_Romano
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Foro Romano
El Foro Romano (en latín, Forum Romanum, aunque los romanos se referían a él comúnmente como Forum Magnum o simplemente Forum) era el foro de la ciudad de Roma, es decir, la zona central —semejante a las plazas centrales en las ciudades actuales— donde se encuentran las instituciones de gobierno, de mercado y religiosas. Al igual que hoy en día, era donde tenían lugar el comercio, los negocios, la prostitución, la religión y la administración de justicia. En él se situaba el hogar comunal.
Series de restos de pavimento muestran que sedimentos erosionados desde las colinas circundantes ya estaban elevando el nivel del foro en la primera época de la República. Originalmente había sido un terreno pantanoso, que fue drenado por los Tarquinios mediante la Cloaca Máxima. Su pavimento de travertino definitivo, que aún puede verse, data del reinado de César Augusto.
Actualmente es famoso por sus restos, que muestran elocuentemente el uso de los espacios urbanos durante el Imperio romano. El Foro Romano incluye los siguientes monumentos, edificios y demás ruinas antiguas importantes:
Templo de Cástor y Pólux
Templo de Rómulo
Templo de Saturno
Templo de Vesta
Casa de las Vestales
Templo de Venus y Roma
Templo de César
Basílica Emilia
Basílica Julia
Arco de Septimio Severo
Arco de Tito
Rostra (plural de rostrum), la tribuna desde donde los políticos daban sus discursos a los ciudadanos romanos.
Curia Julia, sede del Senado.
Basílica de Majencio y Constantino
Tabulario
Templo de Antonino y Faustina
Regia
Templo de Vespasiano y Tito
Templo de la Concordia
Templo de Jano
Un camino procesional, la Vía Sacra, cruza el Foro Romano conectándolo con el Coliseo. Al final del Imperio perdió su uso cotidiano quedando como lugar sagrado.
El último monumento construido en el Foro fue la Columna de Focas. Durante la Edad Media, aunque la memoria del Foro Romano persistió, los edificios fueron en su mayor parte enterrados bajo escombros y su localización, la zona entre el monte Capitolino y el Coliseo, fue designada Campo Vaccinio o ‘campo bovino’. El regreso del papa Urbano V desde Aviñón en 1367 despertó un creciente interés por los monumentos antiguos, en parte por su lección moral y en parte como cantera para construir nuevos edificios. Se extrajo gran cantidad de mármol para construcciones papales (en el Vaticano principalmente) y para cocer en hornos creados en el mismo foro para hacer cal. Miguel Ángel expresó en muchas ocasiones su oposición a la destrucción de los restos. Artistas de finales del siglo XV dibujaron las ruinas del Foro, los anticuarios copiaron inscripciones desde el siglo XVI y se comenzó una excavación profesional a finales del siglo XVIII. Un cardenal tomó medidas para drenarlo de nuevo y construyó el barrio Alessadrine sobre él. No obstante, la excavación de Carlo Fea, quien empezó a retirar los escombros del Arco de Septimio Severo en 1803, y los arqueólogos del régimen napoleónico marcaron el comienzo de la limpieza del Foro, que no fue totalmente excavado hasta principios del siglo XX.
En su estado actual, se muestran juntos restos de varios siglos, debido a la práctica romana de construir sobre ruinas más antiguas.
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Forum
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The Roman Forum
The Roman Forum, also known by its Latin name Forum Romanum (Italian: Foro Romano), is a rectangular forum (plaza) surrounded by the ruins of several important ancient government buildings at the center of the city of Rome. Citizens of the ancient city referred to this space, originally a marketplace, as the Forum Magnum, or simply the Forum.
For centuries the Forum was the center of day-to-day life in Rome: the site of triumphal processions and elections; the venue for public speeches, criminal trials, and gladiatorial matches; and the nucleus of commercial affairs. Here statues and monuments commemorated the city's great men. The teeming heart of ancient Rome, it has been called the most celebrated meeting place in the world, and in all history.Located in the small valley between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills, the Forum today is a sprawling ruin of architectural fragments and intermittent archaeological excavations attracting 4.5 million or more sightseers yearly.
Many of the oldest and most important structures of the ancient city were located on or near the Forum. The Roman Kingdom's earliest shrines and temples were located on the southeastern edge. These included the ancient former royal residence, the Regia (8th century BC), and the Temple of Vesta (7th century BC), as well as the surrounding complex of the Vestal Virgins, all of which were rebuilt after the rise of imperial Rome.
Other archaic shrines to the northwest, such as the Umbilicus Urbis and the Vulcanal (Shrine of Vulcan), developed into the Republic's formal Comitium (assembly area). This is where the Senate—as well as Republican government itself—began. The Senate House, government offices, tribunals, temples, memorials and statues gradually cluttered the area.
Over time the archaic Comitium was replaced by the larger adjacent Forum and the focus of judicial activity moved to the new Basilica Aemilia (179 BC). Some 130 years later, Julius Caesar built the Basilica Julia, along with the new Curia Julia, refocusing both the judicial offices and the Senate itself. This new Forum, in what proved to be its final form, then served as a revitalized city square where the people of Rome could gather for commercial, political, judicial and religious pursuits in ever greater numbers.
Eventually much economic and judicial business would transfer away from the Forum Romanum to the larger and more extravagant structures (Trajan's Forum and the Basilica Ulpia) to the north. The reign of Constantine the Great saw the construction of the last major expansion of the Forum complex—the Basilica of Maxentius (312 AD). This returned the political center to the Forum until the fall of the Western Roman Empire almost two centuries later.
“The magic of autumn has seized the countryside; now that the sun isn't ripening anything it shines for the sake of the golden age; for the sake of Eden..."
― Elizabeth Coatsworth
Mohawk Trail - Deerfield River Countryside, Charlemont, MA
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Wild Girls Store-W.G STORE - Dress Trinitty-DEMO IS AVAILABLE IN THE WORLD] ♥ W.G Store Dress Trinitty HUD 22 Texture Colors Solid All Modify Maitreya Legacy Slink Hourglass Belleza Freya – Isis
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View form Trail Ridge Road (highest continuous paved road in the US reaching elevation of 12,183 feet), Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Driving on this road is little nerve wrecking, but in the end rewarded by breathtaking scenery. Changing elevation takes you from tree lines to alpine tundra which has very fragile ecosystem. Weather up top is ever changing and highly unpredictable.
The waters of Moraine Lake seem like they have been poured straight from the heavens into the Valley of the Ten Peaks. The towering mountains encircle the deep blue surface of the lake in a formation so extraordinary, only Mother Nature could shape it.
Piles of boulders have been seemingly dropped by the hands of giants, forming miniature mountains near the lakeshore. Let yourself be drawn to the trails that wind amongst the rocks and travel beyond to alpine meadows and sparkling lakes.
Triassic sandstone forms at Lagoon Beach, Tasman Peninsular
Nikkon D700, Nikkor 17-35mm @ !7mm
1.0s @ f 11, ISO 100
Singh Ray 3 stop reverse GND, 5 stop soft GND
Distorted reflections of overhanging tree branches in a slow-flowing stream.
720nm IR-converted Olympus EM1 + Carl Zeiss Jena DDR 135mm, M42.
Here's the same Buckeye - fresh with beautiful colors, at the wetlands, 2 days ago. North Georgia
WEATHER: first time Atlanta hit 90o in October since 1954! More 90o ahead ...
Ein wunderschönes Treppenhaus, hell von den Seiten der Treppe an Bändern eine undefinierbares braunes "Kunstwerk"...
Für die ich dieses Treppe so gerne fotografiert hätte ......
20181009_7023r
Female Eastern Tiger Swallowtail - dark form - on butterfly bush. Morgan County, Alabama - July 23, 2022
Panoramica compuesta por tres tomas
El Lago del Valle es el de mayor extensión de la Cordillera Cantábrica y está emplazado en un antiguo circo glaciar, con paredes subverticales y en el frente se puede observar depósitos irregulares, angulosos y de muy diferente tamaño (morrenas). Tiene forma de herradura, con una pequeña isla en el centro. Su perímetro es de unos 2.000 m, con 45 m. de calado máximo, fue recrecido artificialmente para su aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico. El valle tiene forma de U y a lo largo de él se pueden contemplar grandes bloques irregulares y estriados que fueron transportados por el antiguo glaciar, sobre algunos se observan arboles, que dan al paisaje un tono pintoresco. Se han catalogado más de 200 especies de fauna como el lobo, águila real, oso pardo, urogallo....En las zonas altas hay casas con techo de escoba (teitos) que han estado siempre ligadas a la vida trashumante y ganadera de los vaqueiros de alzada
einer Form, ohne das in den unsichtbaren Teilen derselben sich eine neue Form zu bilden anfange, die mit der Zeit sich den Sinnen offenbart. Jeder Untergang ziehlt auf eine Entstehung, jeder Tod bahnt den Weg zu einem neuen Leben.
Moses Mendelssohn
In this photo,
you can find where the milkweed seedpods form,
and you can see remnants of where they bloomed.
Please see this in context with the other milkweed photos:
www.flickr.com/photos/wbhmatthies/albums/72157710414616907
Thanks for your views, comments and likes!
Wilhelm Matthies
lesclairsdelunederoxaane.blogspot.com/2020/12/jeux-de-for...
Fashion Style| Ghostyss╰☆╮Cynthia╰☆╮
Tattoo Style| Juna Artistic Tattoo @ eBENTO╰☆╮Giorgia tattoo╰☆╮
Poses| [West end]╰☆╮Double take II╰☆╮
Hair Style| TRUTH╰☆╮Brazen╰☆╮
Photographer : Roxaane Fyanucci - Les clairs de lune de Roxaane
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Created for Kreative People TT239 challenge.
Entered to Explore Worthy, Challenge 122 - Your 2020 Favorite.
(Winner - 1st pl)
Source images 1 Here and 2 Here with thanks, from abstractartangel77.
Other images, my own. Purchased.
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The fire lily bears large, bright orange-red flowers that create a firework display in the garden. Therefore, it's not surprising that it is a highly sought-after garden plant.
But this well-known lily is unfortunately rarely offered because propagation is relatively time-consuming. The brood buds that form in the leaf axils only develop into flowering bulbs after several years.
Ha, and I have it in my garden! 😀
The fire lily grows wild in the foothills of the Alps and from South Tyrol to the Pyrenees.
Lilium bulbiferum is classified as endangered on the German Red List. It is therefore of particular ecological value.
Feuerlilie (Lilium bulbiferum)
Die Feuerlilie trägt große, leuchtend orange-rote Blüten, die ein Feuerwerk im Garten entfachen. Deshalb ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass sie als Gartenpflanze sehr begehrt ist.
Aber diese altbekannte Lilie wird leider nur äußerst selten angeboten, da sich ihre Vermehrung als relativ langwierig gestaltet. Denn die sich in den Blattachseln bildenden Brutknospen wachsen erst nach einigen Jahren zu blühfähigen Zwiebeln heran.
Ha, und ich habe sie im Garten! 😀
Die Feuerlilie kommt als Wildpflanze in den Voralpen und von Südtirol bis zu den Pyrenäen vor.
Lilium bulbiferum ist auf der Roten Liste für Deutschland als gefährdet eingestuft. Sie ist deshalb ökologisch besonders wertvoll.
...form of spyware ..
Much before the spy camera's and the CCTV's , our grandparents and great grandparents (and probably their great grandparents too) relied on looking through the keyhole (and of course other openings too) to keep a watch on the neighbourhood.
#MacroMondays - Mon -Nov 16 2020 - Theme - #Keyhole
The pillar seen through the keyhole is the pillar of the house opposite and is about 40-50 feet away from the phone camera. Along with the house , my photo too rests on this pillar to say the least ;-)
The lock here is a an old twin lock system typically used for main doors.
Editing - Healing and Desaturation (in Snapseed) , Vignette and shadow adjustments in Picasa.
HMM
15/365
#ShotOniPhone, #iPhone
Veröffentlicht mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Eden Projects.
Das Eden Project entstand nach einer Idee des englischen Archäologen und Gartenliebhabers Tim Smit in einer stillgelegten Kaolingrube nahe St Austell. Von der Idee im Jahr 1995 bis zur Eröffnung der Anlage am 17. März 2001 dauerte es sechs Jahre. Charakterisiert wird der Garten durch die zwei riesigen Gewächshäuser, die aus jeweils vier miteinander verschnittenen geodätischen Kuppeln in der Bauweise von Richard Buckminster Fuller bestehen. Hier werden verschiedene Vegetationszonen simuliert. Die Gewächshäuser des Eden Projects sind derzeit die größten der Welt.
Die Entwürfe für die geodätischen Kuppeln stammen vom britischen Architekturbüro Nicholas Grimshaw, die Tragwerksplanung von Anthony Hunt, ihre Ausführung erfolgte durch die Würzburger Firma Mero. Gedeckt sind die mehrfach miteinander verschnittenen Kuppeln mit doppelwandigen Kissen aus ETFE, einem besonders leichten, transparenten Kunststoff. Die Folienkissen wurden in eine Konstruktion aus standardisierten, sechs- und fünfeckigen Stahlrohrrahmenelementen (Raumfachwerk) eingepasst. Die Raumfachwerkkonstruktionen überdecken stützenfrei eine Fläche von insgesamt 23.000 m² (Oberfläche etwa 30.000 m²) und haben eine Höhe von bis zu 50 m bei einem Durchmesser von bis zu 125 m.
Quelle: Wikipedia.de
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The project was conceived by Tim Smit and designed by architect Nicholas Grimshaw and engineering firm Anthony Hunt and Associates (now part of Sinclair Knight Merz). Davis Langdon carried out the project management, Sir Robert McAlpine and Alfred McAlpine[4] did the construction, MERO designed and built the biomes, and Arup was the services engineer, economic consultant, environmental engineer and transportation engineer. Land use consultants led the masterplan and landscape design. The project took 2½ years to construct and opened to the public on 17 March 2001.
The Tropical Biome, covers 1.56 ha (3.9 acres) and measures 55 m (180 ft) high, 100 m (328 ft) wide, and 200 m (656 ft) long. It is used for tropical plants, such as fruiting banana plants, coffee, rubber and giant bamboo, and is kept at a tropical temperature and moisture level.
The Tropical Biome
The Mediterranean Biome covers 0.654 ha (1.6 acres) and measures 35 m (115 ft) high, 65 m (213 ft) wide, and 135 m (443 ft) long. It houses familiar warm temperate and arid plants such as olives and grape vines and various sculptures.
The Outdoor Gardens represent the temperate regions of the world with plants such as tea, lavender, hops, hemp and sunflowers, as well as local plant species.
The covered biomes are constructed from a tubular steel (hex-tri-hex) with mostly hexagonal external cladding panels made from the thermoplastic ETFE. Glass was avoided due to its weight and potential dangers. The cladding panels themselves are created from several layers of thin UV-transparent ETFE film, which are sealed around their perimeter and inflated to create a large cushion. The resulting cushion acts as a thermal blanket to the structure. The ETFE material is resistant to most stains, which simply wash off in the rain. If required, cleaning can be performed by abseilers. Although the ETFE is susceptible to punctures, these can be easily fixed with ETFE tape. The structure is completely self-supporting, with no internal supports, and takes the form of a geodesic structure. The panels vary in size up to 9 m (29.5 ft) across, with the largest at the top of the structure.
The ETFE technology was supplied and installed by the firm Vector Foiltec, which is also responsible for ongoing maintenance of the cladding. The steel spaceframe and cladding package (with Vector Foiltec as ETFE subcontractor) was designed, supplied and installed by MERO (UK) PLC, who also jointly developed the overall scheme geometry with the architect, Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners.
The entire build project was managed by McAlpine Joint Venture.
source: www.//en.wikipedia.org/
Veröffentlicht mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Eden Projects.