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Malana is an ancient village to the north-east of Kullu Valley. This solitary village in the Malana Nala, a side valley of the Parvati Valley, is isolated from the rest of the world. The majestic peaks of Chandrakhani and Deotibba shadow the village. It is situated on a remote plateau by the side of torrential Malana river at a height of 3029 m above the sea level. Unaffected by the modern civilisation, Malana has its own lifestyle and social structure. People are strict in following their customs. Malana has been the subject of various documentaries including, Malana: Globalization of a Himalayan Village,[1] and Malana, A Lost Identity.[2] The existing speakers of the autochthonus language Kanashi, the traditional language of the inhabitants of Malana are approximately 1700. According to the 1961 census, language speakers were 563. Today the population of Malana is at least three times as large as 40 years ago.[3]
History
Malana has a history and it goes back to Jamlu rishi (sage) who inhabited this place and made rules and regulations. It is one of the oldest democracies of the world with a well organized parliamentary system. All of this is guided by the their devta (deity) Jamlu rishi.[4] Although Jamlu is currently identified with a sage from the Puranas, this is a relatively recent development. Jamlu is believed to have been worshipped in pre-Aryan times. Penelope Chetwood recounts a tale about an orthodox Brahmin priest, who visited Malana, and tried to educate the locals about the pedigree of their god, and what subsequently befell the hapless priest.[5]
Malana is considered to be one of the first democracies in the world. According to tradition, the residents of Malana are the descendant of Aryans, and they acquired their independence during the Mughal reign when the Emperor Akbar walked to the village in order to cure an ailment that he was afflicted with; after having been successfully cured he put out an edict stating that all the inhabitants of the valley would never be required to pay tax. An alternative tradition suggests that Malana was founded by remnants of Alexander the Great's Army.
A dam project, the Malana Hydro Power Station, has brought Malana much closer to the rest of the world and provides revenue for the region. A new road has shortened the walking time from several days to just 4 hours.
Culture and lifestyle
The village administration is democratic and is believed[by whom?] to be the oldest republic of the world.[9]
The social structure of Malana in fact rests on villagers' unshaked faith in their powerful deity, Jamblu Devta. The entire administration of the village is controlled by him through a village council. This council has eleven members and they are believed as delegates of Jamblu who govern the village in his name. His decision is ultimate in any dispute and any outsider authority is never required. It is although a real fact that Malanis through this council perform a political system of direct democracy very similar to that of ancient Greece. Thus Malana has been named the Athens of Himalayas[10]
Malanis (the inhabitants of Malana) admire their culture, customs and religious beliefs. They generally do not like to change though some traces of modernization are visible.
People in Malana consider all non-Malani to be inferior and consequently untouchable. Visitors to Malana town must pay particular attention to stick to the prescribed paths and not to touch any of the walls, houses or people there. If this does occur, visitors are expected to pay a forfeit sum, that will cover the sacrificial slaughter of a lamb in order purify the object that has been made impure. Malani people may touch impure people or houses as long as they follow the prescribed purification ritual before they enter their house or before they eat. Malanis may never accept food cooked by a non-Malani person, unless they are out of the valley (in which case their Devt can't see them). Malanis may offer visitors food but all utensils will have to undergo a strict purification ritual before they can be used again.
Despite of being a part of the Kullu valley, the Malanis have very distinct physical features, and a dialect which is different from the rest of the valley. There are various legends about their origin. According to one of them, it is believed that they are the descendants of Greek soldiers of Alexander's army. As the legend goes, some soldiers took refuge in this remote land after Alexander left the country and later settled there permanently. This myth is however disputed because there are those who claim that it is the valley of Kalash, in Pakistan that is actually the area in which Alexander the Great's soldiers took refuge. This legend is also inconsistent with the legendary descent of the local people from Indo-Aryans who would predate Alexander the Great's soldiers by approximately a thousand years. Recent genetic typing of the Malani population is more consistent with an Indo-Aryan origin with a large proportion of Y-DNA haplotypes J2 and R1a associated with Indo-Aryan influences in South Asia than with a Greek origin which would have a different characteristic mix of Y-DNA haplotypes.[11]
Malana was also once famous for producing some of the best quality hashish (Cannabis resin) in the world, known as "Malana Cream", which sells for 1,200-1,800 rupees per tola (= 10 grams).
Copyright 2011 © sundeepkullu.com All rights reserved.
The Stock samples of SDBWP SunDeep Bhardwaj World Photography in flickr Photostream cannot be Copied,Distributed,Published or Used in any form,full or in part,or in any kind of media without prior permission from Sundeep Bhardwaj the owner of these images.Utilization in other websites,intenet media,pages,blogs etc without written consent is PROHIBITED.
The images are also available for licence through GETTY IMAGES or directly by contacting Sundeep Bhardwaj Kullu Himachal Around the World to more than 50+Countries & 200+Major Destinations across 6 Continents.
Sundeep Bhardwaj Kullu
sb@sundeepkullu.com
+91 9816499629
+974 55344547
These are reduced sized pictures.Orignal pictures shot in 5,616 × 3,744 (21.1 megapixels) using Canon EOS 5D Mark II FULL FRAME DSLR CAMERA or 3872 x 2592 (10.2 million effective pixels) using NIKON D60 DSLR or 4,288 × 2,848 (12.3 effective megapixels) USING NIKON D90 DSLR's.
All rights reserved.
copyright 2011 © sundeepkullu.com
Developer - phototube.co
Affiliation - himachalculturalvillage.com
Slide Shows | Full Screen Mode | Adobe Flash -
www.flickr.com/photos/wittysam/sets/72157624062638852/show/
WORLD IS MY STUDIO sundeepkullu.com
Source en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malana,_Himachal_Pradesh
The Stock samples of SDBWP SunDeep Bhardwaj World Photography in flickr Photostream cannot be Copied,Distributed,Published or Used in any form,full or in part,or in any kind of media without prior permission from Sundeep Bhardwaj the owner of these images.Utilization in other websites,intenet media,pages,blogs etc without written consent is PROHIBITED.
The images are also available for licence through GETTY IMAGES or directly by contacting Sundeep Bhardwaj Kullu Himachal Around the World to more than 50+Countries & 200+Major Destinations across 6 Continents.
Sundeep Bhardwaj Kullu
sb@sundeepkullu.com
+91 9816499629
+974 55344547
These are reduced sized pictures.Orignal pictures shot in 5,616 × 3,744 (21.1 megapixels) using Canon EOS 5D Mark II FULL FRAME DSLR CAMERA or 3872 x 2592 (10.2 million effective pixels) using NIKON D60 DSLR or 4,288 × 2,848 (12.3 effective megapixels) USING NIKON D90 DSLR's.
All rights reserved.
copyright 2011 © sundeepkullu.com
Developer - phototube.co
Affiliation - himachalculturalvillage.com
Slide Shows | Full Screen Mode | Adobe Flash -
www.flickr.com/photos/wittysam/sets/72157624062638852/show/
WORLD IS MY STUDIO sundeepkullu.com
Our good friend Alicia of Alicia Wines Photography with her trusty D700 and Nikkor 35mm f/1.4.
Follow me on Facebook, Google+, Tumblr, 500px, and on Instagram (sean_themighty)!
Event: Morris Minor Repairs - 07/09-05/10/24
Location: Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire
Camera: Pentax ME Super
Lens(s): 28mm f/2.8
Film: Ilford Delta 400
Shot ISO: 800 (+1 stop)
Light Meter: Camera
Lighting: Various
Mounting: Hand held
Firing: Shutter button
Developer: Ilford DD-X(1+4) for 10m 30s
Scanner: Epson V800
Post: Adobe Lightroom & Photoshop (dust removal)
So, my C41 chemicals were exhausted, haha.
Mamiya C330
Seiko 80mm f/2.8
Kodak Ektar 100
Jobo C41 Press Kit
Blurry photo taken at Sapo's Codebits 2011 in Lisbon.
The blurred action depicts hardworking developers during coding competition.
The omnipresent green is a Codebits' trademark.
This photo is licensed under a Creative Commons license. If you use this photo within the terms of the license or make special arrangements to use the photo, please list the photo credit as "Scott Beale / Laughing Squid" and link the credit to laughingsquid.com.
Using Blazanol 1-100. Quit using it when I was getting a lot of bromide drag. New bottle seems OK but still not a favorite developer but here wasn't a whole lot of choice for developers and I didn't want to experiment yet on this film.
2/4
Help - is this developer re-usable?
The instructions say you make a litre of stock.
This stock is then diluted in 3 parts water to develop film.
But the part i don't understand is the instructions say the litre of stock can develop no more than 3 films.
Does this mean I can re-use the stock three times?
I'm really lost on this one.
•TEPIC
992 hectares (2450 acres) on new hwy with distant ocean views. Ready for development. 4-5 km to beach. Only 65,000 pesos (appros $7150 U.S.)per hectare.(2.47 acres in a hectare)
It's always important to start a review of a film right, which often means sourcing a dedicated developer. In the case of Foma Retropan 320 Soft, that is Foma Retro Special developer. And you know, it turned out okay! While you get a lot of visible grain, the contrast is on point and far better than previous attempts at this film.
You can read the full review online:
www.alexluyckx.com/blog/2023/12/11/film-review-blog-no-10...
Mamyia m645 - Mamiya-Sekor C 35mm 1:3.5 N (Yellow-12) - Foma Retropan 320 Soft @ ASA-320
Foma Retro Special Developer (Stock) 5:00 @ 20C
Meter: Gossen Lunasix F
Scanner: Epson V700 + Silverfast 9 SE
Editor: Adobe Photoshop CC
Hasselblad Planar 80mm, SFX (715) eco film developer
a somewhat different use of lith, soft and warm and fine grained
I call this treatment "hidden lith"
moderately overexposed Fomatone 132with hard grade (magenta) filter
two tray
Easy Lith 1+10 8 mins (until the shades are clearly visable, without considerable density of midtones and lights)
Catechol 1+100 3 mins for full tonal range and warm hue
This is part of a Creative Commons Retro Web Developer series.
Visit www.bumbleb2na.com/art/RetroWebDev to download and use high quality pixel and vector versions of this and others like it
Developers of winning apps pose during an App Quest 3.0. event sponsored by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, AT&T, Transit Wireless, and New York University’s Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), to announce winners in their global competition to solicit development of new mobile solutions designed to help improve commutes for millions of subway, bus and rail riders across the five boroughs. Photo: Metropolitan Transportation Authority / Patrick Cashin
Every software project involves aspects of risk. With respect to the nature from the project, these risks can differ, however they could possibly be grouped into five groups.
5 Kinds of software developer Risk
Budget Risk: the chance of projects groing through budget. Possibly the most typical risk in software development and frequently associated with other risks.
Personnel Risk: the chance of losing or lack of project team people. Even when for a while, this can lead to delays and errors.
Understanding Risk: when you will find understanding silos or even the change in details are poor. The entire process of relearning leads to additional labor, time, and sources.
Productivity Risk: this risk is typical in lengthy projects, specially when deadlines and goals are lengthy-term. This atmosphere creates deficiencies in immediacy which leads to deficiencies in emergency of labor.
Time Risk: product delays are-too-common in software developer often the outcomes of poor planning, impractical timelines, and also the lack of ability to adjust to altering product needs.
Managing These Risks in Agile Development
Startup Stock Photos
The agile methodology inherently addresses a number of these risks. That stated, they're still prevalent in lots of agile environments, frequently due to project team mistakes, planning errors, failures in process, and unpredicted changes as products evolve. Here we will address each software development risk and just how it may be were able to mitigate delays, mistakes, along with other barriers to shipping a effective product.
Risk - Budget
Solution - Moving Wave Planning
In product, you always make assumptions that can't be proven or disproven until more details opens up. As development progresses, objectives or goals may shift, or even the product might need to pivot to become viable.Moving wave planning is made to take into account this. Teams make product decisions when they're within the best position to ensure software developer are, instead of presenting very detailed plans at the outset of the work.