View allAll Photos Tagged Absorption
The Hague
April 2012
The Netherlands
Urban life in the Netherlands
Ricoh GRD IV
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Chard stems are coloured principally by betalain pigments ( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betalain ) which appear in a number of plants, including the beets.
A good picture of rainbow chard stems can be seen at: www.thespruceeats.com/all-about-rainbow-chard-2216051
which I did not include in the image above for copyright reasons.
The plot shows the reflectance spectra of the various stem colours. There is some residual colouration due to chlorophyll but most results from betacyanins (red to violet) and betaxanthins (yellow to orange).
Line graph showing the relative amount of light absorption for the Carotenoid family of photosynthetic pigments at different light wavelengths. Feel Free to use the photo but please don't forget to give credit to www.ledgrowlightshq.co.uk.Thanks!
This is a shot of one of the igloo-shaped rooms inside the Aurora Ice Museum @ Chena Hot Springs Resort. The museum has many rooms and is basically a gallery of ice sculptures created by ice carvers -Steve and Heather Brice. It's open year round - one of a kind. It stays cold in the summer months by way of a patented absorption chiller. Very cool - literally!
Operation of atomic absorption spectrometer in analytical laboratory
Obsluha atomového absorpčního spektrometru v analyzační laboratoři
A red giant whose spectrum is dominated by strong absorption bands of carbon-containing molecules. The Swan bands of C2 are especially prominent, with absorption by CN, CH, C3, SiC2, and C aII present to varying degrees, with often a strong sodium D line.
Carbon stars, also known as C stars, have carbon/oxygen ratios that are typically four to five times higher than those of normal red giants and show little trace of the light metal oxide bands that are the usual red giant hallmark. They resemble S stars in their relative proportion of heavy and light metals, but contain far more carbon in their upper layers. The carbon is likely the dredged-up ashes of nuclear helium burning in the stellar interior. Carbon stars lose a significant fraction of their total mass in the form of a stellar wind which ultimately enriches the interstellar medium – the source of material for future generations of stars.
Carbon stars were previously classified as stars of spectral type R (hotter, with surface temperatures of 4,000 to 5,000 K) and N (up to 10 times more luminous but cooler, with a temperature of about 3,000 K). They are typically associated with some circumstellar material in the form of sooty shells, disks, or clouds.
www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/carbon_star.html
Distance: ~32,615 light years, Magnitude Range: +7.1 to +8.5, Colour Index B-V: +3.9, Period: 340 Days, R.A. & DEC: 19 28 47 +46 02 38, Spectral Type: C4 (N3)
Image details: Date: 17th March 2016
R-Bessell Photometric Filter: 20 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
G-Bessell Photometric Filter: 39 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
B-Bessell Photometric Filter: 86 seconds x5 exposures, flat fielded, aligned and median combined
B-V-R folder images were then aligned and stacked to give Master B, V and R images; these were then colour combined in CCDSoft v5
Cherryvalley Observatory (MPC/IAU Code: I83)
CCD Operating Temperature: -37 Degrees Centigrade, Field of View: 46 x 37 arcmins, Pixel Array: 1280 x 1024Pixel Size: 16um x 16 um, Plate Scale: 2.17 arcsec/pixel, 0.2-m SCT+SBIG STL 1301E CCD, f/ratio: 7.6
Date: 17th March 2016
A hook is attached to one end an absorption tower during its unloading off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Dock workers place some cables onto a giant hook that is attached to a crane during the unloading of an absorption tower off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Sonata Vario Acoustic Absorbers Installed to the ceiling at at Kirkby Lonsdale Methodist Chapel to reduce reverberation with the side room.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
Sonata Vario Absorption panels in 'Stone' installed within the school hall at St Bernadettes School. Installation of the panels to the ceiling was carried out by Floorscan Acoustics Ltd. Reverberation within the hall was considerably reduced using this treatment.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
This high-quality, hypoallergenic, multivitamin/mineral blend includes a number of patented forms of key vitamins and minerals. Independent research has shown that the patented ingredients in ScoliPAX for Adults have superior absorption and activity.
Scoliosis patients who want to support their general well-being, mineral nutrition, and glucose/insulin metabolism, as well as those who need to replace minerals lost through intense exercise, increased excretion, or absorption challenges may benefit from our ScoliPAX for Adults.
ScoliPAX for Adults also contains a combination of probiotic bacteria that supports the immune and gastrointestinal systems. It is formulated with ten billion live organisms per capsule† and provides well-researched strains chosen for their ability to maintain viability throughout the small intestine. The three strains in Probio Defense are registered in the National Collection of Microorganism Cultures at the Institut Pasteur in France. Selenium and zinc are also present to provide antioxidant support, help balance intestinal flora, and stimulate the body’s natural immune defenses.
Learn more - www.treatingscoliosis.com/testing-nutrient-therapies-adults/
Color of Life note
Biofluorescence results from the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at one wavelength by an organism, followed by its reemission at a longer and lower energy wavelength, visually resulting in green, orange, and red emission coloration. Many species of mantis shrimp, for example, make use of fluorescent body parts when in threat display in order to intimidate or confuse either a predator or a competing male.
Ref: Color sources, California Academy of Sciences Docent program May 2015
PLOS one Biofluorescence journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone...
TAXONOMY
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum:Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Stomatopoda
Family: Odontodactylidae
Genus/species: Odontodactylus scyllarus
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: Beautifully colored in peacock colors of greens, blues, and reds. Has a green body, blue head, green antennal scales, red limbs. The body is elongated with a long, flattened , blue tail and ranges in size from 3–18 cm (1.2-7.0 in). Highly noticeable is the pair of clubbed-shaped, praying mantis-like claws.
DISTRIBUTION/HABITATS: Indo-Pacific Habitat: warm salt water and builds U-shaped burrows in gravel substrates. Depth ranges from 3-40 m (10-131 ft).
DIET IN THE WILD: Feeds on other shrimp, worms, snails, crabs, mollusks. Lies in wait for prey in front of burrow, then swims out and quickly crushes prey with a strong, powerful smash. The claw moves so quickly it generates cavitation bubbles, which explode with a second powerful burst. The speed with which the claw moves through the watergenerates a force 100 times the shrimp’s body weight.
REPRODUCTION: Monogamous. O. scyllarus mate, spawn, brood, and hatch their eggs in their burrows.
LONGEVITY: Often live in pairs for their entire lifetime (4-6 years).
PREDATORS: Yellow Fin tuna
CONSERVATION: IUCN Not Evaluated
REMARKS: Large peacock mantis shrimp generate forces powerful enough to crush the shell of a large conch, and have been known in captivity to break the glass of their tanks! Striking speed of 50+ mph.
The amazingly complex eyes of mantis shrimp detect 12 base colors (compared to our 3). They also can discern ultraviolet, infrared frequencies, and the polarization of light!
Water Planet Sensing AQJ16
References
California Academy of Sciences Steinhart Aquarium Water Planet, Senses Cluster (Sight) 2016
Animal Diversity Web animaldiversity.org/accounts/Odontodactylus_scyllarus/
Ron's Wordpress shortlink wp.me/p1DZ4b-We
Ron's flickr www.flickr.com/photos/cas_docents/sets/72157608602469734/
9-8-11, 4-22-13, 8-17-15, 2016
Pulse oximeters measure light absorption in the finger to noninvasively monitor oxygen saturation and pulse rate.
www.amazon.com/Masimo-Oximeter-Connector-Sensor-Android/d...
Infrared spectroscopy (green line) of a biodegradable 'plastic' cup, seen in the centre of the photograph, compared with two samples of conventional clear plastic food-wrapping boxes (red and brown line spectra).
The cup is made from corn starch converted to polylactic acid (PLA): see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylactic_acid
The PLA shows a rich blue fluorescence under LW (UVa) light in contrast with the plastic that glows a pale greenish white.
The firm workout pant provides comfort along with sweat absorption and drying capabilities, smooth and breathable fabric keep you cool when doing exercises. Get prepared for your classes and daily Yoga practice with the latest styles of ShoppySanta Workout Leggings For Women. Avail This Workout Activewear Leggings For Women At 50% Discounted Prices Exclusively At ShoppySanta. Check out the Hotdeals Section To View Latest Collections Here.
To know more details visit- bit.ly/2Jg0UsZ
This annotates the telluric absorption features in the sunset and Lunar eclipse absorption spectra. It shows that the water and dimer (O_4) absorptions are much weaker in the eclipse (Pallé, E. et al. Nature volume 459, pages 814–816 (11 June 2009)) spectra since this samples predominantly the upper atmosphere where these species are rare. The dimer bands require a temporary pairing of oxygen molecules and so their relative abundance depends on the pressure.
An interesting discussion of the effect of ozone on sunrise and sunset sky colour is given by Frédéric Zagury and Mitsugu Fujii (New Astronomy, 2003, 8, p.549-556 ), available at :
Bill (1982, www.unige.ch/sciences/chifi/publis/refs_pdf/ref00761.pdf ) demonstrated that the yellow colour of natural fluorite is due to a broad absorption, centred at 440nm, that results from an O3- colour centre (an O3 negative ion replacing two fluorine ions in the CaF2 fluorite structure). While this centre is not locally charge neutral, the charge can be compensated by Na+, Gd3+ and Yb3+ impurity ions.
The O3- produces a vibronic, 'glove-shaped' absorption band with about 8 'fingers' apparent in the transmission spectrum of ~1cm of crystal. The positions of the fingers are not strongly dependent on the nature of the cation in the crystal and Bill compared measurements of O3- in an argon matrix with the finger wavelengths in fluorite. His two sets of fluorite measurements are shown as red and black points marking the band absorption maxima in the plot.
This plot shows three independent measurements (with two spectrometers) of the transmission spectrum of a sample of yellow flourite from the Hilton mine in Cumbria, UK (see the two previous posts). These data have been transformed to absorbance per cm pathlength with the usual uncertainties of scale associated with the internal scattering in the imperfect sample and the difficulty of calibrating the transmission scale. All three measurements show the same pattern of absorption maxima given by Bill.
This O3- molecular ion, known as an ozonide, might be expected to have properties related to its gaseous cousin ozone, notwithstanding their very different local environments. The plot here includes the absorbance spectrum of the atmospheric Chappuis band of ozone corresponding to a pathlength of 8cm (chosen simply to compare at similar scales). The very similar vibronic structure is apparent. This atmospheric absorption band is the dominant physical effect in determining the colour of the twilight sky and is responsible for the very blue light during the hour before sunrise and after sunset commonly referred to by artists as "The Blue Hour". Here we have a beautiful yellow crystal exhibiting an absorption band of similar shape and structure which is shifted from the orange to the deep blue part of the spectrum, resulting in its complimentary colour.
This work was done in collaboration with Cran Cowan.
Line graph showing the relative amounts of light absorption at different light wavelengths of the photosynthetic pigment family known as the Cryptochromes. Feel Free to use the photo but please don't forget to give credit to www.ledgrowlightshq.co.uk.Thanks!
During the passage of the remnants of hurricane bertha across Munich at 10:30 local time on the 11th August 2014, I obtained a spectrum of the relatively heavy overcast sky. The spectrometer fibre was pointed at an altitude of about 60° towards the NE. Using the same process as for the thundercloud reported in a recent post, I can show that the photon pathlength within the cloud in this case is around 30km rather than the over 100km seen in the thundercloud.
The water absorptions, while strong, are also weaker than in the thundercloud. The cloud is still bluer than direct sunlight but the spectrum has a shallower slope in the visible spectrum with a power-law* slope of approximately -1.1 (cf -2 for the thundercloud and -4 for Rayleigh scattering).
The brightness ratio at 600nm of this spectrum to the thundercloud is measured to be 23.5.
Another interesting thing to note in these spectra is that the CaII H & K absorption lines (the strong doublet between 390 and 400nm) appear weakly in 'emission' in the ratio spectrum. This is due to the 'Ring effect'. The light scattering of sunlight from air molecules in the atmosphere is mostly elastic (no wavelength change): the Rayleigh scattering that makes the blue sky. A small fraction of the photons, however, scatter inelastically giving (usually) energy to the molecule and producing scattered light that is a bit redder. This is called Raman scattering - after the first Indian Nobel laureate in physics, Sir C V Raman - which is able to take light from brighter parts of the spectrum and transfer some of it into the absorption lines and so making them shallower. When you take the ratio of this to the direct light from the Sun, the lines show up apparently in 'emission'. This is seen clearly in this and in the thundercloud spectrum.
*although the power-law is not such a good fit in this case (except in the middle of the visible spectrum).
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
Sonata Duo high performance acoustic absorbers suspended from the ceiling within a classroom at Manorfield School, Central London. Sonata Duo was used to meet the reverberation criteria of BB93 for Schools.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
Sonata Duo high performance acoustic absorbers suspended from the ceiling within a classroom at Manorfield School, Central London. Sonata Duo was used to meet the reverberation criteria of BB93 for Schools.
www.soundreduction.co.uk/Products/Sound-Absorption-Soluti...
The absorption coefficient of the powdered pigment is shown as the light blue line. The three maxima at 530nm, 630nm and 790nm identify absorption from the ground state of the Cu^2+ ions (^2B_1g) to the levels ^2A_1g, ^2E_g and ^2B_2g.
A filtered high-pressure 'energy-saving' Hg bulb provides an excitation source that accesses in particular the ^2E_g level. The filters used here are a Schott OG570 (low-pass) and a BG38 (high-pass). The fluorescence spectrum (EB_Hg, orange line) is observed through a 610nm low-pass filter and shows the resulting infrared fluorescence peaking at 908nm (ambient temperature 26°C).
The pigment has also been excited by three lasers: 404nm, 532nm and 633nm. The fluorescence spectra are shown by the purple, green+turquoise and red lines respectively (stepped by 0.25 units up the vertical scale). Shining the focussed 532nm laser (300mW) directly on the powdered pigment (green line) produced a shifted and broadened fluorescence peak - probably due to local heating of the grains. When diffused with ground glass, the same laser resulted in the turquoise spectrum which is congruent with the other exciters. The three laser spectra have been scaled to have the same peak intensity but the efficiency of excitation is in the order of 404nm (lowest; actually very low), 532nm and 633nm, the latter wavelength being optimum to excite the Cu^2+ ion to the upper level (^2E_g) of the 910nm fluorescence.
The wavelengths of the three lasers are shown schematically in the figure.
The 'rough' structure near the peak of the 633nm laser-excited fluorescence peak (890-950nm) is real and may be due to diffraction effects from the powdered pigment surface. This effect can also be seen in the (green curve) spectrum from the direct 532nm laser but not in the (turquoise curve) diffused laser spectrum which is very smooth.
The temperature dependence (below 300K) of the peak fluorescence wavelength has beed addressed by Yixi Zhuang and Setsuhisa Tanabe, "Forward and back energy transfer between Cu21 and Yb31 in Ca12xCuSi4O10:Ybx crystals", J. Appl. Phys. 112, 093521, 2012. This indicates that, around room temperature, there is a redwards shift of approximately 2nm per 10°C increase. This implies that my green laser was heating the powdered sample to about 100°C.
Gone are the days of CKPR (Cockermouth Keswick and Penrith Railway), before absorption into the LMSl and grouping.
The LNWR had running powers over the line for many years before grouping in 1923, but did not absorb the CKPR: click here... ... for Wikipedia article.
Originally a full station yard, 3 platforms, 4 tracks (one passing); quite a set up. Now a deserted platform used as part of the adjoining CKPR built railway hotel.
And now.... - just a lone platform part subsumed into the original CK&PR hotel, surrounded by a car park.
(Photo taken 2006_05_24)
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- MERINO sheepskin lining offers all of the advantages of wool over synthetic fibers, providing efficient shock absorption and superior thermal comfort. Sheepskin contains lanolin, a natural substance, which soothes the horse's sensitive or inflamed skin. When sheepskin is set directly against the animal's body, it stimulates blood circulation and promotes a therapeutic effect.
- The Non-Slip mesh upper assures perfect grip and steadily secures the MerinoLUX Half-Pad under the saddle.
- Breathable 3-Dimensional Spacer fabric reduces heat build-up and provides excellent moisture vapor transfer.
- The black non-slip mesh is not visible under the saddle, conforming to the FEI rules and regulations.
- Optimum thickness of the MerinoLUX Half-Pad does not compromise the fit of the saddle.
A couple of dock workers attach a hook onto an absorption tower so that it can be unloaded off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
The shows the use of an Ocean Optics USB4000 digital spectrometer to obtain a blue-UV spectrum of a clear blue sky at sunset. Such spectrometers are used extensively for atmospheric measurements - especially for the study of gases in volcanic plumes such as sulphur dioxide and bromium monoxide that have absorption bands in this spectral region.
The blue line spectrum here was obtained in Munich during the evening of the 22 August 2014 using an optical fibre pointed towards the NE at an altitude of about 60°. What is plotted is the ratio of the sky spectrum when the Sun was on the horizon to the spectrum obtained earlier with a Solar altitude of 19°. Such a ratio will remove most (but see below) of the Solar (Fraunhofer) spectral lines and leave what we call the 'telluric' spectrum: the extinction caused by the passage of the Sunlight through the Earth's atmosphere.
This telluric spectrum has been modelled (orange line) using the published X-sections (absorption coefficients) of the molecules O3 (ozone), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) and O4 (the Collision Induced Absorption produced by the O2.O2 'dimer'). There is also a smooth spectral slope produced by the molecular (Rayleigh) scattering by molecules and the Mie scattering produced by aerosols: this has been modelled over this spectral range using a simple power-law in wavelength. Note that the observed (blue) spectrum has been shifted upwards by 0.1 transmission units for clarity of presentation.
The 'rippled' cut-off below 350nm is caused by the Huggins band of ozone - the gas that protects us from hazardous UV radiation. Ozone also has a much weaker absorption , the Chappuis band, that has some effect at the longest wavelengths in this spectrum. The nitrogen dioxide, in this case probably a pollutant produced by engine exhausts around the city, is apparent as the haze of weak absorption bands mostly between about 400 and 500nm. The O4 only has a small effect here at a wavelength of 476nm.
The two most obvious discrepancies between the observation and the model are marked with the pink rectangles on the plot. On the left, the two strong Fraunhofer lines (H & K) produced in the Solar atmosphere by ionized calcium appear in 'emission' in the ratio spectrum. This is due to Raman scattering on the Earths atmosphere, a process called the 'Ring effect' that has been discussed in another of my posts. The one on the right is produced by a weak absorption band of water between 500 and 510nm that is not included in this model: the strong water bands are further to the red.
A simple model of this kind produces estimates of the column densities of molecular absorbers and scatterers that affect the transfer of light through the atmosphere.
It never occurred to me that it might not be, so I've already tried it out and shot some sunspots with it. But then I started reading all the terrible warnings about not using a real solar filter, risking melting my camera sensor, and so on, because ordinary photographic ND filters didn't necessarily stop IR, just visible light. I also discovered that those few ordinary photographic ND filter makers who bother to specify IR transmision specify it being blocked as well as the visible light. Plus a few knowledgeable optical lab people who said that at least most ordinary ND filters were also IR safe. So I googled for tales of people melting their cameras etc. by ignorantly using an ordinary ND filter to photograph the sun. All I could find were stories of people who had caused damage by obvious stupidity, such as not using any filter at all, or mounting the filter at the end of the optical path instead of the beginning.
I'm starting to suspect all these dire warnings about ordinary photographic filters may be no more then urban rumours propagated by people who don't know and have no confidence in their own native ability to find out.
To get an initial feel for the IR blocking capabilities of my XCSource big stoppers I measured the temperature of a small portable gas soldering iron bit using a remote temperature sensor. It measured 241 degrees C. I then put the big stopper in between the tip and the sensor. The temperature measured the ambient room temperature, not even a tenth of a degree above.
So far so encouraging! But not conclusive. More experiments later.
Original: DSC09935X
A "Versabar" lift apparatus is being used during the unloading of an absorption tower off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Bird lovers, listen up! There is finally a way to soundproof a bird cage safely and effectively, without jeopardizing the happiness of your pet. Audimute Sound Absorption Sheets can be used to cover 2 sides of a bird cage, as well as a couple walls and even the doorway. They're portable and easy to hang and remove. By absorbing the mid and high frequencies, Sound Absorption Sheets make the screaming of birds tolerable, which in turn allows you to train them that there are other ways of getting your attention.
Visit audimutesoundproofing.com or quietparrothappyowner.com to learn more. If you want to discuss your own application, give us a call at 866-505-MUTE!
Absorption spectrum of the sky made with my DIY spectroscope. A 650 nm red laser spectrum is overlapped for reference.
AirDrain Agronomic Natural Grass Drainage at the Chesapeake Energy Roof Top Sports Field
74,000 sqft. Natural Grass Field
Benefits of AirDrain in a green roofing system include:
AirDrain creates and helps maintain a constant Gmax for artificial turf (See below)
Thickness and resin consistency of AirDrain provides uniform shock absorbency
Shock absorption reduces the strain on joints and ligaments
AirDrain is only limited by the drainage capacity of the profile above it
Installation time measured in days instead of weeks
AirDrain can be reused when the artificial turf must be replaced
Water harvesting reclamation and reuse
Helps qualify for LEED and other green building credits
A smaller carbon and development footprint with reduced site disturbance
100% vertical drainage under the entire field surface
Minimizes water related injuries / Less infill migration due to superior drainage
AirDrain is a 100% recycled product
Less infill migration due to superior drainage
GMAX Information Existing Conditions for Testing
Turf - 2 1/2” Slit Film, in filled with 50% Green Rubber Infill and 50% Silica Sand.
The drainage/shock pad and turf underlying substrate consists of a concrete deck/rooftop, coated with a waterproof membrane and 10 ounce 100% recycled polyester geo-textile filter fabric.
The Standard Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Playing Surface Systems and Materials (ASTM F1936-98 American Football Field) testing locations and procedure were preformed. The tests were performed using a Triax 2000 A-1 Missile, tripod mounted Gmax registration unit(www.triax2000.com). This report presents background information on the test procedures, existing conditions, test results and observations in football, baseball, softball, soccer, lacrosse, and field hockey artificial sports fields.
The environmental impact of a green roof is undenyable, and adds significantly to the LEED Point system designed by the USGC in all five major areas: sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality. Green roofing replaces the green space displaced by a building, prevents excess storm water drainage, reduces the temperature of a building and the urban heat island effect, protects and extends the useful life of a roof, and reduce energy demands.
What's more, a green roof incorporating AirDrain means your design includes renewable, recycled, and locally obtained materials. We know you have a choice in designing a green roof, and we hope you consider the many benefits of AirDrain.
A typical AirDrain green roof
Of limited interest I accept. this plasterboard panelling is slotted to provide acoustic absorption. It means that the huge Grand Arcade shopping mall in Cambridge doesn't sound like a toilet. It is often seen in atria, and is being increasingly used as corridor ceilings in schools, and communal corridors in housing.
Flying Scotsman at Great Yarmouth as part of the locomotives 100th. anniversary celebrations.
The Flying Scotsman has been described as the world's most famous steam locomotive
In July 1922, the Great Northern Railway (GNR) filed Engine Order No. 297 which gave the green-light for ten Class A1 4-6-2 'Pacific' locomotives to be built at the Doncaster Works. Designed by Nigel Gresley, the A1's were built to haul mainline and later express passenger trains and following the GNR's absorption into the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) after the amalgamation of 1923, A1's became a standard design. Flying Scotsman cost £7,944 to build, and was the first engine delivered to the newly formed LNER. It entered service on 24th. February 1923, carrying the GNR number of 1472 as the LNER had not yet decided on a numbering scheme. In February 1924 the locomotive acquired its name after the LNER's Flying Scotsman express service between London King's Cross and Edinburgh Waverley, and was assigned a new number, 4472.
Flying Scotsman became a flagship locomotive for the LNER, representing the company at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Park in 1924 and 1925. In 1928, the LNER decided to make The Flying Scotsman a non-stop service for the first time. 4472 became one of five A1's selected for the service, and hauled the inaugural service on 1st. May where it completed the journey in 8 hours and 3 minutes. For this, the locomotives ran with an upgraded tender which held nine long tons of coal and was fitted with a corridor connecting the footplate to the carriages, so a change of driver and fireman could take place while the train was moving. By replenishing water from the water trough system several times en route, these modifications allowed the A1's to travel the 392 miles (631 km) without stopping. Flying Scotsman ran with its corridor tender until October 1936, after which it reverted to the original type. In 1938, it was paired with a streamlined non-corridor tender, and ran with this type until its withdrawal in 1963.
On 30th. November 1934, Flying Scotsman became the first steam locomotive to reach the officially authenticated speed of 100 mph (161 km/h), while hauling a light test train between Leeds and London, and the publicity conscious LNER made much of the fact. Although the Great Western Railway's 3440 City of Truro was reported to have reached the same speed in 1904, the record was unreliable.
Following the success of Gresley's streamlined Class A4's introduced in 1935, Flying Scotsman was relegated to lesser duties but still worked on the main line and hauling passenger services. In 1943, as with all railway stock during World War II, the locomotive was painted black. In 1946, it was renumbered twice by Gresley's successor Edward Thompson, who devised a comprehensive renumbering scheme for the LNER. 4472 was initially assigned number 502, but an amendment to the system several months later led to its renumbering of 103.
In 1928, Gresley began to modify the A1's into an improved version, the Class A3, on a gradual basis. In 1945, the remaining unmodified A1's, which included Flying Scotsman, were reclassified as A10. 103 emerged as an A3 on 4 January 1947 with its original Apple Green livery. Its old 180 psi boiler was replaced with a 225 psi version and it was fitted with more efficient valves and cylinders.
Following the nationalisation of Britain's railways on 1st. January 1948, Flying Scotsman was renumbered E103 for several months, before almost all of the LNER locomotive numbers were increased by 60000, and Flying Scotsman became 60103 that December. Between 1949 and 1952 she wore a BR Express Blue livery, after which it was painted in BR Brunswick Green. On 4th. June 1950, now under British Railways ownership, Flying Scotsman was allocated to its new base at Leicester Central on the Great Central Railway, running passenger services to and from London Marylebone, London St Pancras, Leicester, Sheffield, and Manchester.
60103 returned to the East Coast Main Line in 1953, initially based in Grantham, before returning to London King's Cross in the following year. In December 1958, the locomotive was fitted with a double Kylchap chimney to improve performance and economy, but it caused soft exhaust and smoke drift that tended to obscure the driver's forward vision. The remedy was found in the German type smoke deflectors fitted at the end of 1961.
Amid rumours that British Railways would scrap Flying Scotsman, the Gresley A3 Preservation Society failed to raise the £3,000 to buy it. Businessman and railway enthusiast Alan Pegler stepped in and bought the locomotive for £3,500. Flying Scotsman ended service for British Railways on 14th. January 1963, hauling the 13:15 from London King's Cross to Leeds with the locomotive coming off at Doncaster. The event attracted considerable media interest. It had covered over 2.08 million miles, three weeks short of 40 years in operation.
Pegler immediately restored Flying Scotsman at the Doncaster Works as closely as possible to its LNER condition. It was renumbered 4472 and repainted in LNER Apple Green; the smoke deflectors were removed, the double chimney replaced by a single, and its standard tender was replaced with a corridor type.
Following an overhaul in the winter of 1968–69, Flying Scotsman toured the United States and Canada, hauling a 9 coach exhibition train to support British exports.
In 1972, Pegler, now £132,000 in debt with considerable unpaid bills, declared himself bankrupt and in August, arranged for the engine to be kept in storage at the US Army's Sharpe Depot in Lathrop, California to keep it from unpaid creditors, who by now were demanding payments and threatening legal action.
Amid fears of the engine's future, horticulturist and steam enthusiast Alan Bloom asked businessman William McAlpine to help save it. McAlpine agreed and within a few days paid off outstanding debts and bought the locomotive for £25,000. Flying Scotsman was shipped back to England via the Panama Canal. Upon arrival at Liverpool in February 1973, the engine travelled to Derby. McAlpine paid for its restoration at Derby Works and two subsequent overhauls in the 23 years that he owned and ran it. In 1986, McAlpine leased a former diesel locomotive maintenance shop at Southall Railway Centre in London, which became the new base for Flying Scotsman until 2004.
In October 1988, Flying Scotsman arrived in Australia to take part in the country's bicentenary celebrations as a central attraction in the Aus Steam '88 festival. During the course of the next year Flying Scotsman travelled more than 28,000 miles over Australian rails. On 8th. August 1989 Flying Scotsman set another record en route to Alice Springs from Melbourne, travelling 422 miles (679 km) from Parkes to Broken Hill non-stop, the longest such run by a steam locomotive ever recorded. The same journey also saw Flying Scotsman set its own haulage record when it took a 735 ton train over the 490 mile (790 km) leg between Tarcoola and Alice Springs.
Upon returning to Britain, Flying Scotsman returned to its former British Railways condition with its number changed to 60103, refitting of the smoke deflectors and double chimney, and repainted in BR Brunswick Green. It retired from the mainline in 1992, following the expiration of its running certificate. In 1993, McAlpine sold it to help pay off a mortgage on the locomotive. Music producer and railway enthusiast Pete Waterman became involved and the two formed Flying Scotsman Railways.
In April 1995, Flying Scotsman derailed on the Llangollen Railway, with all wheels coming off the track. When put back into steam, smoke emerged from a crack separating the boiler and the front cab. It was deemed a total failure and immediately withdrawn from service. It returned to Southall awaiting its next major overhaul
By 1996, McAlpine and Waterman had run into financial issues and put Flying Scotsman up for sale. On 23rd. February, Tony Marchington bought the locomotive, a set of Pullman coaches, and the Southall depot for £1.5 million. He spent a further £1 million on the locomotive's subsequent overhaul to mainline running condition, which lasted three years and at that point, the most extensive in its history.[65] It received an upgraded 250 psi boiler originally made for a Class A4, its livery was repainted in LNER Apple Green and it was renumbered 4472. Flying Scotsman's first run following the works was on 4th. July 1999, hauling The Inaugural Scotsman from London King's Cross to York, where an estimated one million people turned out to see it.
In 2002, Marchington was in financial difficulties and in September 2003 was declared bankrupt. A sealed bid auction for the locomotive was held on 2nd. April 2004. Amid fears it could be sold into foreign hands, the National Railway Museum (NRM) in York announced it would bid, and appealed for funds with a Save Our Scotsman campaign. It secured a winning bid of £2.3 million, 15% higher than the second highest bidder, and Flying Scotsman became a part of the NRM's national collection.
In 2004 and 2005, Flying Scotsman intermittently hauled special trains across Great Britain before undergoing numerous repairs, restorations and refits between 2006 and 2016. On 7th. January 2016, Flying Scotsman moved under its own steam for the first time since 2005 on the East Lancashire Railway, where it completed several low speed tests. Its inaugural mainline run was on 6th. February with The Winter Cumbrian Mountain Express from Carnforth to Carlisle. In April 2022, the engine was withdrawn for an overhaul in preparation for its centenary year in 2023. Following the work it will be certified to run on the mainline until 2029, after which it will run solely on heritage railways until 2032.
The ring silicates (cyclosilicates) iolite, beryl and tourmaline have crystal structures that contain channels large enough to house individual impurity molecules which can exhibit spectral properties similar to their normal vapour forms. These three minerals typically contain molecules of water that show infrared absorptions that are both narrower and at a shorter wavelength than liquid water (shown as the broad blue band in the plot here). The trapped molecules in these channels can remain 'bottled up' for periods as long as the age of the Earth and can sometimes be sampled to reveal magma histories from very early in the history of our planet.
The images of rough crystals above are, from the left, iolite, emerald and pink tourmaline. The strong water absorption bands can be seen around 1400 and 1900nm.
Sonata Vario Absorbers Installed to the ceiling at Park Central Restaurant, York Science Park.
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The cables are attached to the hooks during the unloading of an absorption tower off of the ship Thorco Clairvaux at the France Road Wharf in New Orleans on Saturday, May 17, 2014. (Photo by Peter G. Forest)
Taken in 2014 at a panorama and photoshop clinic run by my friend Rob and his business partner Peter (standing at rear)
Even though the light was appalling I had to get this shot of the student and his enthusiastic concentration!
Sonata Duo high performance acoustic absorbers suspended from the ceiling within a classroom at Manorfield School, Central London. Sonata Duo was used to meet the reverberation criteria of BB93 for Schools.
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