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A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. Hydrothermal vents exist because the earth is both geologically active and has large amounts of water on its surface and within its crust. Common land types include hot springs, fumaroles and geysers. Under the sea, hydrothermal vents may form features called black smokers. Relative to the majority of the deep sea, the areas around submarine hydrothermal vents are biologically more productive, often hosting complex communities fueled by the chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the base of the food chain, supporting diverse organisms, including giant tube worms, clams, limpets and shrimp.
Hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean typically form along the mid-ocean ridges, such as the East Pacific Rise and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These are locations where two tectonic plates are diverging and new crust is being formed.
The water that issues from seafloor hydrothermal vents consists mostly of sea water drawn into the hydrothermal system close to the volcanic edifice through faults and porous sediments or volcanic strata, plus some magmatic water released by the upwelling magma. In terrestrial hydrothermal systems, the majority of water circulated within the fumarole and geyser systems is meteoric water plus ground water that has percolated down into the thermal system from the surface, but it also commonly contains some portion of metamorphic water, magmatic water, and sedimentary formational brine that is released by the magma. The proportion of each varies from location to location.
In contrast to the approximately 2 °C ambient water temperature at these depths, water emerges from these vents at temperatures ranging from 60 to as high as 464 °C. Due to the high hydrostatic pressure at these depths, water may exist in either its liquid form or as a supercritical fluid at such temperatures. The critical point of (pure) water is 375 °C at a pressure of 218 atmospheres. At a depth of 3,000 meters, the hydrostatic pressure of sea water is more than 300 atmospheres (as salt water is denser than fresh water). At this depth and pressure, seawater becomes supercritical at a temperature of 407 °C. However, the increase in salinity at this depth pushes the water closer to its critical point. Thus, water emerging from the hottest parts of some hydrothermal vents can be a supercritical fluid, possessing physical properties between those of a gas and those of a liquid. Besides being superheated, the water is also extremely acidic, often having a pH value as low as 2.8 – approximately that of vinegar.
Hydrothermale bron
Een hydrothermale bron, ook wel hydrothermale spleet, schoorsteen of uitlaat genoemd (Engels: hydrothermal vent) is een spleet of scheur in de korst van een planeet, waaruit hydrothermale vloeistoffen naar buiten komen. Hydrothermale bronnen komen voor op plekken waar vulkanisme voorkomt, de vloeistof is warm geworden door in de buurt van magma te komen.
Op aarde is de betreffende vloeistof vrijwel altijd water. Omdat de Aarde een vulkanisch en geologisch actieve planeet is, komen relatief veel hydrothermale bronnen voor. Bekende typen zijn warme bronnen, fumarolen, black smokers en geisers.
De omgeving van een hydrothermale bron onder water vormt een unieke biotoop. Chemosynthetische archaea leven van de in het warme water opgeloste mineralen, en vormen de onderkant van de voedselketen. Ze vormen het voedsel voor de diepzeekokerworm (Riftia pachyptila) en verschillende soorten tweekleppigen, vissen, garnalen en octopussen. Een soort die extreem ongevoelig is voor hoge temperaturen is de Pompeiiworm, die kan leven bij 80ºC.
Blue-vented Hummingbird - Saucerottia hoffmanni
Punta Leona Hotel & Club, Jaco, Costa Rica,11/14/2014
Bottom fans. The bottom fans are configured as intake fans, to assist the exhaust fans on the rear of the case. The 3710a uses a number of redundant elements in the design. They could have used 1 single large fan and heat sink, using the same total airflow of each single fan, but then should that fan fail, thermal management would suffer markedly. With 4 fans, the 3710a could still function with some fans damaged until repaired. The unit also has overheat protection, and will shut its load off if the fans prove incapable of reducing interior temps to a safe level. To have 4 fans is a nice touch, overdesigned and costly, it suggests the designer had robustness in mind.
The small vent to the left is the one the roofer particularly pointed out that was the most likely cause of the leak in the middle of my kitchen ceiling. Said he would replace this vent. Today I come home from lunch and see the two new vents at the top of my roof which replaced the turbine that was removed and assumed from the position of my yard that all three vents were new and all was repaired. I took this photo just as documentation, but when I loaded and viewed the original size, the main problemed vent was not replaced at all it is the same one! I guess I will be calling them tomorrow to find out why.
sul crinale battuto dal vento
sulla strada arsa dal sole
tra orcia e chiana
mi piego e... mi piego ancora
A White-Vented Myna (Acridotheres javanicus) perched on a dry banana leaf. Plaeng Yao, Chachoengsao, Thailand
Beau temps pour laver! Beaucoup de choix ici, le vent des Îles est réputé, les bateaux nombreux... voici la version des lavendières.
Uns vol-au-vents (es pronuncia bó-ló-báns) que estava preparant ma mare avui per dinar :D
Formatge blau. Espinacs i ricotta. Pernil i formatge.
Les mer om Grüne Woche 2017 på: www.regjeringen.no/no/tema/mat-fiske-og-landbruk/mat/inns...
Foto: Vidar Alfarnes
Conférence de presse de lancement de la Vente généreuse sponsorisée en partenariat entre PriceMinister et La Chaine du Coeur (en présence des parrains des diverses associations).
Crédits : Seng YAM
On Scene of a 2 ALARM BUILDING FIRE at 550 East Old 56 Highway in Olathe on January 2, 2015 at 1527 hours
Picture ID: 5647
Vent 94 is used to remove smoke from large buildings
St-Placide, hier après-midi. www.festi-vent.com/
St-Placide, yesterday afternoon. www.festi-vent.com/
Fonds d'écrans / Desktop wallpapers:
Format 16:10 / Widescreen:
Format 16:9 / Widescreen:
Depuis janvier 2005 à tous les jours j'ai rajouté une image de fond d'écran (chacune en plusieurs formats). Toutes ces images sont disponibles gratuitement, aucun besoin de s'enregistrer à l'adresse suivante: www.deniscarl.com
Every day since January 2005 I added a picture and converted it to multiple Desktop wallpapers formats. All those pictures are available for free, no hassle, no need to register at the following address: www.deniscarl.com
VENT: www.vent.at
Kunstweg B-ART-EB'NE: www.vent.at/kunstweg
FOLDER pdf: www.vent.at/urlaub/files/ORTE/SO/vent_kunstweg_folder,met...
UNTERKUNFT: www.alpinhotel-post.com/
UNTERKUNFT: www.hotel-vent.at/
VENT (Wiki): de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vent_(Gemeinde_S%C3%B6lden)
Tubeworm (Ridgeia piscesae) and bacterial colonies on Endeavour Ridge's High Rise hydrothermal vent. (N47° 58.0864′ - W129° 5.0414′, depth: 2159.129m)