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The city of Bath in South West England was founded in the 1st century AD by the Romans who used the natural hot springs as a thermal spa. It became an important centre for the wool industry in the Middle Ages but in the 18th century under the reigns of George l, ll and III it developed into an elegant spa city, famed in literature and art.
The City of Bath is of Outstanding Universal Value for the following cultural attributes: The Roman remains, especially the Temple of Sulis Minerva and the baths complex (based around the hot springs at the heart of the Roman town of Aquae Sulis, which have remained at the heart of the City’s development ever since) are amongst the most famous and important Roman remains north of the Alps, and marked the beginning of Bath’s history as a spa town.
The Georgian city reflects the ambitions of John Wood Senior (1704-1754), Ralph Allen (1693-1764) and Richard “Beau” Nash (1674-1761) to make Bath into one of the most beautiful cities in Europe, with architecture and landscape combined harmoniously for the enjoyment of the spa town’s cure takers.
The Neo-classical style of the public buildings (such as the Assembly Rooms and the Pump Room) harmonises with the grandiose proportions of the monumental ensembles (such as Queen Square, Circus and Royal Crescent) and collectively reflects the ambitions, particularly social, of the spa city in the 18th century.
The individual Georgian buildings reflect the profound influence of Palladio (1508-1580) and their collective scale, style and the organisation of the spaces between buildings epitomises the success of architects such as the John Woods (elder 1704-1754, younger 1728-1782), Robert Adam (1728-1792), Thomas Baldwin (1750-1820) and John Palmer (1738-1817) in transposing Palladio’s ideas to the scale of a complete city, situated in a hollow in the hills and built to a picturesque landscape aestheticism creating a strong garden city feel, more akin to the 19th century garden cities than the 17th century Renaissance cities.
Criterion (i): Bath’s grandiose Neo-classical Palladian crescents, terraces and squares spread out over the surrounding hills and set in its green valley, are a demonstration par excellence of the integration of architecture, urban design and landscape setting, and the deliberate creation of a beautiful city. Not only are individual buildings such as the Assembly Rooms and Pump Room of great distinction, they are part of the larger overall city landscape that evolved over a century in a harmonious and logical way, drawing together public and private buildings and spaces in a way that reflects the precepts of Palladio tempered with picturesque aestheticism.
Bath’s quality of architecture and urban design, its visual homogeneity and its beauty is largely testament to the skill and creativity of the architects and visionaries of the 18th and 19th centuries who applied and developed Palladianism in response to the specific opportunities offered by the spa town and its physical environment and natural resources (in particular the hot springs and the local Bath Oolitic limestone). Three men – architect John Wood Senior, entrepreneur and quarry owner Ralph Allen and celebrated social shaper and Master of Ceremonies Richard “Beau” Nash – together provided the impetus to start this social, economic and physical rebirth, resulting in a city that played host to the social, political and cultural leaders of the day. That the architects who followed were working over the course of a century, with no master plan or single patron, did not prevent them from contriving to relate each individual development to those around it and to the wider landscape, creating a city that is harmonious and logical, in concord with its natural environment and extremely beautiful.
Criterion (ii): Bath exemplifies the 18th century move away from the inward-looking uniform street layouts of Renaissance cities that dominated through the 15th–17th centuries, towards the idea of planting buildings and cities in the landscape to achieve picturesque views and forms, which could be seen echoed around Europe particularly in the 19th century. This unifying of nature and city, seen throughout Bath, is perhaps best demonstrated in the Royal Crescent (John Wood Younger) and Lansdown Crescent (John Palmer). Bath’s urban and landscape spaces are created by the buildings that enclose them, providing a series of interlinked spaces that flow organically, and that visually (and at times physically) draw in the green surrounding countryside to create a distinctive garden city feel, looking forward to the principles of garden cities developed by the 19th century town planners.
Criterion (iv): Bath reflects two great eras in human history: Roman and Georgian. The Roman Baths and temple complex, together with the remains of the city of Aquae Sulis that grew up around them, make a significant contribution to the understanding and appreciation of Roman social and religious society. The 18th century re-development is a unique combination of outstanding urban architecture, spatial arrangement and social history. Bath exemplifies the main themes of the 18th century neoclassical city; the monumentalisation of ordinary houses, the integration of landscape and town, and the creation and interlinking of urban spaces, designed and developed as a response to the growing popularity of Bath as a society and spa destination and to provide an appropriate picturesque setting and facilities for the cure takers and social visitors. Although Bath gained greatest importance in Roman and Georgian times, the city nevertheless reflects continuous development over two millennia with the spectacular medieval Abbey Church sat beside the Roman temple and baths, in the heart of the 18th century and modern day city.
Integrity
Remains of the known Roman baths, the Temple of Sulis Minerva and the below grounds Roman archaeology are well preserved and within the property boundary as are the areas of Georgian town planning and architecture, and large elements of the landscape within which the city is set. Despite some loss of Georgian buildings prior to inscription, the Georgian City remains largely intact both in terms of buildings and plan form. An extensive range of interlinked spaces formed by crescents, terraces and squares set in a harmonious relationship with the surrounding green landscape survive. The relationship of the Georgian City to its setting of the surrounding hills remains clearly visible. As a modern city, Bath remains vulnerable to large-scale development and to transport pressures, both within the site and in its setting that could impact adversely on its garden city feel and on views across the property and to its green setting.
Authenticity
The hot springs, which are the reason for the City’s original development, are of undoubted authenticity. The key Roman remains are preserved, protected and displayed within a museum environment, and the Roman Baths can still be appreciated for their original use. The majority of the large stock of Georgian buildings have been continuously inhabited since their construction, and retain a high degree of original fabric. Repairs have largely been sympathetic, informed by an extensive body of documentation, and aided by a programme of restoration in the late twentieth century. More vulnerable is the overall interaction between groups of buildings in terraces, crescents and squares and views to the surrounding landscape that contributed to the City’s visual harmony. There is a need for new developments to respect the planning of the Georgian terraces, to respect the scale and rhythm of its structures, and to contribute to picturesque views.
I've seen this room and I've walked this floor.
I used to live alone before I knew you.
I've seen your flag on the marble arch,
but love is not some victory march.
It's a cold and it's a broken hallelujah.
-Hallelujah, Imogen Heap
9x12 Photoshop
I enjoy a composition that is busy but also one that uses open spaces but still doesn't feel empty or incomplete.
This is the introduction to using charcoal and chalk. Next, we'll draw a classical still life that includes at least one personal item.
In its new report, "The great transformer: the impact of the Internet on growth and prosperity," bit.ly/ssAYk7 MGI lays out just how much value the typical consumer gets from the Internet. Depending on where you live, that's anywhere from $18 to $28 per month.
Personal Courage. The seventh of the Army Values. Face fear, danger or adversity (physical or moral). Personal courage has long been associated with our Army. With physical courage, it is a matter of enduring physical duress and at times risking personal safety. Facing moral fear or adversity may be a long, slow process of continuing forward on the right path, especially if taking those actions is not popular with others. You can build your personal courage by daily standing up for and acting upon the things that you know are honorable.
to quote one of my favorite movies (Better Off Dead)...
"This is pure snow! Do you have any idea what the street value of this mountain is?"
1. This image represents value and it is shown through the different shades of dark blue on the water and rocks.
2. The subject matter of this photo is water the rocks at the edge of the water.
3. I think the reflection of the sun on the water makes this photo appealing because it gives some contrast in brightness in a photo that is dark.
4. If I were to take this photo again I would get more of the rocks in the photo or get the water from a different angle.
The NHS Values Summit brings together a diverse range of people and perspectives to create a greater understanding of how people’s differences, social status and cultural expectations can affect their experiences of health and care.
It challenges and inspires people to think about the role of ethical leadership in improving the health and wellbeing of local communities, staff and patients and how the NHS can increase the social value of its activities.
Welcoming representatives from health and social care, alongside more than 20 partners from the voluntary and community sector, this event (in Leeds, Yorkshire) was a template for future NHS Values Summits, which will be held twice a year in different locations across the country. Each event will explore a different theme relating to equality, health inequalities and human rights. The next gathering will take place in May 2013.
These are some of the pictures from the Second Annual Champions of Jewish Values International Awards Gala held on May 18th 2014
Photos from the Fourth Global Review of Aid for Trade, 8-10 July 2013. These photos may be reproduced provided attribution is given to the WTO and the WTO is informed. Photos: © WTO/Studio Casagrande
Value City closed it's department stores during the recession. They still have their furniture stores however.
This photo is featured on wikimapia.org/18831437/Hyper-Value
The Olympus Wide E was the first Japanese 35mm camera with a built in light meter. Oh, it's not connected to to the shutter or aperture. You just get an exposure value reading from it, and assuming you've set the film speed dial to the speed of the film your using, you just rotate the exposure value dial to the indicated exposure value. Then you read the exposure/aperture combinations that line up on the dial. After choosing one of the matches, say F/11 at 1/125 (a very popular combo this time of year), you dial those values in on the lens, estimate the distance (the Wide E is not a rangefinder, but it does have a nicely scaled zone focus ring), dial in the focus for the estimated distance (actually at F/11, and set to the seven foot notch, that nice 35mm wide angle lens will be in focus from four and half feet to fifteen, and at the ten foot notch from six and a half feet to infinity), then assuming you've advanced the film advance lever, you frame and squeeze off your shot.
The picture your looking at was taken with my new 1959 Olympus 35 SP, the first Japanese rangefinder with spot metering. I think I had a mind to use the spot meter for this backlit shot, but to be honest, I can't say whether I remembered to hold down that little spot meter button the back or not.
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May 13, 2015 | Leadership Conversation featuring the CEOs of Nespresso (Jean-Marc Duvoisin) and TechnoServe (William Warshauer), facilitated by Ann Veneman
The NHS Values Summit brings together a diverse range of people and perspectives to create a greater understanding of how people’s differences, social status and cultural expectations can affect their experiences of health and care.
It challenges and inspires people to think about the role of ethical leadership in improving the health and wellbeing of local communities, staff and patients and how the NHS can increase the social value of its activities.
Welcoming representatives from health and social care, alongside more than 20 partners from the voluntary and community sector, this event (in Leeds, Yorkshire) was a template for future NHS Values Summits, which will be held twice a year in different locations across the country. Each event will explore a different theme relating to equality, health inequalities and human rights. The next gathering will take place in May 2013.