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Cherry Springs Star Party, June 2014. Quick shot off of a stationary tripod with a stock (not modified) A7r. The dew was very bad that night, and the lens dewed over after this shot. The skies are quite dark but transparency was mediocre for most of the time I was there :( The glowing green light on the lower left is the sky commander display on a computerized 20" dobsonian telescope from Teeters Telescopes! :)
Taking its title from the late American poet Richard Brautigan’s 1967 poem, “All watched over by machines of loving grace” is a short experimental film about our obsession, fetishization, and deification of technology. In our ongoing race to optimize and computerize, to move fast break things’ in devotion to our holy missions of growth’ and progress’, we often fail to see — let alone to foresee — the undesirable consequences of our misjudged narrow intelligence.
Photo: Taiwan Creative Content Fest
While riding Space Mountain, I kept hearing a computerized voice saying "Zone 13, rerouting. Zone 12, rerouting. Zone 11, etc..." Then we suddenly came to a stop at some trim breaks.
A few moments passed, the music stopped, then the lights came on. A few moments after that, a group of 5 team members came rushing up the steps and said "Hang on, you're about to do something most people don't get to do!" I assumed we were going to be walked off but they ended up pushing us down the track like it was a bobsled!
We were at nice gentle coast all the way to the loading area, where, they relocked our safety latches, and sent us off again.
The CNC (computerized numerical control) machine is a programmable tool that allows our skilled craftspeople to cut a wide variety of materials, including wood, aluminum, staron, and acrylic. These cuts can be made to tolerances of a few thousandths of an inch. Used as a router, this helps our team cut and mill a large variety of parts for both standard and custom designs.
Before computerization of the process in 1974, the Office
of Payroll Processing kept a card for each university
employee. Each tells a story. Edith Cockins, for instance,
was the first registrar and served for more than 45
years in that role. Like other employees, her card noted
changes in salary and benefits, her hire and retirement
dates, and other positions she held on campus. This card
shows that Cockins was born less than a month after
Ohio State opened.
A closeup of the keypad of an old Linotype machine. Prior to the advent of computerized typesetting, these machines were able to cast whole lines of type as a single lead slug, all done via a ponderous mechanical process. Note the ever-popular Etaoin Shrdlu, RIP. Taken at the Museum of Printing in North Andover, Mass.
U.S. Air Force Senior Master Sgt. Jeff Miller, of the 119th Force Support Squadron training office, provides instruction to Staff Sgt. Justin Lake as he begins computerized, professional military education testing at the North Dakota Air National Guard Base, Fargo, North Dakota, Jan. 14, 2014. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Senior Master Sgt. David H. Lipp/Released)
For more on the North Dakota National Guard, check out:
Website: www.ndguard.ngb.army.mil
Facebook: www.facebook.com/NDNationalGuard
YouTube: www.youtube.com/NDNationalGuard
Twitter: www.twitter.com/NDNationalGuard
Copyright information: www.ndguard.ngb.army.mil/news/pressroom/Pages/Copyright.aspx
This car was purchased in 1948 and ran in San Francisco until retirement in 1982. This car was stored in Pier 72 where it was damaged by arsonists. 1011 was the last of the four double-enders restored at Brookville, and eschewed the computerized door motors after operating experience proved they were unreliable. It returned to San Francisco after an extensive testing period at Brookville and underwent burn-in testing before re-entering service in 2014.
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With past AAS' becoming increasingly more like light aircraft carriers in function, the Yemaja-class goes back to the original goal of AAS': to transport and support an amphibious invasion. The normal air compliment is 12 MV-22Cs, 4 AH-10Ns and 2 MTIAs. Actually designed with a well-deck from the start, it can carry 2 LCACs and up to 30 FV-4 ACVs or 45 JLTVs along with its 2000 marine complement. Computerization of systems means a smaller crew which allows it to carry a larger landing force than its predecessors.
Prod. 1981-1999/2001
Sn. 2475515
Top of the line 1981.
X-700 brochure:
"The X-700 is Minolta's fully-programmed, micro-computerized Automatic Exposure 35mm SLR. It's a simple-to-operate Automatic Exposure camera, selecting both aperture and shutter speed in Programmed Automatic Exposure mode (P mode). So all you have to do is focus-and-shoot. The X-700 also offers Aperture-Priority Automatic Exposure control (A mode) and a full-metered manual exposure control (M mode), in addition to many other features that make photography more fun and enjoyable than ever before."
wikipedia:
T"he Minolta X-700 is a 35 mm single-lens reflex film camera introduced by Minolta in 1981. It was the top model of their final manual-focus SLR series before the introduction of the auto-focus Minolta Maxxum 7000.
The X-700 was awarded the European "Camera of the Year" award in 1981, and its competitive pricing resulted in its becoming the most successful Minolta camera since the SRT line."
kenrockwell.com:
"A testament to its lasting and good design, it was introduced in the early 1980s and was in continuous production until the beginning of 2001. I had a very new one with a serial number above 3,000,000, and I also bought an X-570 (it's brother) back in 1982."
From x-700 owners manual:
Elecronically governed 35mm single-reflex AE camera.
Exposure-control modes:
Fully programmed (P), aperture-priority automatic (A), and metered manual (M).
Exposure control and functions:
Low-voltage, low current computer circuit incorporating quartz crystal for sequential control to 1/30,000-sec. accuracy, large-scale ICs, samarium-cobalt impulse-release magnets, and linear-resistance inputs) varies both aperture and shutter speed steplessly according to special "faster-speed" program in P mode, or varies shutter speed steplessly according to aperture set in A mode, to yield proper exposure for the film speed and exposure adjustment set; auto-exposure range: EV 1 to EV 18 (e.g., 1 sec. at f/1.4 to 1/1000 at f/16) at ISO 100/21° with f/1.4 lens; AE-lock device holds meter reading for exposure at that value regardless of subject-brightness changes.
Shutter:
Horizontal-traverse focal-plane type; electronically controlled stepless speeds 1/1000 to 4 sec. set automatically with endlessly rotatable selector dial locked at "P" or "A" setting or fixed speeds 1 to 1/1000 sec. or "B" (bulb) set manually at detented dial indications; electromagnetic shutter release locks when voltage too low for proper operation.
Metering:
TTL center-weighted averaging type, by silicon photocell mounted at rear of pentaprism for available light, measured full aperture for normal finder display, then at taking aperture for programmed/automatic-exposure setting/determination or stop-down display; by another SPC mounted with optic in side of mirror compartment for TTL off-film Direct Autoflash Metering at taking aperture during exposure to control burst duration of PX-series flash units.
Film-speed range:
ISO 25/150 to 1600/330 set by ASA dial that locks at 1/3-EV increments.
Exposure-adjustment control:
Up to ±2 EV continuous adjustment of P, A, or M exposure by dial that locks at zero position and each 1/2-EV setting.
Mirror:
Triple-coated oversize instant-return slide-up type.
Viewfinder:
Eye-Level fixed pentaprism type showing 95% of 24x36mm film-frame area; magnification: 02X with 50mm standard lens focused at infinity; power: -1D, adjustable with accessory Snap-On eyepiece lenses; Fresnel-field focusing screen having artificially regular-patterned matte field plus central split-image horizontally oriented focusing aid surrounded by microprism band, interchangeable with Type P1, P2, Pd, M, G, L, S, or H screens at authorized Minolta service stations; visible around frame: mode indication (P, A, or M), shutter-speed scale (1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, and 1000) with LED setting indication, triangular over-/under-range LED indicators blinking at 4Hz, flash-ready signal (LED next to "60" blinking at 2Hz), FDC signal ("60" LED blinking at 8Hz for 1 sec. after correct flash exposure), mis-set lens warning (mode indication blinking at 4Hz in P mode, battery check (by glowing of any LED when operating button touched or pressed slightly), f-number set with MD or MC lenses, and exposure-adjustment engaged indication (LED blinking at 4Hz); display and metering activated by normal finger contact or slight pressing of operating button and continue for 15 sec., except go out after shutter release.
Flash Sync and Control:
Hot shoe and PC terminal for X sync; camera-control contact on hot shoe for flash ready signaling and automatic setting of shutter at 1/60 sec. (except when mode/shutter-speed selector set for sync at "B") with PX and X flash units; other electronic units synchronize at 1/60 sec. and slower manual speeds or "B" setting; Class MF, M, and FP flashbulbs, at 1/15 sec. or slower settings; second contact on hot shoe for burst control by Direct Autoflash Metering with PX units.
Power:
Two 1.5v alkaline-manganese (LR44: Eveready A-76 or equiv.), two 1.55v silver-oxide (SR-44: Eveready S-76, EPX-76, or equiv.), or one 3v lithium (CR-1/3N) cell(s).
When the state abbreviations were still 3 letters not 2!
Plus: The days before computerized check-out. The due date was hand-written or stamped on a slip inside the book, and a card was removed and kept in a file at the library.
Thrown into the nearest bush when the cableway's telephone system was replaced with computerized radio automation in the mid-1980s.
adi's $250 adidas One computer controlled shoe. Very lightly worn, but the computerized cushioning system still works. Here's your chance to snag a pair of these historic shoes for a fraction of the original retail price.
Libramatics were cutting edge library technology in the 1970s and 1980s. They worked with us to produce the world's first computerized catalogue in Greek script and this is a page of a manual for coding community organizations in Infoserve, an automated community directory developed using Ausmarc fields. It was very cool - on fiche of course.
The Sorlie Bridge that spans the Red River between Grand Forks and East Grand Forks, MN has had LED lighting added to it. The lights are controlled by a computerized device which is placed inside the pumphouse next to the river near the bridge. The color of the lights can be changed easily and several preprogramed color schemes are coordinated with holidays and special events.
Maleficent invitation with glitter embellishment; envelope with computerized addressing and matching custom postage stamp.
(198) The retail space in this large new development is among the most spacious in Manhattan, and the most expensive.
Here the large atrium is decked out with a computerized Christmas/Hanukkah lighting display that activates on the quarter-hour.
Fashion design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes, and has varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace, because of the time required to bring a garment onto the market, must at times anticipate changing consumer tastes.
Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They must consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of materials to work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose from. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a narrow range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for special occasions such as evening wear or party dresses.
Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear.
Structure[edit]
Fashion designers can work in a number of many ways. Fashion designers may work full-time for one fashion as 'in-house designers' which owns the designs. They may work alone or as part of a team. Freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyer's label. Some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends. Most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of men’s, women’s, and children’s fashions for the mass market. Large designer brands which have a 'name' as their brand such as Abercrombie & Fitch, Justice, or Juicy are likely to be designed by a team of individual designers under the direction of a designer director.
Designing a garment[edit]
Fashion designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile (or muslin), he or she will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card or via a computerized system. The pattern maker's job is very precise and painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit.
Fashion design is generally considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison couture (fashion house) in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, and high fashion descended from that worn at royal courts. Worth's success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him. While all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 are considered as fashion design.
It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments. The images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom. If the client liked their design, they ordered it and the resulting garment made money for the house. Thus, the tradition of designers sketching out garment designs instead of presenting completed garments on models to customers began as an economy.
The garments produced by clothing manufacturers fall into three main categories, although these may be split up into additional, more specific categories
Haute couture[edit]
Main article: Haute couture
Until the 1950s, fashion clothing was predominately designed and manufactured on a made-to-measure or haute couture basis (French for high-sewing), with each garment being created for a specific client. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer, and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make.[1][2] Due to the high cost of each garment, haute couture makes little direct profit for the fashion houses, but is important for prestige and publicity.[3]
Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)[edit]
Main article: Ready-to-wear
Ready-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include, spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim, and bridal.
Mass market[edit]
Main article: Mass market
Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear garments using trends set by the famous names in fashion. They often wait around a season to make sure a style is going to catch on before producing their own versions of the original look. In order to save money and time, they use cheaper fabrics and simpler production techniques which can easily be done by machine. The end product can therefore be sold much more cheaply.[4][5][6]
There is a type of design called "kutch" design originated from the German word "kitschig" meaning "ugly" or "not aesthetically pleasing." Kitsch can also refer to "wearing or displaying something that is therefore no longer in fashion."[7] Often, high-waisted trousers, associated with the 1980s, are considered a "kitsch" fashion statement.[8]
Income[edit]
Globe icon.
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2010)
Median annual wages for salaried fashion designers were $61,160 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $42,150 and $87,120.[9] The lowest 10 percent earned less than $32,150, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $124,780. Median annual earnings were $52,860 (£28,340) in apparel, piece goods, and notions - the industry employing the largest numbers of fashion designers.[10]
Meet the family. The two refractors are an Askar 107PHQ (white) and a William Optics Redcat 71 (red). The smaller Celestron telescope is a Maksutov-Cassegrain Celestron NexStar 127SLT. The larger Celestron scope is a Schmidt Cassegrain (SCT) Celestron 9.25 XLT. The Redcat 71 is shown mounted on an iOptron GEM45 German Equatorial Mount. The Celestron NexStar 127SLT is shown on the stock alt-azimuth go-to (computerized) mount packaged with this telescope.
Housewares Saleswoman: I think everything's gonna be computerized in twenty years.
Sylvie: Soup won't be computerized.
Housewares Saleswoman: Why not?
Sylvie: It's a liquid.
i love this picture of miranda july
www.flickr.com/photos/ari/501933277/in/set-72157600224245...
Montes Apenninus complete view.
Equipment: Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope, CGEM Mount.
Camera: Canon T1i
Short exposure
Location: Valencia, Venezuela
Date/Time: June 20, 2010 at 20:50
At last! Roble has computerized it's ticketing system. This should minimize the chaos in securing a ticket during peak passenger seasons...
www.hyseal.com/double-sided-tape/
Double sided self adhesive Tape includes Double Sided PP Tape, Double Sided Tissue Tape and Double Sided EVA Foam Tape. PP one is mainly used for computerized embroidery and shoe & leather industry. Tissue one is suitable to paste envelop, public notes, photos and some home and office use. EVA one is irregular surface, mounting decorative objects in cars, machines and houses.
Various widths are provided
Supply Acrylic, Hot Melt and Solvent adhesive
Different thicknesses are available
Eco- friendly backing material
Retail packaging way is acceptable
Double Sided PP Tape
Double Sided PP Tape is coated on both sides with Acrylic or Solvent or Hot Melt adhesive on BOPP film, then wind with white or yellow siliconized paper. BOPP film is with strong tensile strength and adhesive is with aggressive adhesion to the surface, it is ideal choice for carpet fixing, splicing, also suitable for sealing poly bags, sticking wallpaper, paper, etc.
Holding, jointing of light objects
Good adhesion, long lasting
Clean the surface of jointing object before using
With white or yellow release paper
Double sided tissue Tape
Double Sided Tissue Tape is produced by tissue paper and coated double side of adhesive. Adhesive can be Water Base Acrylic, Hot Melt and Solvent. Acrylic Double Side Tissue Tape is popular because it's good cost and solvent free. It is easy to use and tear by hands, people like to use it to fix ornament hook or signboard, paste mail stamp and envelope and some DIY usage.
Easy tear by hands
Ideal tape for home and office use
Suitable for general purpose applications
Flexible width: from 3mm to 150mm
Double Sided EVA Foam Tape
EVA is in short of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. EVA has the features of shock proof and anti-slip. Double Side EVA Foam Tape is coated with Water Base Acrylic or Natural Rubber on two sides of EVA, then winded with release paper. EVA can be in different colours, such as white, gray and black. It is widely used in electrical products, automobiles, computers, toys, sports equipment, etc.
Thickness: 0.5mm - 8mm
Strong double side adhesion
Shock-proof and crack resistant
Good performance in all kinds of surfaces
Santa utilizes modern technology (computerized tomography) to examine his toys for possible defects prior to delivering them.
His trusty elves assist him in this endeavor.
Meanwhile, Mrs Santa makes sure her husband is well-fed.
Taq Enterprises now prints excellent digital advance printing using computerized technology to show the beauty and sharp colors of images. From January 2009 Taq Enterprises was able to produce products such as cap, bags, umbrellas, shirts, etc. our company is growing rapidly and we are proud to be one of the most efficient companies out there.
Equipment: Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope, NexImage Solar System Imager, Star Pointer
Camera: Canon PowerShot A610
Shutter Speed: 1/400 s
Location: Valencia, Venezuela
Date/Time: Jan 03, 2010 at 22:00
Our cataloguing systems haven't really changed since 1960s, but indexing and searching has been computerized. Plus we invented subject headings somewhere along the line.
All set up and ready to go.
The telescope is a Newtonian reflector, 8" diameter, by Celestron, model C8-NGT, on a CG-5GT computerized mount.
These little Gnomes are the cutest I've seen in a long while. The simple graphic style and their enthusiasm for numbers makes them even more adorable!
Detail of a multiplication card set No. 8122 designed to be used with "Charlie The Lovable Teaching Robot." Copyright 1980, Educational Insights. I found the box of cards for 50 cents at a thrift store. Apparently, Charlie was the forerunner to the Leapster-style children's computerized learning machines.
Last of 2 Messiers I needed to image
Orion ED102T CF Triplet Apochromatic Refractor Telescope.
Orion Sirius German-equatorial Computerized Goto Mount
Images aquired using APT
Guided with Starshoot Autoguider and 50mm guide scope
Aligned and stacked with Nebulosity
Post-process with StarTools
7 total frames: (14 minutes)
7x120 iso 800 Canon T3i no filters w/Orion ED 102mm
sites.google.com/site/astrochuck123
*****Check out my "terrestrial" pictures on:
Sagrada Família or Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família (Catalan) or Basílica de la Sagrada Familia (Spanish) or Basilica of the Holy Family, is a large still largely unfinished church building in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Designed by the Catalan architect Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926), his work on Sagrada Família is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. On 7 November 2010, Pope Benedict XVI consecrated the church and proclaimed it a minor basilica. On 19 March 1882, construction of the Sagrada Família began under architect Francisco de Paula del Villar. In 1883, when Villar resigned, Gaudí took over as chief architect, transforming the project with his architectural and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted the remainder of his life to the project, and he is buried in the crypt. At the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was complete. Relying solely on private donations, the Sagrada Família's construction progressed slowly and was interrupted by the Spanish Civil War. In July 1936, revolutionaries set fire to the crypt and broke their way into the workshop, partially destroying Gaudí's original plans, drawings and plaster models, which led to 16 years of work to piece together the fragments of the master model. Construction resumed to intermittent progress in the 1950s. Advancements in technologies such as computer aided design and computerized numerical control (CNC) have since enabled faster progress and construction passed the midpoint in 2010. However, some of the project's greatest challenges remain, including the construction of ten more spires, each symbolizing an important Biblical figure in the New Testament. It was anticipated that the building would be completed by 2026, the centenary of Gaudí's death, but this has now been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The basilica has a long history of splitting opinion among the residents of Barcelona: over the initial possibility it might compete with Barcelona's Cathedral, over Gaudí's design itself, over the possibility that work after Gaudí's death disregarded his design, and the 2007 proposal to build a tunnel nearby as part of Spain's high-speed rail link to France, possibly disturbing its stability. Describing the Sagrada Família, art critic Rainer Zerbst said "it is probably impossible to find a church building anything like it in the entire history of art", and Paul Goldberger describes it as "the most extraordinary personal interpretation of Gothic architecture since the Middle Ages". The basilica is not the cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Barcelona, as that title belongs to the Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia (Barcelona Cathedral). The Basílica de la Sagrada Família was the inspiration of a bookseller, Josep Maria Bocabella, founder of Asociación Espiritual de Devotos de San José (Spiritual Association of Devotees of St. Joseph). After a visit to the Vatican in 1872, Bocabella returned from Italy with the intention of building a church inspired by the basilica at Loreto. The apse crypt of the church, funded by donations, was begun 19 March 1882, on the festival of St. Joseph, to the design of the architect Francisco de Paula del Villar, whose plan was for a Gothic revival church of a standard form. The apse crypt was completed before Villar's resignation on 18 March 1883, when Antoni Gaudí assumed responsibility for its design, which he changed radically. Gaudi began work on the church in 1883 but was not appointed Architect Director until 1884. On the subject of the extremely long construction period, Gaudí is said to have remarked: "My client is not in a hurry." When Gaudí died in 1926, the basilica was between 15 and 25 percent complete. After Gaudí's death, work continued under the direction of his main disciple Domènec Sugrañes i Gras until interrupted by the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Parts of the unfinished basilica and Gaudí's models and workshop were destroyed during the war by Catalan anarchists. The present design is based on reconstructed versions of the plans that were burned in a fire as well as on modern adaptations. Since 1940, the architects Francesc Quintana, Isidre Puig Boada, Lluís Bonet i Gari and Francesc Cardoner have carried on the work. The illumination was designed by Carles Buïgas. The director until 2012 was the son of Lluís Bonet, Jordi Bonet i Armengol. He has been introducing computers into the design and construction process since the 1980s. In 2012, Barcelona-born Jordi Faulí i Oller took over as architect of the project. Mark Burry of New Zealand serves as Executive Architect and Researcher. Sculptures by J. Busquets, Etsuro Sotoo and the controversial Josep Maria Subirachs decorate the fantastical façades. The central nave vaulting was completed in 2000 and the main tasks since then have been the construction of the transept vaults and apse. As of 2006, work concentrated on the crossing and supporting structure for the main steeple of Jesus Christ as well as the southern enclosure of the central nave, which will become the Glory façade. The church shares its site with the Sagrada Família Schools building, a school originally designed by Gaudí in 1909 for the children of the construction workers. Relocated in 2002 from the eastern corner of the site to the southern corner, the building now houses an exhibition. Chief architect Jordi Faulí announced in October 2015 that construction was 70 percent complete and had entered its final phase of raising six immense steeples. The steeples and most of the church's structure are to be completed by 2026, the centennial of Gaudí's death; as of a 2017 estimate, decorative elements should be complete by 2030 or 2032. Visitor entrance fees of €15 to €20 finance the annual construction budget of €25 million. Computer-aided design technology has been used to accelerate construction of the building. Current technology allows stone to be shaped off-site by a CNC milling machine, whereas in the 20th century the stone was carved by hand. In 2008, some renowned Catalan architects advocated halting construction to respect Gaudí's original designs, which, although they were not exhaustive and were partially destroyed, have been partially reconstructed in recent years. In 2018, the stone type needed for the construction was found in a quarry in Brinscall, near Chorley, England. The main nave was covered and an organ installed in mid-2010, allowing the still-unfinished building to be used for liturgies. The church was consecrated by Pope Benedict XVI on 7 November 2010 in front of a congregation of 6,500 people. A further 50,000 people followed the consecration Mass from outside the basilica, where more than 100 bishops and 300 priests were on hand to distribute Holy Communion. Gaudí's original design calls for a total of eighteen spires, representing in ascending order of height the Twelve Apostles, the Virgin Mary, the four Evangelists and, tallest of all, Jesus Christ. Nine spires have been built as of 2021, corresponding to four apostles at the Nativity façade and four apostles at the Passion façade and the Virgin Mary spire. According to the 2005 "Works Report" of the project's official website, drawings signed by Gaudí and recently found in the Municipal Archives, indicate that the spire of the Virgin was in fact intended by Gaudí to be shorter than those of the evangelists. The spire height will follow Gaudí's intention, which according to the report will work with the existing foundation. The Evangelists' spires will be surmounted by sculptures of their traditional symbols: a winged bull (Saint Luke), a winged man (Saint Matthew), an eagle (Saint John), and a winged lion (Saint Mark). The central spire of Jesus Christ is to be surmounted by a giant cross; its total height (172.5 meters (566 ft)) will be less than that of Montjuïc hill in Barcelona, as Gaudí believed that his creation should not surpass God's. The lower spires are surmounted by communion hosts with sheaves of wheat and chalices with bunches of grapes, representing the Eucharist. Plans call for tubular bells to be placed within the spires, driven by the force of the wind, and driving sound down into the interior of the church. Gaudí performed acoustic studies to achieve the appropriate acoustic results inside the temple. However, only one bell is currently in place.
The completion of the spires will make Sagrada Família the tallest church building in the world—11 meters taller than the current record-holder, Ulm Minster, which is 161.5 meters (530 ft) at its highest point. The Church will have three grand façades: the Nativity façade to the East, the Passion façade to the West, and the Glory façade to the South (yet to be completed). The Nativity Façade was built before work was interrupted in 1935 and bears the most direct Gaudí influence. In 2010 an organ was installed in the chancel by the Blancafort Orgueners de Montserrat organ builders. The instrument has 26 stops (1,492 pipes) on two manuals and a pedalboard. To overcome the unique acoustical challenges posed by the church's architecture and vast size, several additional organs will be installed at various points within the building. These instruments will be playable separately (from their own individual consoles) and simultaneously (from a single mobile console), yielding an organ of some 8,000 pipes when completed. Together with six other Gaudí buildings in Barcelona, part of la Sagrada Família is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as testifying "to Gaudí's exceptional creative contribution to the development of architecture and building technology", "having represented el Modernisme of Catalonia" and "anticipated and influenced many of the forms and techniques that were relevant to the development of modern construction in the 20th century". The inscription only includes the Crypt and the Nativity Façade.
Contacts:Sophy
jubao01@jubao.cc
msn:jubao_tec@hotmail.com
skype:jubaotec
tel:86-595-82050111
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