unimelb photos on Flickr

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Xanthosoma.html#sag...

www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/walter-w-skeat/pagan-races...

<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia, yautia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)" rel="nofollow">www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia,%20yautia%2...

Burmese grape by fruitGloss

Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.

For more about other English names and scientific name synonyms -

Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database

มะไฟ

Thai language site -

Database Thai Botanical Garden Organization

Rauvolfia tetraphylla by Dinesh Valke

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Apocynaceae (dogbane, or oleander family) » Rauvolfia tetraphylla

Rauvolfia -- honours Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician, botanist and traveller

tet-ruh-FIL-uh -- meaning, four-leaved

commonly known as: American serpentwood, be still tree, devil root, four-leaved devil-pepper, milkbush • Bengali: বড চন্দ্রিকা bar chandrika, গন্ধনকুলী gandhanakuli • Hindi: बडा चन्द्रिका barachandrika • Kannada: ದೊಡ್ಡ ಚಮ್ದ್ರಿಕೆ dodda chandrike • Oriya: patalagarudi • Telugu: papataku

Native to: tropical America

References: eFlora • M.M.P.N.D. • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh

Solanum ferox L. - "Terong Asam Group" by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

Jeniang, Kedah, Malaysia.

Solanum ferox L. Solanaceae. CN: [Malay and regional vernacular names and sharing with other similar species such as S. macrocarpon - Terung masam. Terung bulu, Terong asam, Terong Dayak, Terong Iban, Tabanburo, Tarambulo, Sinkade, Tarabi], Hairy-fruited eggplant, Malaysian sunplant, Yellow-fruited nightshade. Native to China, Taiwan, Indian Subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka), Indo-China (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam), Malesia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines), Solomon Islands. S. ferox is an unresolved name according to The Plant List, while GRIN and FRIM classify the species name S. ferox as auct.and a synonym to S. lasiocarpum and S. indicum. Many hybrids and cultivars. Some of the cultivated "Domesticum Group" ones are devoid of fuzzy hairs around fruits, reduced prickles on vegetative parts and variable fruit sizes. The specimen is a wild type armed with sharp prickles at its vegetative parts usually found on waste ground. and quite widespread. The fruits are used in sauces and curries and, like those of most of these (eggplant / nightshade borderline) plants, have a sour taste. In traditional medicine the seeds are used to treat toothache by rolling them in a banana leaf, burning them as a cigar and inhaling the smoke. The roots are used to cure wounds, severe bruises, itch, syphilis and to relieve violent pains all over the body. The fuzzy irritating hairs are easily removed by briefly passing over an open fire or rubbed with coconut husk.

Synonym(s):

Solanum indicum L.

Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal

Solanum immane Hance ex Walp.

Solanum ferox auct.

Solanum lasiocarpum var. velutinum Dunal

Ref. and suggested reading:

FRIM Flora Database

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29604513

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29600277

www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?416240

zipcodezoo.com/Plants/s/Solanum_ferox/

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Sorting/CATALOGUE/Pt2-A...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_ferox

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lasiocarpum

Potato! #unimelb #acrylic by muser74

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via Instagram ift.tt/2aV8Z4M August 04, 2016 at 10:55PM

Ita (Telugu: ఈత) by Dinesh Valke

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Arecaceae (palm family) » Phoenix sylvestris

FEE-niks -- from the Greek name for a date palm

sil-VESS-triss -- from Latin silva (wood), of the woods, growing wild

commonly known as: date-sugar palm, Indian wild date, Indian winepalm, silver date palm, sugar date palm, sugar palm, wild date • Assamese: খাজুৰি khaajuri • Bengali: খর্জূর kharjura, খেজুর khejura • Gujarati: ખજૂરી khajuri • Hindi: खजूर khajur, सेंधी sendhi • Kannada: ಈಚಲು ichalu, ಖರ್ಜೂರ kharjura • Konkani: खाज्जूर khajjur • Malayalam: കാടിനൊത്ത kaattiintha, കാട്ടീന്തല്‍ kaattiinthal, നീലന്തെണ്ട് niilanthent • Manipuri: থাঙতুপ thangtup • Marathi: खारीक kharik, खर्जूर kharjur, खर्जूरी kharjuri, शिंद shinda, शिंदी shindi • Nepalese: kandela, taadii • Oriya: khorjurri • Punjabi: khajur • Sanskrit: खर्जूरः kharjurh, खर्जूरी kharjuri, नेपाली nepali • Tamil: ஈந்துபனை inthupaanai, காட்டீஞ்சு kattinchu • Telugu: ఈత ita • Urdu: کهجور khajur

Native to: Indian sub-continent

References: Flowers of India • eFlora • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Giitthaa (Nepali: गीट्ठा) by Dinesh Valke

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Dioscoreaceae (yam family) » Dioscorea bulbifera L.

dy-oh-SKOR-ee-uh -- named for Pedanios Dioscorides, 1st century Greek pharmacologist

bulb-EE-fer-uh -- bearing bulbs

commonly known as: aerial yam, air potato, air yam, bitter yam, bulbil-bearing yam, cheeky yam, malacca yam, otaheite-potato , potato yam, shoebutton air potato • Bengali: বনআলু ban alu • Hindi: गैण्ठी gainthi, कदू कन्दा kadu kanda, रतालू ratalu (apt for D. purpurea) • Kannada: ಅಮ್ಬಲಿ ಗೆಣಸು ambali genasu, ಹಮ್ದಿಗೆಣಸು hamdigenasu, ಹೆಗ್ಗೆನಸು heggenasu, ಕುಮ್ಟಗೆಣಸು kuntagenasu, ನೇಗಿಲುಹೊನ್ನೆ negilugonne • Konkani: करंदो karamdo • Malayalam: കാച്ചില് kaacchil, പന്നികിഴങ്ങ pannikizhangu • Marathi: डुकरकंद dukar-kand, कडूकरंदा kadu-karanda, वाराही varahi • Nepalese: गीट्ठा giitthaa, गीट्ठे तरुल giitthe tarul, वन तरुल van tarul • Oriya: pita alu • Sanskrit: आलुकः aluka, वराहीकन्द varahi-kand • Tamil: காட்டுச்சீரகவள்ளி kaatu-c-ciraka-valli, காட்டுக்காய்வள்ளி kaattu-k-kaay-valli • Telugu: అడవి దుంప adavi dumpa

Native to: tropical Africa, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, tropical Australia

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • IFAS

Phoenix sylvestris ♂ by Dinesh Valke

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Arecaceae (palm family) » Phoenix sylvestris ♂

FEE-niks -- from the Greek name for a date palm

sil-VESS-triss -- from Latin silva (wood), of the woods, growing wild

commonly known as: date-sugar palm, Indian wild date, Indian winepalm, silver date palm, sugar date palm, sugar palm, wild date • Assamese: খাজুৰি khaajuri • Bengali: খর্জূর kharjura, খেজুর khejura • Gujarati: ખજૂરી khajuri • Hindi: खजूर khajur, सेंधी sendhi • Kannada: ಈಚಲು ichalu, ಖರ್ಜೂರ kharjura • Konkani: खाज्जूर khajjur • Malayalam: കാടിനൊത്ത kaattiintha, കാട്ടീന്തല്‍ kaattiinthal, നീലന്തെണ്ട് niilanthent • Manipuri: থাঙতুপ thangtup • Marathi: खारीक kharik, खर्जूर kharjur, खर्जूरी kharjuri, शिंद shinda, शिंदी shindi • Nepalese: kandela, taadii • Oriya: khorjurri • Punjabi: khajur • Sanskrit: खर्जूरः kharjurh, खर्जूरी kharjuri, नेपाली nepali • Tamil: ஈந்துபனை inthupaanai, காட்டீஞ்சு kattinchu • Telugu: ఈత ita • Urdu: کهجور khajur

Native to: Indian sub-continent

References: Flowers of India • eFlora • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Grand View by Adam Dimech

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Looking out from the window on the top floor of the Faculty of Business & Economics building at the University of Melbourne in Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Seen as part of 'Melbourne Open House', you can read more on my blog.

Raffle Draw + support crew - Carterets Island Fundraiser by Alpha

Sailing with the wind of change

A night of food, music, short film and presentation on the courageous struggle of the Carterets Atoll Community

ABC Gallery 127 Campbell St, Collingwood, VIC 3066 (Melways Ref: 2C G9)

map: 127 Campbell St, Collingwood, VIC 3066

- Sailing with the wind of change - www.iwda.org.au/ International Women's Development Agency

- Sailing with the wind of change - Graduate Environment Program Blog, Melbourne University

Further information and donations: k.lewisohn@acfonline.org.au.

Guest speaker: Ursula Rakova - TulelePeisa.org

Guest performers:

David Bridie (Not Drowning Waving followthegeography.com, My Friend the Chocolate Cake mftcc.com),

Genevieve & Jezebel (Harp and Percussion Duo)

Newman College by cymro76

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Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahoney Griffin's masterpiece

www.newman.unimelb.edu.au/college/architecture

www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/national/newman

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

Jeniang, Kedah, Malaysia.

An old friend, Pak Leh, showing his "Keladi teloq" (Keladi telur). Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. Araceae. CN: [Malay - Keladi telur, Ubi Tawi (Kelantan); Indonesia - Talas belitung, Kimpul, Busil, Bote], Ape (Hawaii), Arrowleaf elephant ear, Blue tannia, Blue taro, Coco, Cocoyam, Eddo, Green arrow elephant ears, Japanese potatoes, Malanga, Malanga blanca, New cocoyam, Ocumo, Purplestem taro, Rosy malanga, Sato-Imo, Tania, Tannia, Yautia, Yautia amarilla, Yautia blanco. Native to the Caribbean, northern and western South America. Stem, shoot and tuber edible. Many varieties, some having blue tubers.

Synonym(s):

Alocasia talihan Elmer Ex Merr.

Arum nigrum Vell.

Arum sagittifolium L. (basionym)

Arum xanthorrhizon Jacq.

Caladium edule G. Mey.

Caladium mafaffa Engl.

Caladium sagittifolium (L.) Vent.

Caladium utile Engl.

Caladium xanthorrhizon (Jacq.) Willd.

Philodendron nigrum Kunth

Xanthosoma appendiculatum Schott

Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. hybridum K. Koch

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. kochii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. moritzii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. panduriforme Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. versicolor K. Koch

Xanthosoma blandum Schott

Xanthosoma edule (G. Mey.) Schott

Xanthosoma ianthinum K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma jacquinii Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. blandum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. typicum Engl.

Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld

Xanthosoma peregrinum Griseb.

Xanthosoma poeppigii var. mafaffa (Schott) J. F. Macbr.

Xanthosoma roseum Schott

Xanthosoma utile K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma violaceum Schott

Xanthosoma xantharrhizon (Jacq.) K. Koch

Ref and suggested reading:

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Xanthosoma.html#sag...

www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/walter-w-skeat/pagan-races...

<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia, yautia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)" rel="nofollow">www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia,%20yautia%2...

Auch (Hindi: औछ) by Dinesh Valke

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Rubiaceae (bedstraw, coffee, or madder family) » Morinda pubescens

mo-RIN-duh -- from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: morinda, noni, togari wood of Madras • Hindi: आल aal, औछ auch • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞപ്പാവട്ട manjappaavatta • Marathi: बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindra • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డి maddi, తొగరు togaru • Urdu: togar mughalai

Native to: India, south-east Asia

References: M.M.P.N.D. • IndFlora • The Trees of Mumbai

Rock Pipal by Dinesh Valke

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Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus arnottiana

FY-kus or FIK-us from the Latin for Fig

ar-not-ee-AH-nuh -- named for George Arnold Walker-Arnott, Scottish botanist

commonly known as: Indian rock fig, rock pipal, waved-leaved fig tree, wild pipal • Gujarati: ખડક પાયર khadak payar • Hindi: bassari, palhi, पारस पिपल paras pipal, pilkhan, पिंपली pimpli • Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲ ಅಶ್ವತ್ಥ kalla ashvattha • Malayalam: കല്ലരയാല്‍ kallarayal • Marathi: पायर payar, कडक पाईर kadak payer, पिपळी pipli • Sanskrit: परीस parisah, प्लावक plavaka, प्लवंग plavanga • Tamil: கொடியரசு kotiyarasu • Telugu: కల్లరావి kallaravi, కొండ రావి konda ravi

Native to: India, Sri Lanka

References: Flowers of India • Sri Mahabodhiya • Ethnobotanical leaflets • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Broom Jute Sida by Dinesh Valke

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Malvaceae (mallow family) » Sida rhombifolia

SEE-duh -- in Greek, a type of water lily; although now a name for a type of mallow

rom-bif-OH-lee-uh -- meaning, leaves in a diamond shape

commonly known as: arrow-leaf sida, broom jute sida, country mallow, Cuban jute, paddy's lucerne, Queensland hemp, teaweed • Assamese: boriala • Bengali: svetbarela • Gujarati: baladana • Hindi: बरयारा baryara, kharenti, सहदेव sahadeva, swet-barela • Kannada: bolamgadale, kallangadale • Malayalam: vankuruntotti, valankuruntotti, velluram • Manipuri: uhan • Marathi: baler, sadeda, सहदेवी sahadevi • Oriya: bajromuli • Sanskrit: अतिबला atibala, बला bala, महाबल mahabala • Tamil: வேளைப்பாசை velaippacai • Telugu: గూబతడ guba tada, మహాబల mahabala • Urdu: بلا bala, بريارا baryara

Native to: India, Sri Lanka

References: Flowers of India • Forest Flora of Andhra Pradesh • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT • PIER species info

Cussonia Court, The University of Melbourne by Ben Kreunen

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View in Spi-V viewer

Kapas (Nepalese: कपास्) by Dinesh Valke

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Malvaceae (mallow family) » Gossypium hirsutum

gos-SIP-ee-um -- from Latin gossypion, name used by Pliny the Elder to describe cotton

her-SOO-tum -- hairy

commonly known as: American cotton, American upland cotton, Bourbon cotton, common cotton, Mexican Cotton, upland cotton, wild cotton • Assamese: কপাহ kapah • Bengali: কাপাস kapasa, কার্পাস karpasa • Gujarati: કાપસ OR કપાસ kapas • Hindi: कार्पास karpas, कार्पासी karpasi • Kannada: ಹತ್ತಿ hatti • Konkani: कापस kapas, काप्पुस kappus • Malayalam: കാര്‍പ്പാസം kaarppaasam • Marathi: कार्पास karpasa • Nepalese: कपास् kapas • Punjabi: ਕਪਾਹ kapah, ਕੁਪਾਹ kupah • Sanskrit: चित्रदण्डकः chitradandakah, गुडा guda, कर्पासः karpasah, कार्पासी karpasi, कार्पासिका karpasika • Tamil: பருத்தி parutti • Telugu: ప్రత్తి pratti • Urdu: کارپاس karpas, کارپاسي karpasi

Native to, and cultivated in: tropical North and Central America

Introduced, and cultivated in: tropical Old World countries

References: Wikipedia • M.M.P.N.D. • kapasindia • ENVIS - FRLHT • DDSA

Fortunella polyandra (Ridl.) Tanaka by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

Pasar Siti Khadijah, Buloh Kubu, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Fortunella polyandra (Ridl.) Tanaka. Rutaceae. CN: [Malay - Limau pagar, Kasturi bukit], Malayan kumquat, Malaya jin gan, Long-leaved kumquat, Swingle´s kumquat, Marai kinkan, Nagaba kinkan, Kumquat malayo. Claimed native to China (Hainan) and peninsular Malaysia. Some say Limau pagar is a native of Peninsular Malaysia and is not known much outside South East Asia. Fruit globose, ca 2-3 cm wide on average, 4-6-segmented, skin smooth, shiny, aromatic, bright orange or golden yellow. In my many encounters most Limau pagar has rough and ridged rind, almost similar to Limau purut (Citrus x hystrix) suggesting a hybrid. The botanical description and morphological variations including globose and oval fruit shape, size, rind texture could be from many cultivars or old hybrids that eventually been accepted by ICBN as species names and the name "kumquat" use generically. In Malaysia the fruit is used in herbal bath, daily body cleansing, specific rituals, shamanism and very seldom for human consumption. Many synonyms, hort varieties, cultivars and strong possibilities of hybrids; the genus Citrus and Fortunella over time has been interchangeably used by taxonomists for the species.

Synonym(s):

Atalantia polyandra Ridl. (basionym)

Citrus polyandra (Ridl.) Burkill, non Tanaka

Citrus swinglei Burkill ex Harms

Fortunella swinglei Tanaka

Citrus japonica 'Polyandra'

Ref and suggested reading:

www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?314232

zipcodezoo.com/Plants/F/Fortunella_polyandra/

zipcodezoo.com/Plants/C/Citrus_swinglei/

www.fruitipedia.com/malayan_kumquat_fortunella%20polyandr...

wannura.wordpress.com/2010/02/10/limau-pagar-fortunella-p...

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Fortunella.html

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_japonica_%27Polyandra%27

eol.org/pages/487547/details

Savannah River Bluffs Heritage Preserve - Creek by hangglide

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See the Savannah River Bluffs Heritage Preserve in an interactive view (requires shockwave - a free, one-time, automatic download).

Camera: Nikon D100

Lense: AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70 mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED

Tripod: Manfrotto

Tripod head: Manfrotto 322RC2 Tripod Head with Nodal Ninja

Photos: 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 = 29 photos (three rows plus zenith and nadir)

Software: Stitched with PTGui (but warped with Panorama Tools); Blended with Enblend plugin; No photoshop

Original Image: 10,000 x 5,000 pixels; 22.6 MB

Karpasa (Bengali: কার্পাস) by Dinesh Valke

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Malvaceae (mallow family) » Gossypium hirsutum

gos-SIP-ee-um -- from Latin gossypion, name used by Pliny the Elder to describe cotton

her-SOO-tum -- hairy

commonly known as: American cotton, American upland cotton, Bourbon cotton, common cotton, Mexican Cotton, upland cotton, wild cotton • Assamese: কপাহ kapah • Bengali: কাপাস kapasa, কার্পাস karpasa • Gujarati: કાપસ OR કપાસ kapas • Hindi: कार्पास karpas, कार्पासी karpasi • Kannada: ಹತ್ತಿ hatti • Konkani: कापस kapas, काप्पुस kappus • Malayalam: കാര്‍പ്പാസം kaarppaasam • Marathi: कार्पास karpasa • Nepalese: कपास् kapas • Punjabi: ਕਪਾਹ kapah, ਕੁਪਾਹ kupah • Sanskrit: चित्रदण्डकः chitradandakah, गुडा guda, कर्पासः karpasah, कार्पासी karpasi, कार्पासिका karpasika • Tamil: பருத்தி parutti • Telugu: ప్రత్తి pratti • Urdu: کارپاس karpas, کارپاسي karpasi

Native to, and cultivated in: tropical North and Central America

Introduced, and cultivated in: tropical Old World countries

References: Wikipedia • M.M.P.N.D. • kapasindia • ENVIS - FRLHT • DDSA

Irvingia malayana Oliv. ex A.W.Benn. by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

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Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia.

Irvingia malayana Oliv. ex A.W.Benn. Irvingiaceae, also placed in Simaroubaceae. CN: [Malay and regional vernacular names - Kebayang, Merelang, Pauh kijang, Asem pau, Batu, Kayu batu, Euselu, Kayu tulang, Kayu tulung, Kerangi, Melenna gunung, Patok entilit, Pau kijang, Pau kijaang, Selangan tandok, Tengilan], Wild almond, Barking deer's mango. Distribution - Indo-China, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo (throughout the island). Widespread in lowland forest in peninsular Malaysia. Emergent tree up to 59 m tall and 117 cm dbh. Fruits ca. 46 mm long, green-yellow, drupes. The wood is used for heavy construction, knife handles and furniture. The seeds are edible and also used to extract fat for soap, wax and candles.

Note: Pic taken at the leeward side of the lower elevation ridge.

Synonym(s):

Irvingella harmandiana Tiegh.

Irvingella malayana (Oliv. ex A.W.Benn.) Tiegh.

Irvingella oliveri (Pierre) Tiegh.

Irvingia harmandiana Pierre ex Laness. [Invalid]

Irvingia longipedicellata Gagnep. [Invalid]

Irvingia oliveri Pierre

Ref. and suggested reading:

FRIM Flora Database

Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Malaysia

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2866799

www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20450

www.asianplant.net/Irvingiaceae/Irvingia_malayana.htm

www.biotik.org/laos/species/i/irvma/irvma_en.html

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Irvingia.html

www.aseanbiodiversity.info/Abstract/53006224.pdf

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

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Bukit Tagar, Selangor, Malaysia.

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. Araceae. CN: [Malay - Keladi telur, Ubi Tawi (Kelantan); Indonesia - Talas belitung, Kimpul, Busil, Bote], Ape (Hawaii), Arrowleaf elephant ear, Blue tannia, Blue taro, Coco, Cocoyam, Eddo, Green arrow elephant ears, Japanese potatoes, Malanga, Malanga blanca, New cocoyam, Ocumo, Purplestem taro, Rosy malanga, Sato-Imo, Tania, Tannia, Yautia, Yautia amarilla, Yautia blanco. Native to the Caribbean, northern and western South America. Stem, shoot and tuber edible. Many varieties, some having blue tubers.

Synonym(s):

Alocasia talihan Elmer Ex Merr.

Arum nigrum Vell.

Arum sagittifolium L. (basionym)

Arum xanthorrhizon Jacq.

Caladium edule G. Mey.

Caladium mafaffa Engl.

Caladium sagittifolium (L.) Vent.

Caladium utile Engl.

Caladium xanthorrhizon (Jacq.) Willd.

Philodendron nigrum Kunth

Xanthosoma appendiculatum Schott

Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. hybridum K. Koch

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. kochii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. moritzii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. panduriforme Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. versicolor K. Koch

Xanthosoma blandum Schott

Xanthosoma edule (G. Mey.) Schott

Xanthosoma ianthinum K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma jacquinii Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. blandum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. typicum Engl.

Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld

Xanthosoma peregrinum Griseb.

Xanthosoma poeppigii var. mafaffa (Schott) J. F. Macbr.

Xanthosoma roseum Schott

Xanthosoma utile K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma violaceum Schott

Xanthosoma xantharrhizon (Jacq.) K. Koch

Ref and suggested reading:

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Xanthosoma.html#sag...

www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/walter-w-skeat/pagan-races...

<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia, yautia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)" rel="nofollow">www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia,%20yautia%2...

Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz by Dinesh Valke

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Lecythidaceae (brazil nut family) » Barringtonia asiatica

bar-ring-TOH-nee-uh -- named for Daines Barrington, English judge and naturalist

a-see-AT-ee-kuh -- of or from Asia

commonly known as: beach barringtonia, fish-killer tree, queen of the shores, sea poison tree

Native to: coastal areas of: India, Madagascar, Philippines, Polynesia, n Australia

References: Flowers of India • TopTropicals • Dave's Garden • Zipcode Zoo • M.M.P.N.D.

Manjappaavatta (Malayalam: മഞ്ഞപ്പാവട്ട) by Dinesh Valke

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Rubiaceae (bedstraw, coffee, or madder family) » Morinda pubescens

mo-RIN-duh -- from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: morinda, noni, togari wood of Madras • Hindi: आल aal, औछ auch • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞപ്പാവട്ട manjappaavatta • Marathi: बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindra • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డి maddi, తొగరు togaru • Urdu: togar mughalai

Native to: India, south-east Asia

References: M.M.P.N.D. • IndFlora • The Trees of Mumbai

Togari Wood of Madras by Dinesh Valke

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Rubiaceae (bedstraw, coffee, or madder family) » Morinda pubescens

mo-RIN-duh -- from the Latin morus (mulberry) and indicus (Indian)

pew-BES-senz or pub-ess-ens -- meaning, downy or short haired

commonly known as: morinda, noni, togari wood of Madras • Hindi: आल aal, औछ auch • Kannada: ಮಡ್ಡಿ maddi • Malayalam: മഞ്ഞപ്പാവട്ട manjappaavatta • Marathi: बारतोंडी bartondi • Oriya: pindra • Sanskrit: अच्युत achyuta, अक्षिकिफल akshikiphala • Tamil: மஞ்சணாறி manchanari, நுணா nuna • Telugu: మడ్డి maddi, తొగరు togaru • Urdu: togar mughalai

Native to: India, south-east Asia

... small evergreen tree reaching about 10 m, spreading canopy ... vertically furrowed, yellowish bark ... bark and roots yeild yellow dye ... the flowers, like that any other Morinda yield red dye.

References: M.M.P.N.D. • IndFlora • The Trees of Mumbai

Kacchaka (Pali: कच्छक) by Dinesh Valke

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Meliaceae (melia, or mahogany family) » Toona ciliata

TU-nah -- derived from vernacular name of the plant

sil-ee-ATE-uh or sil-ee-AH-tuh -- fringed with hairs

commonly known as: Australian red cedar, bastard cedar, Burma cedar, Indian cedar, Indian mahogany, moulmein cedar, red cedar, toon • Assamese: পমা pama • Bengali: তূণ tun • Hindi: नन्दी nandi, नन्दिक nandik, तुन tun, तुन्न tunna • Kannada: ಬೆಳಮ್ದಿ belamdi • Kashmiri: द्रब् drab, द्रावी drawi, तूनी tuni • Malayalam: ചന്ദന വേമ്പ് candana veemp, ചുവന്ന അകില്‍ cuvanna akil, മദഗിരിവേമ്പ് madagiriveemp, പടുകരണ patukarana • Manipuri: তাইৰেল tairel • Marathi: नांदुरकी nandurki, तुन्न tunna • Mizo: teipui • Nepalese: तूनी tunee, तुनि tuni • Oriya: teipui, mahalimbo • Pali: कच्छक kacchaka • Punjabi: ਚਿੱਟੀ ਸਿਰੀਂਹ chitti sirinh, ਚਿੱਟੀ ਸਰੀਂਹ chitti sarinh, ਦੱਲੀ dalli, ਦਰਲ daral, ਦੋਰੀ dori, ਤੁਣ tun • Sanskrit: कच्छपः kacchapah, नन्दी nandi, नन्दिकः nandikah, तुन्न tunna • Tamil: ஆயில் ayil, மலயப்பூத்துன்னமரம் malaya-p-pu-t-tunna-maram, மதகரிவேம்பு matakari-vempu, தூணாமரம் tuna-maram • Telugu: నందివృక్షము nandivrikshamu • Urdu: نندي nandi, نندك nandik, تون tun, تن tunna

Native to: Afghanistan, China, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia

References: Flowers of India • Wikipedia • NPGS / GRIN • M.M.P.N.D. • eFlora • DDSA • efloraofindia

Richard P. Gabriel - standing - 50 in 50 keynote - YOW 2010 Melbourne by Alpha

Keynote 50 in 50

Languages - what's to learn from them? Relics of the past; we know how to design them / to use them. Types / messages / invocation / loops / numbers / methods / big ol' libraries / lots of = signs. Heh, but what is programming, and what role do programming languages play in that process? We have learned a lot over the last five decades: organizing principles, established conventions, theory, fashions, and fads. "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it." In this talk we survey what we think are the most important lessons of the past that future programmers, and future programming language designers, ought not forget. We illustrate each lesson by discussing specific programming languages of the past, and endeavor to shine what light we can on the future.

Keywords: Languages, Patterns, Design, Architecure, Experience

Target Audience: People not afraid of finding out just how weird our predecessors were and who enjoy theater style.

Sponsored by University of Melbourne

Speaker Information

"Richard Gabriel and Guy Steele are beasts in the world of computer science, and they are creative and witty geeks."

Guy L. Steele, Jr.
Keynote Speaker
Language Designer and Author
Fellow Sun Labs, Oracle
Links:
Websites: labs.oracle.com/projects/plrg projectfortress.sun.com
Twitter: I am not a member of Twitter. I generally deal in ideas that require paragraphs, or perhaps full-blown essays, rather than single sentences.
Books: Coders at Work The Java Language Specification Common LISP, The Language C: A Reference Manual

Richard P. Gabriel
Keynote Speaker
Distinguised Engineer IBM Research and Celebrated Philosopher of Software Creativity

Software Passion: Passionate about every dirty aspect of software creation

Links:
Website: www.dreamsongs.com/
Twitter: @rpg
Books: Performance and Evaluation of Lisp Systems Patterns of Software Innovation Happens Elsewhere Writers' Workshops and the Work of Making Things Drive on

About YOW! Australia 2010

The YOW! 2010 Australia Software Developer Conference is a unique opportunity for you to listen to and talk with international software experts in a relaxed setting.

Here's why you should want to attend:

* concise, technically-rich talks and workshops delivered
without the usual vendor-hype and marketing spin
* broad exposure to the latests tools and technologies,
processes and practices in the software industry
* "invitation only" speakers selected by an independent
international program committee from a network
of over 400 authors and experts
* a relaxed conference setting where you get the rare opportunity
to meet and talk with world-reknowned speakers face-to-face
* an intimate workshop setting where you are able
to benefit from an in-depth learning experience
* a truly unique opportunity to make contacts and network
with other talented Australian software professionals
* you'll be supporting a great charity. Ten dollars from every registration will be donated to the Endeavour Foundation.

website: YOW! 2010 Melbourne

venue: Jasper Hotel, Melbourne

Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume. Lauraceae. CN: [Malay - Kayu manis hutan, Medang kemangi, Teja, Medang tejar, Teja lawang, Teja badak, Medang kalong], Wild cinnamon. Native to India, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia (peninsular, Sabah, Sarawak), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalaimantan, Sulawesi, Philippines. A medium-sized tree up to 24 m tall, bole up to 60 cm in diameter, bark surface smooth, lenticellate, greyish-brown, inner bark pinkish. Leaves opposite or subopposite, (5-)7.5-30 cm x 2-13 cm, base cuneate, rarely rounded, apex blunt to acute, often glaucous below, 3-veined, main veins prominent above, tertiary venation scalariform to scalariform-reticulate, faint to distinct below, petiole 1--2 cm long. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal panicle, up to 18 cm long; flowers sometimes partly unisexual, densely silky hairy. Fruit oblong to narrowly ovoid, c. 1.5 cm x 1 cm, seated on a perianth cup with persistent perianth lobes.Traditionally the roots are boiled for the preparation of decoction for relieving fever. Methanolic extract also obtained by natives for the preparation ointment to alleviate muscle ache and sprains. Tree also source of construction timbers and recently an important species specified in urban landscaping programs.

Synonym(s):

Cinnamomum malabathrum Batha

Cinnamomum eucalyptoides T.Nees

Cinnamomum nitidum Blume

Cinnamomum paraneuron Miq.

Cinnamomum iners var. angustifolium Ridl.

Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch.-Ham.) Sweet

Cinnamomum aromaticum Zoll.

Cinnamomum curtisii Lukman.

Cinnamomum gracile Miq.

Cinnamomum griffithii Meisn.

Cinnamomum iners var. angustifolium Ridl.

Cinnamomum manillarum Lukman.

Cinnamomum pseudosintok Miq.

Cinnamomum rauwolfii Blume

Cinnamomum reinwardtii Miq.

Laurus caryophyllata Reinw. ex Meisn.

Laurus iners Reinw. ex Nees

Laurus malabathrica Roxb.

Laurus malabathrum Wall.

Laurus malabatrum Lam.

Persea nitida Spreng.

Ref and suggested reading:

FRIM Flora Database

www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/SEA/Products/AFDbases/AF/...

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Cinnamomum.html

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2721345

Hickory Knob State Park - Outside Room 237 (360° x 180° Panorama) by hangglide

1 1

An interactive view from Hickory Knob State Park (requires shockwave - a free, one-time, automatic download).

Camera: Nikon D100

Lense: AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70 mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED

Tripod: Manfrotto

Tripod head: Manfrotto 322RC2 Tripod Head with Nodal Ninja

Photos: 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 = 29 photos (three rows plus zenith and nadir)

Software: Stitched with PTGui (but warped with Panorama Tools); Blended with Enblend plugin; Slight photoshop (and still couldn't fix stitch errors); EXIFTool to add the EXIF info from the first photo.

Original Image: 10,000 x 5,000 pixels; 8.28 MB

Fort Pulaski - The mote by hangglide

1 3

Click for a virtual tour of Fort Pulaski (requires shockwave - a free, one-time, automatic download).

Camera: Nikon D100

Lense: AF-S DX Nikkor 18-70 mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED

Tripod: Manfrotto

Tripod head: Manfrotto 322RC2 Tripod Head with Nodal Ninja

Photos: 9 + 9 + 9 + 2 = 29 photos (three rows plus zenith and nadir)

Software: Stitched with PTGui (but warped with Panorama Tools); Blended with Enblend plugin; EXIFTool to add the EXIF info from the first photo.

Original Image: 10,000 x 5,000 pixels; 6.5 MB

Kalakudo (Konkani: काळाकुडो) by Dinesh Valke

1

Apocynaceae (dogbane family) » Wrightia tinctoria

RITE-ee-a -- named for William Wright, Scottish physician and botanist

tink-TOR-ee-uh -- used in dyeing or has a sap which can stain

commonly known as: black indrajau, dyeing rosebay, dyers’s oleander, ivory tree, pala indigo plant, sweet indrajao • Gujarati: દૂધલો dudhalo • Hindi: दुधी dudhi, इन्द्रजौ indrajau, काला कुडा kala kuda, करायजा karayaja, कुडा kuda • Kannada: ಅಜಮರ ajamara • Konkani: काळाकुडो kalakudo • Marathi: भूरेवडी bhurevadi, काळा कुडा kala kuda • Malayalam: ഭന്തപ്പാല bhanthappaala, കമ്പിപ്പാല kampippaala, നിലപ്പാല nilappaala • Sanskrit: असित कुटज asita kutaj, hyamaraka, स्त्री कुटज stri kutaja • Tamil: இரும்பாலை irum-palai, பாலை paalai, வெட்பாலை vet-palai • Telugu: అంకుడుచెట్టు ankuduchettu, చిట్టిఅంకుడు chiti-anikudu, కొండజెముడు kondajemudu

Native to: India, Myanmar

References: Flowers of India • EcoPort • M.M.P.N.D.

Musa × paradisiaca L. by Dinesh Valke

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Musaceae (musa family) » Musa paradisiaca

MEW-suh -- the Latin word musa, for banana, plantain-fruit

par-uh-DIS-ee-uh-ka -- referring to gardens, parks, paradise

commonly known as: banana, fig of paradise, plantain • Assamese: কলা kala • Hindi: कदली kadali, केला kela, पापड़ा papra • Kannada: ಬಾಳೇಹಣ್ಣು baalehannu, ಬಳೆ ಕಾಯಿ bale kaayi, ಕದಳಿ kadali • Kashmiri: केल kela • Konkani: क्यांळे kyaanle • Malayalam: മഊചം maaucam, വാഴ vaazha • Manipuri: লফূ থরো laphoo tharo • Marathi: कदल kadala, केळ kela • Nepalese: कदली kadali • Sanskrit: भानुफला bhanuphala, कदली kadali, मोच mocha • Tamil: வாழை vaazha • Telugu: అరటి arati, కదళ kadala • Urdu: کيلا kelaa, موز mauz

Distribution: cultivated pantropically

References: Flowers of India • EcoPort • M.M.P.N.D.

Kaattiintha (Malayalam: കാടിനൊത്ത) by Dinesh Valke

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Arecaceae (palm family) » Phoenix sylvestris ♂

FEE-niks -- from the Greek name for a date palm

sil-VESS-triss -- from Latin silva (wood), of the woods, growing wild

commonly known as: date-sugar palm, Indian wild date, Indian winepalm, silver date palm, sugar date palm, sugar palm, wild date • Assamese: খাজুৰি khaajuri • Bengali: খর্জূর kharjura, খেজুর khejura • Gujarati: ખજૂરી khajuri • Hindi: खजूर khajur, सेंधी sendhi • Kannada: ಈಚಲು ichalu, ಖರ್ಜೂರ kharjura • Konkani: खाज्जूर khajjur • Malayalam: കാടിനൊത്ത kaattiintha, കാട്ടീന്തല്‍ kaattiinthal, നീലന്തെണ്ട് niilanthent • Manipuri: থাঙতুপ thangtup • Marathi: खारीक kharik, खर्जूर kharjur, खर्जूरी kharjuri, शिंद shinda, शिंदी shindi • Nepalese: kandela, taadii • Oriya: khorjurri • Punjabi: khajur • Sanskrit: खर्जूरः kharjurh, खर्जूरी kharjuri, नेपाली nepali • Tamil: ஈந்துபனை inthupaanai, காட்டீஞ்சு kattinchu • Telugu: ఈత ita • Urdu: کهجور khajur

Native to: Indian sub-continent

References: Flowers of India • eFlora • M.M.P.N.D. • ENVIS - FRLHT

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

2

Jeniang, Kedah, Malaysia.

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. Araceae. CN: [Malay - Keladi telur, Ubi Tawi (Kelantan); Indonesia - Talas belitung, Kimpul, Busil, Bote], Ape (Hawaii), Arrowleaf elephant ear, Blue tannia, Blue taro, Coco, Cocoyam, Eddo, Green arrow elephant ears, Japanese potatoes, Malanga, Malanga blanca, New cocoyam, Ocumo, Purplestem taro, Rosy malanga, Sato-Imo, Tania, Tannia, Yautia, Yautia amarilla, Yautia blanco. Native to the Caribbean, northern and western South America. Stem, shoot and tuber edible. Many varieties, some having blue tubers.

Synonym(s):

Alocasia talihan Elmer Ex Merr.

Arum nigrum Vell.

Arum sagittifolium L. (basionym)

Arum xanthorrhizon Jacq.

Caladium edule G. Mey.

Caladium mafaffa Engl.

Caladium sagittifolium (L.) Vent.

Caladium utile Engl.

Caladium xanthorrhizon (Jacq.) Willd.

Philodendron nigrum Kunth

Xanthosoma appendiculatum Schott

Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. hybridum K. Koch

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. kochii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. moritzii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. panduriforme Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. versicolor K. Koch

Xanthosoma blandum Schott

Xanthosoma edule (G. Mey.) Schott

Xanthosoma ianthinum K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma jacquinii Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. blandum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. typicum Engl.

Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld

Xanthosoma peregrinum Griseb.

Xanthosoma poeppigii var. mafaffa (Schott) J. F. Macbr.

Xanthosoma roseum Schott

Xanthosoma utile K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma violaceum Schott

Xanthosoma xantharrhizon (Jacq.) K. Koch

Ref and suggested reading:

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Xanthosoma.html#sag...

www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/walter-w-skeat/pagan-races...

<a href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia, yautia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)" rel="nofollow">www.fao.org/docrep/t0646e/T0646E0o.htm#Tannia,%20yautia%2...

Solanum ferox L. - "Terong Asam Group" by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

Jeniang, Kedah, Malaysia.

Solanum ferox L. Solanaceae. CN: [Malay and regional vernacular names and sharing with other similar species such as S. macrocarpon - Terung masam. Terung bulu, Terong asam, Terong Dayak, Terong Iban, Tabanburo, Tarambulo, Sinkade, Tarabi], Hairy-fruited eggplant, Malaysian sunplant, Yellow-fruited nightshade. Native to China, Taiwan, Indian Subcontinent (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka), Indo-China (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam), Malesia (Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines), Solomon Islands. S. ferox is an unresolved name according to The Plant List, while GRIN and FRIM classify the species name S. ferox as auct.and a synonym to S. lasiocarpum and S. indicum. Many hybrids and cultivars. Some of the cultivated "Domesticum Group" ones are devoid of fuzzy hairs around fruits, reduced prickles on vegetative parts and variable fruit sizes. The specimen is a wild type armed with sharp prickles at its vegetative parts usually found on waste ground. and quite widespread. The fruits are used in sauces and curries and, like those of most of these (eggplant / nightshade borderline) plants, have a sour taste. In traditional medicine the seeds are used to treat toothache by rolling them in a banana leaf, burning them as a cigar and inhaling the smoke. The roots are used to cure wounds, severe bruises, itch, syphilis and to relieve violent pains all over the body. The fuzzy irritating hairs are easily removed by briefly passing over an open fire or rubbed with coconut husk.

Synonym(s):

Solanum indicum L.

Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal

Solanum immane Hance ex Walp.

Solanum ferox auct.

Solanum lasiocarpum var. velutinum Dunal

Ref. and suggested reading:

FRIM Flora Database

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29604513

www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-29600277

www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?416240

zipcodezoo.com/Plants/s/Solanum_ferox/

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/new/Sorting/CATALOGUE/Pt2-A...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_ferox

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solanum_lasiocarpum

Caribbean trumpet tree by Dinesh Valke

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Bignoniaceae (bignonia, or jacaranda family) » Tabebuia aurea

ta-bee-BEW-ee-uh -- from Brazilian Indian name tacyba bebuya for a species in the genus

AW-re-uh -- meaning, golden flower

commonly known as: Caribbean trumpet tree, tree of gold, yellow tabebuia

Origin: tropical America

... deciduous tree to 25 feet tall ... deeply furrowed light gray bark ... contorted trunk and branches ... handsome, smooth, silvery green to gray green palmately compound leaves and bright yellow tubular flowers.

References: Flowers of India • Top Tropicals • EcoPort • M.M.P.N.D.

Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. by Dinesh Valke

1

Fabaceae (pea, or legume family) » Canavalia gladiata

kan-uh-VAY-lee-uh -- Latinized form of the Malabar vernacular kanavali

glad-ee-AY-tuh -- sword-like

commonly known as: Jack bean, Jamaican horse bean, scimitar bean, sword bean • Assamese: kamtal urahi • Hindi: मक्खन सेम makkhan sem • Kannada: ಶಿಮ್ಬೆ ಅವರೆ shimbe avare • Malayalam: വാള് പയര്‍ vaal payara • Manipuri: তেবী tebi • Marathi: अबई abai • Sanskrit: आशीशिम्बी aasishimbi, महाशिम्बी mahashimbi • Urdu: مکهن سيم makkhan sem

Native to: paleotropics

References: Flowers of India • ARS - GRIN • Wikipedia • M.M.P.N.D.

Krishnabat (Bengali: কৃষ্ণবট) by Dinesh Valke

Moraceae (mulberry family) » Ficus benghalensis var. krishnae

FY-kus or FIK-us -- from the Latin for fig

ben-gal-EN-sis -- of or from Bengal (India); sometimes spelled bengalensis

kr-ISH-nay -- pronunciation attempted, Latinized form of name of Indian diety, Krishna

commonly known as: Krishna's butter cup, Krishna fig • Bengali: কৃষ্ণবট Krishnabat • Chinese: 囊葉榕 (Taiwan) • Hindi: कृष्ण बढ़ Krishna badh, माखन कटोरी makhan katori • Manipuri: ক্ৰিশ্না খোঙনাঙ Krishna khongnang • Marathi: कृष्णवड Krishnavad • Spanish: arbol sagrado de la India, higuera religiosa de la India, higuera sagrada de los budistas

Origin: India

References: Flowers of India • NPGS / GRIN • Top Tropicals • M.M.P.N.D.

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. by Ahmad Fuad Bin Morad

Bukit Tagar, Selangor, Malaysia.

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) H.W. Schott & Endl. Araceae. CN: [Malay - Keladi telur, Ubi Tawi (Kelantan); Indonesia - Talas belitung, Kimpul, Busil, Bote], Ape (Hawaii), Arrowleaf elephant ear, Blue tannia, Blue taro, Coco, Cocoyam, Eddo, Green arrow elephant ears, Japanese potatoes, Malanga, Malanga blanca, New cocoyam, Ocumo, Purplestem taro, Rosy malanga, Sato-Imo, Tania, Tannia, Yautia, Yautia amarilla, Yautia blanco, Matabala (São Tomé & Príncipe). Native to the Caribbean, northern and western South America. Stem, shoot and tuber edible. Many varieties, some having blue tubers.

Synonym(s):

Alocasia talihan Elmer Ex Merr.

Arum nigrum Vell.

Arum sagittifolium L. (basionym)

Arum xanthorrhizon Jacq.

Caladium edule G. Mey.

Caladium mafaffa Engl.

Caladium sagittifolium (L.) Vent.

Caladium utile Engl.

Caladium xanthorrhizon (Jacq.) Willd.

Philodendron nigrum Kunth

Xanthosoma appendiculatum Schott

Xanthosoma atrovirens K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. appendiculatum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. hybridum K. Koch

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. kochii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. moritzii Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. panduriforme Engl.

Xanthosoma atrovirens var. versicolor K. Koch

Xanthosoma blandum Schott

Xanthosoma edule (G. Mey.) Schott

Xanthosoma ianthinum K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma jacquinii Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. blandum (Schott) Engl.

Xanthosoma mafaffa var. typicum Engl.

Xanthosoma nigrum Stellfeld

Xanthosoma peregrinum Griseb.

Xanthosoma poeppigii var. mafaffa (Schott) J. F. Macbr.

Xanthosoma roseum Schott

Xanthosoma utile K. Koch and C. D. Bouché

Xanthosoma violaceum Schott

Xanthosoma xantharrhizon (Jacq.) K. Koch

Ref and suggested reading:

www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Xanthosoma.html#sag...