View allAll Photos Tagged 3-In
Ref. 21001 / 20-03021. (?)
Audi A8 (2002).
Escala 1/44.
Power Series Racer.
Maisto.
Made in China.
Produced by Maisto from:
2005 to 2006 (?)
2010 to 2015 (?)
More info:
modelcars.mbeck.ch/model.php?lang=e----&mode=show&...
www.hobbydb.com/catalog_items/audi-a8-cb9e56a2-29f3-4358-...
www.hobbydb.com/catalog_items/audi-a8-b3b27821-2d34-452d-...
www.hobbydb.com/variant_definitions/51639
www.hobbydb.com/subjects/power-racer-series
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Maisto
Brand
"Founded in 1967, Maisto first rose to prominence as a diecast manufacturer in the 1980s with models in 1/18, 1/24 and 1/64 scales. Their models depict a variety of vehicles including cars, trucks and motorcycles. Maisto's 1/18 models raised levels of detail and features to new heights for their resaonable price point.
Models are available in a number of different ranges, both ready-built and as kits. They also manufacture radio controlled models.
All Miasto products since 2007 will have a tool identification number that can be found on the chassis., it’s a 5-digit number, such as 11809. This is to fulfill Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA)'s (US) requirement tracing the date and place of production. The 1st digit is to identify whether it is produced in Manda / May Tat, 2nd and 3rd digit are production year, 4th and 5th digit indicate production week."
Source: www.hobbydb.com/subjects/maisto-brand
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Audi A8
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"The Audi A8 is a four-door, full-size, luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi since 1994.
Succeeding the Audi V8, and now in its fourth generation, the A8 has been offered with both front- or permanent all-wheel drive—and in short- and long-wheelbase variants.
The first two generations employed the Volkswagen Group D platform, with the current generation deriving from the MLB platform.
After the original model's 1994 release, Audi released the second generation in late 2002, the third in late 2009, and the fourth and current iteration in 2017.
Notable for being the first mass-market car with an aluminium chassis, all A8 models have used this construction method co-developed with Alcoa and marketed as the Audi Space Frame.
A mechanically-upgraded, high-performance version of the A8 debuted in 1996 as the Audi S8. Produced exclusively at Audi's Neckarsulm plant, unlike the donor A8 model, the S8 has been available only in short-wheelbase form and is fitted standard with Audi's quattro all-wheel drive system."
(...)
Second generation (D3, Typ 4E; 2002–2009)
"The second-generation Audi A8 (Typ 4E) built on the Volkswagen Group D3 platform was unveiled via press release in July 2002 and introduced in November 2002 in Europe and in June 2003 (as a 2004 model) in the United States.
The model was longer than the previous generation, with room for four or five large adult occupants in the cabin, depending on rear seat configuration.
The D3 development program began in 1996, with the design process commencing in Ingolstadt in 1997."
(...)
"The A8 was previewed 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show by the Audi Avantissimo concept car. This concept introduced much of the technology later available on the series production A8 D3, including: Multi Media Interface, 6-speed automatic transmission with shift paddles, V8 biturbo engine (RS6), self-levelling adaptive air suspension with continuously controlled damping, electric park brake, bi-xenon headlights with static Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) curve headlights, dashboard, driver identification systems with fingerprint scanner.
As with the previous version, two body variants of the second generation A8 are offered, the A8 (standard, or short wheelbase), and the long-wheelbase (LWB) A8 L. The A8 L adds 120 mm (4.7 inches) to the rear legroom and 11 mm (0.43 in) to the overall height of the car."
(...)
"In 2005, new internal combustion engines became available."
(...)
2007 facelift
"Changes include:
- Updated Front Fascia incorporating Audi's signature single frame full-nose grill. Complimenting the pronounced styling of the nose, designers tossed the understated round fog lights, opting for larger rectangular fog Light housings- inside a set of 'Side-View illuminators' have been integrated into the housing; aiding drivers in low-light or poor visibility conditions by automatically illuminating depending on speed and steering angle. Side-View Illuminators operate independent of fog lights.
- Updated Tail-light Assembly featuring much brighter and more efficient LED bulbs. Dual rear fog lights are still standard."
(...)
-------------------------------------
Second generation (D3/4E)
Production
August 2002 – November 2009
Assembly
Germany: Neckarsulm
Designer
Miklós Kovács, Imre Hasanic, Dany Garand (1999)
Platform
Volkswagen Group D3
Engine
V6 petrol engine
V8 petrol engine
V10 petrol engine
W12 engine
V6 diesel engine
V8 diesel engine
Transmission
Automatic transmission
Continuously variable transmission
Dimensions
Wheelbase
SWB: 2,944 mm (115.9 in)
LWB: 3,074 mm (121.0 in)
Length
SWB:
pre 2007: 5,051 mm (198.9 in),
post 2007: 5,062 mm (199.3 in)
LWB:
pre 2007: 5,181 mm (204.0 in),
post 2007: 5,192 mm (204.4 in)
Width
1,894 mm (74.6 in)
Height
SWB: 1,444 mm (56.9 in)
LWB: 1,455 mm (57.3 in)
Kerb weight
1,670–1,990 kg (3,682–4,387 lb)
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audi_A8
The biggest threat to the US Navy's aircraft carriers in the early 1950s came not from the Soviet Union, but the US Air Force. With jet-powered strategic bombers, many questioned why the Navy needed expensive carrier battlegroups at all. With the US armed forces adopting an "all-nuclear" force, the Navy needed a bomber capable of delivering a nuclear payload. The Lockheed P2V Neptune could be launched from carriers, but was too big to land. The North American AJ-1 Savage could launch and land, but was propeller-driven and too slow to survive over the USSR. Finally, in October 1952, famous Douglas aircraft designer, Ed Heinemann, delivered his latest masterpiece: the A3D Skywarrior.
The Skywarrior was, in a word, huge; sailors quickly nicknamed it "Whale." The largest aircraft to operate from carrier decks, it had to be big to carry the large nuclear bombs of the 1950s. Despite its size, the A3D was surprisingly docile, though engine problems kept it out of the fleet until 1956. It could not operate from the World War II-era Essex-class carriers, only from the later "supercarriers" like the Forrestal and Nimitz-classes. A lack of ejection seats led the three-man crews to joke that "A3D" stood for "All Three Dead." Nevertheless, the A3D did the job it was assigned to do, and rather well.
Technology rapidly outstripped the A3D, and only four years after it began operations, it was already obsolete in the nuclear bombing role--like its predecessor, it was too slow to survive over the USSR. It could be still used as a conventional bomber, and the Navy saw plenty of growth potential. Redesignated A-3 in 1962, a number of variants came into service, the most widely used of which was the KA-3B tanker.
Skywarriors would serve throughout the Vietnam War and well into the 1980s, although it was replaced or supplemented in all of its roles, primarily by A-6 Intruder variants. The Whale continued on because it could carry more than the A-6, when it came to fuel or electronics. By 1990, the A-3 was clearly at the end of its service life, and after a last hurrah with the First Gulf War, the A-3s were retired in 1991.
Dad photographed this EKA-3B Skywarrior at the 1977 Malmstrom AFB airshow. The EKA-3B could be used either as a tanker or as a standoff electronic countermeasures (ECM) jammer, using the sensors in the tail. By 1977, however, most were used solely as tankers, as the EA-6B Prowler was much more effective.
147657 was built originally as an A-3B bomber, then converted to a KA-3B for Vietnam service, then to an EKA-3B in 1968. At the time Dad got this picture, 147657 was assigned to VAQ-208, which maintained Pacific fleet refueling aircraft from NAS Alameda, California. It carries standard USN camouflage of the time, as well as three "E" engineering awards given to VAQ-208, and a Vietnam service ribbon beneath the cockpit. 147657 was retired in 1989 and scrapped in 2004, but the cockpit was preserved and is on display at the Kalamazoo Air Zoo in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Dec 2009
Day 3 in Gdansk started with a wander to follow some Christmassy music - a local church was hosting a St Nicholas Day fete, including a guy dressed as St Nicholas. There was also food available in the form of bread, some sort of spread (herring?) and gerkhins (eugh yuk! not for me!), as well as cake.
After this distraction we headed to the Gdansk shipyard gates and the Monument to the Fallen Shipyard Workers 1970 which we had promised to take mum too.
We stopped off at the pieces of the Berlin Wall and Gdansk shipyard wall for quick photos.
Whilst at the Monument we heard and almighty noise of engines and horns honking. We had seen an unusually high police pressence as we walked by and wondered what was going on but we had no idea what to expect. Curiosity got the better of me and Paul (and mum and dad followed) and we came to see hundreds of people on motorbikes dressed as Santas (turns out there were 2300 bikes and 2900 participants - according to a Flickr source). The noise was unbelievable (although Paul tells me not as noisy as race days). Everyone dressed up was very festive. It is a charity event, collecting money for children's charities.
We stopped one guy dressed in a City of Westminster flourescent jacket - I asked if he was English and the answer was no. I asked if he had worked in England and again the answer was no. Somehow he had acquired a City of Westminster Keep the Streets Clean jacket. Very bizarre.
Paul and I very, very briefly toyed with whether we could come over next year on his bike. We quickly rejected the idea as (a) there were no other nationality's bikes and (b) it was freezing cold, and travelling across West and Central Europe on a bike in December wasn't that appealing!
Mum and Dad left us to watch the bikes and went off to the Solidarity / Solidarnosc Roads to Freedom exhibition and Paul and I spent some more time bike spotting and then headed for drinks and more gorgeous cakes.
After meeting with Mum and Dad and them having cakes too, we all headed to the bus stop as we intended to go and see Westerplatte where WW2 began. We looked at the bus times and unfortunately there was just one bus, which ran every 40 mins and which ran a limited service in Winter. Due to the time we couldn't guarantee getting back into Gdansk and we couldn't guarantee there would be taxis available, so sadly we had to opt out of the visit.
Instead Mum and Dad headed into Gdansk for a wander and Paul and I headed to the Christmas Market (which turned out to be a market, which only a slight Christmas flavour) and did some Christmas shopping for Paul and shared a Polish sausage which was yummy and filled a gap.
In the evening we headed out for food at the Sphinx restaurant which served, well, we weren't sure as the menu was entirely in Polish. Case of guess work and checking with the waiter who then served whatever we pointed to!
After food it was to Cafe Ferber once again for more drinks - Paul had a Bubble Gum shake which he said was too sickly. It was nice for a sip but I think he was brave to drink the lot. I stuck to Vodka.
Then it was a final few Christmas light photos and a relatively early night. We got up at 3am the next morning in order to catch a minibus which didn't turn up. So we took a taxi to the airport for our 6am flight home.
+3 in comments
The things I'm holding are flowers, incase anyone was wondering. They're kinda small and with the edit, they aren't bright orange anymore.
I wasn't sure if I wanted this one or the one with text to be the main, so tell me what you think. Please and thank you!
"A woman fascinates a man quite as often by what she overlooks as by what she sees. Love prefers twilight to daylight; and a man doesn't think much of, nor care much for, a woman outside of his household, unless he can couple the idea of love, past, present, or future, with her."
Oliver Wendell Holmes
"Die Zeit Reisen" Two Neoplan Cityliner carried 50 Germen tourists travelling from Hamburg to Shanghai in 52 days.The Great Transcontinental Tour is very interesting and attracted many Chinese people to learn the new type of travel.
During the wintry weather we had last week i headed over to Roundhay Park, Leeds with a friend of mine ade_mcfade primarily to do some painting with light.
On arrival there was a bit of mist hanging around and quite heavy cloud cover and despite there being snow on the ground it was pretty mild too. But as the eveing wore on the cloud began to break up, and with the orange glow from the bright lights of Leeds in the background, some pretty amazing skies started to appear.
Berlin, Germany - July 3 --- during the 2023 League of Legends EMEA Championship Series Summer Split at the LEC Studio on July 3 in Berlin Germany (Photo by Wojciech Wandzel/Riot Games)
You can see the #4 nacelle strut is different from the #3 in the next photo- one of the unfortunate parts of the CV-990 development was that the original design, with identical pylons for each engine, proved subject to vibration and the solution was the shorten the outer pylons and make them different from inners... Fortune was not with them.
103-0319_IMG
Bought the Creator 3-in-1 set 30641 at a CVS one year ago today, and instantly didn't build the set but instead made this little bot, for some reason kicking off the obsession that lead to me making 150+ rather more interesting bots since then...
Aunt C., Mrs. S. & Captain A. discussing their dive. There was no wind, and it soon rained a tropical downpour.
Sorry, I promised to give this a rest but I couldn't resist this one. Three of my favourite wild flowers in one bookmark. Hell, they are almost in focus too lo
This picture is #3 in my 100 strangers project. Find out more about the project and see pictures taken by other photographers at the 100 Strangers Flickr Group page
This beautiful lady had a cute little stall at the Saturday Market. She noticed my camera and asked me what I was doing. I then explained the project and asked her if she would take part, and she kindly said yes.
Thunder Star sells Native American art and Jewelry according to their healing properties. She had a beautiful display, some of which I tried to include in the picture.
Thanks, Thunder Star!
PictionID:46975922 - Title:GD/Astronautics Testing Details: Mating of Shroud to Ranger 3 in Spin Test Building Date: 12/22/1961 - Catalog:14_024194 - Filename:14_024194.tif - Title:GD/Astronautics Details: Lifting Pod Date: 1961 - Filename:14_024181.tif - Images from the Convair/General Dynamics Astronautics Atlas Negative Collection. The processing, cataloging and digitization of these images has been made possible by a generous National Historical Publications and Records grant from the National Archives and Records Administration---Please Tag these images so that the information can be permanently stored with the digital file.---Repository: San Diego Air and Space Museum
The guy who said that a bird in the hand is better than 2 in the bush has nothing on us. You can have your bird, I will take my 3
Sarek National Park (Swedish: Sareks nationalpark) is a national park in Jokkmokk Municipality, Lapland in the north of Sweden. Established in 1909–1910, the park is one of the oldest national parks in Europe. The shape of the Sarek park is roughly circular with an average diameter of about 50 km (31.07 mi). The park has about 200 peaks over 1,800 m (5,900 ft), 82 of which have names. There are approximately 100 glaciers in the Sarek National Park.
Sarek is a popular area for experienced hikers and mountaineers. There are no marked trails or accommodations and only two bridges aside from those in the vicinity of its borders. The area is among those that receives the heaviest rainfall in Sweden, making hiking dependent on weather conditions. It is also intersected by turbulent streams that are hazardous to cross without proper training. The delta of the Rapa River is considered one of Europe‘s most noted views and the summit of mount Skierfe offers an overlook of that ice-covered, glacial, trough valley.
(Wikipedia)
-----
In 2015, 2016 and 2018, we pursued three 10+ days long autumn hikes across the unspoiled wilderness of Sarek national park, Lapland, Sweden - definitely one the most beautiful and remote regions in Europe and a true incarnation of the "deep north" expression.
It's difficult to describe Sarek and what it may mean for anyone who hasn't been there yet. It's a special place. A hidden gem. A delight. It's a place where adventure is not only ensured; it's an unavoidable and essential part of the trip. Remote areas, mighty peaks, glaciers one may see only from hills and not from valleys. Unmarked trails, cold glacial rivers, birch woods, reindeer, moose, and other animals.
Some call it the last European wilderness. I don't give a nickname; it would be incomplete and not fitting. Sarek is unique.
Blickrichtung Pferdemarkt. Straßenbahnlinie 3 in Richtung Essen, rechts vorne die "Alte Apotheke".
Photo: Georg Lücker /Stadtarchiv Bottrop
Roberta Vinci (ITA) [3] in her quarter-final victory at the 2012 Texas Tennis Open over 7th seed Chanelle Scheepers. Vinci won 7-6(1), 6-2.
Dec 2009
Day 3 in Gdansk started with a wander to follow some Christmassy music - a local church was hosting a St Nicholas Day fete, including a guy dressed as St Nicholas. There was also food available in the form of bread, some sort of spread (herring?) and gerkhins (eugh yuk! not for me!), as well as cake.
After this distraction we headed to the Gdansk shipyard gates and the Monument to the Fallen Shipyard Workers 1970 which we had promised to take mum too.
We stopped off at the pieces of the Berlin Wall and Gdansk shipyard wall for quick photos.
Whilst at the Monument we heard and almighty noise of engines and horns honking. We had seen an unusually high police pressence as we walked by and wondered what was going on but we had no idea what to expect. Curiosity got the better of me and Paul (and mum and dad followed) and we came to see hundreds of people on motorbikes dressed as Santas (turns out there were 2300 bikes and 2900 participants - according to a Flickr source). The noise was unbelievable (although Paul tells me not as noisy as race days). Everyone dressed up was very festive. It is a charity event, collecting money for children's charities.
We stopped one guy dressed in a City of Westminster flourescent jacket - I asked if he was English and the answer was no. I asked if he had worked in England and again the answer was no. Somehow he had acquired a City of Westminster Keep the Streets Clean jacket. Very bizarre.
Paul and I very, very briefly toyed with whether we could come over next year on his bike. We quickly rejected the idea as (a) there were no other nationality's bikes and (b) it was freezing cold, and travelling across West and Central Europe on a bike in December wasn't that appealing!
Mum and Dad left us to watch the bikes and went off to the Solidarity / Solidarnosc Roads to Freedom exhibition and Paul and I spent some more time bike spotting and then headed for drinks and more gorgeous cakes.
After meeting with Mum and Dad and them having cakes too, we all headed to the bus stop as we intended to go and see Westerplatte where WW2 began. We looked at the bus times and unfortunately there was just one bus, which ran every 40 mins and which ran a limited service in Winter. Due to the time we couldn't guarantee getting back into Gdansk and we couldn't guarantee there would be taxis available, so sadly we had to opt out of the visit.
Instead Mum and Dad headed into Gdansk for a wander and Paul and I headed to the Christmas Market (which turned out to be a market, which only a slight Christmas flavour) and did some Christmas shopping for Paul and shared a Polish sausage which was yummy and filled a gap.
In the evening we headed out for food at the Sphinx restaurant which served, well, we weren't sure as the menu was entirely in Polish. Case of guess work and checking with the waiter who then served whatever we pointed to!
After food it was to Cafe Ferber once again for more drinks - Paul had a Bubble Gum shake which he said was too sickly. It was nice for a sip but I think he was brave to drink the lot. I stuck to Vodka.
Then it was a final few Christmas light photos and a relatively early night. We got up at 3am the next morning in order to catch a minibus which didn't turn up. So we took a taxi to the airport for our 6am flight home.
Item:
Title: View From Morne Fortune, St Lucia, 1937
Photographer:
Publisher:
Publisher#:
Year: 1937
Height: 3 in
Width: 4.25 in
Media: Gelatin Silver print
Color: b/w
Country: St Lucia
Town: Castries
Caption: in pencil on verso: View From Morne Fortune Looking Down at Harbor in Castries, St Lucia, BWI Mar 10, 1937 A.M. Note Scanpenn at Dock
Notes: The Scanpenn (5,302 grt, 410 ft. long) was built as the Bird City in 1919 - one of a large series of transports built for the
U.S. Shipping Board and known as "Hog Islanders", named after the location of the shipbuilder's yard. She worked for the
American Scantic Line before the line was bought from the Shipping Board by Moore & McCormack in 1927.
Together with 5 sisters, the Bird City was purchased by Moore & McCormack shortly afterwards.
She was converted (with three of her sisters) to a passenger-cargo liner in 1932 and renamed Scanpenn.
The Scanpenn and her sister the Scanmail were also used on the American Caribbean Line service
during a few winter seasons in the mid-1930s, alternating with summer season service to the Baltic.
Following the arrival of new tonnage, all ships used on the American Scantic Line were sold to Lloyd Brasileiro in 1939. The Scanpenn then became the Buarque. She was torpedoed and sunk off the coast of North Carolina in 1942.
For information about licensing this image, visit: THE CARIBBEAN PHOTO ARCHIVE
Berkshire & Eastern FI-3 rips west with SAED's train through the Ayer MBTA station on a cold and wet late-March afternoon in 2024. Leading the way out of town was NS 6983, an EMD SD60E equipped with ACSES PTC to lead over MBTA territory.
Cuddle with Annie <3 in the bathtub ♥
══════════════════════════════════════
Body : Maitreya Mesh Body - Lara
Head : CATWA HEAD Magy
Head Add-On : CATWA TEETH Add-On [B]
Hair : Stealthic - Paradox
Tattoo : .:Vegas:. Tattoo Applier Midnight
Skin Head : *YS&YS* Adison Tone 02 Skin Applier for CATWA Bento Heads
Skin Body : *YS&YS* - Tone 02 Body Applier v2.0 - MAITREYA + BOM
For more information on this product please visit uk.glasdon.com/auto-mate-tm-petrol-forecourt-bin/bypass
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Benjamin Zander working with the cellist Gordon Dixon and pianist Chinami Smith on the first movement of Beethoven's Cello Sonata No. 3 in A major, Op. 69 during the fourth day of music workshops organised by The Avison Ensemble.
The Avison Ensemble is delighted to have welcomed Benjamin Zander to present a series of music workshops in Newcastle for musicians and listeners as part of our ongoing commitment to music learning in the North East. These workshops were held from 13th to 16th August 2012 in Newcastle University’s King’s Hall; they were open to amateur and professional musicians of all ages and to listeners, including those with no previous experience of classical music.
These workshops were transformative and inspirational for the musicians participating as they discovered new possibilities in interpretation, expression and performance. Ben explored the ‘hidden language’ of music and the impact of its use on both performers and listeners. However, these were not technical master classes – they were full of surprises and often emotional experiences which transformed the audience and players’ outlook on the relationship of music to life.
The Avison Ensemble is the outstanding period instrument orchestra based in Newcastle upon Tyne, which plays and popularises the music of Charles Avison (1709-1770) and other English classical composers of the Baroque period, such as Garth, Arne and Herschel. The Ensemble also performs Purcell, Handel, Vivaldi, Corelli, Geminiani, Pergolesi, Teleman, Rameau, Bach, Mozart, Haydn and Beethoven. The Ensemble is strongly committed to music learning in North East England and has an active education programme and its own annual Young Musicians’ Awards competition.
Ben Zander is the acclaimed conductor of the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra and a passionate musician and speaker of world renown. He has collaborated in performances with many of the world’s greatest musicians, amongst whom have been Rostropovich, Oscar Shumsky, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Martha Argerich, Yo-Yo Ma, and Jaqueline Du Pré.
Ben’s work with young people and youth orchestras is world renowned and he has recently been awarded the Youth Orchestra of the Americas 10th anniversary award for his invaluable contribution to the youth symphony movement across the Americas. He has recently formed the Boston Philharmonic Youth Orchestra to “… shape the musical leadership of tomorrow”.
Ben is one of the most sought-after speakers in the world. Bringing his insights as the conductor of major symphony orchestras to business leaders involved in transformation and change, Ben has become a much sought-after speaker to major organizations all over the world including Shell, IBM, Arthur Andersen, KPMG, Sprint, NASA and the US Army.
photographer's notes and text borrowings-
"mutual building", cape town. art deco, deluxe. finished in 1939. architect, fred glennis
inspiration maybe from the "met tower", NYC"?, chicago board of trade", "chrysler building, NYC"?
stone mason, ivan mitford-barberton (south african)
most of the building was changed into residential units
beautiful friezes by miftord-barberton
some nine (only?) african tribes depicted in stunning granite carvings on one facade of the building. it's unclear why only nine tribes were depicted
the tribes being-
matabele
basuto
barotse
kikuyu
zulu
bushman
xosa (xhosa)
pedi
masai
the building has three street facades, darling, parliament and long market streets, cape town CBD
much more to be explored and to be pixed. the building itself is exquisite
***********************
Mutual Building
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Mutual Building (Afrikaans: Mutual Gebou), in Cape Town, South Africa, was built as the headquarters of the South African Mutual Life Assurance Society, now the "Old Mutual" insurance and financial services company. It was opened in 1940, but before the end of the 1950s—less than 20 years later—business operations were already moving to another new office at Mutual Park in Pinelands (north east of the city centre); since then Old Mutual has become an international business and their present head office is in London.
The building is a fine example of art deco architecture and design, and it has many interesting internal features such as the banking hall, assembly room, directors' board room; external features include a dramatic ziggurat structure, prismoid (triangular) windows, and one of the longest carved stone friezes in the world. It has been said that it provides evidence of the colonial attitudes of the time, and the "ideals of colonial government promulgated
by Rhodes in the late nineteenth century".[1]
The Mutual Building is now converted to residential use, although some parts of the building are used commercially. For example, the Banking Hall (which is now an events venue) and the retail shops that operate outside on the ground level.
Coordinates: 33°55ʹ27.45ʺS 18°25ʹ20.25ʺE
Mutual Building
Mutual Gebou
The front of the building, in Darling Street, Cape Town
Location in central Cape Town Alternative Mutual Heights, Old Mutual
names Building
General information
Contents
1 History
1.1 The business
1.2 The "new" (1940) Head Office in Darling Street
1.3 Search for inspiration
1.4 Completion
1.5 Vacating and conversion
2 Structure of the building
3 Design elements
4 Features of the building
4.1 The Entrance Hall 4.2 The Banking Hall
4.3 The lifts (elevators) 4.4 The Assembly Room 4.5 The Directors' Rooms 4.6 The atrium
4.7 The windows
4.8 Granite cladding 4.9 The Tribal Figures 4.10 The frieze
5 Views of (and from) the building 6 References
7 Other external links
Type
Architectural style
Address Town or city Country Coordinates Completed Inaugurated Renovated Owner Height
Structural system
Floor count Lifts/elevators
Commercial converted to residential
Art Deco
14 Darling Street
Cape Town
South Africa
33°55ʹ27.45ʺS 18°25ʹ20.25ʺE 1939
1940
2005
Mutual Heights Body Corporate 84 metres (276 ft)
Technical details
Reinforced concrete, granite cladding
12 plus 3 levels basement parking
7
Architect
Architecture firm
Architect
Renovating firm
Structural engineer
Awards and prizes
Fred Glennie Louw & Louw
Renovating team
Robert Silke Louis Karol
Murray & Roberts
South African Institute of Architects, Presidents Award 2008
Website
Design and construction
www.mutualheights.net (www.mutualheights.net)
History The business
The Old Mutual business has a long history. In 1845 John Fairbairn (a Scot) founded "The Mutual Life Assurance Society of the Cape of Good Hope" in Cape Town. Over the next 100 years the business was to evolve significantly, changing its name in 1885 to the "South Africa Mutual Life Assurance Society", but becoming familiarly known simply as "The Old Mutual", so as to distinguish it from newer businesses of the same kind.
The company employed women as early as 1901, expanded into Namibia in 1920 and into Zimbabwe (then
Rhodesia) in 1927.[2] Old Mutual is now an international business with offices all over the world, and its portfolio
of financial services continues to evolve to meet market needs.
It is now some years since the business "de-mutualised" in order to issue shares and fund its operations using conventional investment markets.
The "new" (1940) Head Office in Darling Street
The name of the building in English and in Afrikaans ("Mutual Gebou"): The interesting frieze shown here is described in the text
Some comparisons with earlier inspirational buildings
In the 1930s it became clear that a new headquarters building was needed and very ambitious targets were set for the building: it was to be the tallest building in South Africa (possibly in the whole continent of Africa, with the exception of the pyramids in Egypt), it was to have the fastest lifts, it was to have the largest windows. At the same time it was to epitomise the values of the business: "Strength, Security and Confidence in the Future"; this demanded a combination of traditional
and contemporary design.[1]
Although it is clearly identified on the exterior as the "Mutual Building" (or "Mutual Gebou" in Afrikaans) it is often familiarly referred to as "The Old Mutual Building". Here, in the body of this article, it will be referred to as the "Mutual Building", thereby acknowledging the
nomenclature on the exterior of the building itself.
Search for inspiration
The figure here (adapted from www.skycrapers.com) compares the building with some of the other contemporaneous tall buildings in the world. Those involved in the design of the building travelled widely to study inspirational examples of corporate buildings elsewhere in the world. They learnt about the latest approaches to lighting, ventilation and fire protection in the USA, South America, England
and Sweden.[3] In the USA, the Eastern Columbia Building in Los Angeles is one example of the genre of building design that captured their attention: this building was completed in 1930 and has also since been
converted to residential occupation.[1]
The art deco style was chosen. However, the building is embellished with features in other styles (such as neo-classicist in the case of the banking hall) intended to reinforce the long- standing and traditional values of the Old Mutual business.
Completion
The building was completed in 1939 and opened
early in 1940 with a great fanfare. The local paper provided a 16 page supplement,[4] and South African architects and dignitaries enthused about it. In his definitive examination of the design of the building, Federico Freschi summarises the status of the building thus:
"Ultimately, the consensus suggests that the Old Mutual Building is at once a worthy monument to modern design principles and the consolidation of an important corporate and public image."[1]
The building is listed elsewhere as a notable building,[5] and it is regarded as an important example of the social values of the time and of the economic state of the nation, but all as seen from a European or
"colonial" perspective, as explained by Freschi.[1]
Vacating and conversion
Within 20 years (in the late 1950s) the Old Mutual began to vacate the building, moving in stages to new offices at Mutual Park in Pinelands, Cape Town. By the 1990s, only assorted tenants remained, the last of
which departed in May 2003.[3]
At this time, conversion to residential occupation began under the direction of Robert Silke at Louis Karol
Architects.[6] The name of the building was changed by the developers to Mutual Heights (www.mutualheights.net), a decision that did not find favour with all owners and residents involved in
the new community.[7] Despite scepticism about the name, it is generally agreed that the conversion was the first in a series of projects that re-invigorated the central business district of Cape Town. The conversion has
been the subject of a number of architecture and design awards.[8]
In February 2012, the large "Old Mutual" sign on the east side of the building was removed, leaving little external evidence of the commercial origins of the building; in 2015 Old Mutual Properties finally disposed of the remaining portions of the interior that had not been sold previously, including the banking hall, the directors suite and the fresco room.
Structure of the building
The building is constructed using reinforced concrete, filled in internally with bricks and plaster, and clad on the outside with granite. At first sight, the building is a striking example of the Art Deco style and many of its features epitomize this genre - however, some interior features deviate from true Art Deco and probably reflect the desire of the company to demonstrate solidity and traditional values at the same time as
contemporaneous, forward-looking values.[1]
It is 276 feet (85 metres) high, as measured from the ground floor to the top of the tower,[3] but the building is often listed as being more than 90 metres high (even as high as 96.8 metres on the Old Mutual web
site[2]); this probably takes account of the "spire" at the top.
Having only 10 levels ("storeys") above ground level in the main part of this tall building (excluding the three levels of basement car parking, and the additional levels in the tower), it is evident that the spacing between floors is generous — generally each floor is about 5 metres above (or below) the next. In one of the meeting rooms on the eighth level (the Assembly Hall - see below), the curtains alone are more than six metres long. This generous spacing between floors was intended to achieve the greatest possible overall height for the building without exceeding the city planning limitation of 10 storeys, and it was allowed only
in view of the "set back" design of the exterior structure.[1]
Design elements
The original design of the building is attributed to Louw & Louw (Cape Town architects), working with Fred Glennie (best known at the time as a mentor to architectural students) – Mr Glennie is personally
credited with most of the detailed work[9] but Ivan Mitford-Barberton[10] was also involved with some
internal details as well as with the external granite decorations.
It is pleasing that the principal areas of the building have been so little changed over the years, especially the entrance, the banking hall, the assembly room, the directors' room, the atrium, and the windows. Even the original door handles (including the Old Mutual "logo") and the original banisters (on the staircases) are all still intact, and the atrium is largely unchanged although it is now protected from the weather by a translucent roof.
The original light fittings in the "public" areas are largely still intact, and in most parts of the building there are beautiful block-wood (parquet) floors.
Here is a selection of interior design details that exemplify the quality and attention to detail that was applied to this project by the architects, artists and designers.
Marble from the columns in the banking hall
As you use the stairs, you are reminded which storey you are on
Bulkhead lights on the 9th level
White-veined Onyx from the entrance hall
Hardwood block floors are still in place in many parts of the building
An original door handle (of which many remain)
The entrance hall has a gold leaf ceiling
Detail of a banister on one of the stairs
Original fire doors, with distinctive handles
Detail of the rail at the gallery of the Assembly Room
Some interior design details
The paragraphs below now visit each of the significant areas and features of the building in turn.
An original light fitting
The light fittings in the Assembly Room
The entrance lobby
Features of the building
The building incorporates a range of significant features.
The Entrance Hall
Black, gold-veined onyx is used in the Darling Street foyer, the ceiling of which is over 15 metres high and finished with gold leaf, laid by Italian workmen. The view of the glass window over the door to the banking hall (above) shows the iconic ziggurat shape of the building etched into the glass. Visitors must climb 17 steps to gain access to the banking hall, and towards the top they are met by the original "pill box" where security staff can observe who (and what) is entering and leaving the building. On either side of the pill box are the entrances to the main lifts – two on the left and two on the right (there are two "staff" lifts and one "service" lift elsewhere in the building).
Characteristic stainless steel trim and light fittings, such as can be seen here, are used extensively throughout the building.
The Banking Hall
Given its tall marble-clad colonnades, the magnificent banking hall would be more properly described as an example of "neo-classicism" although the light fittings echo the art deco theme that prevails elsewhere in the building, and again we see that the glass over the doors (at the far end in the photograph below) are etched with the iconic ziggurat form that is taken by the whole building.
The two service counters that can be seen in the banking hall look identical, but only the one on the right is original—the one on the left is a later, somewhat inferior, copy.
The banking hall
Between the columns of the banking hall the coats of arms are presented for each of the many provinces and countries within Southern Africa in which the South African Mutual Life Assurance Society had a presence.
The crests that appear between the columns in the banking hall
Northern Rhodesia Cape Colony Durban Rhodesia
Natal Petermaritzburg Port Elizabeth Orange Free State
Johannesburg Pretoria Kenya Colony Bloemfontein
Cape Town Union of South Africa Potchefstroom Windhoek The banking hall is now owned privately and is available for hire as an events venue.
The lifts (elevators)
The main lifts in the building are fast ("the fastest in Africa" it was claimed when the building opened) and no expense was spared – even in the basement parking area, the lifts are trimmed with black marble. Each door has an etched representation of an indigenous bird or animal from South Africa, with significant plants as additional decoration, or in some cases the corporate logo of the time.
There are seven lifts in the building, four of them "principal" lifts (as here)
The individual etchings in detail (click on the images to see the full-size version):
Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis), with a king protea (Protea cynaroides), the national flower
Kudu (Tragelaphus), with veltheimia (Veltheimia bracteata) at the lower right
Giraffe, with a succulent (Crassula)
Zebra (Equus quagga), with a prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica)
The individual etchings on the lift doors
Ostrich (Struthio camelus australus), with prickly pear (lower left) and "century plant" (Agave americana)
Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus), with spekboom (Portulacaria afra) at the lower right and candelabra lily (Brunsvigia josephinae) at the lower left
Crane (Balearica regulorm) with reeds behind (Phragmites australis)
Lion, with lion's tail (or wild dagga - Leonotis leonuris) at lower left, violet painted petals (Freesia laxa) lower right and coral tree (Erythrina lysistemon) at the top
Secretary bird (Sagittarius serpentarius), with unidentifiable tree
The corporate "logo" (three entwined anchors), with Strelitzia reginae (bottom right), Disa uniflora (bottom left) and proteas (Protea repens) at the top
Vulture
These designs are attributed to Ivan Mitford-Barberton.
The Assembly Room
Perhaps the best known feature of the building (in artistic circles at least) is the Assembly Room, sometimes referred to as the "Fresco Room"; Freschi indicates that this was originally intended as a facility for policy
holders.[1] Here there are striking frescoes depicting some of the history of the nation of South Africa,
undertaken by Le Roux Smith Le Roux two years after the completion of the building.
Le Roux was supported in his early career by the famous British architect Herbert Baker, who provided bursaries so that Le Roux could spend time in
London and elsewhere. In London he
undertook a mural in South Africa House with
Eleanor Esmonde-White. An acquaintance (still living) of Le Roux and Esmonde-White recalls that Baker insisted that Eleanor Esmonde-White be awarded a bursary, despite gender-related objections from elsewhere; in the event she got to go to London with Le Roux, with the bursary. Following their years in London, Le Roux was awarded this commission to work on the Mutual Building and he therefore returned to Cape Town, but only after the main building work was done - it was not sensible to undertake this meticulous work while building operations were still in progress.
These frescoes are considered elsewhere as good examples of the genre—see for example
"Decopix - the Art Deco Architecture Site"[11] where the Mutual Building itself is well
represented.[12] The five frescoes on the end
walls and over the entrance depict more than
100 years of the history of the nation,
including industrial development, the Great
Trek, mining following the discovery of gold,
the growth of industry and agriculture, and a
hint of international travel and trade. Freschi considers that ".. in contemporary terms, Le Roux's work was seen to be distinctly progressive and very much in keeping with the ostensibly liberal party line of Jan
Smuts' coalition government".[1]
The panels are reproduced below, and selected portions from them are provided in the images that follow.
The five panels are presented left to right, in a clockwise direction when standing in the Assembly Room, back to the windows. The first and fifth are on the side walls, the second, third and fourth are on the long wall that includes the main entrance.
The fresco panels in the Assembly Room
The Assembly Room
Engineering water, The Great Trek building industry and
railroads
Trade and international travel
The discovery of gold
Railroads in service, productive farms
The fifth image includes a representation of the Mutual Building itself, the tallest building in what is known as the "City Bowl", below the slopes of Table Mountain. This did not remain true for long, it was only one year later that the General Post Office was built on the other (seaward side) of Darling Street, and a large number of larger more modern buildings have been built since (see the views from and of the building, shown further down this page).
Some details from the panels:
Some selected portions of the fresco panels in the Assembly Room
Mixing concrete, Wind-powered water working with the plans pumps provide
irrigation
The Great Trek - ladies Farm produce at last - a in their bonnets, men on smile on his face
horses
The Directors' Board Room
A detail - laying railway The image of the track Mutual Building under
Table Mountain
The Directors' Rooms
On the fourth level, at the front of the building, is the Directors' Board Room. As well as the board room there are two side rooms, one of which was a sitting room for Directors.
In the board room there is a continuous carved stinkwood frieze above the dado rail that incorporates animal and floral motifs (14 different species of birds and animals are represented). Ivan Mitford-Barberton is credited with this carving and it is probably the last work that he did in the building. Above the carved frieze is a mural designed and executed by Joyce Ord-Brown using stain on pale sycamore panelling. It represents
Cape Town as the "Tavern of the Seas" in a light hearted way.[1]
The selections below show some portions of the mural and the frieze, followed by some other details of the directors' rooms. The sea plane (second picture) is probably a Martin M-130, which is not recorded as having serviced South Africa (it worked the pacific routes). This is probably "artistic licence" on the part of Ord-Browne.
Portions of the Joyce Ord-Browne decorations
The Southern hemisphere, with route from Cape Town to London
Blue cranes flying
A sea plane
A portion of the Northern hemisphere, with King Neptune
Penguins and whales
A mermaid
Portions of the Mitford-Barberton stinkwood frieze
Some features of the directors' board room and sitting room
Entrance to the board room (see note below)
Easy chairs in the sitting room - unused in a long time
Marble at the door to the board room
Another original light fitting in the sitting room
Directors had their own storage drawers in the board room
An original light fitting in the board room that (seemingly) doubles as a ventilation device
It is of note that the etched ziggurat icon on the glass over the entrance to the board room (see the enlarged version of the first image above) is not the same as that which is used elsewhere.
The Directors' suite has great heritage value but in 2015 it was re-finished as a private apartment.
The atrium
The atrium extends from the roof of the banking hall to the very top of the main building. It was originally open to the weather, but it is now protected by a translucent roof, through which the tower can be seen extending even higher.
The circular windows visible here are incorporated into the apartments that now occupy the front of the building.
The windows
On entering the residential area of the building, one is struck by this extraordinary "top to bottom" atrium
The windows compared
The rising nature of the ziggurat mass of the exterior of the building is reinforced by the prismoid (triangular) windows, which extend up and down the height of the building. These windows are of note because they set the Mutual Building apart from some of the buildings that inspired it, for example the Eastern Columbia Building in Los Angeles. They are also functional, because they allow light to enter the building more effectively than would otherwise be the case (using the reflective properties of the inside face of the glass), and by opening and closing blinds on the one side or the other it is possible on sunny days to manage the heat entering the building as the sun traverses the sky.
Water-cooled air conditioning was another innovative feature of the original building, that avoided the need for extensive natural ventilation and allowed more freedom for the design of the windows and granite spaces between; the same water-cooled air conditioning design is in use today.
As Freschi notes in his paper, the prismoid windows make for much more visual interest than the conventional windows in the General Post Office building. Here the image juxtaposes the Mutual building (foreground) with the General Post Office built the following year (behind).
Granite cladding
The granite cladding of the building was hewn from a single boulder on the Paarl Mountain, north east of the
city of Cape Town.[1] The cladding incorporates decorative baboon, elephant and tribal heads that project from the upper facades of the Darling Street elevation (the front of the building).
The granite decorations
The decorations Elephant (6th level) Baboon (8th level) Tribal head (tower)
Tower with tribal head
The Tribal Figures
On the Parliament Street facade there are carved granite figures representing nine ethnic African groups (not just South African) labelled thus: "Xosa", "Pedi", "Maasai", "Matabele", "Basuto", "Barotse", "Kikuyu", "Zulu", and "Bushman". Note that the identification of the tribes does not necessarily follow current practice.
The nine tribal figures looking over Parliament Street.
The individual figures in detail (remember you can click on the images to see the full-size version):
The individual tribal figures
"Xosa" "Pedi" "Masai" "Matabele"
"Basuto" "Barotse" "Kikuyu" "Zulu"
"Bushman"
Recently Sanford S. Shaman has written a critique of these figures, and other features of the building [13] partly based on interviews with pedestrians walking around the building.
The frieze
Around the three sides of the building facing Darling Street, Parliament Street and Longmarket Street there is a 386 feet (118 metre) frieze depicting scenes from the colonial history of South Africa, reported at its
completion to be the longest such frieze in the world.[4]
A portion of the 386 feet frieze that traverses three sides of the building, showing the 1820 settlers landing
It is of interest that, at the time, it was proclaimed that the building was built by South Africans, using South African materials; while the frieze was itself designed by South African, Ivan Mitford Barberton (born in Somerset East, Eastern Cape, in 1896), the work was executed by a team of Italian immigrants led by Adolfo Lorenzi. It has recently come to light that, in the course of the work, Lorenzi's team of masons were incarcerated when the Second World War broke out in 1939, being Italian and therefore regarded as "the
enemy" at that time. They were obliged to finish their work under an armed guard.[14]
A composite view of the frieze can be seen at the right; unfortunately in this version some portions are missing or obscured by trees in leaf.
The sections of the frieze are as follows:
The landing of Jan van Riebeeck
The arrival of the 1820 Settlers
The "Post Office Stone"
The building of the Castle of Good Hope
The emancipation of the slaves
Negotiations with Chaka (also known as "King Shaka)" The Great Trek
The dream of Nongqawuse (other spellings are sometimes used) Discovery of diamonds at Kimberley
Erection of a cross by Bartholomew Dias
Rhodes negotiating with the Matabele
David Livingstone preaching, healing and freeing slaves The opening up of Tanganyika Territory
The defence of Fort Jesus depicting Arab inhabitants
A second version of this collage of the complete frieze can be found elsewhere[15]
A composite showing almost all of the frieze in its 15 sections – some portions are missing in this version – click to see a readable version and then choose the "Full resolution" option under the image (but be patient, this is a large file – 1Mb)
Seen from Darling Street, the Mutual Building today stands proud as the day it was built.
Views of (and from) the building
The busy city works around the building. The Mutual Building can claim that its restoration and conversion to residential use brought new life to the city centre, and started a five year programme of re- invigoration and rapid improvement. The large green "Old Mutual" sign and logo were removed from the building in February 2012.
The skyline of the city of Cape Town has changed significantly since the Mutual Building was constructed. Even from its highest point of easy access, the Mutual Building View is now dwarfed by the more modern buildings in the Cape Town central business district.
In the modern skyline the Mutual Building is lost in a maze of tall buildings. Here the sea mist swirls around the central business district and the small coloured arrow picks out the Mutual Building, at the left. This photograph is taken from District Six, on the slopes of Devil's peak to the east of Table Mountain. Click to see the full size version of this photograph, when the outline of the building can be more easily discerned.
The view of the harbour from the middle levels of the Mutual Building in Darling Street in Cape Town, once uninterrupted, is now obscured by the General Post Office constructed shortly afterwards (seen here at the extreme left).
Table Mountain and its "table cloth" seen from the upper levels of the building.
Looking in the other direction, the City Hall, the Grand Parade and the Castle can all be seen clearly. In the distance are the Hottentots Holland Mountains.
References
The learned article by Federico Freschi is particularly recommended to all who are interested in this building and its context.
1. Freschi, F (1994). "Big Business Beautility: The Old Mutual Building, Cape Town, South Africa". Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts, Vol 20, pp.39-57
2. "Old Mutual - Our heritage". Old Mutual Web Site. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
3. CSD, (2003). "Mutual Heights Heritage Impact Assessment Report", CS Design Architects and Heritage
Consultants, Cape Town, South Africa (August)
4. Cape Times (1940). "Old Mutual in New Home", The Cape Times (special supplement) (30 January)
5. "Mutual Heights". Emporis - The world's building website. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
6. "Cocktails over the Grand Parade". Cape Times online. 25 July 2003. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
7. Minutes of the Annual General Meeting of the Body Corporate, Mutual Heights, 2008
8. "Louis Karol awards". Louis Karol web site. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
9. "SA Mutual Life Assr Soc (Old Mutual)". Artefacts web site. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
10. "Ivan Mitford-Barberton". Biographical web site by Margaret C Manning. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
11. "Decopix - the Art Deco Architecture Web site". Randy Juster's Art Deco web site. Retrieved 27 December 2010.
12. "The Mutual Building featured on Randy Juster's art deco web site". Randy Juster's Art Deco web site. Retrieved
27 December 2010.
13. "Art South Africa web site". "The Heights of Contradiction" by Sanford S. Shaman. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
14. Correspondence by email, Giovanni Adolfo Camerada to Andy Bytheway, 2008
15. "The Mutual Building Frieze". Web site of the Mutual Heights community.
Other external links
Website for the Mutual Heights Community (www.mutualheights.net)
Louis Karol Architects website (www.louiskarol.com/index.html)
Randy Juster's art deco web site (www.decopix.com)
David Thompson's art deco buildings web site (artdecobuildings.blogspot.com/) City of Cape Town web site (www.capetown.gov.za)
Stewart Harris' flikr photographs include some images of Fred Glennie and Le Roux Smith Le Roux at work on the building, and other interesting images of the building (www.flickr.com/groups/1615104@N21/)
Confirmation of the Bloemfontein crest that defied identification for several years (www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Bloemfontein)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutual_Building&oldid=700901155" Categories: Art Deco skyscrapers Buildings and structures in Cape Town Skyscrapers in Cape Town
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Commentary-
I wanted to make something huge that no has ever built before in Lego that was actually used during World War II so I built this.
History- The 24 cm Kanone 3 (24 cm K 3) was a German heavy siege gun used in the Second World War by the first battalion of Artillerie-Regiment 84. Only Fourteen were ever produced and they fought on all fronts throughout the war
Features-
Turning and elevating crane
360 degree turn table
Elevating gun
Mese und N unterwegs mit dem ....
Sevylor Schlauchboot Fish Hunter HF280 ( Gummiboot Boot Badeboot ship nave bateau pneumatique inflatable rubber boat gommone ) auf der Aare bei Bern im Kanton Bern der Schweiz
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Stiftsgebäude Bern ( Baujahr 1745 - 1755 - Staatsbau - Heute Kantonale Verwaltung ) über der Aare ( Fluss river ) am Münsterplatz 3 in der Altstadt - Stadt Bern im Berner Mittelland im Kanton Bern der Schweiz
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Berner Münster ( Gotteshaus reformiert - Grundstein 1421 - Mitteltalter - Bauende 1893 - Turmhöhe 100.6 m - Stadtkirche Kirche Chiuche church église temple chiesa ) über der Aare ( Fluss river ) in der Altstadt - Stadt Bern im Berner Mittelland im Kanton Bern der Schweiz
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Münsterplattform Bern ( Baujahr 1334 - 1514 - Mittelalter - Pläfe - Ehemals Friedhof - Heute Parkanlage - Terrasse ) über der Aare ( Fluss river ) in der Altstadt - Stadt Bern im Berner Mittelland im Kanton Bern der Schweiz
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Mattelift ( Personenaufzug - im Volksmund auch Senkeltram - Baujahr 1897 ) zwischen Münsterplattform und der 31,5 Meter tiefer gelegenen Badgasse über der Aare ( Fluss river ) im Mattequartier - Matte in der Altstadt - Stadt Bern im Berner Mittelland im Kanton Bern der Schweiz
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Béatrice von Wattenwyl - Haus Bern ( Baujahr 1705 - 1706 - ursprünglich Frisching - Haus - Stadtpalais Palast Gebäude Architektur ) über der Aare ( Fluss river ) an der Jungkerngasse 59 in der Altstadt - Stadt Bern im Berner Mittelland im Kanton Bern der Schweiz
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Schwelle Schwellenmättelli Bern ( Baujahr Urpsrung Mittelalter - Erwähnt 1218 - Neubau 1640 und 1641 - Mattenschwelle Längswehr Wehr Stauwehr ) in der Aare ( Fluss river ) in der Matte - Mattenquartier der Altstadt - Stadt Bern im Berner Mittelland im Kanton Bern der Schweiz
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B e r n e r - M ü n s t e r
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Das Berner Münster ist dem Hl. Vinzenz von S.aragossa geweiht und ist die grösste
und wichtigste spätmittelalterliche Kirche der Schweiz.
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Es wurde im Stil der Gotik erbaut und gehört zu jenen gotischen Kirchen, die erst
im 19. Jahrhundert nach Aufkommen der Romantik vollendet werden konnten.
Südlich vor dem Münster zur A.are hin liegt die P.arkanlage der M.ünsterplattform.
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B a u g e s c h i c h t e
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Der Grundstein zu dem unter dem Patrozinium des Vinzenz von Saragossa stehenden
Münster wurde 1421 gelegt.
Zuvor hatte dort schon die L.eutkirche gestanden, eine bei der zähringischen Stadt-
gründung um 1190 errichtete und 1276 neu erbaute romanische K.apelle. Das
Münster wurde im U.hrzeigersinn um die alte Leutkirche herumgebaut.
Bauherr des Münsters waren der Staat Bern und der D.eutsche O.rden, nicht die
Kirche.
Obendrein wurden die K.apellen und die C.horfenster durch wohlhabende B.erner
F.amilien und Z.ünfte finanziert.
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Der erste W.erkmeister beim Bau des neuen Münsters war Matthäus Ensinger.
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Nach süddeutschem Brauch begann er nur einen W.estturm in der Breite des
ganzen Schiffs. Während seine V.orbilder (U.lmer M.ünster, F.reiburger M.ünster
und K.athedrale S.ankt N.ikolaus in F.ribourg ) bloss das eine M.itteltor betonen,
fasste Ensinger alle drei W.estportale zu einem d.reiteiligen, reich geschmückten
V.orbau zusammen.
Zwischen 1460 und 1480 schuf der S.teinmetz Erhart Küng die F.iguren der
H.auptvorhalle sowie das weltbekannte M.ünsterportal.
1521 wurde der T.urmbau auf der Höhe des unteren Achtecks wegen schwacher
F.undamente unterbrochen. Erst 1893 erreichte der T.urm seine volle H.öhe von
100,6 Meter.
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M ü n s t e r p o r t a l
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Die 234 fein gearbeiteten S.andsteinfiguren des M.ünsterportals stellen das J.üngste
G.ericht dar und sind weltberühmt. Wegen der L.uftverschmutzung im 20. Jahrhundert
mussten die 47 lebensgrossen F.iguren durch K.opien ersetzt werden. Die O.riginalfi-
guren wurden restauriert und sind im H.istorischen M.useum B.ern ausgestellt.
Es führt ein E.ngel, als D.iakon gekleidet, die klugen J.ungfrauen an, deren bräutlicher
P.runk an niederländische K.unst erinnert; seine S.chriftrolle enthält die W.orte:
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«Vorsichtig, keusch und wis (weise), wyl Ihr gewesen sind, gehnd (geht) herin, Freunde
süss, zu Eurem Brütigam, Mariens K.ind.»
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Rechts antworten die Törichten, händeringend, in fremdartiger T.racht «Ach und Weh,
dass wir nicht Ochle hand (haben), Gehnd (gebt) uns zu kauffen, dass wir mit Euch ine
gahnd (gehen).»
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T u r m
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Der T.urm wurde 1521 auf der Höhe des untern A.chtecks (knapp 61 m) unterbrochen
und erst von 1889 bis 1893 zur endgültigen H.öhe von gut 100 Meter vollendet, was ihn
zum höchsten K.irchturm der Schweiz macht.
Noch heute wohnt auf dem T.urm ein T.urmwächter; bis weit ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein
hatte er die A.ufgabe, B.rände zu melden. 254 steinerne S.tufen führen spiralförmig zur
ersten T.urmgalerie in etwa 50 Meter Höhe und weitere 90 S.tufen zur zweiten G.alerie
auf 64 m, die dem Publikum ebenfalls zugänglich ist.
Es eröffnet sich eine prachtvolle A.ussicht über die Altstadt, die A.areschlaufe, die
B.erner A.lpen mit E.iger, M.önch und J.ungfrau im S.üdosten und die J.uraketten im
N.ordwesten.
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G l o c k e n
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Die neun M.ünsterglocken sind über drei G.eschosse verteilt und stellen das zweit -
tontiefste Geläute der Schweiz:
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Im oberen V.iereck im ersten B.oden: B.urgerglocke, G.rosse G.locke und A.rmesünder-
g.locke
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Im oberen V.iereck im zweiten Boden: P.redigtglocke, M.ittagsglocke, S.ilberglocke und
B.etglocke
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Im oberen Achteck : W.estliche F.euerglocke und ö.stliche F.euerglocke
Die G.rosse G.locke ist mit 10,5 t die grösste G.locke der Schweiz.
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Name ................. Schlagton .... Gussjahr .... Giesser ............ Masse ........ Durchmesser
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G.rosse G.locke ..... e................... 1611 .......Zehnder / Füssli .......... ca. 10 t ... 247 cm
M.ittagsglocke ........ gis ............... 1583 ........F. Sermund ............... 6'395 kg ... 212 cm
P.redigtglocke ........ h ............... 1883 .........Gebr. Rüetschi ......... 3'322 kg ... 168,2 cm
B.urgerglocke ......... cis’ ...............1403 ........Kupferschmied ........ 3'850 kg .... 172,5 cm
A.rmsünderglocke .. cis’ ............1734 ...... Steiner/Zender/Rihs ... 2'300 kg ..... 151 cm
B.etglocke .............. e’ ..............1883 ......... Gebr. Rüetschi ..........1'428 kg ..... 126,5 cm
Hugo- oder
Silberglocke ........... gis’ .......... 1356 ....... unbekannt .................. ca. 770 kg . 106 cm
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Die zwei ältesten G.locken waren schon in der alten L.eutekirche aufgehängt.
Seit 1944 werden die G.locken elektrisch geläutet, nachdem an Silvester 1943 ein
G.löckner durch den K.löppel der G.rossen G.locke erschlagen worden war.
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I n n e r e s
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C h o r f e n s t e r
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Der C.hor enthält insgesamt sieben F.enster.
Die spätgotischen F.enster stammen aus der Zeit zwischen 1441 und 1455 und haben
eine Höhe von 12 Meter.
Die beiden zur Rechten des M.ittelfensters gelegenen stammen allerdings aus dem
J.ahre 1868 und zeigen S.zenen aus dem N.euen T.estament.
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O r g e l
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Die grosse M.ünsterorgel wurde 1726 erbaut. Nach dem letzten Umbau von 1998/1999
besitzt sie 71 klingende R.egister und über 5.400 P.feifen. Die kleinste P.feife misst
gerade mal 10 cm. Die grösste ist 10 Meter hoch, besteht aus H.olz und wiegt 750 kg.
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K a p e l l e n
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Bis zur Reformation waren die privat finanzierten K.apellen mit S.chranken von den
S.eitenschiffen abgetrennt. Die S.tifter hielten in „ihren“ K.apellen private M.essen
und G.ottesdienste ab.
Die K.apellen waren deshalb sehr vielfältig mit A.ltären, W.appen, G.lasmalereien und
K.unstw.erken ausgestattet. Sie waren in gewissem S.inne „ K.irchen in der K.irche“.
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Rudolf von Bern
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Bereits in der L.eutkirche war das G.rab des K.naben R.udolf von B.ern verehrt
worden, der am 17. A.pril 1294 angeblich Opfer eines j.üdischen R.itualmordes
geworden war.
Seine G.ebeine wurden in den K.reuzaltar des neuen Münsters übertragen, beim
B.ildersturm im Jahre 1529 jedoch wieder aus dem Münster entfernt und ausserhalb
der Kirche begraben.
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H a u p t m a s s e :
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- Gesamtlänge : 86,72 m
- Gesamtbreite : 37,55 m
- Gewölbehöhe : 20,70 m
- Turmhöhe Viereck : 46,00 m
- Turmhöhe gesamt : 100,60 m
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( BeschriebBernerMünster StadtBern AlbumStadtBern AlbumBernerMünster
AlbumKirchenKantonBern Kirche Chiuche Church Iglesia Kirke Kirkko Εκκλησία
Chiesa 教会 Kerk Kościół Igreja Церковь KantonBern Stadt City Ville シティ By 城市
Città Город Stad Schweiz Suisse Switzerland Svizzera Suissa Swiss Sveitsi Sviss
スイス Zwitserland Sveits Szwajcaria Suíça Suiza )
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G.ummib.oott.our auf der A.are am Donnerstag den 03. Juli 2014
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Ab Bern S.chw.ellenm.ätteli ( 17.10 U.hr ) bis zur W.ohleib.rücke ( 22.10 Uhr )
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R.ückfahrt im A.uto
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Hurni140703 AlbumZZZZ140703A.areB.ernS.chw.ellenm.ätteliW.ohleib.rücke KantonBern AlbumAare AlbumAareBernS.chw.ellenm.ätteliW.ehrF.elsenau AlbumAare
E - Mail : chrigu.hurni@bluemail.ch
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Letzte Aktualisierung - Ergänzung des Textes : 210123
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NIF
Original photo and description: Figure 3 in www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/3/362/htm
See also: 1. Artifacts and fossils of asteroid Ryugu: www.flickr.com/photos/fossil_lin/albums/72157718191849106
2. My albums: www.flickr.com/photos/fossil_lin/albums
3. My blog: wretchfossil.blogspot.com/
Dec 2009
Day 3 in Gdansk started with a wander to follow some Christmassy music - a local church was hosting a St Nicholas Day fete, including a guy dressed as St Nicholas. There was also food available in the form of bread, some sort of spread (herring?) and gerkhins (eugh yuk! not for me!), as well as cake.
After this distraction we headed to the Gdansk shipyard gates and the Monument to the Fallen Shipyard Workers 1970 which we had promised to take mum too.
We stopped off at the pieces of the Berlin Wall and Gdansk shipyard wall for quick photos.
Whilst at the Monument we heard and almighty noise of engines and horns honking. We had seen an unusually high police pressence as we walked by and wondered what was going on but we had no idea what to expect. Curiosity got the better of me and Paul (and mum and dad followed) and we came to see hundreds of people on motorbikes dressed as Santas (turns out there were 2300 bikes and 2900 participants - according to a Flickr source). The noise was unbelievable (although Paul tells me not as noisy as race days). Everyone dressed up was very festive. It is a charity event, collecting money for children's charities.
We stopped one guy dressed in a City of Westminster flourescent jacket - I asked if he was English and the answer was no. I asked if he had worked in England and again the answer was no. Somehow he had acquired a City of Westminster Keep the Streets Clean jacket. Very bizarre.
Paul and I very, very briefly toyed with whether we could come over next year on his bike. We quickly rejected the idea as (a) there were no other nationality's bikes and (b) it was freezing cold, and travelling across West and Central Europe on a bike in December wasn't that appealing!
Mum and Dad left us to watch the bikes and went off to the Solidarity / Solidarnosc Roads to Freedom exhibition and Paul and I spent some more time bike spotting and then headed for drinks and more gorgeous cakes.
After meeting with Mum and Dad and them having cakes too, we all headed to the bus stop as we intended to go and see Westerplatte where WW2 began. We looked at the bus times and unfortunately there was just one bus, which ran every 40 mins and which ran a limited service in Winter. Due to the time we couldn't guarantee getting back into Gdansk and we couldn't guarantee there would be taxis available, so sadly we had to opt out of the visit.
Instead Mum and Dad headed into Gdansk for a wander and Paul and I headed to the Christmas Market (which turned out to be a market, which only a slight Christmas flavour) and did some Christmas shopping for Paul and shared a Polish sausage which was yummy and filled a gap.
In the evening we headed out for food at the Sphinx restaurant which served, well, we weren't sure as the menu was entirely in Polish. Case of guess work and checking with the waiter who then served whatever we pointed to!
After food it was to Cafe Ferber once again for more drinks - Paul had a Bubble Gum shake which he said was too sickly. It was nice for a sip but I think he was brave to drink the lot. I stuck to Vodka.
Then it was a final few Christmas light photos and a relatively early night. We got up at 3am the next morning in order to catch a minibus which didn't turn up. So we took a taxi to the airport for our 6am flight home.
The William and Mary men’s basketball team led from start to finish and pushed its home-court winning streak to 14 games with a 77-58 victory over Elon on Wednesday night at Kaplan Arena. W&M shot 49 percent from the floor, knocked down ten 3-pointers and connected on 17-of-20 from the free throw line in outdistancing Elon. W&M remained in first place in the CAA at 10-3 in league and 16-8 overall, while Elon dropped to 11-15 on the year and 3-10 in CAA play.
Omar Prewitt led the Tribe, scoring 18 of his game-high 19 points in the first half to go with seven rebounds, four assists and two blocked shots. Sean Sheldon picked up his first career double-double with 11 points and 10 rebounds, while Marcus Thornton finished with 17 points and three assists.
The Tribe jumped out to an early advantage thanks in large part to the play of Prewitt and Sheldon. They combined for 24 of the Tribe’s opening 28 points as the Green and Gold opened up a double-digit advantage. W&M scored 11 of game’s first 13 points as four straight from Sheldon, including a pair of free throws, gave W&M the nine-point cushion.
Five straight from Elon closed the gap to 11-7 at the 13:51 mark, but W&M responded with and 8-2 run, including six from Prewitt. His 3-pointer from the left side extended the Tribe lead to 19-9. The Tribe lead remained in double digits, jumping to 30-15 on a Thornton setback jumper with four and a half minutes left in the half. The margin was 11 points following an Elijah Bryant jumper at the 3:20 mark, before the home team ripped off a 12-2 run to push its advantage over 20.
Connor Burchfield provided W&M with a huge lift off the bench, hitting back-to-back 3-pointers. A steal and fast break bucket from Thornton gave W&M a 17-point advantage and forced an Elon timeout. The Green and Gold run continued on a tough finish inside from Sheldon and a pair of Prewitt free throws, extending the lead to 42-21 with a minute left in the first half. W&M led by 19 at the intermission after shooting 51.7 percent (15-of-29), while limiting Elon to 36 percent (9-of-25) in the opening 20 minutes.
The visiting Phoenix scored eight of first 11 in the second half to draw within 14 points. Hamilton scored six straight points for Elon, including a steal and fast break lay-up to close the visitors to within 45-31 with 16:45 left.
After failing to hit a 3-pointer in the opening 20 minutes, Thornton knocked down back-to-back triples, including one of the step-back variety, to push the lead back to 18, 51-33, and the Phoenix never got closer than 15 points the rest of the way. His fast break lay-up off a Sheldon defensive rebound and look-ahead pass gave W&M a 60-40 lead with just under eight minutes remaining.
The cushion reached as many as 23 on a pair of occasions, including on Thornton’s third 3-pointer of the second half with 2:50 to play. From there, both teams emptied the bench and W&M picked up a 77-58 win, its 16th of the season. The 16 wins rank 10th in program history.
In a stark contrast from the earlier meeting this season, W&M limited Elon to just 3-of-22 (13.6 percent) from 3-point range, including only 1-of-14 from its top two scorers in Bryant and Tanner Samson. The Phoenix duo was 12-of-22 from long range and combined for 45 points in their home win over the Tribe in January. Elon finished the game shooting 40.3 percent (25-of-62) from the floor. Bryant led Elon with 15 points and 10 rebounds, but was just 5-of-15 from the field and 1-of-4 from 3-point range. Samson, who had 20 in the first meeting, finished with just two points and was 0-of-10 from 3-point range. Hamilton added 13 points, while Christian Hairston tallied 10 off the bench.
Playing without the services of guard Daniel Dixon, who was out due to injury, the Tribe received a number of contributions, especially from its freshman class. Rookie Oliver Tot garnered his first career start, finishing with three rebounds and two assists in a strong floor game. Greg Malinowski added six points, knocking down a pair of 3-pointers, to go along with two assists and fellow classmate Burchfield poured in six points on two 3-pointers. Tom Schalk added six points, four rebounds and a career-high three blocked shots off the bench.
W&M shot 49 percent (25-of-51) on the night, including a 10-of-24 (41.7 percent) effort from 3-point range. The Green and Gold continued its strong free throw shooting, connecting on 85 percent (17-of-20) from the charity stripe. The Tribe out rebounded Elon, 36-30, and dished out 14 assists on its 25 made field goals.
Red Weasel Media was sitting on the baseline to capture all of the high flying action.
We’ve fired up the Road Trip Time Machine and pointed it at BC Highway 3 for a look at this iconic road as it was between Princeton and Creston, in 1966. Beginning just outside of Hope and running along the southern edge of the BC and across the Alberta border, BC Highway 3 (also known as the Crowsnest Highway or the Southern Trans-Provincial), is an important route for travellers in and out of our beautiful province. Watch all the videos we captured so far and learn more about where they came from: www.tranbc.ca/tag/bc-road-trip-time-machine/