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170270 forming the 1146 Lowestoft-Norwich service, passes Reedham Junction signal box a Great Eastern Railway type 7 design dating from 1904 which closed on the 01-04-2019 when control passed to Reedham Swing Bridge. This was not the intended plan which was to pass control to Colchester but installation problems prevented this. Photographed on Sunday 13-03-2016.
-Title: form it
-Theme: Portrait/Still Life
-The elements of art I can see in this photo are form, this is because the person I took a photo of is a 3-dimensional object that takes up the space in my photo. I can also see value because the picture is a very dark black and a very bright white. The principles of design I can see are contrast because the photo has lights to darks for black and white.
- Editing choices I made for this photo were turning it a black and white, and dodging and burning. The dodging and burning helped this photo to get richer black and brighter whites, giving the photo depth.
-Camera Settings:
F Stop: 5.6
ISO: 400
Shutter Speed: 1/100
-I chose this photo because I liked the format of it. The b&w gave the photo depth and emotion was captured.
Natalie's Custom Dress Form Mannequin Order (2)
I can be found at thewhiterabbitstudio.etsy.com
Thank you for looking.
Smiles-
Kimberly
More Photos from Urban Art Forms 2013 under branz.tv/urbanartf
Foto: Ferdinand Franz
All rights reserved
River valleys form a V and glaciated valleys are U shaped. The way my pea brain remembers is that river has the letter “V”.leys are formed by glaciers. Note river has the letter “V”.
This tidbit along with a plethora of the park’s natural history was bestowed upon us by our guides Eva and Jordan and Gabby and Joe.
Guides aside, the trails into and around Sperry and Granite chalets have incredible 360 views of glaciers, lakes, wildflowers and wildlife.
Highlights were the wildflowers, bear and bighorn sheep sightings and ascents to glaciers and descents to lakes.
During our 6 day adventure we covered more than 50 miles and engaged with people from DC, California, New York, Washington and Oregon.
If you like hiking in the wilderness this park has your name on it!
Por meio da Educação, o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) reforça a luta por um novo projeto de agricultura, que respeite a natureza e todas as formas de vida. Esse objetivo se fortalece com a formatura de 44 jovens camponeses, oriundos de dez estados, no Curso Superior de Agronomia com Ênfase em Agroecologia. A colação de grau dos trabalhadores Sem Terra e Atingidos por Barragens foi realizada na noite do último sábado (15) no Assentamento Novo Sarandi, em Sarandi, no Norte do Rio Grande do Sul.
As aulas de Bacharelado em Agronomia acontecem desde 2014 no Instituto Educar, uma escola de ensino superior e técnico construída pelo MST na antiga Fazenda Annoni, em Pontão, também na região Norte gaúcha. Essa é a primeira turma de engenheiros agrônomos formada na instituição. A segunda conclui seus estudos em 2020 e a terceira deve ingressar em fevereiro de 2019. O curso, que possui cinco anos de duração e ocorre em regime de alternância, é viabilizado através do Programa Nacional de Educação na Reforma Agrária (Pronera), em parceria com a Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS) – Campus Erechim.
Colação de grau
O ato de colação de grau lembrou o papel histórico das mulheres camponesas na descoberta e no desenvolvimento da agricultura, por meio do cultivo e da preservação de sementes crioulas. Também criticou a ofensiva do modelo capitalista de produção, que destrói a natureza com o uso abusivo de insumos químicos, agrotóxicos e sementes transgênicas. O novo projeto de agricultura, defendido pelo MST para o campo brasileiro, foi representado pelos 44 jovens formandos, que simbolizaram o sonho de milhares de famílias Sem Terra de transformar a sociedade com a agroecologia.
Nesse sentido, a assentada Irene Manfio ressaltou que esse novo projeto deve incluir “as famílias camponesas como sujeitos de uma transformação histórica no campo e na cidade” e ser capaz de produzir alimentos saudáveis e de interpretar a natureza como aliada e não como inimiga. “Queremos relações mais humanas e não de interesses econômicos. Assim, se faz necessário formar agrônomos militantes que construam junto com o campesinato a agroecologia”, disse.
O juramento dos formandos complementou o tom das declarações de Irene. Eles se comprometeram a trabalhar pelo bem da humanidade, a respeitar a natureza e os saberes camponeses, a buscar a sustentabilidade ambiental, uma agricultura socialmente justa, economicamente viável e ecologicamente sustentável, além de compartilhar seus conhecimentos, honrar o legado de luta herdado de seus pais e educadores e sempre seguir, na execução das atividades de Agronomia, os princípios da agroecologia.
Desafios e superações
Os oradores Tatiana Lopes e Lucas da Silva, representando todos os integrantes da turma, compartilharam com os participantes da formatura os momentos mais marcantes durante os cinco anos de curso. Lembraram que a ocupação do espaço universitário ainda é um privilégio no país e uma barreira colocada principalmente aos filhos de camponeses, historicamente privados do direito de estudar. Diante dessa realidade, destacaram a luta do MST desde 2012 para tornar possível o Curso Superior de Agronomia com Ênfase em Agroecologia no Instituto Educar. “O processo inicial não foi fácil. Houve intensas negociações com representantes da universidade, apresentando o projeto, os objetivos do curso, a importância da formação para a juventude camponesa e do desenvolvimento da produção agroecológica nos assentamento de Reforma Agrária”, resgataram.
Segundo os recém-formados, lutas em torno de objetivos coletivos se fizeram necessárias para garantir a continuidade dos seus estudos, em função do desmonte do Pronera após o golpe político, midiático e parlamentar de 2016. Recordaram a maturidade que tiveram para enfrentar aquele momento, com a decisão de destinar recursos que estavam sendo guardados à formatura para apoiar financeiramente o Instituto Educar, garantir a infraestrutura básica e impedir a paralisação das aulas.
Para a turma, que recebeu o nome de Ênio Guterres — em homenagem e memória ao engenheiro agrônomo e militante da agroecologia falecido em 2005 —, a elaboração teórica e a pesquisa acadêmica também foram grandes desafios, pois vinham acompanhadas da tarefa de estudar e pesquisar costumes, técnicas, culturas e problemáticas que envolveriam a base Sem Terra. No entanto, os jovens se destacaram pela qualidade dos trabalhos de conclusão de curso e o resultado das avaliações, feitas por doutores — as notas mais baixas foram oito, 15 jovens receberam nota 10 e 15 já estão publicando artigos.
Além disso, o único trabalho brasileiro premiado na Conferência Internacional sobre Agricultura e Alimentação em uma Sociedade Urbanizada, evento que envolveu este ano mais de 400 elaborações de acadêmicos, mestres e doutores de 32 países em Porto Alegre, é de autoria da primeira turma de Agronomia do Instituto Educar. Conforme a educadora Salete Campigotto, os recém-formados possuem alta qualidade e contribuirão com o desenvolvimento sustentável dos assentamentos da Reforma Agrária. “Muitos já estão inseridos em cooperativas e no Setor de Produção do MST em várias regiões do Brasil, e alguns jovens ajudarão camponeses a aplicarem a agroecologia na Venezuela e no Haiti”, contou.
Motivos de orgulho
O engenheiro agrônomo Adalberto Martins foi escolhido para ser paraninfo da turma Ênio Guterres, juntamente com a educadora Salete Campigotto. Durante o ato de colação de grau, eles demonstraram o orgulho que sentem pela formação dos pioneiros em Agronomia do Instituto Educar e elogiaram a trajetória trilhada pelos 44 formandos durante as etapas do curso. “Vocês amadureceram e se transformaram. Se tornaram seres humanos melhores e comprometidos com os camponeses e as mudanças necessárias ao país. Essa turma nos orgulha, porque é a maior formada pela UFFS no Campus de Erechim, porque alguns de vocês nós vimos crianças, vimos seus pais em acampamentos e em assentamentos se sacrificando para organizar o MST. Sem vocês aqui hoje, isso tudo não faria sentido. Agora é a hora de nos responsabilizarmos, de darmos sequência a essa dedicação pela causa popular”, apontou Martins.
Já Mário Lill, coordenador geral do Instituto Educar, agradeceu a todos que, de uma forma ou outra, contribuíram para que o curso se tornasse realidade. Ele destacou que a instituição é resultado da luta do MST, que traz como frutos a Reforma Agrária, a reorganização da produção, a socialização do conhecimento e condições melhores de vida. “O Educar fez tudo o que pôde para que os formandos saíssem daqui os mais humanos possíveis e com o máximo de conhecimento para transformar a produção em nossos assentamentos”, finalizou.
Texto: Catiana de Medeiros
Fotos: Maiara Rauber
Documenting traditional folk art forms and tourism plays a positive role in sustaining these. Brings in sustained livelihood options as well.
This is a photo for FORM, I took this photo from it's level. I like the tight cropping, I dislike the composition.
Tiny Housing BouwEXPO Almere NL - presentation of the houses that were realized by 30 september 2017 - 3 ready, 3 in progress, 6 in planning.
245 entries were submitted for the competition ‘Living Free. Your Tiny House Almere’ The 25 finalists were announced on 6 July 2016.
A Tiny House is an affordable and compact home that generally has a living area of less than 50m2. Almere wants to promote this new form of innovative, affordable and sustainable building through the Tiny Housing BouwEXPO.
Almere wants to explore the demand and possibilities for this type of housing - small households living in compact and affordable houses - at a BouwEXPO . The city government has been organizing a competition of ideas, and has invited everyone to come up with proposals.
The 25 winning proposals can be built at three different competition sites along the Homeruspark in Almere Poort. They will form the centrepiece of BouwEXPO 2016-2017, where everyone can come to see these Tiny Houses for themselves. Some houses will have already been completed during the EXPO, while others might still be under construction.
The BouwEXPO exhibition area will enable visitors to see and experience the construction process for themselves.
The Pashupatinath Temple (Nepali: पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Pashupati, a form of Shiva. It is located in Kathmandu, Nepal near the Bagmati River. The temple was classified as a World Heritage Site in 1979. This "extensive Hindu temple precinct" is a "sprawling collection of temples, ashrams, images and inscriptions raised over the centuries along the banks of the sacred Bagmati river", and is one of seven monument groups in UNESCO's designation of Kathmandu Valley. The temple, considered one of the holiest pilgrimage sites for Hindus, is built on an area of 246 hectares (2,460,000 m2) and includes 518 mini-temples and a main pagoda house.
Pashupatinath temple is given a status of one of the most sacred Shiva Kshetras (abodes of Shiva) in Skanda Purana, and is also one of the Paadal Petra Sthalams (Tamil Tevara Sthalam) of Tevaram. The temple is considered to be the other half of Kedarnath Temple, both complementary to each other. The main temple priests are, as a tradition, Vedic Dravida Brahmin scholars from Karnataka educated by Śrī Śaṅkarāćārya Dakṣiṇāmnāya Pīṭha, Sringeri.
HISTORY
Pashupatinath Temple is the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu. The temple is considered to be pre-Vedic in its origin and according to Nepal Mahatmaya and Himvatkhanda of Skanda Purana, the deity here gained great fame as Pashupati. Pashupatinath Temple's existence is recorded as early as 400 CE. The ornamented pagoda houses the linga of Shiva. There are many legends describing how the temple of Aalok Pashupatinath came into existence here.
One legend says that Shiva and Parvati took the form of antelopes in the forest on the Bagmati river's east bank. The gods later caught up with him and grabbed him by one of his horns, forcing him to resume his divine form. The broken horn was worshipped as a linga, but over time it was buried and lost. Centuries later a herdsman found one of his cows showering the earth with milk, and after digging at the site, he discovered the divine linga of Pashupatinath.
According to Gopalraj Aalok Vhat, the temple was built by Prachanda Deva, a Licchavi king. Another chronicle states that Pashupatinath Temple was in the form of Linga shaped Devalaya before Supuspa Deva constructed a five-storey temple of Pashupatinath in this place. As time passed, the temple needed to be repaired and renovated. It is known that this temple was reconstructed by a medieval king named Shivadeva (1099–1126 CE). It was renovated by Ananta Malla adding a roof to it. Further temples have been erected around the two-storied temple, including the Vaishnava temple complex with a Rama temple from the 14th century and the Guhyeshwari Temple mentioned in an 11th-century manuscript, overtime. The current form of the temple was renovated in 1692 CE after the previous structures were affected by termites and earthquakes.
The main temple complex of Pashupatinath and the sanctum sanctorum was left untouched, but some of the outer buildings in the complex were damaged by the April 2015 Nepal earthquake.
ARCHITECTURE
This main temple is built in Newari architecture. The two-level roofs are of copper with gold covering. The temple rests on a square base platform with a height of 23m 7 cm from base to pinnacle. It has four main doors, all covered with silver sheets. This temple has a gold pinnacle (peak). Inside are two garbhagrihas: the inner garbhagriha or sanctum sanctorum is where the idol is placed, and the outer sanctum is an open corridor-like space.
DEITY
The sacro sanctum, or the main idol, is a stone Mukhalinga with a silver yoni base bound with a silver serpent. It is one metre high and has faces in four directions, which represent various aspects of Shiva; Sadyojata (also known as Barun), Vamadeva (also known as Ardhanareshwara), Tatpurusha, Aghora, and Ishana (imaginative).[16] Each face has tiny protruding hands holding rudraksha mala in the right hand and a kamandalu in the other. Unlike other Shiva lingams in India and Nepal, this lingam is always dressed in its golden vastram except during abhisheka, so pouring milk and Ganga Jal is only possible during the ritual through the main priests.
PRIESTS
Only four priests can touch the idol. Daily rituals of Pashupatinath are carried out by two groups of priests: the Bhatta and the Rajbhandari. Bhatta perform the daily ritual and can touch the lingam, whereas Rajbhandaris are helpers and temple caretakers who are not qualified to perform puja rituals or to touch the deity.
BHATTA
Bhatta are highly educated Vedic Karnataka Brahmin scholars from Karnataka. Unlike other Hindu temples, the priesthood of Pashupatinath is not hereditary. Priests are selected from a group of scholars. The chosen priest is sent to Kathmandu to perform puja and daily worship of Pashupatinath.
The current Bhatta priests of the temple are:
Ganesha Bhatta (15th head priest of the Pashupatinath Temple aka Mool Bhat) from Udupi.
Girisha Bhatta from Sirsi.
Narayana Bhatta from Bhatkal.
B.S Binaya Adiga-Bhatta
The current Bhatta priest of the Vasukinath Naag temple of Pashupatinath
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA
RAJBHANDARIS
The Rajbhandaris are the treasurers, temple caretakers, and assistant priests of the temple. They are the descendants of helper priests brought up by early Bhatts, but were allowed to settle in Kathmandu valley and later assimilated into the existing Newar caste system of Rajbhandari – a high-caste Chathariya/Kshatriya clan of Kashyapa gotra. Their main task is to help the Bhatt priests and perform maintenance of the inner garbhagriha. They can have little or no Vedic knowledge but still qualify as assistant priests if they belong from the same family lineage and undergo some basic criteria like caste, gotra, lineage purity, and educational qualification. They work in a set of three and switch every full moon day. There are a total of 108 Rajbhandaris.
ENTRY
The temple courtyard has four entrances in the cardinal directions. The western entrance is the main entrance to the temple courtyard and the remaining three entrances are open only during festivals. The temple security (Armed Police Force Nepal) and the Pashupatinath area development trust are selective regarding who is allowed entry into the inner courtyard. Only practising Hindus of South Asian diaspora and Buddhists of Nepali and Tibetan diaspora are allowed into the temple courtyard. Practising Hindus of Western descent are not allowed into the temple complex and must go no further than other non-Hindu visitors. An exception is granted to Sikhs and Jains of Indian ancestry who may enter the temple complex. Others can look at the main temple from the adjacent side of the river and pay $10 (1,000 Nepali rupees) to visit the small temples located in the external premises of the temple complex.
The inner temple courtyard remains open from 04:00 to 19:00 for the devotees, but the inner Pashupatinath Temple is open from 05:00 to 12:00, for the morning ritual and viewing and from 17:00 to 19:00 for the evening ritual. Unlike many other Shiva temples, devotees are not allowed to enter the inner garbhagriha, but are allowed to watch from the exterior premises of the outer garbhagriha. The temple closing times change depending upon the season: in November, it closes at 18:30. In summers, it closes at 20:00.
ABHISHEKA
Main article: Abhisheka
The inner sanctum where the lingam is placed has four entrances: east, west, north, south. From 09:30 to 13:30, devotees can worship from all four doors. All four doors are also opened during abhisheka from 09:00 to 11:00. Abhisheka is done based on the direction the mukh is viewed.
FESTIVALS
There are many festivals throughout the year, such as the Maha Shivaratri and the Teej festival. Teej is one of the most celebrated festival at Pashupatinath Temple.
BUDDHIST PILGRIMAGE
Buddhists consider the temple complex as sacred, and is associated with numerous mahasiddhas such as Matsyendranath, Gorakhnath, Padmasambhava, Naropa and Tilopa. The temple area is believed to be the place where Gorakhnath opened up the practices of haṭha yoga to people from all walks of life. In Vajrayana Buddhism, the cremation zone of the temple complex falls under 'Lhundrup Tsek' or 'Spontaneous Mound charnel ground' and is revered among the eight great charnel grounds where Padmasambhava meditated and gained spiritual accomplishments. The two caves situated to the north of the cremation zone along the river banks are worshipped as the meditation caves of mahasiddhas Tilopa and his disciple Naropa. The caves are considered sacred as the site where Naropa received direct teachings from his master Tilopa and had the vision of Vajrayogini. Naropa was also the main teacher of Marpa, the founder of Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism who brought Vajrayana teachings to Tibet. Marpa, in turn, was the master of Milarepa, one of Tibet's most famous yogi.
CONTROVERSY
In January 2009, after the forced resignation by the chief priest of Pashupatinath temple, the Maoist-led government of Nepal "hand picked" Nepalese priests of Khas-Gorkhali ethnicity to lead the temple, bypassing the temple's long-standing requirements. This appointment was contested by the Rajbhandaris (temple caretakers) of the temple, stating that they were not against the appointment of Nepalese priests but against the appointment without proper procedure. After the appointment was challenged in a civil court, the appointment was overruled by the Supreme Court of Nepal, but the government ignored the ruling and stood by its decision, which led to public outrage and protests over a lack of transparency. A clash between the youth wing of the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and the protesting temple staff caused over a dozen injuries when some 100 Maoist cadres attacked the temple caretakers, though the maoists denied the attack. Lawmakers and activists from opposition parties joined protests, declaring their support for the Bhatt and other pro-Bhatt protesters. After long dissatisfaction and protest by Hindus both in and outside Nepal, the government was forced to reverse its decision and reinstate Bhatta priests
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