Damascus

 

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Damascus

دمشق Dimashq

 

View of Damascus from a bank of Barada river.

Nickname(s): (Al-Fayhaa) The Fragrant City

 

Damascus

 

Coordinates: 33°30′47″N 36°17′31″E / 33.51306°N 36.29194°E / 33.51306; 36.29194

Country Syria

Governorates Damascus Governorate, Capital City

Government

- Governor Bishr Al Sabban

Area

- City 573 km2 (221.2 sq mi)

- Metro 1,200 km2 (463.3 sq mi)

Elevation 600 m (1,969 ft)

Population (2007)[citation needed]

- City over 4 million

- Metro 6,500,000

Time zone EET (UTC+2)

- Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)

Area code(s) Country code: 963, City code: 11

Demonym Damascene

Damascus (Arabic: دمشق‎, transliteration: Dimashq, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is one of the the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and its current population is estimated at about 4,000,000[citation needed]. The city is a governorate by itself, and the capital of the governorate of Rif Dimashq ("Rural Damascus").

   

Etymology

In Arabic, the city is called دمشق الشام (Dimashq ash-Shām), although this is often shortened to either Dimashq or ash-Shām by the citizens of Damascus, of Syria and other Arab neighbors. Ash-Shām is an Arabic term for north and for Syria (Syria—particularly historical Greater Syria—is called Bilād ash-Shām—بلاد الشام, "land of the north"—in Arabic.) The etymology of the ancient name "Damascus" is uncertain, but it is suspected to be pre-Semitic. It is attested as Dimašqa in Akkadian, T-ms-ḳw in Egyptian, Dammaśq (דמשק) in Old Aramaic and Dammeśeq (דמשק) in Biblical Hebrew. The Akkadian spelling is the earliest attestation, found in the Amarna letters, from the 14th century BCE. Later Aramaic spellings of the name often include an intrusive resh (letter r), perhaps influenced by the root dr, meaning "dwelling". Thus, the Qumranic Darmeśeq (דרמשק), and Darmsûq (ܕܪܡܣܘܩ) in Syriac.[1][2]

  

History

Ancient City of Damascus*

UNESCO World Heritage Site

 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 

State Party Syria

Type Cultural

Criteria i, ii, iii, iv, vi

Reference 20

Region** Arab States

Inscription history

Inscription 1979 (3rd Session)

* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.

** Region as classified by UNESCO.

 

Ancient history

Excavations at Tell Ramad on the outskirts of the city have demonstrated that Damascus has been inhabited as early as 8,000 to 10,000 BC. It is due to this that Damascus is considered to be among the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. However, Damascus is not documented as an important city until the coming of the Aramaeans, Semitic nomads who arrived from Mesopotamia. It is known that it was the Aramaeans who first established the water distribution system of Damascus by constructing canals and tunnels which maximized the efficiency of the Barada river. The same network was later improved by the Romans and the Umayyads, and still forms the basis of the water system of the old part of Damascus today. It was mentioned in Genesis 14 as existing at the time of the War of the Kings.

 

According to the 1st century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus in his twenty-one volume Antiquities of the Jews, Damascus (along with Trachonitis), was founded by Uz, the son of Aram. Elsewhere, he stated:

 

Nicolaus of Damascus, in the fourth book of his History, says thus: "Abraham reigned at Damascus, being a foreigner, who came with an army out of the land above Babylon, called the land of the Chaldeans: but, after a long time, he got him up, and removed from that country also, with his people, and went into the land then called the land of Canaan, but now the land of Judea, and this when his posterity were become a multitude; as to which posterity of his, we relate their history in another work. Now the name of Abraham is even still famous in the country of Damascus; and there is shown a village named from him, The Habitation of Abraham.

 

Damascus is designated as having been part of the ancient province of Amurru in the Hyksos Kingdom, from 1720 to 1570 BC. (MacMillan, pp. 30–31). Some of the earliest Egyptian records are from the 1350 BC Amarna letters, when Damascus-(called Dimasqu) was ruled by king Biryawaza. In 1100 BC, the city became the center of a powerful Aramaean state called Aram Damascus. The Kings of Aram Damascus were involved in many wars in the area against the Assyrians and the Israelites. One of the Kings, Ben-Hadad II, fought Shalmaneser III at the Battle of Qarqar. The ruins of the Aramean town most probably lie under the eastern part of the old walled city. After Tiglath-Pileser III captured and destroyed the city in 732 BC, it lost its independence for hundreds of years, and it fell to the Neo-Babylonian Empire of Nebuchadnezzar starting in 572 BC. The Babylonian rule of the city came to an end in 538 BC when the Persians under Cyrus captured the city and made it the capital of the Persian province of Syria.

  

Greco-Roman

Damascus first came under western control with the giant campaign of Alexander the Great that swept through the near east. After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Damascus became the site of a struggle between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires. The control of the city passed frequently from one empire to the other. Seleucus Nicator, one of Alexander's generals, had made Antioch the capital of his vast empire, a decision that led Damascus' importance to decline compared with the newly founded Seleucid cities such as Latakia in the north.

 

In 64 BC, the Roman general Pompey annexed the western part of Syria. The Romans occupied Damascus and subsequently incorporated it into the league of ten cities known as the Decapolis because it was considered such an important center of Greco-Roman culture. According to the New Testament, St. Paul was on the road to Damascus when he received a vision, was struck blind and as a result converted to Christianity. In the year 37, Roman Emperor Caligula transferred Damascus into Nabataean control by decree.[citation needed] The Nabataean king Aretas IV Philopatris ruled Damascus from his capital Petra. However, around the year 106, Nabataea was conquered by the Romans, and Damascus returned to Roman control.

 

Damascus became a metropolis by the beginning of the second century and in 222 it was upgraded to a colonia by the Emperor Septimius Severus. During the Pax Romana, Damascus and the Roman province of Syria in general began to prosper. Damascus's importance as a caravan city was evident with the trade routes from southern Arabia, Palmyra, Petra, and the silk routes from China all converging on it. The city satisfied the Roman demands for eastern luxuries.

 

Little remains of the architecture of the Romans, but the town planning of the old city did have a lasting effect. The Roman architects brought together the Greek and Aramaean foundations of the city and fused them into a new layout measuring approximately 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) by 750 metres (2,500 ft), surrounded by a city wall. The city wall contained seven gates, but only the eastern gate (Bab Sharqi) remains from the Roman period. Roman Damascus lies mostly at depths of up to five meters (16.4 ft) below the modern city.

 

The old borough of Bab Tuma was developed at the end of the Roman/Byzantine era by the local Eastern Orthodox community. According to the Acts of the Apostles, Saint Paul and Saint Thomas both lived in that neighborhood. Roman Catholic historians also consider Bab Tuma to be the birthplace of several Popes such as John V and Gregory III.

  

Islamic Arab period

 

The Umayyad Mosque

Alsayyida Zaynab shrine domeDamascus was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate during the reign of Umar by forces under Khaled ibn al-Walid in 634 CE. Immediately thereafter, the city's power and prestige reached its peak when it became the capital of the Umayyad Empire, which extended from Spain to India from 661 to 750. In 744, the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II, moved the capital to Harran in the Jazira,[3] and Damascus was never to regain the political prominence it had held in that period.

 

After the fall of the Umayyads and the establishment of the Abbasid caliphate in 750, Damascus was ruled from Baghdad, although in 858 al-Mutawakkil briefly established his residence there with the intention of transferring his capital there from Samarra. However, he soon abandoned the idea. As the Abbasid caliphate declined, Damascus suffered from the prevailing instability, and came under the control of local dynasties.

 

In 970, the Fatimid Caliphs in Cairo gained control of Damascus. This was to usher in a turbulent period in the city's history, as the Berber troops who formed the backbone of the Fatimid forces became deeply unpopular among its citizens. The presence in Syria of the Qaramita and occasionally of Turkish military bands added to the constant pressure from the Bedouin. For a brief period from 978, Damascus was self-governing, under the leadership of a certain Qassam and protected by a citizen militia. However, the Ghouta was ravaged by the Bedouin and after a Turkish-led campaign the city once again surrendered to Fatimid rule. From 1029 to 1041 the Turkish military leader Anushtakin was governor of Damascus under the Fatimid caliph Al-Zahir, and did much to restore the city's prosperity.

 

It appears that during this period the slow transformation of Damascus from a Graeco-Roman city layout - characterised by blocks of insulae — to a more familiar Islamic pattern took place: the grid of straight streets changed to a pattern of narrow streets, with most residents living inside harat closed off at night by heavy wooden gates to protect against criminals and the exactions of the soldiery.

  

Seljuks and Crusader rule

 

The statue of Saladin in front of Damascus citadel.

Azem Palace.

Damascus WallsWith the arrival of the Seljuk Turks in the late 11th century, Damascus again became the capital of independent states. It was ruled by a Seljuk dynasty from 1079 to 1104, and then by another Turkish dynasty - the Burid Emirs, who withstood a siege of the city during the Second Crusade in 1148 . In 1154 Damascus was conquered from the Burids by the famous Zengid Atabeg Nur ad-Din of Aleppo, the great foe of the Crusaders. He made it his capital, and following his death, it was acquired by Saladin, the ruler of Egypt, who also made it his capital. Saladin rebuilt the citadel, and it is reported that under his rule the suburbs were as extensive as the city itself. It is reported by Ibn Jubayr that during the time of Saladin, Damascus welcomed seekers of knowledge and industrious youth from around the world, who arrived for the sake of "undistracted study and seclusion" in Damascus' many colleges.

 

In the years following Saladin's death in 1193, there were frequent conflicts between different Ayyubid sultans ruling in Damascus and Cairo. Damascus was the capital of independent Ayyubid rulers between 1193 and 1201, from 1218 to 1238, from 1239 to 1245, and from 1250 to 1260. At other times it was ruled by the Ayyubid rulers of Egypt. Damascus steel gained a legendary reputation among the Crusaders, and patterned steel is still "damascened". The patterned Byzantine and Chinese silks available through Damascus, one of the Western termini of the Silk Road, gave the English language "damask".

  

Mamluk rule

Ayyubid rule (and independence) came to an end with the Mongol invasion of Syria in 1260, and following the Mongol defeat at Ain Jalut in the same year, Damascus became a provincial capital of the Mamluk Empire, ruled from Egypt, following the Mongol withdrawal.

  

Timurlane

In 1400 Timur, the Turco-Mongol conqueror, besieged Damascus. The Mamluk sultan dispatched a deputation from Cairo, including Ibn Khaldun, who negotiated with him, but after their withdrawal he put the city to sack. The Umayyad Mosque was burnt and men and women taken into slavery. A huge number of the city's artisans were taken to Timur's capital at Samarkand. These were the luckier citizens: many were slaughtered and their heads piled up in a field outside the north-east corner of the walls, where a city square still bears the name burj al-ru'us, originally "the tower of heads".

 

Rebuilt, Damascus continued to serve as a Mamluk provincial capital until 1516.

  

The Ottoman conquest

 

Khan As'ad Pasha was built in 1752In early 1516, the Ottoman Turks, wary of the danger of an alliance between the Mamluks and the Persian Safavids, started a campaign of conquest against the Mamluk sultanate. On 21 September, the Mamluk governor of Damascus fled the city, and on 2 October the khutba in the Umayyad mosque was pronounced in the name of Selim I. The day after, the victorious sultan entered the city, staying for three months. On 15 December, he left Damascus by Bab al-Jabiya, intent on the conquest of Egypt. Little appeared to have changed in the city: one army had simply replaced another. However, on his return in October 1517, the sultan ordered the construction of a mosque, taqiyya and mausoleum at the shrine of Shaikh Muhi al-Din ibn Arabi in al-Salihiyah. This was to be the first of Damascus' great Ottoman monuments.

 

The Ottomans remained for the next 400 years, except for a brief occupation by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt from 1832 to 1840 . Because of its importance as the point of departure for one of the two great Hajj caravans to Mecca, Damascus was treated with more attention by the Porte than its size might have warranted — for most of this period, Aleppo was more populous and commercially more important. In 1560 the Taqiyya al-Sulaimaniyya, a mosque and khan for pilgrims on the road to Mecca, was completed to a design by the famous Ottoman architect Sinan, and soon afterwards a madrasa was built adjoining it.

  

The destroyed Christian quarter of Damascus, 1860.Perhaps the most notorious incident of these centuries was the massacre of Christians in 1860, when fighting between Druze (most probably supported by foreign countries to weaken the economical power) and Maronites in Mount Lebanon spilled over into the city. Several thousand Christians were killed, with many more being saved through the intervention of the Algerian exile Abd al-Qadir and his soldiers (three days after the massacre started), who brought them to safety in Abd al-Qadir's residence and the citadel. The Christian quarter of the old city (mostly inhabited by Catholics), including a number of churches, was burnt down. The Christian inhabitants of the notoriously poor and refractory Midan district outside the walls (mostly Orthodox) were, however, protected by their Muslim neighbours.

 

American Missionary E.C. Miller records that in 1867 the population of the city was 'about' 140,000, of whom 30,000 where Christians, 10,000 Jews and 100,000 'Mohammedans' with less than 100 Protestant Christians.[4]

  

Rise of Arab nationalism

In the early years of the twentieth century, nationalist sentiment in Damascus, initially cultural in its interest, began to take a political colouring, largely in reaction to the turkicisation programme of the Committee of Union and Progress government established in Istanbul in 1908. The hanging of a number of patriotic intellectuals by Jamal Pasha, governor of Damascus, in Beirut and Damascus in 1915 and 1916 further stoked nationalist feeling, and in 1918, as the forces of the Arab Revolt and the British army approached, residents fired on the retreating Turkish troops.

  

Modern

 

The Turkish Hospital in Damascus on 1 October 1918, shortly after the entry of the 4th Australian Light Horse Regiment.

Damascus in flames as the result of the French air raid on October 18, 1925.On 1 October 1918, the forces of the Arab revolt led by Nuri as-Said entered Damascus. The same day, Australian soldiers from the 4th and 10th Light Horse Regiments reinforced with detachments from the British Yeomanry Mounted Division entered the city and accepted its surrender from the Turkish appointed Governor Emir Said (installed as Governor the previous afternoon by the retreating Turkish Commander)[1][2]. A military government under Shukri Pasha was named. Other British forces including T. E. Lawrence followed later that day, and Faisal ibn Hussein was proclaimed king of Syria. Political tension rose in November 1917, when the new Bolshevik government in Russia revealed the Sykes-Picot Agreement whereby Britain and France had arranged to partition the Arab east between them. A new Franco-British proclamation on 17 November promised the "complete and definitive freeing of the peoples so long oppressed by the Turks." The Syrian Congress in March adopted a democratic constitution. However, the Versailles Conference had granted France a mandate over Syria, and in 1920 a French army commanded by the General Mariano Goybet crossed the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, defeated a small Syrian defensive expedition at the Battle of Maysalun and entered Damascus. The French made Damascus capital of their League of Nations Mandate of Syria.

 

When in 1925 the Druze revolt in the Hauran spread to Damascus, the French suppressed it brutally, bombing and shelling the city. The area of the old city between Al-Hamidiyah Souq and Medhat Pasha Souq was burned to the ground, with many deaths, and has since then been known as al-Hariqa ("the fire"). The old city was surrounded with barbed wire to prevent rebels infiltrating from the Ghouta, and a new road was built outside the northern ramparts to facilitate the movement of armored cars.

 

On 21 June 1941, Damascus was captured from the Vichy French forces by the Allies during the Syria-Lebanon campaign.

 

In 1945 the French once more bombed Damascus, but on this occasion British forces intervened and the French agreed to withdraw, thus leading to the full independence of Syria in 1946 . Damascus remained the capital. With the influx of Iraqi refugees beginning in 2003, and funds from the Persian Gulf, Damascus has been going through an economic boom ever since.

  

Geography

 

Damascus in spring seen from Spot satelliteDamascus lies about 80 km (50 mi) inland from the Mediterranean Sea, sheltered by the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. It lies on a plateau 680 metres (2,200 ft) above sea-level.

 

The old city of Damascus, enclosed by the city walls, lies on the south bank of the river Barada which is almost dry(3 cm left). To the south-east, north and north-east it is surrounded by suburban areas whose history stretches back to the Middle Ages: Midan in the south-west, Sarouja and Imara in the north and north-west. These districts originally arose on roads leading out of the city, near the tombs of religious figures. In the nineteenth century outlying villages developed on the slopes of Jabal Qasioun, overlooking the city, already the site of the al-Salihiyah district centred around the important shrine of Sheikh Muhi al-Din ibn Arabi. These new districts were initially settled by Kurdish soldiery and Muslim refugees from the European regions of the Ottoman Empire which had fallen under Christian rule. Thus they were known as al-Akrad (the Kurds) and al-Muhajirin (the migrants). They lay two to three kilometres (2 mi) north of the old city.

 

From the late nineteenth century on, a modern administrative and commercial centre began to spring up to the west of the old city, around the Barada, centred on the area known as al-Marjeh or the meadow. Al-Marjeh soon became the name of what was initially the central square of modern Damascus, with the city hall on it. The courts of justice, post office and railway station stood on higher ground slightly to the south. A Europeanised residential quarter soon began to be built on the road leading between al-Marjeh and al-Salihiyah. The commercial and administrative centre of the new city gradually shifted northwards slightly towards this area.

 

In the twentieth century, newer suburbs developed north of the Barada, and to some extent to the south, invading the Ghouta oasis. From 1955 the new district of Yarmouk became a second home to thousands of Palestinian refugees. City planners preferred to preserve the Ghouta as far as possible, and in the later twentieth century some of the main areas of development were to the north, in the western Mezzeh district and most recently along the Barada valley in Dummar in the northwest and on the slopes of the mountains at Berze in the north-east. Poorer areas, often built without official approval, have mostly developed south of the main city.

 

Damascus used to be surrounded by an oasis, the Ghouta region (الغوطة al-ġūṭä), watered by the Barada river. The Fijeh spring, west along the Barada valley, used to provides the city with drinking water. The Ghouta oasis has been decreasing in size with the rapid expansion of housing and industry in the city and it is almost dry. It has also become polluted due to the city's traffic, industry, and sewage.

  

Climate

Damascus' climate is semi arid, due to rain shadow effect of Anti-Lebanon mountain. Summers are hot with less humidity. Winters are cool and rainy or snowy. January Maximum & Minimum Temperatures are 11 °C (52 °F) and 0 °C (32 °F), lowest ever recorded are −13.5 °C (8 °F), The summer August Maximum & Minimum Temperature are 35 °C (95 °F) and 17 °C (63 °F), Highest ever recorded are 45.5 °C (113.9 °F), Annual rainfall around 20 cm (8 in), occur from November to March.[5]

 

Weather averages for Damascus

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average high °C (°F) 11

(53) 13

(57) 17

(64) 23

(74) 28

(84) 33

(92) 36

(96) 36

(96) 33

(91) 27

(81) 19

(67) 13

(56) 24

(76)

Average low °C (°F) 0

(33) 2

(36) 4

(40) 7

(46) 11

(52) 14

(58) 16

(62) 17

(63) 13

(57) 9

(49) 4

(40) 1

(35) 8

(48)

Precipitation cm (inches) 3

(1.5) 3

(1.3) 2

(0.9) 1

(0.5) 0

(0.2) 0

(0) 0

(0) 0

(0) 0

(0) 1

(0.4) 2

(1) 4

(1.7) 19

(7.6)

Source: Weatherbase[5] 2008

  

Demographics

 

People

 

Three Damascene women; lady wearing qabqabs, a Druze, and a peasant, 1873.The majority of the population in Damascus came as a result of rural-urban migration. It is believed that the local people of Damascus, called Damascene, are about 1.5 million. Damascus is considered by most people to be a very safe city. Haggling is common, especially in the traditional souks. Corruption is widespread, but in the past few years there have been aims at combating it, by both the government and non-governmental organizations. Tea, Mate (popular caffeinated beverage made from Yerba mate), and Turkish Coffee are the most common beverages in Damascus.

 

Religion

The majority of the inhabitants of Damascus—about 75%—are Sunni Muslims. It is believed that there are more than 2,000 mosques in Damascus, the most well-known being the Umayyad Mosque. Christians represent the remaining 15% and there a number of Christian districts, such as Bab Tuma, Kassaa, and Ghassani, with many churches, most notably the ancient Chapel of Saint Paul.

  

Historical sites

 

House of Saint AnaniasDamascus has a wealth of historical sites dating back to many different periods of the city's history. Since the city has been built up with every passing occupation, it has become almost impossible to excavate all the ruins of Damascus that lie up to 8 feet (2.4 m) below the modern level. The Citadel of Damascus is located in the northwest corner of the Old City. The Street Called Straight (referred to in the conversion of St. Paul in Acts 9:11), also known as the Via Recta, was the decumanus (East-West main street) of Roman Damascus, and extended for over 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Today, it consists of the street of Bab Sharqi and the Souk Medhat Pasha, a covered market. The Bab Sharqi street is filled with small shops and leads to the old Christian quarter of Bab Tuma (St. Thomas's Gate). Souk Medhat Pasha is also a main market in Damascus and was named after Medhat Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Syria who renovated the Souk. At the end of the Bab Sharqi street, one reaches the House of Ananias, an underground chapel that was the cellar of Ananias's house. The Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Grand Mosque of Damascus, is one of the largest mosques in the world, and one of the oldest sites of continuous prayer since the rise of Islam. A shrine in the mosque is said to contain the head of Husayn ibn Ali and the body of St. John the Baptist. The mausoleum where Saladin was buried is located in the gardens just outside the mosque. Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque, the shrine of the yongest daughter of Husayn ibn Ali, can also be found near the Umayyad Mosque. Another heavily visited site is Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque, which is the tomb of Zaynab bint Ali.

  

The walls and gates of Damascus

v • d • eOld City of Damascus

 

Azm PalaceDamascus

CitadelUmayyad Mosque

Gates

al-Jabiya · al-Saghir · Kisan · Sharqi · Tuma · al-Salam · Faradis

The Old City of Damascus is surrounded by ramparts on the northern and eastern sides and part of the southern side. There are seven extant city gates, the oldest of which dates back to the Roman period. These are, clockwise from the north of the citadel:

 

Bab al-Saghir (The Small Gate)

Bab al-Faradis ("the gate of the orchards", or "of the paradise")

Bab al-Salam ("the gate of peace"), all on the north boundary of the Old City

Bab Tuma ("Touma" or "Thomas's Gate") in the north-east corner, leading into the Christian quarter of the same name,

Bab Sharqi ("eastern gate") in the east wall, the only one to retain its Roman plan

Bab Kisan in the south-east, from which tradition holds that Saint Paul made his escape from Damascus, lowered from the ramparts in a basket; this gate is now closed and a chapel marking the event has been built into the structure,

Bab al-Jabiya at the entrance to Souk Midhat Pasha, in the south-west.

Other areas outside the walled city also bear the name "gate": Bab al-Faraj, Bab Mousalla and Bab Sreija, both to the south-west of the walled city.

  

Churches in the old city

 

The Minaret of the Bride, Umayyad Mosque in old Damascus.

Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque

Sayyidah Ruqayya MosqueCathedral of Damascus.

Virgin Mary's Cathedral.

House of Saint Ananias.

Chapel of Saint Paul.

The Roman Catholic Cathedral in Zaitoon (Olive) Alley.

The Damascene Saint Johan church.

Saint Paul's Laura.

Saint Georgeus's sanctuary.

 

Islamic sites in the old city

Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque

Sayyidah Ruqayya Mosque

Bab Saghir cemetery

Umayyad Mosque

Saladin Shrine.

 

Madrasas

Al-Adiliyah Madrasa.

Az-Zahiriyah Library.

Nur al-Din Madrasa.

 

Old Damascene houses

Azm Palace

Bayt al-Aqqad (Danish Institute in Damascus)

Maktab Anbar

Beit al-Mamlouka (Boutique Hotel)

 

Khans

Khan Jaqmaq

Khan As'ad Pasha

Khan Sulayman Pasha

 

Threats to the future of the old City

Due to the rapid decline of the population of Old Damascus (between 1995-2005 more than 20,000 people moved out of the old city for more modern accommodation), a growing number of buildings are being abandoned or are falling into disrepair. In March 2007, the local government announced that it would be demolishing Old City buildings along a 1,400-metre (4,600 ft) stretch of rampart walls as part of a redevelopment scheme. These factors resulted in the Old City being placed by the World Monuments Fund on its 2008 Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Sites in the world. It is hoped that its inclusion on the list will draw more public awareness to these significant threats to the future of the historic Old City of Damascus.

  

Current state of old Damascus

In spite of the recommendations of the UNESCO World Heritage Center:[3]

 

Souk El Atik, a protected buffer zone, was destroyed in three days in November 2006;

King Faysal Street, a traditional hand-craft region in a protected buffer zone near the walls of Old Damascus between the Citadel and Bab Touma, is threatened by a proposed motorway.

In 2007, the Old City of Damascus and notably the district of Bab Tuma have been recognized by The World Monument Fund as one of the most endangered sites in the world.[4]

 

Subdivisions

 

The ancient city of Damascus around the Omayyad Mosque

Azmeh Square in downtown DamascusDamascus is divided into many districts. Among them there are:

 

Abbasiyyin

Abou Rummaneh

Amara

Bahsa

Baramkah

Barzeh

Dummar

Jobar

Kafar Souseh

Malki

Mazraa

Mezzeh

Midan

Muhajreen

Qanawat

Rukn Eddeen

Al-Salihiyah

Sarouja

Sha'alan

Shaghoor

Tijara

 

ducation

Damascus is the main center of education in Syria. It is home to Damascus University, which is the oldest and by far the largest university in Syria. After the enactment of legislation allowing private secondary institutions, several new universities were established in the city and in the surrounding area.

  

Universities

 

Damascus National Museum.Damascus University

Syrian Virtual University

International University for Science and Technology

Higher Institute of Business Administration (HIBA)

Higher Institute for Applied Science and Technology (HIAST)

University of Kalamoon

Arab European University

National Institute of Administration

 

Transportation

 

Al-Hijaz StationThe main airport is Damascus International Airport, approximately 20 km (12 mi) away from the city center, with connections to many Asian, Europe, African, and recently, South American cities. Streets in Damascus are often narrow, mostly in the older parts of the city, and speed bumps are widely used to limit the speed.

 

Public transport in Damascus depends extensively on minibuses. There are about one hundred lines that operate inside the city and some of them extend from the city center to nearby suburbs. There is no schedule for the lines, and due to the limited number of official bus stops, buses will usually stop wherever a passenger needs to get on or off. The number of buses serving the same line is relatively high, which minimizes the waiting time. Lines are not numbered, rather they are given captions mostly indicating the two end points and possibly an important station along the line.

 

Al-Hijaz railway station, lies in the city center. Currently this station is closed, and railway connections with other cities take place in a suburb.

 

In 2008, the government announced a plan to construct an underground system in Damascus with opening time for the green line scheduled for 2015 Damascus Metro

  

Culture

Damascus was the 2008 Arab Capital of Culture.

  

Museums

National Museum of Damascus

Azem Palace

Military Museum

Museum of Arabic Calligraphy

 

Leisure activities

 

Damascus by night, pictured from Jabal Qasioun; the green spots are minarets

Parks and gardens

Tishreen Park is by far the largest park in Damascus. It is home to the yearly held Damascus Flower Show. Other parks include Aljahiz, Al sibbki, Altijara and Alwahda. Damascus' Ghouta (Oasis) is also a popular destination for recreation.

  

Cafe culture

Cafes are popular meeting spots for Damascene, where Arghilehs (water pipes) and popular beverages are served. Card games, Tables (backgammon variants), and chess are common in these cafes.

  

Sports

Popular sports include football, basketball, swimming and table tennis. Damascus is home to many sports clubs, such as:

 

Al Jaish

Al Wahda

Al Majd

Barada

 

Nearby attractions

Madaya

Bloudan

Zabadani

Maaloula

Saidnaya

 

Born in Damascus

Hadadezer King of Aram Damascus and leader of the coalition the 12 kings coalition that fought against Shalmaneser III

Nicolaus of Damascus (historian and philosopher)

John of Damascus (676-749) Christian saint

Ananias (Christian disciple involved in healing and preaching to Paul the Apostle)

Sophronius (Patriarch of Jerusalem)

Abd ar-Rahman I, Founder of Omayyad dynasty in Cordoba.

Izzat Husrieh, A renowned journalist and founder of the Syrian labor unions.

Khalid al-Azm, Former prime minister of Syria.

Shukri al-Quwatli, Former Syrian president and co-founder of the United Arab Republic.

Muna Wassef ( A Movie Star, and a United Nations Goodwill ambassador.)

Damascius (Byzantine philosopher)

Yasser Seirawan (chess player)

Ahmed Kuftaro (former grand mufti of Syria)

Ikram Antaki (Mexican writer)

Ghada al-Samman (novelist)

Nizar Qabbani (poet)

Michel Aflaq (political thinker and co-founder of the Baath Party)

Salah al-Din al-Bitar (political thinker and co-founder of the Baath Party)

Constantin Zureiq (academic and Arab nationalist intellectual)

Zakaria Tamer (writer)

Professor Aziz Al-Azmeh (academic, PhD in Oriental Studies)

Nazir Ismail (Artist)

Sheik Bashir Al Bani (Grand Sheik in Syria)

Mehdi Mourtada (Famous journalist and founder of WAS News Agency.

 

Volume pot on my honey blonde Fender P-Bass.

Mini quilt 24" x 30" Pantone Colour of the Year Emerald challenge. Blogged craftyshenanigans.blogspot.co.uk/2013/03/emerald-challeng... . You can just sort of see my hand stitched circles in the low-volume areas.

ONE OF THE WAY TO TRAIN THE "THE AWARENESS MUSCLE

 

is the critical run

and other emergency art format

 

CRITICAL RUN / Debate Format

 

Critical Run is an Art Format created by Thierry Geoffroy/Colonel

debate while running .

Debate and Run together,Now,before it is too late.

 

www.emergencyroomscanvas todo .org/criticalrun.html

 

The Art Format Critical Run has been activated in 30 differents countries with 120 different burning debates

New York,Cairo,London,Istanbul,Athens,Hanoi,Paris,Munich,Amsterdam Siberia,Copenhagen,Johanesburg,Moskow,Napoli,Sydney,

Wroclaw,Bruxelles,Rotterdam,Barcelona,Venice,Virginia,Stockholm,Århus,Kassel,Lyon,Trondheim, Berlin ,Toronto,Hannover ...

 

CRITICAL RUN happened on invitation from institution like Moma/PS1, Moderna Muset Stockholm ,Witte de With Rotterdam,ZKM Karlsruhe,Liverpool Biennale;Sprengel Museum etc..or have just happened on the spot because

a debate was necessary here and now.

 

In 2020 the Energy Room was an installation of 40 Critical Run at Museum Villa Stuck /Munich

part of Colonel solo show : The Awareness Muscle Training Center

 

----

 

Interesting publication for researches on running and art

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

 

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----

  

------------about Venice Biennale history from wikipedia ---------

curators previous

* 1948 – Rodolfo Pallucchini

* 1966 – Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua

* 1968 – Maurizio Calvesi and Guido Ballo

* 1970 – Umbro Apollonio

* 1972 – Mario Penelope

* 1974 – Vittorio Gregotti

* 1978 – Luigi Scarpa

* 1980 – Luigi Carluccio

* 1982 – Sisto Dalla Palma

* 1984 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1986 – Maurizio Calvesi

* 1988 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1990 – Giovanni Carandente

* 1993 – Achille Bonito Oliva

* 1995 – Jean Clair

* 1997 – Germano Celant

* 1999 – Harald Szeemann

* 2001 – Harald Szeemann

* 2003 – Francesco Bonami

* 2005 – María de Corral and Rosa Martinez

* 2007 – Robert Storr

* 2009 – Daniel Birnbaum

* 2011 – Bice Curiger

* 2013 – Massimiliano Gioni

* 2015 – Okwui Enwezor

* 2017 – Christine Macel[19]

* 2019 – Ralph Rugoff[20]

  

----------

 

#art #artist #artistic #artists #arte #artwork

 

Pavilion at the Venice Biennale #artcontemporain contemporary art Giardini arsenal

 

venice Veneziako VenecijaVenècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia VenedigΒενετία( Venetía Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Veneza VenețiaVenetsiya BenátkyBenetke Venecia Fenisוועניס Վենետիկ ভেনি স威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 ვენეციისવે નિસवेनिसヴェネツィアವೆನಿಸ್베니스வெனிஸ்వెనిస్เวนิซوینس Venetsiya

 

art umjetnost umění kunst taide τέχνη művészetList ealaín arte māksla menasarti Kunst sztuka artă umenie umetnost konstcelfקונסטարվեստincəsənətশিল্প艺术(yìshù)藝術 (yìshù)ხელოვნებაकलाkos duabアートಕಲೆសិល្បៈ미술(misul)ສິນລະປະകലकलाအတတ်ပညာकलाකලාවகலைఆర్ట్ศิลปะ آرٹsan'atnghệ thuậtفن (fan)אומנותهنرsanat artist

 

other Biennale :(Biennials ) :

Venice Biennial , Documenta Havana Biennial,Istanbul Biennial ( Istanbuli),Biennale de Lyon ,Dak'Art Berlin Biennial,Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial ,Bienal do Mercosul Porto Alegre.,Berlin Biennial ,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial .Yokohama Triennial Aichi Triennale,manifesta ,Copenhagen Biennale,Aichi Triennale .Yokohama Triennial,Echigo-Tsumari Triennial.Sharjah Biennial ,Biennale of Sydney, Liverpool , São Paulo Biennial ; Athens Biennale , Bienal do Mercosul ,Göteborg International Biennial for Contemporary Art ,DOCUMENTA KASSEL ATHENS

* Dakar

  

kritik [edit] kritikaria kritičar crític kritiker criticus kriitik kriitikko critique crítico Kritiker κριτικός(kritikós) kritikus Gagnrýnandi léirmheastóir critico kritiķis kritikas kritiku krytyk crítico critic crítico krytyk beirniad קריטיקער

 

Basque Veneziako Venecija [edit] Catalan Venècia Venedig Venetië Veneetsia Venetsia Venise Venecia Venedig Βενετία(Venetía) Hungarian Velence Feneyjar Venice Venezia Latvian Venēcija Venezja Venezia Wenecja Portuguese Veneza Veneția Venetsiya Benátky Benetke Venecia Fenis וועניס Վենետիկ ভেনিস 威尼斯 (wēinísī) 威尼斯 Georgian ვენეციის વેનિસ वेनिस ヴェネツィア ವೆನಿಸ್ 베니스 வெனிஸ் వెనిస్ เวนิซ وینس Venetsiya

 

Thierry Geoffroy / Colonel

#thierrygeoffroy #geoffroycolonel #thierrygeoffroycololonel #lecolonel #biennalist

 

#artformat #formatart

#emergencyart #urgencyart #urgentart #artofthenow #nowart

emergency art emergency art urgency artist de garde vagt alarm emergency room necessityart artistrole exigencyart predicament prediction pressureart

 

#InstitutionalCritique

 

#venicebiennale #venicebiennale2017 #venicebiennale2015

#venicebiennale2019

#venice #biennale #venicebiennale #venezia #italy

#venezia #venice #veniceitaly #venicebiennale

 

#pastlife #memory #venicebiennale #venice #Venezia #italy #hotelveniceitalia #artexhibit #artshow #internationalart #contemporaryart #themundane #summerday

 

#biennalevenice

 

Institutional Critique

 

Identity Politics Post-War Consumerism, Engagement with Mass Media, Performance Art, The Body, Film/Video, Political, Collage, , Cultural Commentary, Self as Subject, Color Photography, Related to Fashion, Digital Culture, Photography, Human Figure, Technology

 

Racial and Ethnic Identity, Neo-Conceptualism, Diaristic

 

Contemporary Re-creations, Popular Culture, Appropriation, Contemporary Sculpture,

 

Culture, Collective History, Group of Portraits, Photographic Source

 

, Endurance Art, Film/Video,, Conceptual Art and Contemporary Conceptualism, Color Photography, Human Figure, Cultural Commentary

 

War and Military, Political Figures, Social Action, Racial and Ethnic Identity, Conflict

 

Personal Histories, Alter Egos and Avatars

 

Use of Common Materials, Found Objects, Related to Literature, Installation, Mixed-Media, Engagement with Mass Media, Collage,, Outdoor Art, Work on Paper, Text

  

Appropriation (art) Art intervention Classificatory disputes about art Conceptual art Environmental sculpture Found object Interactive art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Performance art Sound art Sound installation Street installations Video installation Conceptual art Art movements Postmodern art Contemporary art Art media Aesthetics Conceptualism

 

Post-conceptualism Anti-anti-art Body art Conceptual architecture Contemporary art Experiments in Art and Technology Found object Happening Fluxus Information art Installation art Intermedia Land art Modern art Neo-conceptual art Net art Postmodern art Generative Art Street installation Systems art Video art Visual arts ART/MEDIA conceptual artis

 

—-

 

CRITICAL RUN is an art format developed by Thierry Geoffroy / COLONEL, It follows the spirit of ULTRACONTEMPORARY and EMERGENCY ART as well as aims to train the AWARENESS MUSCLE.​

Critical Run has been activated on invitation from institutions such as Moderna Muset Stockholm, Moma PS1 ,Witte de With Rotterdam, ZKM Karlsruhe, Liverpool Biennale, Manifesta Biennial ,Sprengel Museum,Venice Biennale but have also just happened on the spot because a debate was necessary here and now.

 

It has been activated in Beijing, Cairo, London, Istanbul, Athens, Kassel, Sao Paolo, Hanoi, Istanbul, Paris, Copenhagen, Moskow, Napoli, Sydney, Wroclaw, Bruxelles, Rotterdam, Siberia, Karlsruhe, Barcelona, Aalborg, Venice, Virginia, Stockholm, Aarhus, Rio de Janeiro, Budapest, Washington, Lyon, Caracas, Trondheim, Berlin, Toronto, Hannover, Haage, Newtown, Cartagena, Tallinn, Herning, Roskilde;Mannheim ;Munich etc...

 

The run debates are about emergency topics like Climate Change , Xenophobia , Wars , Hyppocrisie , Apathy ,etc ...

 

Participants have been very various from Sweddish art critics , German police , American climate activist , Chinese Gallerists , Brasilian students , etc ...

 

Critical Run is an art format , like Emergency Room or Biennalist and is part of Emergency Art ULTRACONTEMPORARY and AWARENESS MUSCLE .

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/criticalrun.html

 

www.emergencyrooms.org/formats.html

-------

In 2020 a large exhibition will show 40 of the Critical Run at the Museum Villa Stuck in Munich / part of the Awareness Muscle Training Center

------

for activating the format or for inviting the installation

please contact 1@colonel.dk

 

www.colonel.dk/

 

-----

 

critical,run,art,format,debate ,artformat,formatart,moment,clarity,emergency,kunst,

 

Sport,effort,curator,artist,urgency,urgence,criticalrun,emergencies,ultracontemporary

,rundebate,sport,art,activism, critic,laufen,Thierry Geoffroy , Colonel,kunstformat

 

,now art,copenhagen,denmark

 

Made for Craft Buds Craft Book Month 2014

Pattern from Emily Cier's book Scrap Republic

Today was my first day back at college. The lecturer used me as a model, which I always love :-)

Cultivated fields, Germany.

February 2015 | Smartphone camera | Instagram

 

Click here for the book preview

 

© January 2015 Fabrizio Zago - All rights reserved

 

Facebook | Instagram | My official website www.fabriziozago.com

 

My books:

 

Unexpected memories - Volume 3

 

Some days in Hamburg

 

Some days in Copenhagen

 

United States Coast to Coast

 

Fabrizio Zago

© All rights reserved

My grandma asked me to make her what I would call a couch runner -- she wanted a quilt to cover just the cushions of her couch. She also asked that it go with the pale beige colour of the couch.

 

I was inspired by the Thimble Blossoms pattern Summer (which is really just an interesting arrangement of Road to Tennessee blocks.) I had three different low volume bundles from Pink Castle Fabrics which I thought would work well with the beige couch.

 

Grandma loved it. The funny part is that she loved the backing fabric so much (a print from Serenade by Basic Grey with music all over it, chosen because she is a pianist) that she actually is using the quilt reversed, with the backing showing. I'm just happy that she loves it and it's her quilt so she can use it however she wants!

 

Title: Low Volume Couch Runner

Pattern: "Summer" by Thimble Blossoms

Fabrics: Three different low volume bundles. There are 24 different low volume fabrics in the blocks. The binding is a print called "Faux Bois" from the line Les Amis by Patty Sloniger.

Quilting: Overlapping swirls and circles as taught in Angela Walter's Craftsy class Machine Quilting Negative Space. I used Connecting Threads Essential Cotton Thread in white.

Batting: Hobbs Heirloom Premium 80/20 batting.

Finished Size: 24" by 72". Each "circle" block is 6" square.

Started: November 2013

Completed: December 2013

 

I have to say that Angela Walter's Craftsy class is fantastic. I wanted to heavily quilt this since it would be sat on a used often and I always wanted to try the overlapping swirls and circles design that I've seen quite a bit. The class taught it very clearly and I feel like a total superstar for being able to do it!

 

(Also: Holy moly it is hard to take a picture of a low volume quilt in the depths of a Canadian winter!)

There are many towns in the world that go by the handle “Highland Park.” New Jersey, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Florida all contain Highland Parks. So do the countries of New Zealand and Canada. We will spend the next 36 hours in the Highland Park located in northeast Los Angeles, California - a low-key working-class neighborhood with an exciting variety of dining and cultural options.

 

Friday

 

6pm: We start our weekend with a drink at Johnny’s on York Boulevard (4). The place is full. The speakers are buzzing at a moderate volume with the bass line from Devo’s “Uncontrollable Urge.” The foosball and pool tables make for great entertainment whether you're playing or just spectating. There's a nice not-trying-too-hard-to-be-cool vibe to the place.

 

8pm: You won't find any pizza in LA both better and cheaper than the Neapolitan-style pies at Folliero's (3). On most nights you're sure to catch a glimpse of Titina Folliero, whose father Tony started the restaurant in 1968. These days there are post-impressionist paintings of Los Angeles on the brick walls, which are earthquake-retrofitted with several massive I-beams. Dinners here are a solid tradition among local families. Some patrons say they have been coming since "before they were born"!

 

9:30pm: Across the street from Folliero’s is an old dive bar and bowling alley called Mr. T’s Bowl. Perhaps the best thing about this place is the sound man Arlo. Bands have been named after him. He seems to have no last name, even to his good friends. Arlo is renowned among the indie musicians of Los Angeles for A) giving a hoot, B) not being totally deaf, and C) being an extremely good egg. Between bands he spins Dave Brubeck and the Breeders.

 

Saturday

 

8am: Saturday morning breakfast is at Café de Leche, about two doors down from Johnny’s on York. Café de Leche is about as trendy as Highland Park gets. We would guess this is due to the proximity of Occidental College and the more affluent neighborhoods of Eagle Rock. The coffee is great, as are the pastries.

 

10am: Highland Park is a small neighborhood, quite navigable by bike. The Flying Pigeon both sells and rents bicycles (ask for Car - despite her name, she's an expert on bikes). With an elegant and reliable set of wheels we're ready to explore the rest of the day's activities under our own power.

 

12pm: On weekends, the house and gardens built by the renowned author, historian and bon vivant Charles Lummis are open to visitors. Lummis wrote many books about the American Southwest, worked for the LA Times, and founded the Southwest Museum, the first museum in Los Angeles. The walls of his house are constructed of big river rocks. The doors are carved from thick slabs of oak. Inside the Lummis house are objects and pictures related to his life and work. Outside, huge sycamore trees shade the gardens and walkways.

 

1:30pm: The Good Girl Dinette advertises "American diner meets Vietnamese comfort food", and the tightly edited menu offers such delights as rice noodle salads (6), curry pot pies, banh mi with spicy fries, and "Grandma's pho". Chef and owner Diep Tran is an enthusiastic member of the community and sources some of her ingredients from local urban farmers - she's even hoping to work out an arrangement with the community garden just two blocks away.

 

3pm: After lunch we visit Galco's (1), a strangely world-famous "mom and pop pop shop." It turns out that there are hundreds of varieties of carbonated drinks that few have heard of or tasted. These drinks have been shouldered off the grocery shelves by bigger brands that literally pay for retail space. One of the few places to try these hundreds of different soda pops from around the globe is Galco's. There's also time to look at some funky old shirts at a thrift store called Urchin, play a couple of used guitars at Future Music, and peruse the vinyl at Wombleton Records.

 

6pm: As the sun sets, we stop on the sidewalk to pick up a couple of excellent made-to-order tacos at a place with no name (5). These two guys don't need a name, apparently, because they know how to cook. Everything costs one dollar. Their advertising is strictly olfactory. There is always a throng of hungry people there.

 

7pm: We join the fleet of bikers touring the neighborhood art galleries, which all have openings on the second Saturday of every month. Along with the Future Studio, Clare Graham’s MorYork Gallery (7) is a crowd favorite. This place is huge and filled with astonishingly labor-intensive sculptures. You have never seen more buttons, wooden yardsticks, scrabble tiles, neck vertebrae, or pop tops. The MorYork is very art-creepy and not to be missed.

 

10pm: For a final drink and bite to eat just cross the street to The York. This being a Saturday night, a DJ is crankin' some old-school hip hop. The bartenders make a decent margarita (2), and the gastropub fare includes steak & fries, truffle mac & cheese, and shrimp bruschetta (they also do a weekend brunch).

 

Sunday

 

8am: Antigua Bread will set you up with coffee, but if you want more, we recommend the Antigua breakfast. It's a simple winning combo of eggs, frijoles and platanos con crema.

 

10am: What better way to spend your Sunday than with a round of miniature golf at the Arroyo Seco municipal golf course? Four bucks gets you nine holes with your own colored ball and club. Most of the holes initially appear pretty easy, but -- as they say -- hilarity ensues. The blades of the windmill seem to have a knack for interception. There is a hole where gravity exerts its force diagonally. The dollhouse architecture verges on the Escher-esque.

 

12pm: The Arroyo Seco Grill at the course is a relaxed and sunny place for a meal. From the outdoor seating, we can observe the progress of the next group of miniature golfers while we dine on classic all-American fare. You can't go wrong with a burger, a tuna salad sandwich, or an omelet (breakfast, of course, is served all day).

 

Lighting:

1) SB-800 with a diffusion dome high camera left, after careful soda-bottle curation

2) SB-900 with a 1/4 CTO gel in a Lumiquest LTp softbox camera left and a little behind the subject. Camera on a tripod partly blocking the path to the restroom, necessitating many pauses.

3) SB-900 with a 1/4 CTO gel through a semi-collapsed umbrella high camera right, and an SB-800 with a diffusion dome far camera left, wedged between a tower of pizza boxes and the wall, lighting the pizza-maker in the background.

4) SB-900 with a 3/4 CTO gel in a Lumiquest LTp softbox camera right, and a slow shutter speed to capture ambient light & motion. Bouncer asked what I was doing, and told me "some of our customers probably don't want to have their picture taken." I did not inquire as to the reason why.

5) bare SB-800 camera left for a cooler accent against the warm lights of the taco stand camera right.

6) window light behind the subject, and a white reflector camera right to bounce fill into the small bowl of charred pork.

7) ambient light from many, many sources (quite a few of them visible in the image!)

 

See an expanded set of images created in pursuit of this assignment here. I shot at almost every location in my itinerary, met so many local businessfolk, and had a fantastic time. It got me to visit places I'd only passed by before, and set me up with contacts for possible future work. I'd call it a rousing success!

 

Update: One of the photos I shot at the Good Girl Dinette and gave to the owner has been used in an LA Times interview with her!

 

website | twitter | google+

Massan with his new drifter frame from the Volume Bikes Drift Contest!

turn it up

Featured in Volume 10 - The World Issue. Volume is out now from Charlotte St and Wardour St News, London or online from www.newsstand.co.uk and www.volume-magazine.co.uk

peaceforeverever.co.uk/

www.robinpope.co.uk

www.robinLDN.blogspot.com

© 2013 All rights reserved Robin Pope

Hey partner! Do you think LV hexies could work for you?

🍃 #STAND Volume 6 arrive Thailand.✨

🌿🌸 Available to view for FREE online, just click the covers below.

www.thestandmag.com/volume-6

 

To purchase a copy of the book, please visit our bookstore at

www.blurb.com/user/standmag

The 44th Monorail Monday - Volume 7 - shot features Spaceship Earth, lots of blue sky and Monorail Lime as it arrives at the EPCOT Station.

 

f you post your Monorail Monday images to Google+, please add the tag #MonorailMonday

 

Walt Disney World | EPCOT Center | Future World | Monorail Lime

 

Thanks for looking. I appreciate feedback!

Like many British specialist manufacturers, AC Cars had been using the Bristol straight-6 engine in its small-volume production, including its AC Ace 2-seater roadster. This had a hand-built body with a steel tube frame, and aluminium body panels that were made using English wheeling machines. The engine was a pre-World War II design of BMW which by the 1960s was considered dated. Bristol decided in 1961 to cease production of its engine and instead to use Chrysler 331 cu in (5.4 L) V8 engines. Although untrue, it is commonly believed that AC was left without a future source of power and that American ex-racing driver Carroll Shelby saved the company from bankruptcy. AC started using the 2.6 litre Ford Zephyr engine in its cars. In September 1961, Shelby airmailed AC a letter asking them if they would build him a car modified to accept a V8 engine. AC agreed, provided a suitable engine could be found. He first went to Chevrolet to see if they would provide him with engines, but not wanting to add competition to the Corvette they said no. Ford however, wanted a car that could compete with the Corvette and they happened to have a brand new thin-wall small-block engine which could be used in this endeavor. It was Ford's 260 in³ HiPo (4.2 L) engine – a new lightweight, thin-wall cast small-block V8 tuned for high performance. Ford provided Shelby with two engines. In January 1962 mechanics at AC Cars in Thames Ditton, Surrey fitted the prototype chassis CSX0001 with a 260 ci Ford V8; the 221 ci was never sent. However, early engineering drawings were titled "AC Ace 3.6". After testing and modification, the engine and transmission were removed and the chassis was air-freighted to Shelby in Los Angeles on 2 February 1962.[4] His team fitted it with an engine and transmission in less than eight hours at Dean Moon's shop in Santa Fe Springs, California, and began road-testing.

 

more info: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_Cobra

High Volume Pump, WX54 VKJ [PM040] (DC10H) on scene of a industrial fire in London.

Volume Customer Appreciation and After Party

type - space - volume exploration

XA2

 

Another view of Royal Langkawi Yacht Club.

  

© copyrighted

  

The New Faerie Zine, Volume 2, Here is a preview of the cover of the 2nd issue of the zine. This zine will be around around 70 pages long. It will include color pages and black/whites of good quality!

 

This issue will include:

Houdinimania (Harry Houdini Info)

The Magic Society

Spiritualism and Fairies-The Link!

Goldilocks, The Full Story!

Carmel, California-The Fairytale By The Sea!

Artists Spotlights, Gallery, Showcases from altered art to primitve art to doll art, to pop art, digital art, etc.

Julia Margaret Cameron

Pandora's Box

Merlin

Altered Art Projects ( Lanterns, Jar Fairies, Etc.)

and Techniques.

Recipes: Green Curry Chicken, Lemon Lavender Cupcakes, etc.

The Legend Of The Fiji Mermaid

Side Shows and Carnival Magic

Short Stories and Much, Much More!

 

Hugs! Magic! Joy!

LISA KETTELL aka MOONFAIRES!

 

20190317

Nikon FE

Ai NIKKOR 50mm F1.4

FUJICOLOR SUPER G 200 expired 2001-4

99830012

Just a quick shot of one of the guitars in my household. Hope everyone had a great 4th.

Anatomical chart from Cyclopaedia, 1728, volume 1, between pages 84 and 85.

Chambers, Ephraim, 1680 (ca.)-1740 / Cyclopaedia, or, An universal dictionary of arts and sciences : containing the definitions of the terms, and accounts of the things signify'd thereby, in the several arts, both liberal and mechanical, and the several sciences, human and divine : the figures, kinds, properties, productions, preparations, and uses, of things natural and artificial : the rise, progress, and state of things ecclesiastical, civil, military, and commercial : with the several systems, sects, opinions, &c : among philosophers, divines, mathematicians, physicians, antiquaries, criticks, &c : the whole intended as a course of antient and modern learning

The First Volume (1728)

 

From "Wikipedia Commons.

Volume II of my temporary files opens on a difficult period of my life, during my rehabilitation at the Saint-Yves clinic following a fairly serious health accident (see my series « Heart Passages » published last year)

 

It ends at work, and in the immediate vicinity of my company’s offices.

(Because yes, I also photograph at work :-) )

On the drive there, I began to feel queasy, as I realized something.

 

Batman: Wait... Why wasn't I still bleeding out at the cave?

 

As I realized this, the batmobile faded from around me. Green smoke entered the darkness of my vision, as I began to hear Crane's voice again.

 

Scarecrow: Oh ho ho... Oh Batman. I didn't think you'd figure that out.

 

I looked down, and saw my stomach rip open again, but I didn't feel anything. Scarecrow must've injured me just enough to make me think I was stabbed, and made me visualize it through the toxins, but never actually see it. The toxins must've faded by the time I got to the cave... The only explanation for this to happen, was for Crane to be in the car! I swiftly jolted around, and punched him in the face.

 

Scarecrow: Ach!

 

My vision faded back to normal, and I saw Crane lying back in the backseat of the batmobile. I saw his limped over body extend it's finger forward, as I saw in the front window that I got distracted from the fear toxin, and the car was hurling towards a building.

 

Batman: Aghh!!!

 

Scarecrow: Hah ha ha!

 

I quickly turned out of the way, and kept driving in a straight line. I was close to Gotham University.

 

Batman: So what was your plan, Crane? Just to distract me long enough so I'd get in a car crash?

 

Scarecrow: Yes, pretty much. While unsuccessful, it was fun to watch.

 

Batman: Surely.

 

I stopped the car in front of Gotham University, and saw how run down it was. I got out of the batmobile, Scarecrow did as well.

 

Batman: I'm only letting you come in with me so you'll stay out of trouble. Deal?

 

Crane put his hands up in front of his chest.

 

Scarecrow: Okay, okay.

 

I opened the door to the building... It was pitch black, completely empty.

 

Batman: What the-?!

 

I fell onto the ground, as Crane hit me in the back of the head.

 

A bit later...

 

I woke up. I was handcuffed. I looked to my sides, and saw I was along side of Robin, Harvey Dent, and the Commissioner. They were all also handcuffed.

 

Robin: Finally, you're awake.

 

I looked up, and saw Edward Nygma, along side the rest of his gang. Edward was wearing purple and green clothing, with a mask, cane, and bowler cap.

 

Edward: Well well well. You finally did it, "Dark Knight".

 

Batman: Nygma.

 

Edward: You can call me... The Riddler.

 

Gordon: I'm not calling you anything, other than arrest..! Uncuff me right now, maniac!

 

Riddler: Now now... Let's not get hasty, Commissioner.

 

Batman: What's your plan, "Riddler"?!

 

Riddler: I was about to explain that... But first, let me explain how I got here. It all started when I hired Victor Zsasz as a fake drug dealer, selling random fake pills I made. Which, by the way, why didn't you just put those into your scanner?

 

Batman: You've been spying on me?!

 

Riddler: Indeed I have, Bat..! Which is why I know your deepest darkest secret... Who's beneath the mask?

 

My jaw dropped.

 

Robin: W-...Woah... Do your gang members know about us, too?

 

Riddler: Not yet. I'll explain that shortly... Anyways, next, I got Selina here to steal some diamonds for me. That's how I made this.

 

He pointed the diamond at the end of his cane towards me...

 

Riddler: Do you like it?

 

Batman: Hm...

 

He pulled the cane back again.

 

Riddler: Next, I told the Joker about Penguin's business, as a red hearing. Then, you met up with Crane. Then, Garfield, who gave you the first of my riddles you've noticed.

 

Batman: "Noticed"?

 

Riddler: Oh, I put them all around the city for fun. Some of them actually correspond with other people's crimes. Keep a look out for those, you won't regret it.

 

Batman: I'll keep that in mind.

 

Riddler: And now, we're here. Where, I have a game. I will give you each 10 minutes to solve all of my riddles. Each one you get right, you get a piece for this puzzle. If the puzzle is completed, you win. Me and my gang will all be sent to some kind of prison, maybe Arkham, maybe Blackgate.

 

Firefly: Wait, I didn't know that was in the deal..!

 

Riddler: Quiet. If you lose, I'll set everyone in any prison in Gotham. Blackgate, Arkham, what have you, free. Every single one, will be set free. But that's not all. I will also be taking control of an opera house, and invite every criminal in Gotham, and reveal to every single on the true identity of both Batman and Robin!!!

 

Robin: My god...

 

Riddler: Now that the stakes are high...

 

He held a remote in the air with one hand, and pointed at a timer on the wall with the other...

 

Riddler: ...Go!!!

 

~Madam Web

 

This bound volume of a year of the childrens' magazine "The Peep Show" is not dated but it carries an inscription "Bertha Ashton from her loving Father Xmas '91". It appears to be a years worth of morality tales, illustrations of children and animals, and educational instruction. It is very much in the usual line of children's publications of the late 19th century.

 

We bought it for the title since we collect optical toys. On examination of the illustrations and stories we discovered that the name "Peep Show" did not refer, as it usually does, to the view boxes containing pictures and objects that are viewed through a lens but rather to a magic lantern. Since we collect magic lanterns we were still pleased to have it. I have posted some of the illustrations.

PROHIBITION TOWN

 

(TURN UP YOUR VOLUME, THIS IS AMBIENCE FOR YOUR SIM OR PARCEL-MAY BE HARD TO HEAR ON MOBILE APP)

 

JUNIPER EVENTS in partnership with Silly Llama Productions & SHORT LEASH proudly brings 🌟 Vintage Fair 2024 🌟

 

📅 Date: June 7-17 @Noon SLT

📍 Location: VINTAGE FAIR LANDMARK

 

Vintage Fair Item: THE SOUNDS GREAT!

 

The Sounds great! Full Sim Surround Sound Systems are designed to easily add an extra layer of immersive ambience to your sim or parcel.

 

JUNIPER EVENTS FLICKR

SHOPPING GUIDE

EVENT SPONSORS AND DESIGNERS

 

THE ANNEX

BE SPOKE

GRASSHOPPER ST

MADAME NOIR

MIGNONNE

ROAWENWOOD

SIMPLY SHELBY

WEB DEW

  

MY LINKTREE♥

  

Pentax K5IIs & Tamron Di 90mm f2.8 macro

Volume 2: Salem, Mass

cotton candy, cherry blossoms, nails and fortune tellers

 

A roughly 34 year old volume knob from a strat style Fender knock-off.

Taken with a Canon 60mm USM Macro lens. Type L for a better view.

 

Happy Thanksgiving!

 

Our Daily Challenge - White On White -11/24/11

She & Him

Volume Two

Merge Records

Black 180 gram

Pump up the Volume.

Henry Margu wig. Found on the internet.

Volume 1 1789

Volume Customer Appreciation and After Party

This was in a storefront window in Keyport. Nikon F3HP, ORWO UN54, Rodinal 1:50.

This illuminated manuscript is volume 3 of a work on the duties of Muslims toward the Prophet Muhammad known as al-Shifāʾ by ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī (d. 544 AH / 1149 CE). It was copied in the twelfth century AH / eighteenth CE in the Maghreb. The text is written in Maghribīi script in black ink with certain words highlighted in red and blue. The manuscript opens with an illuminated titlepiece indicating that it is volume 3 of al-Shifāʾ (fol. 2a), which is followed by a double-page frontispiece (fols. 2b-3a) and a page with another illuminated titlepiece (fol. 3b). It concludes with an illuminated explicit with tailpiece inscribed with the prayer for the Prophet Muhammad (fol. 140a). The binding is reddish-brown goatskin with a gold-tooled frame and a central medallion of geometric design with two pendants. This illuminated page begins with al-sifr al-thālith min Kitāb al-Shifā, written in a large Maghribi script in gold ink, indicating that it is the third volume of Kitāb al-Shifā by ʿIyāḍ al-Yaḥṣubī. The inscription above the main framed area states that it is the third volume of the book of al-Shifā in the hadith.

 

To explore fully digitized manuscripts with a virtual page-turning application, please visit Walters Ex Libris.

Lime kiln with volume of 80 cubic meters with lighting masts on left and boiler houste stack on right.

 

Piece do wypalania wapna stanowią niezwykle istotny element parku maszynowego cukrowni. Wapno palone, poddane lasowaniu do mleka wapiennego pełni niebagatelną rolę w procesie oczyszczania soku z buraka cukrowego. Jednocześnie zagospodarowywane są spaliny, pochodzące z procesu wypalania wapna. Widoczny tutaj pośrodku piec ma pojemność 80 metrów sześciennych. Jest to tzw. piec szybowy, do którego od góry zasypywany był na przemian koks, służący jako paliwo i wsad, czyli kamień wapienny. Temperatura panująca w piecu, w tzw. strefie ogniowej wynosiła 900 stopni Celsjusza i dzięki temu następował rozkład węglanu wapnia do tlenku wapnia i dwutlenku węgla. Jednocześnie od dołu wtłaczane było zimne powietrze, które gwarantowało schłodzenie produktu pieca i zapewniało tlen w procesie spalania. Odciągnięte od góry spaliny były poddawane procesowi chłodzenia i oczyszczania w płuczkach, skąd kierowane były do produkcji cukru jako tzw. gaz saturacyjny. Materiał wsadowy i koks wciągane były na szczyt pieca przy pomocy skipu, będącego po prostu kubłem, poruszającym się po pochyłej rampie. Na lewo od pieca widać rząd masztów oświetleniowych, natomiast na prawo komin kotłowni zakładowej.

The very first time I satisfied Mason Reed, we were standing nude in a financial institution, bordered by weapons. That ought to have been a caution. A Mixed Martial Arts fitness instructor, benefactor, and also champ, however not a male that quits effortlessly, Mason is problem dipped in ink as well as covered in muscular tissue. Maturing in foster treatment, I'm well

 

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