Ausschreibung photos on Flickr

WILLYS MB 1940 - 1945 by Imagonos

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26. Oldtimertreffen Bad Muenster am Stein-Ebernburg

Der Willys MB, mit der Armeebezeichung ¼-ton 4 × 4 truck,

gilt als der Urahn aller sogenannten „Jeeps“. Er wurde aufgrund einer Ausschreibung der US-amerikanischen Armee ab dem Jahre 1940 entwickelt. Die US-Armee suchte damals ein kleines und geländegängiges Fahrzeug, das relativ billig und in großer Stückzahl hergestellt werden konnte. „Er ist treu wie ein Hund, stark wie ein Maultier und flink wie eine Bergziege“ beschrieben US-Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs ihr Allzweckfahrzeug.

Quelle: wikipedia

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Swiss Rail Traffic Re 487 001-0 by Stefan Wullschleger

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DE: Re 487 001-0 Swiss Rail Traffic überführt am 30.09.2018 den Ganzzug 69850 mit 20´ SRC Container der Firma Forstlogistik CH AG von Islikon nach Aarberg. In Kürze werden damit Zuckerrüben in die Zuckerfabriken in Aarberg und Frauenfeld geführt. Die Fuhren hin zu den Zuckerfabriken werden nach einer Ausschreibung durch Schweizer Zucker AG ab 2018 neu durch Sersa (Gleis- und Fahrleitungsbau) und Swiss Rail Traffic Corp. regional aufgeteilt abgewickelt. SBB Cargo unterlag in preislicher Hinsicht. Das Foto entstand in Burgdorf.

EN: Freight Train 69850 Swiss Rail Traffic with empty 20´ SRC cotainers Forstlogistik CH Corp. from Islikon to Aarberg. In a few weeks, the containers will be loaded with mellowed sugar beets for the sugar mills in Aarberg and Frauenfeld. Sersa Corp. (railroad & contact wire construction) and Swiss Rail Traffic Corp. won the offer by tender as new logistic players for sugar beets transportation on the Swiss railway tracks against SBB Cargo. A joint cooperation between both companies became effective in the year 2018. Photo location: Burgdorf, Railway Station

WILLYS Jeep by Imagonos

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5. Pfungstädter Oldtimertreff 2017

Der Willys MB, mit der Armeebezeichnung ¼-ton 4 × 4 truck, gilt als der Urahn aller sogenannten „Jeeps“. Er wurde aufgrund einer Ausschreibung der US-amerikanischen Armee ab dem Jahre 1940 entwickelt. Die US-Armee suchte damals ein kleines und geländegängiges Fahrzeug, das relativ billig und in großer Stückzahl hergestellt werden konnte. „Er ist treu wie ein Hund, stark wie ein Maultier und flink wie eine Bergziege“ beschrieben US-Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs ihr Allzweckfahrzeug.

Quelle: wikipedia

Some of my groups and albums

TO SEE ONLY IN 30/60 OPTED OUT GROUPS !

NUR IN GRUPPEN OHNE 30/60 RESTRIKTION ZU SEHEN

MB G250D WOLF Bundeswehr by Olaf Arndt

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Nachdem der Mercedes G bereits in den 1970er-Jahren an der Ausschreibung teilgenommen hatte, die zur Beschaffung des VW Iltis führte, wurden Mitte der 1980er-Jahre die Fahrzeuge der „dritten Generation“ entwickelt.

After the Mercedes G had already participated in the tender in the 1970s that led to the procurement of the VW Iltis, the "third generation" vehicles were developed in the mid-1980s.

Colourful - Fassade Mira by Traveller_40

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Bin dort hin gefahren um U-Bahn zu fotographieren. Hatte ein Bedürfnis nach frischer Luft. Und da war sie vor mir, knallbunt die Wand. Es gibt da noch viel mehr Farben zu sehen. das ist nur rein kleiner Aussschnitt. Wirkt in groß oder aus schwarzem Hintergrund noch besser

I went there to photograph a Subway station. However, feeling a need for fresch air I left the under ground. And there it was, a very colorful wall. Actually this is only a very small part of the wall, and there are many mor colors.

Mira, Hasenbergl München, direkt an der U-Bahn Station Dülferstraße, Linie U2. Das Mira hat einen eigenen Unterirdischen Zugang zur U-Bahn Station. Die Station ist ebenfalls ziemlich bunt.

Die Fassadengestaltung des Mira erhielt im Rahmen einer Ausschreibung 2006 den Ersten Preis. Gestaltung Büro Léon Wohlhage Wernik Architekten.

WILLYS MB by Imagonos

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Der Willys MB, mit der Armeebezeichung ¼-ton 4 × 4 truck,[1] gilt als der Urahn aller sogenannten „Jeeps“. Er wurde aufgrund einer Ausschreibung der US-amerikanischen Armee ab dem Jahre 1940 entwickelt. Die US-Armee suchte damals ein kleines und geländegängiges Fahrzeug, das relativ billig und in großer Stückzahl hergestellt werden konnte. „Er ist treu wie ein Hund, stark wie ein Maultier und flink wie eine Bergziege“ beschrieben US-Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs ihr Allzweckfahrzeug.

Quelle: Wikipedia

TO SEE ONLY IN 30/60 OPTED OUT GROUPS !

NUR IN GRUPPEN OHNE 30/60 RESTRIKTION ZU SEHEN !

Some of my groups and albums

London - Paternoster Square by Michael Kemper

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seen from St Paul's Cathedral

gesehen von der St Paul's Cathedral

Paternoster Square is an urban development, owned by the Mitsubishi Estate Co., next to St Paul's Cathedral in the City of London. The area, which takes its name from Paternoster Row, once centre of the London publishing trade, was devastated by aerial bombardment in The Blitz during the Second World War. It is now the location of the London Stock Exchange which relocated there from Threadneedle Street in 2004. It is also the location of investment banks such as Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch and Nomura Securities Co., and of fund manager Fidelity Investments. The square itself, i.e. the plaza, is privately owned public space. In 2004, Christopher Wren's 1669 Temple Bar Gate was re-erected here as an entrance way to the plaza.

The Square is near the top of a modest rise known as Ludgate Hill, the highest part of the City of London. It is characterised by its pedestrianisation and colonnades.

World War II bombing

The City of London was hit by one of the heaviest night raids of The Blitz on the night of 29 December 1940. Buildings on Paternoster Row, housing the publishing companies Simpkins and Marshall, Hutchinsons, Blackwoods, and Longmans and Collins were destroyed. St Paul's Cathedral remained intact.

1960s rebuilding

In 1956, the Corporation of London published Sir William Holford's proposals for redeveloping the precinct north of St Paul's Cathedral. Holford's report attempted to resolve problems of traffic flow in the vicinity of the cathedral, while protecting the cathedral's presence as a national monument on the highest ground of the City, at the top of Ludgate Hill, on the north bank of the Thames. The report was controversial, however, because it introduced a decisively modern note alongside the foremost work of Britain's foremost 17th-century architect, Sir Christopher Wren.

Rebuilding was carried out between 1961–7, but it involved only part of Holford's concept — the area of Paternoster Square between St Paul's churchyard and Newgate Street — and this included undistinguished buildings by other architects and the omission of some of Holford's features. The new Paternoster Square soon became very unpopular, and (in the eyes of many) its grim presence immediately north of one of the capital's prime tourist attractions was seen as an embarrassment. Robert Finch, the Lord Mayor of London, wrote of it in The Guardian in 2004, that it was made up of "ghastly, monolithic constructions without definition or character".

1980s and 1990s

In the late 1980s, many existing tenants moved to other London sites leading to vacant premises. This prompted landlords and the City of London to welcome proposals to redevelop. In 1987, a body awarded a prize for a plan by Arup associates; this was not implemented as complicated, bold and postmodern. In 1990 a front-running scheme arose by John Simpson sponsored by a newspaper competition and championed by The Prince of Wales; this proposed classical features, which would have been sympathetic with the nearby cathedral. The City's architecturally more radical planners for large commercial buildings refused these plans, as pastiche, even though the scheme that was eventually realised also draws heavily from classical architecture, complete with Corinthian columns and classical mouldings.

In 1996 planning permissions were granted for the masterplan by Sir William Whitfield — then planned in detail and built. By October 2003 the redeveloped square was complete, lined with buildings by Whitfield's firm and others. Among the first new tenants was the London Stock Exchange.

Occupy London and public space controversy

The London Stock Exchange was the initial target for the protesters of Occupy London on 15 October 2011. Attempts to occupy Paternoster Square were thwarted by police, Police sealed off the entrance to Paternoster Square. A High Court injunction had been granted against public access to the square, defining it as private property. The square was repeatedly described as 'public space' in the plans for Paternoster Square, meaning the public is granted access but does not designate the square as a right of way under English law, thus the owner can limit access at any time.

Monuments and sculpture

The main monument in the redeveloped square is the 75 ft (23m) tall Paternoster Square Column. It is a Corinthian column of Portland stone topped by a gold leaf covered flaming copper urn, which is illuminated by fibre-optic lighting at night. The column was designed by William Whitfield's firm Whitfield Partners, and also serves as a ventilation shaft for a service road that runs beneath the square.

At the north end of the square is the bronze Paternoster (also known as Shepherd and Sheep) by Dame Elisabeth Frink. The statue was commissioned for the previous Paternoster Square complex in 1975, and was replaced on a new plinth following the redevelopment. Another sculpture in the square is Paternoster Vents by Thomas Heatherwick.

Temple Bar Gate, a Wren-designed stone archway constructed between 1669 and 1672 on Fleet Street at Temple Bar (the historic western ceremonial entrance to the City), has been in front of the cathedral side entrance since 2004.[9] Contractors were paid £3,000,000 to restore it and move it from a site in Theobalds Park by the Corporation of London, which received donations from the Temple Bar Trust and more than one livery company.

(Wikipedia)

Der Paternoster Square ist ein Gebiet in der Nähe der St Paul’s Cathedral in London.

Gestaltung

Der Platz wird geprägt von der Paternoster Square Column. Der Straßenblock wird durch Fußgängerwege, die in einen zentralen Platz münden, gegliedert. Christopher Wrens historischer Kapitelsaal wurde in die neue Bebauung integriert.

Befürworter dieser Planungen loben das Ergebnis für seine harmonische Gestaltung und die gewählten Materialien, wie Stein und Ziegel. Kritiker bemängeln jedoch die banale Architektur und die ausschließliche Nutzung durch Geschäfte und Büros bzw. das Fehlen von Wohnungen, sodass der Platz an Wochenenden und Feiertagen wie ausgestorben sei.

Geschichte

Vor seiner Zerstörung durch deutsche Luftangriffe am 29. Dezember 1940[3] befand sich hier das von Straßenbuchhändlern geprägte Londoner Verlagsviertel. In seiner heutigen Gestalt entstand der Platz im Rahmen eines städtebaulichen Projekts nördlich der Londoner St Paul’s Cathedral. Der Name bezieht sich auf die einst dort verlaufende Paternoster Row. Diese wurde von den Mönchen und Klerikern der St Paul’s Cathedral genutzt, die beim Entlanglaufen das Vaterunser (lat. Pater Noster) beteten.

Von 1961 bis 1967 wurde das Gebiet zwischen dem Friedhof von St. Paul’s und Newgate Street nach Plänen des britischen Architekten und Stadtplaners William Graham Holford neu gestaltet. Die eher abweisende und eintönige Bebauung und der daraus folgenden Atmosphäre machten es jedoch bald unattraktiv bei der Bevölkerung. Auf Grund seiner Nähe zu diversen touristischen Anziehungspunkten wurde der Platz und seine Umgebung gar als Peinlichkeit empfunden.

Da es mit der Zeit immer schwerer wurde, Mieter für die Gebäude zu finden, begann man Ende der 80er-Jahre, eine Neugestaltung des Platzes in Erwägung zu ziehen. 1987 fand eine Ausschreibung um die Neugestaltung statt, aus der ein Entwurf des Architektenbüros Arup Associates als Sieger hervorging. Dieser sah eine komplizierte, zusammenhanglose postmoderne Gestaltung vor. Daraufhin wurden die Pläne 1990 zu Gunsten des eher klassisch ausfallenden Entwurfs des britischen Architekten John Simpson fallen gelassen. Diese Pläne wurden von einer Zeitung und Prinz Charles gefördert. Die Lobby der Unterstützer moderner Architektur kritisierte diesen Entwurf jedoch als Nachahmung des Verlorenen, sodass er schließlich ebenfalls verworfen wurde.

Denkmäler und Skulpturen

1996 begann die Umgestaltung des Gebiets nach den Plänen von William Whitfield. Unter den Bauherren befand sich auch die Londoner Börse, die hier ihr neues Domizil bezog. Im Oktober 2003 wurde das Projekt vollendet. 2004 wurde außerdem der Temple Bar-Torbogen von 1672 wieder aufgebaut. Der Platz wird von der Paternoster Square Column geprägt, einer 23 m hohen korinthischen Säule aus Portland-Stein mit einer blattvergoldeten flammenden Urne auf der Spitze. Die Säule wurde vom Architektenbüro Whitfield Partners entworfen. Am nördlichen Rand des Platzes steht die Bronzeskulptur "Schäfer und Schafe" der britischen Bildhauerin Dame Elisabeth Frink. Sie wurde 1975 für das damalige Projekt geschaffen und nach dem Umbau wieder aufgestellt.

(Wikipedia)

Freiraum für Träume by Hibi

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Room for dreams

Modell Ivana K.

Sie hatte sich liebenswürdigerweise auf meine Ausschreibung "Modell für langweilige Porträtaufnahmen gesucht" gemeldet. :-))

She was so kind as to answer to my announcement " Wanted model for boring portrait shoots". :-))

The elegant shoe (c-1920) by Susanlenox

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Julius Ussy Engelhard (1883 - 1964)

Ballerina Stretching. by Steve Hammond

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Ballerina Stretching.

(Linoleum Cut).

Задумчивый страсти комплексные поэзия костюмы, расположенные сверкающие туфли скрипит,

ungewöhnliche Stärken Reflexionen glitzernden Jüngling Vergnügungen prächtigen Wappen Knöchel Ausschreibung,

siapiau peri dryswch troi gweithredu rhinweddol dwylo tecach gynulleidfa imperial diddanu,

Ochii satisfacatoare luminoase îngeri ardere șofran heruvimi nelinistite perfecțiuni furtună blând nuanțe,

édes szívek feszített mirtuszpálinka órák fájdalmak,

beauteous gemiti musica lussuriosa donna che sogna sirene alleggerimento sublime dita,

exultans manibus puram labia aera tacent Quisque calefacientem manus exilibus,

στροβιλίζονται ύφασμα χαϊδεύει ουρανό αγκαλιάζει αγάπη μου ψιθυρίζει μαλακά ουρανό αισθάνθηκε,

creatieve gevoeligheden theatermakers indringende sfeer expressionistische energieën bewegen,

祖先ジェスチャーをけいれんすることはモチーフ魔法の筋肉キャバレー世代驚異的なビジョンを信じて突出塗装.

Steve.D.Hammond.

San Diego - USS Midway Museum by Michael Kemper

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Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight

The USS Midway Museum is a maritime museum located in downtown San Diego, California at Navy Pier. The museum consists of the aircraft carrier Midway (CV-41). The ship houses an extensive collection of aircraft, many of which were built in Southern California.

The USS Midway was America's longest-serving aircraft carrier of the 20th century, from 1945 to 1992. Approximately 200,000 sailors served aboard the carrier, known for several naval aviation breakthroughs as well as several humanitarian missions. It was the only carrier to serve the entire length of the Cold War and beyond. It is now berthed in San Diego, the original home of the Navy's TOPGUN fighter school.

Midway opened as a museum on 7 June 2004. By 2012 annual visitation exceeded 1 million visitors. As of 2015 Midway is the most popular naval warship museum in the United States. The museum has over 13,000 members, and hosts more than 700 events a year, including more than 400 active-duty Navy retirements, re-enlistments, and changes of command. The museum also hosts approximately 50,000 students on field trips and 5,000 children in its overnight program annually.

Admission includes a self-guided audio tour, narrated by former Midway sailors to more than 60 locations, including sleeping quarters, engine room, galley, bridge, brig, post office, foc's'le, pilots' ready rooms, officers quarters, primary flight control, and "officers country". Other features include climb-aboard aircraft and cockpits, videos, flight simulators, and a narrated audio tour for youngsters.

The museum is berthed at Navy Pier which has more than 300 parking spaces. It also is within walking distance of public transportation and other downtown San Diego waterfront attractions.

In addition to private events, the museum has become a popular media venue. In 2012 it hosted a nationally broadcast NCAA basketball game between San Diego State University and Syracuse University. American Idol has filmed an episode on Midway, as have the Travel Network, Discovery Channel, FOX News, The Bachelor, Extreme Makeover, History Channel, and Military Channel.

(Wikipedia)

The Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight is a medium-lift tandem-rotor transport helicopter powered by twin turboshaft engines. It was designed by Vertol and manufactured by Boeing Vertol following Vertol's acquisition by Boeing.

Development of the Sea Knight, which was originally designated by the firm as the Vertol Model 107, commenced during 1956. It was envisioned as a successor to the first generation of rotorcraft, such as the H-21 "Flying Banana", that had been powered by piston engines; in its place, the V-107 made use of the emergent turboshaft engine. On 22 April 1958, the V-107 prototype performed its maiden flight. During June 1958, the US Army awarded a contract for the construction of ten production-standard aircraft, designated as the YHC-1A, based on the V-107; this initial order was later cut down to three YHC-1As though. During 1961, the US Marine Corps (USMC), which had been studying its requirements for a medium-lift, twin-turbine cargo/troop assault helicopter, selected Boeing Vertol's Model 107M as the basis from which to manufacture a suitable rotorcraft to meet their needs. Known colloquially as the "Phrog" and formally as the "Sea Knight", it was operated across all US Marine Corps' operational environments between its introduction during the Vietnam War and its frontline retirement during 2014.

The Sea Knight was operated by the USMC to provide all-weather, day-or-night assault transport of combat troops, supplies and equipment until it was replaced by the MV-22 Osprey during the 2010s. The USMC also used the helicopter for combat support, search and rescue (SAR), casualty evacuation and Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel (TRAP). The Sea Knight also functioned as the US Navy's standard medium-lift utility helicopter prior to the type being phased out of service in favor of the MH-60S Knighthawk during the early 2000s. Several overseas operators acquired the rotorcraft as well. Canada operated the Sea Knight, designated as CH-113; the type was used predominantly in the SAR role until 2004. Other export customers for the type included Japan, Sweden, and Saudi Arabia. The commercial version of the rotorcraft is the BV 107-II, commonly referred to simply as the "Vertol".

Development

Origins

During the 1940s and 1950s, American rotorcraft manufacturer Piasecki Helicopter emerged as a pioneering developer of tandem-rotor helicopters; perhaps the most famous of these being the piston-powered H-21 "Flying Banana", an early utility and transport helicopter. During 1955, Piasecki was officially renamed as Vertol Corporation (standing for vertical take-off and landing); it was around this time that work commenced on the development of a new generation of tandem rotor helicopter. During 1956, the new design received the internal company designation of Vertol Model 107, or simply V-107; this rotorcraft differed from its predecessors by harnessing the newly developed turboshaft engine instead of piston-based counterparts. During that year, construction of a prototype, powered by a pair of Lycoming T53 turboshaft engines, each one being capable of producing 877 shp (640 kW), commenced.

On 22 April 1958, the V-107 prototype performed its maiden flight. In order to garner publicity for the newly developed rotorcraft, it was decided to use the prototype to conduct a series of publicised flight demonstrations during a tour across the United States and several overseas nations. During June 1958, it was announced that the U.S. Army had awarded a contract to Vertol for the construction of ten production-standard aircraft based on the V-107, which were designated YHC-1A. However, this order was later decreased to three helicopters; according to aviation author Jay P. Spenser, the cutback had been enacted in order that the U.S. Army would be able to divert funds for the development of the rival V-114 helicopter, which was also a turbine-powered tandem rotor design but substantially larger than the V-107. All of the U.S. Army's three YHC-1As were powered by pairs of GE-T-58 engines. During August 1959, the first YHC-1A-model rotorcraft conducted its first flight; independently, it was shortly followed by the maiden flight of an improved model intended for the commercial and export markets, designated 107-II.

During 1960, the U.S. Marine Corps evolved a requirement for a medium-lift, twin-turbine troop/cargo assault helicopter to replace the various piston-engined types that were then in widespread use with the service. That same year, American aviation company Boeing acquired Vertol, after which the group was consequently renamed Boeing Vertol.[4] Following a competition between several competing designs, during early 1961, it was announced that Boeing Vertol had been selected to manufacture its model 107M for the U.S. Marine Corps, where it was designated HRB-1. During 1962, the U.S. Air Force placed its own order for 12 XCH-46B Sea Knight helicopters, which used the XH-49A designation; however, the service later decided to cancel the order due to delays in its delivery; instead, the U.S. Air Force opted to procure the rival Sikorsky S-61R in its place.

Following the Sea Knight's first flight in August 1962, the military designation was changed to CH-46A. During November 1964, the introduction of the Marines' CH-46A and the Navy's UH-46As commenced. The UH-46A variant was a modified version of the rotorcraft to perform the vertical replenishment mission. The CH-46A was equipped with a pair of T58-GE8-8B turboshaft engines, each being rated at 1,250 shp (930 kW); these allowed the Sea Knight to carry up to 17 passengers or a maximum of 4,000 pounds (1,815 kg) of cargo.

Further developments

During 1966, production of the improved CH-46D commenced with deliveries following shortly thereafter. This model featured various improvements, including modified rotor blades and the adoption of more powerful T58-GE-10 turboshaft engines, rated at 1,400 shp (1,040 kW) each. The increased power of these new engines allowed the CH-46D to carry an increased payload, such as up to 25 troops or a maximum of 7,000 pounds (3,180 kg) of cargo. During late 1967, the improved model was introduced to the Vietnam theater, where it supplemented the U.S. Marine Corps' existing CH-46A fleet, which had proven to be relatively unreliable and problematic in service. Along with the USMC's CH-46Ds, the U.S. Navy also acquired a small number of UH-46Ds for ship resupply purposes. In addition, approximately 33 CH-46As were progressively re-manufactured to the CH-46D standard.

Between 1968 and 1971, the U.S. Marine Corps received a number of CH-46F standard rotorcraft. This model retained the T58-GE-10 engines used on the CH-46D while featuring revised avionics and featured a number of other modifications. The CH-46F was the final production model of the type. During its service life, the Sea Knight received a variety of upgrades and modifications. Over time, the majority of the U.S. Marine Corps' Sea Knights were upgraded to the improved CH-46E standard. This model featured fiberglass rotor blades, reinforcement measures throughout the airframe, along with the refitting of further uprated T58-GE-16 engines, capable of producing 1,870 shp (1,390 kW) each; in addition, several CH-46Es were modified to double their maximum fuel capacity. Starting in the mid-1990s, the Dynamic Component Upgrade (DCU) programmes was enacted, focusing on the implementation of strengthened drive systems and modified rotor controls.

The commercial variant, the BV 107-II, was first ordered by New York Airways during 1960. During July 1962, they took delivery of their first three aircraft, which was configured to seat up to 25 passengers. During 1965, Boeing Vertol sold the manufacturing rights of the 107 to Japanese conglomerate Kawasaki Heavy Industries. Under this arrangement, all Model 107 civilian and military aircraft built in Japan were referred to by the KV 107 designation. On 15 December 2006, Columbia Helicopters, Inc acquired the type certificate for the BV 107-II; at the time, the company was reportedly in the process of acquiring a Production Certificate from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Plans for actual production of the aircraft were not announced.

Design

The Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight is a medium-lift tandem-rotor transport helicopter, furnished with a set of counter-rotating main rotors in a tandem-rotor configuration. It was typically powered by a pair of General Electric T58 turboshaft engines, which were mounted on each side of the rear rotor pedestal; power to the forward rotor was transferred from the rear-mounted engines via a drive shaft. For redundancy, both engines are coupled so that either one would be capable of powering both of the main rotors in the event of a single engine failure or a similar emergency situation. Each of the rotors feature three blades, which can be folded to better facilitate storage and naval operations. The CH-46 features a fixed tricycle landing gear, complete with twin wheels on all three legs of the landing gear; this configuration results in a nose-up stance, helping to facilitate cargo loading and unloading. Two of the main landing gear were installed within protruding rear sponsons; the free interior space of the sponsons are also used to house fuel tanks, possessing a total capacity of 350 US gallons (1,438 L).

The interior of the CH-46 was largely taken up by its cargo bay, complete with a rear loading ramp that could be removed or left open in flight for the carriage of extended cargoes or for parachute drops. Various furnishings were normally provided to aid in its use as a utility rotorcraft, such as an internal winch mounted within the forward cabin, which can be used to assisting loading by pulling external cargo on pallets into the aircraft via the ramp and rollers, and an optionally-attached belly-mounted cargo hook, which would be usually rated at 10,000 lb (4,500 kg) for carrying cargoes externally underneath the Sea Knight; despite the hook having been rated at 10,000 lb (4,500 kg), this was safety restricted to less payload as they got older. When operated in a typical configuration, the CH-46 would usually be operated by a crew of three; a larger crew could be accommodated when required, which would be dependent upon mission specifics. For example, a search and rescue (SAR) variant would usually carry a crew of five (Pilot, Co-Pilot, Crew Chief, Swimmer, and Medic) to facilitate all aspects of such operations. For self-defense, a pintle-mounted 0.50 in (12.7 mm) Browning machine gun could be mounted on each side of the helicopter. Service in southeast Asia resulted in the addition of armor along with the machine guns.

Operational history

United States

Known colloquially as the "Phrog", the Sea Knight was used in all U.S. Marine operational environments between its introduction during the Vietnam War and its frontline retirement in 2014. The type's longevity and reputation for reliability led to mantras such as "phrogs phorever" and "never trust a helicopter under 30". CH-46s transported personnel, evacuated wounded, supplied forward arming and refueling points (FARP), performed vertical replenishment, search and rescue, recovered downed aircraft and crews and other tasks.

Vietnam War

During the Vietnam War, the CH-46 was one of the prime US Marine troop transport helicopters in the theater, slotting between the smaller Bell UH-1 Iroquois and larger Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion. CH-46 operations were plagued by major technical problems; the engines, being prone to foreign object damage (FOD) from debris being ingested when hovering close to the ground and subsequently suffering a compressor stall, had a lifespan as low as 85 flight hours; on 21 July 1966, all CH-46s were grounded until more efficient filters had been fitted.

On 3 May 1967, a CH-46D at Marine Corps Air Facility Santa Ana crashed, killing all four members of the crew. Within three days the accident investigators had determined that the mounting brackets of the main transmission had failed, allowing the front and rear overlapping rotors to intermesh. All CH-46s were temporarily grounded for inspection. On 13 May, a CH-46A crashed off the coast of Vietnam when the tail pylon containing the engines, main transmission and aft rotors broke off in flight. All four crew members were killed. On 20 June, another CH-46A crashed, though two of the four-man crew survived. Once again, even though the aircraft was not recovered from the water, failure of some sort in the rear pylon was suspected. On 30 June a CH-46D at Santa Ana crashed when a rotor blade separated from the aircraft, all three of the crew survived. As a result of this latest accident, all CH-46Ds were immediately grounded, but the CH-46As continued flying. On 3 July another CH-46A crashed in Vietnam, killing all four Marines of its crew. The cause of the crash again was traced to failure of the main transmission.

On 31 August 1967, a CH-46A on a medical evacuation mission to USS Tripoli disintegrated in midair killing all its occupants. The following day another CH-46A experienced a similar incident at Marble Mountain Air Facility leading to the type being grounded for all except emergency situations and cutting Marine airlift capacity in half. An investigation conducted by a joint Naval Air Systems Command/Boeing Vertol accident investigation team revealed that structural failures were occurring in the area of the rear pylon resulting in the rear rotor tearing off in flight and may have been the cause of several earlier losses. The team recommended structural and systems modifications to reinforce the rear rotor mount as well as installation of an indicator to detect excessive strain on critical parts of the aircraft. 80 CH-46As were shipped to Marine Corps Air Station Futenma, Okinawa where they received the necessary modifications by a combined force of Marine and Boeing Vertol personnel. The modified CH-46As began returning to service in December 1967 and all had been returned to service by February 1968.

During the 1972 Easter Offensive, Sea Knights saw heavy use to convey US and South Vietnamese ground forces to and around the front lines. By the end of US military operations in Vietnam, over a hundred Sea Knights had been lost to enemy fire.

Post-Vietnam

In February 1968 the Marine Corps Development and Education Command obtained several CH-46s to perform herbicide dissemination tests using HIDAL (Helicopter, Insecticide Dispersal Apparatus, Liquid) systems; testing indicated the need for redesign and further study. Tandem-rotor helicopters were often used to transport nuclear warheads; the CH-46A was evaluated to deploy Naval Special Forces with the Special Atomic Demolition Munition (SADM). Nuclear Weapon Accident Exercise 1983 (NUWAX-83), simulating the crash of a Navy CH-46E carrying 3 nuclear warheads, was conducted at the Nevada Test Site on behalf of several federal agencies; the exercise, which used real radiological agents, was depicted in a Defense Nuclear Agency-produced documentary.

U.S. Marine CH-46s were used to deploy the 8th Marine Regiment into Grenada during Operation Urgent Fury, evacuated the surviving crewmember of a downed AH-1 Cobra, and then carried infantry from the 75th Ranger Regiment to secure and evacuate U.S. students at the Grand Anse campus of St. George's University, though one crashed after colliding with a palm tree.

CH-46E Sea Knights were also used by the U.S. Marine Corps during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. In one incident on 1 April 2003, Marine CH-46Es and CH-53Es carried U.S. Army Rangers and Special Operations troops on an extraction mission for captured Army Private Jessica Lynch from an Iraqi hospital. During the subsequent occupation of Iraq and counter-insurgency operations, the CH-46E was heavily used in the CASEVAC role, being required to maintain 24/7 availability regardless of conditions. According to authors Williamson Murray and Robert H Scales, the Sea Knight displayed serious reliability and maintenance problems during its deployment to Iraq, as well as "limited lift capabilities". Following the loss of numerous US helicopters in the Iraqi theatre, the Marines opted to equip their CH-46s with more advanced anti-missile countermeasures.

The U.S. Navy retired the type on 24 September 2004, replacing it with the MH-60S Seahawk; the Marine Corps maintained its fleet as the MV-22 Osprey was fielded. In March 2006 Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 263 (HMM-263) was deactivated and redesignated VMM-263 to serve as the first MV-22 squadron. The replacement process continued through the other medium helicopter squadrons into 2014. On 5 October 2014, the Sea Knight performed its final service flight with the U.S. Marine Corps at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. HMM-364 was the last squadron to use it outside the United States, landing it aboard USS America on her maiden transit. On 9 April 2015, the CH-46 was retired by the Marine Medium Helicopter Training Squadron 164, the last Marine Corps squadron to transition to the MV-22. The USMC retired the CH-46 on 1 August 2015 in a ceremony at the Udvar-Hazy Center near Washington DC.

Beginning in April 2011 the Navy's Fleet Readiness Center East began refurbishing retired USMC CH-46Es for service with the United States Department of State Air Wing. A number of CH-46s from HMX-1 were transferred to the Air Wing in late 2014. In Afghanistan the CH-46s were used by Embassy Air for secure transport of State Department personnel. The CH-46s were equipped with missile warning sensors and flare dispensers and could be armed with M240D or M2 Browning machine guns. A report in September 2019 by the State Department Inspector General found that a seat on a CH-46 for a seven-minute flight cost US$1,500. Seven of the CH-46s were rendered unusable and abandoned at Kabul Airport following the 2021 evacuation from Afghanistan.

Canada

The Royal Canadian Air Force procured six CH-113 Labrador helicopters for the SAR role and the Canadian Army acquired 12 of the similar CH-113A Voyageur for the medium-lift transport role. The RCAF Labradors were delivered first with the first one entering service on 11 October 1963. When the larger CH-147 Chinook was procured by the Canadian Forces in the mid-1970s, the Voyageur fleet was converted to Labrador specifications to undertake SAR missions. The refurbished Voyageurs were re-designated as CH-113A Labradors, thus a total of 15 Labradors were ultimately in service.

The Labrador was fitted with a watertight hull for marine landings, a 5,000 kilogram cargo hook and an external rescue hoist mounted over the right front door. It featured a 1,110 kilometer flying range, emergency medical equipment and an 18-person passenger capacity. In multiple instances throughout the 1970s and 1980s, this increased range provided the capability of the CH-113 to provide assistance to U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) missions or perform long range medevacs over distances the USCG helicopters at the time simply could not reach.

In 1981, a mid-life upgrade of the fleet was carried out by Boeing Canada in Arnprior, Ontario. Known as the SAR-CUP (Search and Rescue Capability Upgrade Program), the refit scheme included new instrumentation, a nose-mounted weather radar, a tail-mounted auxiliary power unit, a new high-speed rescue hoist mounted over the side door and front-mounted searchlights. A total of six CH-113s and five CH-113As were upgraded with the last delivered in 1984. Nonetheless, as a search and rescue helicopter it endured heavy use and hostile weather conditions; which had began to take their toll on the Labrador fleet by the 1990s, resulting in increasing maintenance costs and the need for prompt replacement.

In 1992, it was announced that the Labradors were to be replaced by 15 new helicopters, a variant of the AgustaWestland EH101, designated CH-149 Chimo. The order was subsequently cancelled by the Jean Chrétien Liberal government in 1993, resulting in cancellation penalties, as well as extending the service life of the Labrador fleet. However, in 1998, a CH-113 from CFB Greenwood crashed on Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula while returning from a SAR mission, resulting in the deaths of all crewmembers on board. The crash placed pressure upon the government to procure a replacement, thus an order was placed with the manufacturers of the EH101 for 15 aircraft to perform the search-and-rescue mission, designated CH-149 Cormorant. CH-149 deliveries began in 2003, allowing the last CH-113 to be retired in 2004. In October 2005 Columbia Helicopters of Aurora, Oregon purchased eight of the retired CH-113 Labradors to add to their fleet of 15 Vertol 107-II helicopters.

Sweden

In 1963, Sweden procured ten UH-46Bs from the US as a transport and anti-submarine helicopter for the Swedish Armed Forces, designated Hkp 4A. In 1973, a further eight Kawasaki-built KV-107s, which were accordingly designated Hkp 4B, were acquired to replace the older Piasecki H-21. During the Cold War, the fleet's primary missions were anti-submarine warfare and troop transportation. They were also frequently employed in the search and rescue role, most famously during the rescue operation of the MS Estonia after it sank in the Baltic Sea on 28 September 1994. In the 1980s, the Hkp 4A was phased out, having been replaced by the Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma; the later Kawasaki-built Sea Knights continued in operational service until 2011, they were replaced by the UH-60 Black Hawk and NH90.

Civilian and others

The civilian version, designated as the BV 107-II Vertol,[40] was developed prior to the military CH-46. It was operated commercially by New York Airways, Pan American World Airways and later on by Columbia Helicopters.[40] Among the diversity of tasks was pulling a hover barge, and constructing transmission towers for overhead power lines.

In December 2006, Columbia Helicopters purchased the type certificate of the Model 107 from Boeing, with the aim of eventually producing new-build aircraft themselves.

(Wikipedia)

Das USS Midway Museum ist ein Museumsschiff und befindet sich in San Diego, Kalifornien am Navy Pier. Das Museum besteht aus der USS Midway (CV-41) und beinhaltet eine große Auswahl an hauptsächlich im südlichen Kalifornien gebauten Flugzeugen.

Die USS Midway war der dienstälteste Flugzeugträger der US Navy (1945 bis 1992). Über 200.000 Soldaten dienten auf dem Schiff, das an mehreren wichtigen militärischen Einsätzen, darunter auch humanitäre Missionen, beteiligt war. Es ist der einzige Flugzeugträger, der während des kompletten Kalten Krieges im Dienst war. Zurzeit liegt es vor San Diego, dem Geburtsort der Luftmarinegarde und dem ursprünglichen Standort der United States Navy Fighter Weapons School.

Das Schiff öffnete zum ersten Mal als Museum am 7. Juni 2004. Im Jahre 2012 überschritt die jährliche Besucherzahl die Einmillionenmarke und machte die USS Midway somit zum meistbesuchten, noch schwimmenden Marinemuseumsschiff der Welt. Das Museum hat über 13.000 Mitglieder und ist Veranstalter von über 700 Events im Jahr, über 400 davon sind feierliche Verabschiedungen von aktiven Navy Seals, Veteranenehrungen und Ähnliches. Des Weiteren veranstaltet das Museum Exkursionen für Schüler und Studenten, welche von über 50.000 Schülern pro Jahr besucht werden, und Nachtwanderungen für über 5.000 Kindern jährlich. Der Besuch des Schiffes beinhaltet eine ungeführte Audiotour, welche von U.S. Matrosen eingesprochen wurde, und zeigt über 60 Ausstellungsräume, unter anderem Maschinenräume, Schlafräume, die Brücke und das Flugdeck. Auch ausgestellt sind 29 verschiedene Flugzeuge. Weitere Attraktionen wie Cockpit-Besichtigungen, Videos, Flugsimulatoren und eine Tour für jüngere Besucher sind ebenfalls vorhanden. Abgesehen von den Touristen ist das Schiff auch beliebt in der Welt der Medien geworden. So gab es 2012 eine landesweite Ausstrahlung des NCAA-Basketballspiels zwischen der Michigan State University und der Syracuse University. Des Weiteren haben viele Fernsehsender auf dem Schiff verschiedene Serien gedreht, zum Beispiel American Idol, Travel Network, Discovery Channel, FOX News, The Bachelor, Extreme Makeover, History Channel und Military Channel.

(Wikipedia)

Der Boeing-Vertol 107 ist ein mittelschwerer Transporthubschrauber mit zwei Hauptrotoren in Tandemkonfiguration, der bis 2004 bei der US Navy und bis 2015 dem US Marine Corps unter der Bezeichnung CH-46 Sea Knight im Dienst stand. Einziger europäischer Nutzer war bis 2011 Schweden. In Kanada fliegen seit 2005 bei Columbia Helicopters noch einige zivil zugelassene Exemplare, die zuvor bis 2004 von den kanadischen Streitkräften betrieben wurden.

Geschichte

Der Vertol 107 wurde für die Ausschreibung der US Army für einen Transporthubschrauber entwickelt und absolvierte seinen Erstflug unter der Bezeichnung YHC-1A am 22. April 1958. Insgesamt kann er 25 Passagiere transportieren. Der Rumpf war so ausgelegt, dass über die Heckrampe sperrige Frachtstücke oder leichte Geländefahrzeuge eingeladen werden können. Als Marinehubschrauber verfügt er über die Fähigkeit, bei minimalem Wellengang wassern zu können, ohne dass hierfür zusätzliche Schwimmer angebracht werden müssen. Der Rumpf ist entsprechend abgedichtet. Zur Verringerung der Arbeitsbelastung der Besatzung sind eine automatische Trimmung und Blindfluginstrumente eingebaut.

Die US Army interessierte sich nur für das größere Nachfolgermodell, den CH-47 Chinook. Die US Navy hingegen fand Interesse am CH/UH-46, woraufhin der verbesserte CH/UH-46 D mit neuen Turbinen entwickelt wurde. Durch nochmalige Verbesserungen der Triebwerke und der Avionik entstand der CH/UH-46 F, zurzeit läuft das E-Programm, das vorsieht, alle A-Modelle auf den E-Standard zu bringen. Die Navy musterte den Hubschrauber am 4. September 2004 endgültig aus, das USMC plant eine vollständige Ablösung durch das Kipprotorflugzeug Bell-Boeing V-22 im Jahre 2014. Bis zur letzten Fertigung im Februar 1971 wurden 524 Sea Knights gebaut.

Außerhalb der USA wurde der CH-46 bei der kanadischen Marine und Küstenwache unter der Bezeichnung CH-113 Labrador und CH-113A Voyageur eingesetzt und bei der schwedischen Marine unter dem Namen HKP-4, beide Modelle verwendeten Rolls-Royce-Turbinen. Weitere Nutzer sind oder waren Japan (militärisch), Saudi-Arabien und Thailand sowie diverse Airlines wie New York Airways und PanAm.

Kawasaki produzierte den CH-46 unter Lizenz und vertrieb ihn unter der Bezeichnung KV-107/II an zivile Betreiber, wo er unter anderem als Rettungs- und Feuerbekämpfungshubschrauber eingesetzt wurde oder wird.

(Wikipedia)

WILLYS MB by Imagonos

10 2

Der Willys MB, mit der Armeebezeichung ¼-ton 4 × 4 truck,

gilt als der Urahn aller sogenannten „Jeeps“. Er wurde aufgrund einer Ausschreibung der US-amerikanischen Armee ab dem Jahre 1940 entwickelt. Die US-Armee suchte damals ein kleines und geländegängiges Fahrzeug, das relativ billig und in großer Stückzahl hergestellt werden konnte. „Er ist treu wie ein Hund, stark wie ein Maultier und flink wie eine Bergziege“ beschrieben US-Soldaten während des Zweiten Weltkriegs ihr Allzweckfahrzeug.

Quelle: wikipedia

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