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waiting buses
Bus No: 033
Year released: 2010
Capacity: 45; 2x2 seating configuration
Route: Cubao/Pasay-Batangas
Body: Yutong Group Ltd.
Model: 2010 Yutong ZK6100H
Engine: Yuchai
Fare: Airconditioned
Aircon System: Yutong Overhead a/c
Transmission System: M/T
Plate No.: UVC-433
==============================================================
Bus No: 124
Year released: 2009
Capacity: 45; 2x2 seating configuration
Route: Batangas-Cubao/Pasay
Body: Kinglong Motors Ltd.
Model: 2009 Kinglong XMQ6117F
Engine: Nissan Diesel FE6TC
Fare: Airconditioned
Aircon System: Kinglong Overhead a/c
Transmission System: M/T
Plate No.: TXY-266
Taken on: January 25, 2011
Location: Annapolis St. cor. New York St., Cubao, Quezon City, Metro Manila
FOV: 5" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors; Baloneystonite on Copperlite.
Shown under blue LED light and photographed through magenta laser protection goggles.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Magma"
25Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
From the basement lab comes this 2.5" wide specimen.
On an aluminum tray, salt {~15 mL}, washing soda and sulfur were heated until the salt had melted leaving a mustard yellow mass that smelled strongly of hydrogen sulfide.
On the sample was then placed a solution of calcium chloride containing a drop of MnCl2 sol and a drop of PbCl2 ssol. which was absorbed into the yellow mass turning it whitish. The sample was then reheated until the salt had melted.
Suspected phosphor: CaS:Mn,Pb
Contains:
NaCl:Cu (FL+PHOS Lavendar,Pink,Orange >UVa,b,c)
Shown under white light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Jackolite in stages
23Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
Specimen: ~4" tall (before being broken)
T-type (Terlingua) calcite obtained from the Highland Rockshop (specimen presumably from N. Mexico) is shown here. This calcite is believed to contain organic activators which allows it to fluoresce pink under UVa, tan under UVb and blue under UVc with bright blue afterglow following exposure to UVa or UVb light.
This sequence shows the rhomb after it was heated on an electric coil of an electric stove set to HIGH for 30 minutes. The bottom shows the part of the rhomb that was not heated.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent (afterglow)
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Obtained from Highland Rocks and Gems' Rockyard, Burns OR, USA.
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9 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 2.75" wide.
Uranyl nitrate and sodium chloride from a previous experiment was dissolved in water. Approx. 6mL of this solution was added to ~5mL of dry sodium metasilicate along with water in a small watch glass. This was rehydrated every few days for about two weeks as the sodium silicate would crystallize and then dissolve again. At the end of the two weeks it was dried under a small electric light bulb resulting in a clear glassy substance with a tinge of green color. On the surface formed large crystalline layer. Before the substance dried it was not very fluorescent. After drying and crystallizing, it became very fluorescent yellow-green under all UV wavelengths.
Because of the crystalline nature of the substance, I don't think I succeeded in creating hyalite opal which is amorphous and not crystalline.
Contains:
Pseudo "Hyalite" (FL Yellow-green >BL/UVabc)
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Hyalite Opal"
19Nov2015
Much appreciation to Gordon Czop for the uranyl nitrate.
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 3" wide.
Jackobluelite2 phosphor experiment with different concentrations of copper carbonate. Melted on aluminum trays on a steel plate.
Suspected Jackolite2 reaction:
S + Na2CO3 + CaCl2 -> CaS + 2NaCl + CO2 + 0.5O2
This sample was doped with about 0.02ml of Cu2+ from malachite.
Suspected phosphor: CaS:Cu in NaCl
Contains:
CaS:Cu (FL+PHOS! Pink/Blue, Blue >UVa,bc)
Shown in phosphorescent state after exposure to UVabc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Jackobluelite2 Cu Concentration Test
28Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 5" wide.
On an aluminum tray, salt, sulfur and zinc chloride solution containing trace amounts of copper chloride were combined with a bit of manganese sulfate ssol. and two drops of lead chloride ssol. The sample was then well heated with a MAPP torch until the salt had melted and partially drained off the tray.
(~5 drops of Ba(OH)2 sol. were added as flux.)
Suspected phosphor: ZnS:Mn,Pb,Cu,Al in NaCl
Contains:
ZnS:Cu,Al (FL+PHOS! Green/Orange, Blue/Green/Orange >BL UVab,c)
Shown under UVa light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Sphalerhalite with Mn and Pb
18Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 7" wide.
This demonstrates the use of Plaster of Paris as a base for synthesizing various phosphors. The Plaster of Paris served to hold the mixtures in place as they were being heated by a MAPP torch.
Contains:
Zinc Silicate (FL Green >UVabc)
Jackolite = CaS in salt (FL Orange >UVabc)
Bolognastonite = BaS:Cu (FL Yellow orange >UVabc)
BaO (?) (FL Blue >UVabc)
ZnS:Cu,Mn (FL Yellow green >UVabc)
Copperlite = NaCl:Cu+ (FL Orange >UVabc)
Unknowns....
Shown in phosphorescent state after exposure to UVabc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
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Photostream best viewed in Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors; Baloneystonite on Jackolite on Sphalerhalite. The Baloneystonite (BaS) seemed to sink to the bottom.
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Baloneystonite on Jackolite on Sphalerhalite"
26Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 6" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors based on Group II sulfides.
From left to right....
Back row (Group 2 or IIA):
...Jackolite (CaS:Mn,Pb in salt),
...Sunnylite (SrS:Mn in salt),
...Baloneystonite (BaS:Cu in salt)
Front row (Group 12 or IIB):
...Sphalerhalite (ZnS:Cu,Mn) melted on copper plate,
...Sphalerhalite (ZnS:Cu,Mn) melted in Al tray on steel plate,
...Sphalerhalite (ZnS:Cu,Al) melted on limestone slab
Shown in phosphorescent state after exposure to blue light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Group II sulfides
23Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
Baloneystonite phosphor (aka BaS:Cu) created using BaSO4{3 Spn}, flour{1ml}, sugar{1ml} and CuCl2*2H2O{~30 grains}. All but the center sample also contained NaCl. The rightmost sample was made with Alfa Aesar BaSO4. The other samples were made with BaSO4 provided by Gordon Czop.
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
My appreciation to Gordon Czop for providing the BaSO4.
Baloneystone Bakery (copper pans)
11Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
From Cornwall, England comes this 4" wide specimen.
Contains:
Fluorite (FL Blue,Teal >UVab,c)
Shown under white light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Obtained at Obsidian Days 2016, Hines, OR.
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Photostream best viewed in Slideshow mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 3" wide.
Jackobluelite2 phosphor experiment with different concentrations of copper carbonate. Melted on aluminum trays on a steel plate.
Suspected Jackolite2 reaction:
S + Na2CO3 + CaCl2 -> CaS + 2NaCl + CO2 + 0.5O2
This sample was doped with about 0.01ml of Cu2+ from malachite.
Suspected phosphor: CaS:Cu in NaCl
Contains:
CaS:Cu (FL+PHOS! Red/Blue, Blue >UVa,bc)
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Jackobluelite2 Cu Concentration Test
28Sep2015
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Photostream best viewed in Slideshow or Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 7" wide.
This demonstrates the use of Plaster of Paris as a base for synthesizing various phosphors. The Plaster of Paris served to hold the mixtures in place as they were being heated by a MAPP torch.
Contains:
Zinc Silicate (FL Green >UVabc)
Jackolite = CaS in salt (FL Orange >UVabc)
Bolognastonite = BaS:Cu (FL Yellow orange >UVabc)
BaO (?) (FL Blue >UVabc)
ZnS:Cu,Mn (FL Yellow green >UVabc)
Copperlite = NaCl:Cu+ (FL Orange >UVabc)
Unknowns....
Shown under white light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Series best viewed in Light Box mode using Right and Left arrows to navigate.
Photostream best viewed in Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 5" wide.
On aluminum trays, salt, sulfur and zinc chloride solution containing trace amounts of copper chloride were combined. The sample was then well heated with a MAPP torch until the salt had melted and drained off the tray, freezing into these blob shapes.
Suspected phosphor: ZnS:Cu,Al in NaCl
Contains:
ZnS:Cu,Al (FL+PHOS! Green, Blue/Green >BL UVab,c)
Shown under white light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Sphalerhalite Blobs
18Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
From Cerro del Mercado, Durango Mexico comes this 3" specimen containing green fluoroapatite crystals on a matrix of limestone and aragonite.
Contains:
Apatite (FL Pink-blue >UVc)
Aragonite (FL Blue,Green >UVc)
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosporescent
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Shown under UVc light.
Obtained from Earth's Treaures at Obsidian Days 2014 in Hines, Oregon.
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
From Afghanistan comes this 3" wide specimen.
Contains:
Hackmanite (FL Orange/Pink/Lavender >UVa/b/c)
Winchite (FL Blue/Green,Brown >UVab/c)
Shown under UVa light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosporescent
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Obtained from Minershop
MSG1344
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
From the Xianghualing Mine in Linwu County, Chenzhou Prefecture in the Hunan Province, China comes this 3.5" wide specimen.
Contains:
Eucryptite (FL Red >UVc) activator: Fe3+
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosporescent
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:"
Obtained from Polman Minerals
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 5" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors, baloneystonite in copperlite.
Shown under UVa light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Fire Cave"
8Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors; Baloneystonite and Sunnylite on Sphalerhalite.
Shown under UVb light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Baloneystonite, Sunnylite on Sphalerhalite"
21Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4.5" wide.
Approx. 1mL of strontium carbonate, 1mL of sulfur, about 1mL sodium nitrate, 1mL of sugar and about 0.01mL of manganese carbonate was ground together and placed on top of a piece of chalcedony. It was ignited with a match and immediately burst into bright yellow flame which burned for a couple of seconds. This resulted in a hard grey melted substance that was quite luminescent.
This mixture was named "Gorn Powder" in reference to a Star Trek episode wherein an alien (the Gorn) was defeated using a mixture of a nitrate, sulfur and carbon (aka "black powder").
Contains:
SrS:Mn? (FL+PHOS Orange, Yellow orange,Yellow >UVa,b,c)
Shown under UVb light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Series best viewed in Light Box mode using Right and Left arrows to navigate.
Photostream best viewed in Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
This experiment demonstrates the shift in color from yellow-green to blue-green in aqueous solutions of pyranine when made acidic.
The fluid from a yellow hi-liter pen was removed and mixed with water (shown in the center test tube). The left test tube contains that solution with 1 drop of muriatic acid added. The test tube on the right contains the solution with 5 drops of a sodium hydroxide solution.
The pH of the left test tube was ~1 and the right test tube ~14. It was hard to measure the pH of the solutions since it dyed the pH indicator paper yellow.
Upon adding the drop of acid to the pyranine solution, it changed from yellow green to clear. This was because the pyranine had been protonated (provided a hydrogen ion) which reduced the absorption of light at 450nm.
Refer to this article: www.ugcfrp.ac.in/images/userfiles/30241-CPL_399_147.pdf
"At a pH less than 7, the absorption spectrum of pyranine
(HPTS) exhibits a peak at 405 nm which is ascribed to
the protonated form (ROH) while at a pH greater than 7 the
absorption spectrum exhibits an additional band at
450 nm arising from the deprotonated form (RO)."
See also:
nathan.instras.com/documentDB/paper-273.pdf
Contains:
Pyranine sol. pH less than 7 (FL Blue-green >UVabc)
Pyranine sol. pH greater than 7 (FL Yellow-green >BL/UVabc)
Shown under blue LED light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
pH of Pyranine
17Nov2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
Baloneystonite phosphor (aka BaS:Cu) created using BaSO4{3 Spn}, flour{1ml}, sugar{1ml} and CuCl2*2H2O{~30 grains}. All but the center sample also contained NaCl. The rightmost sample was made with Alfa Aesar BaSO4. The other samples were made with BaSO4 provided by Gordon Czop.
Shown under UVb light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
My appreciation to Gordon Czop for providing the BaSO4.
Baloneystone Bakery (copper pans)
11Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 6" wide.
This experiment demonstrates the shift in color from yellow-green to blue-green of minerals containing the uranyl ion in conjunction with carbonates.
Uranyl nitrate was combined with NaCl and recrystallized on the glass rod. Behind it is a specimen of meta-autunite from the Daybreak Mine in Spokane WA, USA. Meta-autunite is a uranyl phosphate mineral.
Uranyl nitrate solution (0.25M) was combined with a sodium carbonate solution (1.25M) and was used to rehydrate some DAP Plaster of Paris mix which was set in a square mold.
Initially (when still wet), there was no fluorescence but after the calcium sulfate re-hydrated (and the mix produced CO2? bubbles), the resulting plaster fluoresced a bright blue-green, typical of carbonate based uranyl minerals. Behind the plaster square is a specimen with a coating of andersonite from Yellow Cat Mesa in Grant County UT, USA. Andersonite is a hydrated sodium calcium uranyl carbonate.
See:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andersonite
rruff.info/uploads/CM31_167.pdf
Contains:
Andersonite (FL Blue-green >BL/UVabc)
Meta Autunite (FL Yellow-green >BL/UVabc)
Shown under blue LED light and photographed through Vuarnet #006 blue blocking sunglasses.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Uranyl Based Fluorescence
6Nov2015
Much appreciation to Gordon Czop for the uranyl nitrate.
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Photostream best viewed in Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
This experiment demonstrates the shift in color from yellow-green to blue-green in aqueous solutions of pyranine when made acidic.
The fluid from a yellow hi-liter pen was removed and mixed with water (shown in the center test tube). The left test tube contains that solution with 1 drop of muriatic acid added. The test tube on the right contains the solution with 5 drops of a sodium hydroxide solution.
The pH of the left test tube was ~1 and the right test tube ~14. It was hard to measure the pH of the solutions since it dyed the pH indicator paper yellow.
Upon adding the drop of acid to the pyranine solution, it changed from yellow green to clear. This was because the pyranine had been protonated (provided a hydrogen ion) which reduced the absorption of light at 450nm.
Refer to this article: www.ugcfrp.ac.in/images/userfiles/30241-CPL_399_147.pdf
"At a pH less than 7, the absorption spectrum of pyranine
(HPTS) exhibits a peak at 405 nm which is ascribed to
the protonated form (ROH) while at a pH greater than 7 the
absorption spectrum exhibits an additional band at
450 nm arising from the deprotonated form (RO)."
See also:
nathan.instras.com/documentDB/paper-273.pdf
Contains:
Pyranine sol. pH less than 7 (FL Blue-green >UVabc)
Pyranine sol. pH greater than 7 (FL Yellow-green >BL/UVabc)
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
pH of Pyranine
17Nov2015
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Photostream best viewed in Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors; Baloneystonite and Sunnylite on Sphalerhalite.
Shown under blue LED light and photographed through magenta laser protection goggles.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Baloneystonite, Sunnylite on Sphalerhalite"
21Oct2015
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Photostream best viewed in Slideshow or Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
This experiment demonstrates the shift in color from yellow-green to blue-green in aqueous solutions of pyranine when made acidic.
The fluid from a yellow hi-liter pen was removed and mixed with water (shown in the center test tube). The left test tube contains that solution with 1 drop of muriatic acid added. The test tube on the right contains the solution with 5 drops of a sodium hydroxide solution.
The pH of the left test tube was ~1 and the right test tube ~14. It was hard to measure the pH of the solutions since it dyed the pH indicator paper yellow.
Upon adding the drop of acid to the pyranine solution, it changed from yellow green to clear. This was because the pyranine had been protonated (provided a hydrogen ion) which reduced the absorption of light at 450nm.
Refer to this article: www.ugcfrp.ac.in/images/userfiles/30241-CPL_399_147.pdf
"At a pH less than 7, the absorption spectrum of pyranine
(HPTS) exhibits a peak at 405 nm which is ascribed to
the protonated form (ROH) while at a pH greater than 7 the
absorption spectrum exhibits an additional band at
450 nm arising from the deprotonated form (RO)."
See also:
nathan.instras.com/documentDB/paper-273.pdf
Contains:
Pyranine sol. pH less than 7 (FL Blue-green >UVabc)
Pyranine sol. pH greater than 7 (FL Yellow-green >BL/UVabc)
Shown under white light.
Note the tinge of blue in the left test tube and blue in the other test tubes was likely due to the small amount of UV from the halogen bulb.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
pH of Pyranine
17Nov2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 5" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing the Bologna Stone phosphor showing different methods of production. Melted on a copper tray and allowed to flow off tray.
Left sample: No carbon, 1/2 as much BaSO4, ~5ml barium hydroxide sol. - BaSO4 melted into salt too fast. Did not get hot enough to incandesce.
Center sample: Carbon (sugar), mixed well, no barium hydroxide sol. - Half remained stuck to tray.
Right sample: Carbon, salt separated (on bottom), ~8 drops barium hydroxide sol. - BaSO4 heated well and incandesced before melting into salt and flowing off tray completely.
Suspected phosphors: BaO?, BaS:Cu+ in NaCl
Contains:
BaS:Cu+ (FL+PHOS! Orange, >BL UVabc)
Ba(OH)2 sol. (added as flux)
Shown under blue LED light and photographed through magenta laser protection goggles.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Bologna Stone Blobs Comparison
16Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
Baloneystonite phosphor (aka BaS:Cu) created using BaSO4{3 Spn}, flour{1ml}, sugar{1ml} and CuCl2*2H2O{~30 grains}. All but the center sample also contained NaCl. The rightmost sample was made with Alfa Aesar BaSO4. The other samples were made with BaSO4 provided by Gordon Czop.
Shown under white light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
My appreciation to Gordon Czop for providing the BaSO4.
Baloneystone Bakery (copper pans)
11Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 5" wide.
Salt, sulfur and zinc chloride solution containing trace amounts of copper chloride were combined with a bit of manganese sulfate ssol. The sample was then well heated on a steel plate with a propane torch using a pencil tip and set to a reducing flame.
Suspected phosphor: ZnS:Cu,Mn in NaCl
Contains:
ZnS:Cu,Mn (FL+PHOS! Green/Orange, Blue/Green/Orange >BL UVab,c)
Shown under UVa light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Sphalerhalite with Mn and Pb
12Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
On the A26 between Ringmer and Barcombe Mills near The Cock Inn
Year 65 - 2015/2016
Registered in Essex Chelmsford (EX)
FOV: 5" wide.
Salt, sulfur and zinc chloride solution containing trace amounts of copper chloride were combined with a bit of manganese sulfate ssol. The sample was then well heated on a steel plate with a propane torch using a pencil tip and set to a reducing flame.
Suspected phosphor: ZnS:Cu,Mn in NaCl
Contains:
ZnS:Cu,Mn (FL+PHOS! Green/Orange, Blue/Green/Orange >BL UVab,c)
Shown in phosphorescent state after exposure to UVabc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Sphalerhalite with Mn and Pb
12Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
Locality: Gila Bend Mountains, Arizona
Size: Specimen is 5.5" wide
White light view on left, UVa view center, and UVc view on the right.
FOV: 6" wide.
Objects made with synthetic fluorescent minerals.
From L to R: synthetic hydrozincite, synthetic willemite melted in salt and synthetic calcite.
Shown in phosphorescent state after exposure to UVabc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Faux Franklin Forest"
22Nov2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 6" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors based on Group II sulfides.
From left to right....
Back row (Group 2 or IIA):
...Jackolite (CaS:Mn,Pb in salt),
...Sunnylite (SrS:Mn in salt),
...Baloneystonite (BaS:Cu in salt)
Front row (Group 12 or IIB):
...Sphalerhalite (ZnS:Cu,Mn) melted on copper plate,
...Sphalerhalite (ZnS:Cu,Mn) melted in Al tray on steel plate,
...Sphalerhalite (ZnS:Cu,Al) melted on limestone slab
Shown under UVa light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Group II sulfides
23Sep2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
FOV: 4" wide.
Frozen melted salt containing home made phosphors; Baloneystonite and Sunnylite on Sphalerhalite.
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
BL = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
"Baloneystonite, Sunnylite on Sphalerhalite"
21Oct2015
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18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps
From the local rockyard comes this 3.5" wide specimen of calcite with a coating of caliche. This form of weathered calcite sometimes also contains a mysterious surface layer with a bright blue phosphorescence but with no apparent fluorescence.
Contains:
Calcite (FL Blue, Pink >UVa,bc)
Caliche (FL+PHOS Bluish green >UVabc)
?? (PHOS Blue >UVa,bc)
Shown under UVc light.
Key:
WL = White light (halogen + LED)
FL = Fluoresces
PHOS = Phosphorescent
Blue = 450nm,
UVa = 368nm (LW), UVb = 311nm (MW), UVc = 254nm (SW)
'>' = "stimulated by:", '!' = "bright", '~' = "dim"
Series best viewed in Light Box mode using Right and Left arrows to navigate.
Photostream best viewed in Lightbox mode (in the dark).
18 Watt Triple Output UV lamp from Polman Minerals - Way Too Cool UV lamps