View allAll Photos Tagged Absorption
Carbon dioxide (O=C=O) is a greenhouse gas, that absorbs at several wavelengths in the near infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Starting with the linear molecule (top), asymmetric stretching (below top image) at 2349 cm-1 and bending (second from bottom) at 667 cm-1 (this data source Wikipedia). The bending is a degenerate pair mode (direction of vibration orthogonal to each other) and the stretching mode the more intense peak in the spectrum. There is also symmetric stretching (bottom; at 1388 cm−1), but is not detected in the IR spectrum.
The atmospheric infrared absorption causes these molecular vibrations and the molecule re-emits infrared heat in all directions, including downwards to Earth, causing extra warming (in addition to the Sun's radiation). Therefore, CO2 (and other greenhouse gases, e.g. methane from Arctic tundra) acts like a heat blanket. The dense atmosphere of Venus is mostly CO2, so the greenhouse effect is even more extreme, making the surface temperature even more uninhabitable.
It is now scientifically proven that the main cause of excess CO2, causing global warming (and climate change), is human activity: predominantly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. In addition, the excess CO2 is causing a slight decrease in seawater pH (by forming more dissolved carbonic acid), with the combined effect of increasing sea temperatures, affecting some marine life and ecosystems (e.g. coral reefs).
Sonata Vario Acoustic Absorbers Installed to the ceiling at at Kirkby Lonsdale Methodist Chapel to reduce reverberation with the main hall.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
Though it sounds like something a Federation captain may yell shortly after adjusting the phase variance, reversing the polarity, or redirecting something through the deflector array, this is actually the name of delicious food!
I took some nice, large, field mushrooms (champignon, if you're picky and French), and sliced them, then added a bit of salt, and put them in a hot, dry pan long enough to give up a lot of their water and start to get fragrant.
I then added some fresh garlic (from a jar, but it's still good), and the onions, along with a shot of olive oil. I also immediately added the ground meat (mince, if you're a Brit, I suppose). In this case I used pork, but beef or a pork/beef mix would be fine too. Chicken would be interesting, but I've never tried it. I seasoned the meat with pepper (there was already quite a bit of salt from the mushrooms and the onions), and then let it all cook.
When the meat was done to my liking, I added a box of salsa di pomodoro (that's 'tomato sauce' in Italian -- it's a little thicker than a canned sauce, and is really just tomatos, nothing else). I also added a bunch of water. I put in some parsley and some oregano (I was out of basil, so I didn't add it, though I normally would have), and stirred it up. Once it started to bubble, I added my shell pasta to the sauce.
"But you!" I hear you say, "You didn't tell us about pre-cooking the pasta!"
That's because I didn't. Dry pasta goes into the sauce. Leave it there long enough to cook (refer to your package directions). Check and stir every once in a while, make sure there's enough liquid, and add more if too much has boiled off. Keep it covered until the pasta is cooked, then crank the heat and uncover it until the sauce is at the consistency you prefer. Remove from heat, put into a serving dish, sprinkle with grated mozzarella cheese, and enjoy with a side of garlic bread.
By cooking the pasta in the sauce, it absorbs the flavours much better, and is very good. It almost reminds me of lasagna, and I suppose a lot of lasagna these days isn't pre-cooked, but rather cooks in the sauce, so the connection is clear.
Technicians using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) - cation analysis in soil-plant-water samples.
“You have seen nothing yet”, asserts Sinead O’Brien in single Girlkind – and you are inclined to believe her. Building on her arresting releases since 2018, the multifaceted Irish poet, songwriter and performer is ascending into new territory with her debut LP, Time Bend and Break the Bower, released via Chess Club Records.
Demanding a visceral response from her audiences, O’Brien issues a challenge to those who would box her music inside a notion of tradition. Instead, the artist’s poetry – a constant, active absorption of how people speak, communicate and clash in the era we are living through – is an essential clarion call heard in the future.
Communing at the triangulation of words, music and image, O’Brien is a conjurer of powerful worlds: and none are more powerful, or as immersive, as those of Time Bend and Break the Bower. In the space that exists between her delivery – at once wry, silky, vicious, and self-assured – and the music – a dynamic, dancing call-and-response from her collaborators, guitarist Julian Hanson and drummer Oscar Robertson – lies the record’s productive tension. Using a method of creating on-instinct, in constant communication with multisensory cues, O’Brien carves out her own space as a musical oracle for an ever-shifting era. Treading her path as a poet, not a singer, is how O’Brien has forged an identity she feels is truly hers: it is, simply, how the artist has to communicate.
If O’Brien’s delivery alone issues a challenge of genre, of categorisation, what is she telling us with those words? Born in Dublin and raised in Limerick, there are no overtly explicit references to O’Brien’s home country to be found in the new record, but the atmosphere of its landscape is nonetheless found in its lyrical world..On tracks like ‘Girlkind’, and latest single ‘Holy Country’, the narrative builds from abstract memories of home, before O’Brien’s wild current drags us somewhere else entirely, issuing an urgent protest as much as an incantation. In ‘Like Culture’, she carries a poem she began writing when she was 17 – an ode to coming together with friends on dance floors – through with her into the current moment, where the healing power of movement matters now more than ever.
O’Brien wants each word to be heard – to make impact. And she is being heard. Since 2020, O’Brien’s releases – such as 2021’s ‘Kid Stuff’ single, and 2020’s ‘Drowning in Blessings’ EP – have garnered international critical acclaim, from titles like Rolling Stone, DIY, Dazed, Dork, Loud & Quiet, NME, Paste, Stereogum, The FADER, The Guardian, The Quietus, and AnOther Magazine, among others. O’Brien has also been consistently supported on national radio: she counts Jack Saunders at BBC Radio 1, and Steve Lamacq and Amy Lamé at BBC Radio 6 Music, as champions of her music, with the latter station giving two tracks a spot on their B List. And O’Brien is building on her prior US support from the likes of Seattles’ KEXP with appearances at SXSW – in virtual form in 2021, and as she brings her band to Texas itself in spring 2022.
O’Brien has also toured across the UK and Europe at a number of venues and festivals, where she has stamped her unforgettable performance style alongside her musical collaborators – an impact that has led to her being invited to tour with Belle & Sebastian later in 2022. On stage, the raven-haired artist commands attention, demonstrating a kinetic connection with Hanson and Roberston with every sentiment she voices. Live performance is a vital ingredient of O’Brien’s ongoing project – it’s here that her contemporary sonics transform into a unique on-stage vocabulary, one that both seduces and challenges.
With a background on the design teams for John Galliano and, later, Vivienne Westwood, O’Brien’s cultural touchstones also span a rich history of art, photography, film, and dance: from Helmut Newton femme fatales and Henri Cartier-Bresson’s bleak landscapes, to modern movement performance by Michael Clark and Michael Laub companies, to the writings of Virginia Woolf and Samuel Beckett. Recently tapped by Alessandro Michele’s Gucci to perform, it’s clear that O’Brien’s esoteric instincts are inspiring those in spaces beyond the music industry as well as within it.
Relentless, surreal, incendiary, O’Brien operates inside her own atmosphere even as she constantly forms her response to the contemporary world she moves through. In 2022, with the release of her debut album, festival circuit presence, and multiple tour dates, the artist is blazing a trail into the new – always questioning, and asking you to join her.
Iron Man Records will be looking after Tour Management for Sinead O'Brien on her tour dates through September and October. Come and see the band play. If you are already an Iron Man Records Patron, ask if you are after guestlist places. I might be able to find you a ticket or two.
Listen here: sineadobrienpoetry.bandcamp.com/
Barnard 228 is an absorption nebula which is part of the Lupus molecular cloud. B228 is located in the southern constellation Lupus at 500 ly, hence it's named Dark Wolf Nebula.
The image was recorded as a 4 panel mosaic with a total imaging time of 20hrs
Don't know how to use Strong Absorption Baby Diapers ? Here are the steps you need to follow. We have explained each step in detail. Read carefully, follow and make feel your baby comfortable.
“You have seen nothing yet”, asserts Sinead O’Brien in single Girlkind – and you are inclined to believe her. Building on her arresting releases since 2018, the multifaceted Irish poet, songwriter and performer is ascending into new territory with her debut LP, Time Bend and Break the Bower, released via Chess Club Records.
Demanding a visceral response from her audiences, O’Brien issues a challenge to those who would box her music inside a notion of tradition. Instead, the artist’s poetry – a constant, active absorption of how people speak, communicate and clash in the era we are living through – is an essential clarion call heard in the future.
Communing at the triangulation of words, music and image, O’Brien is a conjurer of powerful worlds: and none are more powerful, or as immersive, as those of Time Bend and Break the Bower. In the space that exists between her delivery – at once wry, silky, vicious, and self-assured – and the music – a dynamic, dancing call-and-response from her collaborators, guitarist Julian Hanson and drummer Oscar Robertson – lies the record’s productive tension. Using a method of creating on-instinct, in constant communication with multisensory cues, O’Brien carves out her own space as a musical oracle for an ever-shifting era. Treading her path as a poet, not a singer, is how O’Brien has forged an identity she feels is truly hers: it is, simply, how the artist has to communicate.
If O’Brien’s delivery alone issues a challenge of genre, of categorisation, what is she telling us with those words? Born in Dublin and raised in Limerick, there are no overtly explicit references to O’Brien’s home country to be found in the new record, but the atmosphere of its landscape is nonetheless found in its lyrical world..On tracks like ‘Girlkind’, and latest single ‘Holy Country’, the narrative builds from abstract memories of home, before O’Brien’s wild current drags us somewhere else entirely, issuing an urgent protest as much as an incantation. In ‘Like Culture’, she carries a poem she began writing when she was 17 – an ode to coming together with friends on dance floors – through with her into the current moment, where the healing power of movement matters now more than ever.
O’Brien wants each word to be heard – to make impact. And she is being heard. Since 2020, O’Brien’s releases – such as 2021’s ‘Kid Stuff’ single, and 2020’s ‘Drowning in Blessings’ EP – have garnered international critical acclaim, from titles like Rolling Stone, DIY, Dazed, Dork, Loud & Quiet, NME, Paste, Stereogum, The FADER, The Guardian, The Quietus, and AnOther Magazine, among others. O’Brien has also been consistently supported on national radio: she counts Jack Saunders at BBC Radio 1, and Steve Lamacq and Amy Lamé at BBC Radio 6 Music, as champions of her music, with the latter station giving two tracks a spot on their B List. And O’Brien is building on her prior US support from the likes of Seattles’ KEXP with appearances at SXSW – in virtual form in 2021, and as she brings her band to Texas itself in spring 2022.
O’Brien has also toured across the UK and Europe at a number of venues and festivals, where she has stamped her unforgettable performance style alongside her musical collaborators – an impact that has led to her being invited to tour with Belle & Sebastian later in 2022. On stage, the raven-haired artist commands attention, demonstrating a kinetic connection with Hanson and Roberston with every sentiment she voices. Live performance is a vital ingredient of O’Brien’s ongoing project – it’s here that her contemporary sonics transform into a unique on-stage vocabulary, one that both seduces and challenges.
With a background on the design teams for John Galliano and, later, Vivienne Westwood, O’Brien’s cultural touchstones also span a rich history of art, photography, film, and dance: from Helmut Newton femme fatales and Henri Cartier-Bresson’s bleak landscapes, to modern movement performance by Michael Clark and Michael Laub companies, to the writings of Virginia Woolf and Samuel Beckett. Recently tapped by Alessandro Michele’s Gucci to perform, it’s clear that O’Brien’s esoteric instincts are inspiring those in spaces beyond the music industry as well as within it.
Relentless, surreal, incendiary, O’Brien operates inside her own atmosphere even as she constantly forms her response to the contemporary world she moves through. In 2022, with the release of her debut album, festival circuit presence, and multiple tour dates, the artist is blazing a trail into the new – always questioning, and asking you to join her.
Iron Man Records will be looking after Tour Management for Sinead O'Brien on her tour dates through September and October. Come and see the band play. If you are already an Iron Man Records Patron, ask if you are after guestlist places. I might be able to find you a ticket or two.
Listen here: sineadobrienpoetry.bandcamp.com/
Chard stems are coloured principally by betalain pigments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betalain ) which appear in a number of plants, including the beets.
A good picture of rainbow chard stems can be seen at: www.thespruceeats.com/all-about-rainbow-chard-2216051
which I did not include in the image above for copyright reasons.
The plot shows the reflectance spectra of the various stem colours. There is some residual colouration due to chlorophyll but most results from betacyanins (red to violet) and betaxanthins (yellow to orange).
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
This is a shot of one of the igloo-shaped rooms inside the Aurora Ice Museum @ Chena Hot Springs Resort. The museum has many rooms and is basically a gallery of ice sculptures created by ice carvers -Steve and Heather Brice. It's open year round - one of a kind. It stays cold in the summer months by way of a patented absorption chiller. Very cool - literally!
A red giant whose spectrum is dominated by strong absorption bands of carbon-containing molecules. The Swan bands of C2 are especially prominent, with absorption by CN, CH, C3, SiC2, and C aII present to varying degrees, with often a strong sodium D line.
Carbon stars, also known as C stars, have carbon/oxygen ratios that are typically four to five times higher than those of normal red giants and show little trace of the light metal oxide bands that are the usual red giant hallmark. They resemble S stars in their relative proportion of heavy and light metals, but contain far more carbon in their upper layers. The carbon is likely the dredged-up ashes of nuclear helium burning in the stellar interior. Carbon stars lose a significant fraction of their total mass in the form of a stellar wind which ultimately enriches the interstellar medium – the source of material for future generations of stars.
Carbon stars were previously classified as stars of spectral type R (hotter, with surface temperatures of 4,000 to 5,000 K) and N (up to 10 times more luminous but cooler, with a temperature of about 3,000 K). They are typically associated with some circumstellar material in the form of sooty shells, disks, or clouds.
www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/carbon_star.html
Distance: ~32,615 light years, Magnitude Range: +7.1 to +8.5, Colour Index B-V: +3.9, Period: 340 Days, R.A. & DEC: 19 28 47 +46 02 38, Spectral Type: C4 (N3)
Image details: Date: 17th March 2016
R-Bessell Photometric Filter: 20 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
G-Bessell Photometric Filter: 39 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
B-Bessell Photometric Filter: 86 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
B-V-R folder images were then aligned and stacked to give Master B, V and R images; these were then colour combined in CCDSoft v5
Cherryvalley Observatory (MPC/IAU Code: I83)
CCD Operating Temperature: -37 Degrees Centigrade, Field of View: 46 x 37 arcmins, Pixel Array: 1280 x 1024Pixel Size: 16um x 16 um, Plate Scale: 2.17 arcsec/pixel, 0.2-m SCT+SBIG STL 1301E CCD, f/ratio: 7.6
Date: 17th March 2016
Line graph showing the relative amount of light absorption for the Carotenoid family of photosynthetic pigments at different light wavelengths. Feel Free to use the photo but please don't forget to give credit to www.ledgrowlightshq.co.uk.Thanks!
A hook is attached to one end an absorption tower during its unloading off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Dock workers place some cables onto a giant hook that is attached to a crane during the unloading of an absorption tower off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Sonata Vario Acoustic Absorbers Installed to the ceiling at at Kirkby Lonsdale Methodist Chapel to reduce reverberation with the side room.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
Operation of atomic absorption spectrometer in analytical laboratory
Obsluha atomového absorpčního spektrometru v analyzační laboratoři
Two natural uncut emeralds and a Gilson synthetic cut stone. Like ruby and red spinel, emerald is coloured by chromium. Emerald contains beryllium as an integral part of its crystalline structure (Be_3 Al_2 (SiO_3)_6). Beryllium is a uniquely interesting element since, during the evolution of the universe from the Big Bang, it was not produced by nuclear reactions in stars and supernova explosions like most of the other chemical elements but by the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar gas between the stars.
Pulse oximeters measure light absorption in the finger to noninvasively monitor oxygen saturation and pulse rate.
www.amazon.com/Masimo-Oximeter-Connector-Sensor-Android/d...
Following the Citybus absorption of the New World First operation in 2023, the oldest members of the NWFB Enviro 500 fleet were taken out of service and stored, including all 18 of the initial 12m batch dating from 2008. In an unusual move, a solitary example was returned to service and is often found on the Cross-Harbour 110, as was the case in this view of 5513 turning from Chatham Road South into Cheong Wan Road, Tsim Tsa Tsui.
This image is copyright and must not be reproduced or downloaded without the permission of the photographer.
Origin: Damasraya, West Sumatera
The three 404nm laser-excited spectra illustrate the effect of self-absorption of the fluorescence signal since the red amber absorbs the blue light so strongly even from a shallow depth.
Infrared spectroscopy (green line) of a biodegradable 'plastic' cup, seen in the centre of the photograph, compared with two samples of conventional clear plastic food-wrapping boxes (red and brown line spectra).
The cup is made from corn starch converted to polylactic acid (PLA): see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid
The PLA shows a rich blue fluorescence under LW (UVa) light in contrast with the plastic that glows a pale greenish white.
This annotates the telluric absorption features in the sunset and Lunar eclipse absorption spectra. It shows that the water and dimer (O_4) absorptions are much weaker in the eclipse (Pallé, E. et al. Nature volume 459, pages 814–816 (11 June 2009)) spectra since this samples predominantly the upper atmosphere where these species are rare. The dimer bands require a temporary pairing of oxygen molecules and so their relative abundance depends on the pressure.
An interesting discussion of the effect of ozone on sunrise and sunset sky colour is given by Frédéric Zagury and Mitsugu Fujii (New Astronomy, 2003, 8, p.549-556 ), available at :
The firm workout pant provides comfort along with sweat absorption and drying capabilities, smooth and breathable fabric keep you cool when doing exercises. Get prepared for your classes and daily Yoga practice with the latest styles of ShoppySanta Workout Leggings For Women. Avail This Workout Activewear Leggings For Women At 50% Discounted Prices Exclusively At ShoppySanta. Check out the Hotdeals Section To View Latest Collections Here.
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Just like a bodybuilder, Buzzwole is often seen striking poses that show off its massive, abnormally swollen muscles. The creature’s body covered in red blood-like filled sacs with veins that are said to be as hard as steel. Buzzwole’s crushing power and unbridled rage give way to fearsome physical damage, and worst of all, a stabbing attack from its silver proboscis which can drain and steal opponents’ energy! This giant extra-dimensional anthropomorphic mosquito packs quite a pulverizing punch!
Built for the Ultra Beasts Collab! Find the other powerful Ultra Beasts from these talented builders!
@_ezreel_ as Nihilego
@anderson_builder as Buzzwole
@dv_mocs as Pheromosa
@carecreations_ as Xurkitree
@aidan_jh as Celesteela
@rons_oc as Kartana
@petersheikah as Guzzlord
@space_glove as Nekrozma
@panuvara as Naganadel
@danielbrickson as Stakataka
@brick_diamonds as Blacephalon
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
Bill (1982, www.unige.ch/sciences/chifi/publis/refs_pdf/ref00761.pdf ) demonstrated that the yellow colour of natural fluorite is due to a broad absorption, centred at 440nm, that results from an O3- colour centre (an O3 negative ion replacing two fluorine ions in the CaF2 fluorite structure). While this centre is not locally charge neutral, the charge can be compensated by Na+, Gd3+ and Yb3+ impurity ions.
The O3- produces a vibronic, 'glove-shaped' absorption band with about 8 'fingers' apparent in the transmission spectrum of ~1cm of crystal. The positions of the fingers are not strongly dependent on the nature of the cation in the crystal and Bill compared measurements of O3- in an argon matrix with the finger wavelengths in fluorite. His two sets of fluorite measurements are shown as red and black points marking the band absorption maxima in the plot.
This plot shows three independent measurements (with two spectrometers) of the transmission spectrum of a sample of yellow flourite from the Hilton mine in Cumbria, UK (see the two previous posts). These data have been transformed to absorbance per cm pathlength with the usual uncertainties of scale associated with the internal scattering in the imperfect sample and the difficulty of calibrating the transmission scale. All three measurements show the same pattern of absorption maxima given by Bill.
This O3- molecular ion, known as an ozonide, might be expected to have properties related to its gaseous cousin ozone, notwithstanding their very different local environments. The plot here includes the absorbance spectrum of the atmospheric Chappuis band of ozone corresponding to a pathlength of 8cm (chosen simply to compare at similar scales). The very similar vibronic structure is apparent. This atmospheric absorption band is the dominant physical effect in determining the colour of the twilight sky and is responsible for the very blue light during the hour before sunrise and after sunset commonly referred to by artists as "The Blue Hour". Here we have a beautiful yellow crystal exhibiting an absorption band of similar shape and structure which is shifted from the orange to the deep blue part of the spectrum, resulting in its complimentary colour.
This work was done in collaboration with Cran Cowan.
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
Sonata Duo high performance acoustic absorbers suspended from the ceiling within a classroom at Manorfield School, Central London. Sonata Duo was used to meet the reverberation criteria of BB93 for Schools.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
Sonata Duo high performance acoustic absorbers suspended from the ceiling within a classroom at Manorfield School, Central London. Sonata Duo was used to meet the reverberation criteria of BB93 for Schools.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
The absorption coefficient of the powdered pigment is shown as the light blue line. The three maxima at 530nm, 630nm and 790nm identify absorption from the ground state of the Cu^2+ ions (^2B_1g) to the levels ^2A_1g, ^2E_g and ^2B_2g.
A filtered high-pressure 'energy-saving' Hg bulb provides an excitation source that accesses in particular the ^2E_g level. The filters used here are a Schott OG570 (low-pass) and a BG38 (high-pass). The fluorescence spectrum (EB_Hg, orange line) is observed through a 610nm low-pass filter and shows the resulting infrared fluorescence peaking at 908nm (ambient temperature 26°C).
The pigment has also been excited by three lasers: 404nm, 532nm and 633nm. The fluorescence spectra are shown by the purple, green+turquoise and red lines respectively (stepped by 0.25 units up the vertical scale). Shining the focussed 532nm laser (300mW) directly on the powdered pigment (green line) produced a shifted and broadened fluorescence peak - probably due to local heating of the grains. When diffused with ground glass, the same laser resulted in the turquoise spectrum which is congruent with the other exciters. The three laser spectra have been scaled to have the same peak intensity but the efficiency of excitation is in the order of 404nm (lowest; actually very low), 532nm and 633nm, the latter wavelength being optimum to excite the Cu^2+ ion to the upper level (^2E_g) of the 910nm fluorescence.
The wavelengths of the three lasers are shown schematically in the figure.
The 'rough' structure near the peak of the 633nm laser-excited fluorescence peak (890-950nm) is real and may be due to diffraction effects from the powdered pigment surface. This effect can also be seen in the (green curve) spectrum from the direct 532nm laser but not in the (turquoise curve) diffused laser spectrum which is very smooth.
The temperature dependence (below 300K) of the peak fluorescence wavelength has beed addressed by Yixi Zhuang and Setsuhisa Tanabe, "Forward and back energy transfer between Cu21 and Yb31 in Ca12xCuSi4O10:Ybx crystals", J. Appl. Phys. 112, 093521, 2012. This indicates that, around room temperature, there is a redwards shift of approximately 2nm per 10°C increase. This implies that my green laser was heating the powdered sample to about 100°C.
- MERINO sheepskin lining offers all of the advantages of wool over synthetic fibers, providing efficient shock absorption and superior thermal comfort. Sheepskin contains lanolin, a natural substance, which soothes the horse's sensitive or inflamed skin. When sheepskin is set directly against the animal's body, it stimulates blood circulation and promotes a therapeutic effect.
- The Non-Slip mesh upper assures perfect grip and steadily secures the MerinoLUX Half-Pad under the saddle.
- Breathable 3-Dimensional Spacer fabric reduces heat build-up and provides excellent moisture vapor transfer.
- The black non-slip mesh is not visible under the saddle, conforming to the FEI rules and regulations.
- Optimum thickness of the MerinoLUX Half-Pad does not compromise the fit of the saddle.
A couple of dock workers attach a hook onto an absorption tower so that it can be unloaded off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
The shows the use of an Ocean Optics USB4000 digital spectrometer to obtain a blue-UV spectrum of a clear blue sky at sunset. Such spectrometers are used extensively for atmospheric measurements - especially for the study of gases in volcanic plumes such as sulphur dioxide and bromium monoxide that have absorption bands in this spectral region.
The blue line spectrum here was obtained in Munich during the evening of the 22 August 2014 using an optical fibre pointed towards the NE at an altitude of about 60°. What is plotted is the ratio of the sky spectrum when the Sun was on the horizon to the spectrum obtained earlier with a Solar altitude of 19°. Such a ratio will remove most (but see below) of the Solar (Fraunhofer) spectral lines and leave what we call the 'telluric' spectrum: the extinction caused by the passage of the Sunlight through the Earth's atmosphere.
This telluric spectrum has been modelled (orange line) using the published X-sections (absorption coefficients) of the molecules O3 (ozone), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and O4 (the Collision Induced Absorption produced by the O2.O2 'dimer'). There is also a smooth spectral slope produced by the molecular (Rayleigh) scattering by molecules and the Mie scattering produced by aerosols: this has been modelled over this spectral range using a simple power-law in wavelength. Note that the observed (blue) spectrum has been shifted upwards by 0.1 transmission units for clarity of presentation.
The 'rippled' cut-off below 350nm is caused by the Huggins band of ozone - the gas that protects us from hazardous UV radiation. Ozone also has a much weaker absorption , the Chappuis band, that has some effect at the longest wavelengths in this spectrum. The nitrogen dioxide, in this case probably a pollutant produced by engine exhausts around the city, is apparent as the haze of weak absorption bands mostly between about 400 and 500nm. The O4 only has a small effect here at a wavelength of 476nm.
The two most obvious discrepancies between the observation and the model are marked with the pink rectangles on the plot. On the left, the two strong Fraunhofer lines (H & K) produced in the Solar atmosphere by ionized calcium appear in 'emission' in the ratio spectrum. This is due to Raman scattering on the Earths atmosphere, a process called the 'Ring effect' that has been discussed in another of my posts. The one on the right is produced by a weak absorption band of water between 500 and 510nm that is not included in this model: the strong water bands are further to the red.
A simple model of this kind produces estimates of the column densities of molecular absorbers and scatterers that affect the transfer of light through the atmosphere.
During the passage of the remnants of hurricane bertha across Munich at 10:30 local time on the 11th August 2014, I obtained a spectrum of the relatively heavy overcast sky. The spectrometer fibre was pointed at an altitude of about 60° towards the NE. Using the same process as for the thundercloud reported in a recent post, I can show that the photon pathlength within the cloud in this case is around 30km rather than the over 100km seen in the thundercloud.
The water absorptions, while strong, are also weaker than in the thundercloud. The cloud is still bluer than direct sunlight but the spectrum has a shallower slope in the visible spectrum with a power-law* slope of approximately -1.1 (cf -2 for the thundercloud and -4 for Rayleigh scattering).
The brightness ratio at 600nm of this spectrum to the thundercloud is measured to be 23.5.
Another interesting thing to note in these spectra is that the CaII H & K absorption lines (the strong doublet between 390 and 400nm) appear weakly in 'emission' in the ratio spectrum. This is due to the 'Ring effect'. The light scattering of sunlight from air molecules in the atmosphere is mostly elastic (no wavelength change): the Rayleigh scattering that makes the blue sky. A small fraction of the photons, however, scatter inelastically giving (usually) energy to the molecule and producing scattered light that is a bit redder. This is called Raman scattering - after the first Indian Nobel laureate in physics, Sir C V Raman - which is able to take light from brighter parts of the spectrum and transfer some of it into the absorption lines and so making them shallower. When you take the ratio of this to the direct light from the Sun, the lines show up apparently in 'emission'. This is seen clearly in this and in the thundercloud spectrum.
*although the power-law is not such a good fit in this case (except in the middle of the visible spectrum).
A "Versabar" lift apparatus is being used during the unloading of an absorption tower off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Absorption spectrum of the sky made with my DIY spectroscope. A 650 nm red laser spectrum is overlapped for reference.
Gone are the days of CKPR (Cockermouth Keswick and Penrith Railway), before absorption into the LMSl and grouping.
The LNWR had running powers over the line for many years before grouping in 1923, but did not absorb the CKPR: click here... ... for Wikipedia article.
Originally a full station yard, 3 platforms, 4 tracks (one passing); quite a set up. Now a deserted platform used as part of the adjoining CKPR built railway hotel.
And now.... - just a lone platform part subsumed into the original CK&PR hotel, surrounded by a car park.
(Photo taken 2006_05_24)
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