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John Sloan (1871-1951) better known as a member of the Ashcan School of painting (urban realism) began as an illustrator. This is a poster advertisement (1895) for the journal The Echo. It’s located at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
This was an unexpected sighting, as you can guess from the terrible shot. I was shooting dragonflies in flight when I saw movement on the edge of my vision and realised it was a grass snake crossing the water. The animal detect focus on the OM-1, which does very well with dragonflies, totally failed to recognised a swimming snake!
This bus is one of 20 2023 IC CE’s currently in the fleet. This bus replaced a 2002 International Conventional once it is put into service.
This is a monkey in Ubud's Monkey Forest in Bali, Indonesia. The monkeys of this age are the ones you need to look out for! Kind of hard not to make eye contact when you are looking directly in their eye for a photo!
This beautiful fox is a wild fox, but obviously not skittish. It climbed up on this stump and curled up to watch the world go by, just 15 feet from my car (and myself standing behind my car).
This is our Poppa Bluebird before his left foot was injured. He was first attracted to the birdbath. It wasn't long before Momma showed up to have a look around and see if she wanted to move into the neighborhood. Fortunately, there was a box that suited them.
This was taken in Scotland a few years ago and I have no idea where, somewhere between the Laggan Dam south as far as Glasgow and back east to Perth I have been searching google earth for hours and I give up..........
This is a picture of my niece that I took for her senior portraits. She is a wonderful model and did a great job posing. I used photoshop to incorporate several of her poses into one portrait.
This marble sculpture, created in 1819, is among the oldest works of art in the U.S. Capitol. It depicts Clio, the muse of History, holding a book in which she records events as they unfold.
Learn more about this artwork at: www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/other/car-history-clock
This official Architect of the Capitol photograph is being made available for educational, scholarly, news or personal purposes (not advertising or any other commercial use). When any of these images is used the photographic credit line should read “Architect of the Capitol.” These images may not be used in any way that would imply endorsement by the Architect of the Capitol or the United States Congress of a product, service or point of view. For more information visit www.aoc.gov.
This is my Creative Commons Flickr account. You can use these images freely. I kindly ask you to:
• Link back to flickr.com/claudiaregina_cc
• Comment here with the link to the page where you used my photo (I'm curious ^^)
Not CC work: blog.claudiaregina.com
This is the main temple inside the Palace grounds. Visitors always want to get their pictures taken in front of this remarkable structure. Even when the temperature is chilly like it is today at 28F.
This photo has been published in Sep-Dec 2009 issue of HUN, most leading Punjabi journal (Page 129).
This bird regularly visits our gushing fountain for a drink. She also avails both the suet and seed feeders. Any profile of the head of this bird shows well the feature by which it is distinguished from its look-alike cousin: Downy Woodpecker. The bill length of this lady is more than half the head length; the bill of the Downy is relatively shorter. Only the males have red markings on the rear of their heads... females like this have no such markings. (However, both sexes of juvenile birds temporarily sport red heads.) Later in the season, the Woodpecker males show up at our bird oasis much more often than the females.
IMG_7565; Hairy Woodpecker
HDR. AEB +/-3 total of 7 exposures processed with Photomatix. Colors adjusted in PSE.
High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) is a high dynamic range (HDR) technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques. The aim is to present a similar range of luminance to that experienced through the human visual system. The human eye, through adaptation of the iris and other methods, adjusts constantly to adapt to a broad range of luminance present in the environment. The brain continuously interprets this information so that a viewer can see in a wide range of light conditions.
HDR images can represent a greater range of luminance levels than can be achieved using more 'traditional' methods, such as many real-world scenes containing very bright, direct sunlight to extreme shade, or very faint nebulae. This is often achieved by capturing and then combining several different, narrower range, exposures of the same subject matter. Non-HDR cameras take photographs with a limited exposure range, referred to as LDR, resulting in the loss of detail in highlights or shadows.
The two primary types of HDR images are computer renderings and images resulting from merging multiple low-dynamic-range (LDR) or standard-dynamic-range (SDR) photographs. HDR images can also be acquired using special image sensors, such as an oversampled binary image sensor.
Due to the limitations of printing and display contrast, the extended luminosity range of an HDR image has to be compressed to be made visible. The method of rendering an HDR image to a standard monitor or printing device is called tone mapping. This method reduces the overall contrast of an HDR image to facilitate display on devices or printouts with lower dynamic range, and can be applied to produce images with preserved local contrast (or exaggerated for artistic effect).
In photography, dynamic range is measured in exposure value (EV) differences (known as stops). An increase of one EV, or 'one stop', represents a doubling of the amount of light. Conversely, a decrease of one EV represents a halving of the amount of light. Therefore, revealing detail in the darkest of shadows requires high exposures, while preserving detail in very bright situations requires very low exposures. Most cameras cannot provide this range of exposure values within a single exposure, due to their low dynamic range. High-dynamic-range photographs are generally achieved by capturing multiple standard-exposure images, often using exposure bracketing, and then later merging them into a single HDR image, usually within a photo manipulation program). Digital images are often encoded in a camera's raw image format, because 8-bit JPEG encoding does not offer a wide enough range of values to allow fine transitions (and regarding HDR, later introduces undesirable effects due to lossy compression).
Any camera that allows manual exposure control can make images for HDR work, although one equipped with auto exposure bracketing (AEB) is far better suited. Images from film cameras are less suitable as they often must first be digitized, so that they can later be processed using software HDR methods.
In most imaging devices, the degree of exposure to light applied to the active element (be it film or CCD) can be altered in one of two ways: by either increasing/decreasing the size of the aperture or by increasing/decreasing the time of each exposure. Exposure variation in an HDR set is only done by altering the exposure time and not the aperture size; this is because altering the aperture size also affects the depth of field and so the resultant multiple images would be quite different, preventing their final combination into a single HDR image.
An important limitation for HDR photography is that any movement between successive images will impede or prevent success in combining them afterwards. Also, as one must create several images (often three or five and sometimes more) to obtain the desired luminance range, such a full 'set' of images takes extra time. HDR photographers have developed calculation methods and techniques to partially overcome these problems, but the use of a sturdy tripod is, at least, advised.
Some cameras have an auto exposure bracketing (AEB) feature with a far greater dynamic range than others, from the 3 EV of the Canon EOS 40D, to the 18 EV of the Canon EOS-1D Mark II. As the popularity of this imaging method grows, several camera manufactures are now offering built-in HDR features. For example, the Pentax K-7 DSLR has an HDR mode that captures an HDR image and outputs (only) a tone mapped JPEG file. The Canon PowerShot G12, Canon PowerShot S95 and Canon PowerShot S100 offer similar features in a smaller format.. Nikon's approach is called 'Active D-Lighting' which applies exposure compensation and tone mapping to the image as it comes from the sensor, with the accent being on retaing a realistic effect . Some smartphones provide HDR modes, and most mobile platforms have apps that provide HDR picture taking.
Camera characteristics such as gamma curves, sensor resolution, noise, photometric calibration and color calibration affect resulting high-dynamic-range images.
Color film negatives and slides consist of multiple film layers that respond to light differently. As a consequence, transparent originals (especially positive slides) feature a very high dynamic range
Tone mapping
Tone mapping reduces the dynamic range, or contrast ratio, of an entire image while retaining localized contrast. Although it is a distinct operation, tone mapping is often applied to HDRI files by the same software package.
Several software applications are available on the PC, Mac and Linux platforms for producing HDR files and tone mapped images. Notable titles include
Adobe Photoshop
Aurora HDR
Dynamic Photo HDR
HDR Efex Pro
HDR PhotoStudio
Luminance HDR
MagicRaw
Oloneo PhotoEngine
Photomatix Pro
PTGui
Information stored in high-dynamic-range images typically corresponds to the physical values of luminance or radiance that can be observed in the real world. This is different from traditional digital images, which represent colors as they should appear on a monitor or a paper print. Therefore, HDR image formats are often called scene-referred, in contrast to traditional digital images, which are device-referred or output-referred. Furthermore, traditional images are usually encoded for the human visual system (maximizing the visual information stored in the fixed number of bits), which is usually called gamma encoding or gamma correction. The values stored for HDR images are often gamma compressed (power law) or logarithmically encoded, or floating-point linear values, since fixed-point linear encodings are increasingly inefficient over higher dynamic ranges.
HDR images often don't use fixed ranges per color channel—other than traditional images—to represent many more colors over a much wider dynamic range. For that purpose, they don't use integer values to represent the single color channels (e.g., 0-255 in an 8 bit per pixel interval for red, green and blue) but instead use a floating point representation. Common are 16-bit (half precision) or 32-bit floating point numbers to represent HDR pixels. However, when the appropriate transfer function is used, HDR pixels for some applications can be represented with a color depth that has as few as 10–12 bits for luminance and 8 bits for chrominance without introducing any visible quantization artifacts.
History of HDR photography
The idea of using several exposures to adequately reproduce a too-extreme range of luminance was pioneered as early as the 1850s by Gustave Le Gray to render seascapes showing both the sky and the sea. Such rendering was impossible at the time using standard methods, as the luminosity range was too extreme. Le Gray used one negative for the sky, and another one with a longer exposure for the sea, and combined the two into one picture in positive.
Mid 20th century
Manual tone mapping was accomplished by dodging and burning – selectively increasing or decreasing the exposure of regions of the photograph to yield better tonality reproduction. This was effective because the dynamic range of the negative is significantly higher than would be available on the finished positive paper print when that is exposed via the negative in a uniform manner. An excellent example is the photograph Schweitzer at the Lamp by W. Eugene Smith, from his 1954 photo essay A Man of Mercy on Dr. Albert Schweitzer and his humanitarian work in French Equatorial Africa. The image took 5 days to reproduce the tonal range of the scene, which ranges from a bright lamp (relative to the scene) to a dark shadow.
Ansel Adams elevated dodging and burning to an art form. Many of his famous prints were manipulated in the darkroom with these two methods. Adams wrote a comprehensive book on producing prints called The Print, which prominently features dodging and burning, in the context of his Zone System.
With the advent of color photography, tone mapping in the darkroom was no longer possible due to the specific timing needed during the developing process of color film. Photographers looked to film manufacturers to design new film stocks with improved response, or continued to shoot in black and white to use tone mapping methods.
Color film capable of directly recording high-dynamic-range images was developed by Charles Wyckoff and EG&G "in the course of a contract with the Department of the Air Force". This XR film had three emulsion layers, an upper layer having an ASA speed rating of 400, a middle layer with an intermediate rating, and a lower layer with an ASA rating of 0.004. The film was processed in a manner similar to color films, and each layer produced a different color. The dynamic range of this extended range film has been estimated as 1:108. It has been used to photograph nuclear explosions, for astronomical photography, for spectrographic research, and for medical imaging. Wyckoff's detailed pictures of nuclear explosions appeared on the cover of Life magazine in the mid-1950s.
Late 20th century
Georges Cornuéjols and licensees of his patents (Brdi, Hymatom) introduced the principle of HDR video image, in 1986, by interposing a matricial LCD screen in front of the camera's image sensor, increasing the sensors dynamic by five stops. The concept of neighborhood tone mapping was applied to video cameras by a group from the Technion in Israel led by Dr. Oliver Hilsenrath and Prof. Y.Y.Zeevi who filed for a patent on this concept in 1988.
In February and April 1990, Georges Cornuéjols introduced the first real-time HDR camera that combined two images captured by a sensor3435 or simultaneously3637 by two sensors of the camera. This process is known as bracketing used for a video stream.
In 1991, the first commercial video camera was introduced that performed real-time capturing of multiple images with different exposures, and producing an HDR video image, by Hymatom, licensee of Georges Cornuéjols.
Also in 1991, Georges Cornuéjols introduced the HDR+ image principle by non-linear accumulation of images to increase the sensitivity of the camera: for low-light environments, several successive images are accumulated, thus increasing the signal to noise ratio.
In 1993, another commercial medical camera producing an HDR video image, by the Technion.
Modern HDR imaging uses a completely different approach, based on making a high-dynamic-range luminance or light map using only global image operations (across the entire image), and then tone mapping the result. Global HDR was first introduced in 19931 resulting in a mathematical theory of differently exposed pictures of the same subject matter that was published in 1995 by Steve Mann and Rosalind Picard.
On October 28, 1998, Ben Sarao created one of the first nighttime HDR+G (High Dynamic Range + Graphic image)of STS-95 on the launch pad at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. It consisted of four film images of the shuttle at night that were digitally composited with additional digital graphic elements. The image was first exhibited at NASA Headquarters Great Hall, Washington DC in 1999 and then published in Hasselblad Forum, Issue 3 1993, Volume 35 ISSN 0282-5449.
The advent of consumer digital cameras produced a new demand for HDR imaging to improve the light response of digital camera sensors, which had a much smaller dynamic range than film. Steve Mann developed and patented the global-HDR method for producing digital images having extended dynamic range at the MIT Media Laboratory. Mann's method involved a two-step procedure: (1) generate one floating point image array by global-only image operations (operations that affect all pixels identically, without regard to their local neighborhoods); and then (2) convert this image array, using local neighborhood processing (tone-remapping, etc.), into an HDR image. The image array generated by the first step of Mann's process is called a lightspace image, lightspace picture, or radiance map. Another benefit of global-HDR imaging is that it provides access to the intermediate light or radiance map, which has been used for computer vision, and other image processing operations.
21st century
In 2005, Adobe Systems introduced several new features in Photoshop CS2 including Merge to HDR, 32 bit floating point image support, and HDR tone mapping.
On June 30, 2016, Microsoft added support for the digital compositing of HDR images to Windows 10 using the Universal Windows Platform.
HDR sensors
Modern CMOS image sensors can often capture a high dynamic range from a single exposure. The wide dynamic range of the captured image is non-linearly compressed into a smaller dynamic range electronic representation. However, with proper processing, the information from a single exposure can be used to create an HDR image.
Such HDR imaging is used in extreme dynamic range applications like welding or automotive work. Some other cameras designed for use in security applications can automatically provide two or more images for each frame, with changing exposure. For example, a sensor for 30fps video will give out 60fps with the odd frames at a short exposure time and the even frames at a longer exposure time. Some of the sensor may even combine the two images on-chip so that a wider dynamic range without in-pixel compression is directly available to the user for display or processing.
This F1 paper car is a Honda Lotus 99T (driven by Ayrton Senna), a Formula One racing car designed by Gérard Ducarouge for Lotus for use in the 1987 season, the paper model is created by Zenit, and the scale is in 1:24.
You can download the papercraft model template here: F1 Paper Model - 1987 Ho...
www.papercraftsquare.com/f1-paper-model-1987-honda-lotus-...
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This is on the north side of the channel from Portland Head Light.
A low tide... very low.
The pier to the lighthouse shows the tidal range. The rocks in front of the lighthouse are covered at high tide.
I sanded and painted the rod, attached arms, and spring while it was apart. The little set screw holds the spring in; remove it and slide the spring sideways to release tension on it. Do this with the window closed, and be careful around the glass.
This bus is one of 20 2023 IC CE's currently in the fleet. This bus replaced a 1999 AmTran Conventional once owned by the district.
This is all that remains of the Chicago Great Western in Dubuque, Iowa in 1980. CNW 1638 heads to tie down for the day at Fair Ground as is passes under the E 32nd St. bridge.
This is white alpaca that has had one wash ( I am guessing). It still has quite a bit of dirt and vm ( vegetable matter) in it. Thankfully it does not smell---I was scared to open the plastic bag it arrived in *____*
This beautiful lady kept telling me she's not photogenic! I beg to differ! Press L for a better look!
This products labeling represents that it contains Delta-8 THC.
See the warning letter for more information: www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-crimin...
This is a boxer that came in this morning. He's a powerful boy, all sinewy and muscled up. Unfortunately, he has a terrible underbite, which has resulted in him losing his front lower teeth. He was a sweet boy, though, well-behaved, and only showed his boxer-ness while I was brushing him out, with his butt wiggling (his tail was just a stump) 90-outta-nothin the whole time.
This was from Balluminaria 2009 at Eden Park in Cincinnati, Ohio. Its a great event held annually; this was my second year and it was nice to see it much more crowded this time.
I was looking for a spot on the edge of the lake (man made pool) for awhile and finally a photographer left early so I jumped on his spot. I didnt have my tripod so I just rested my camera on the concrete boarder of the pool.
This is a day-time view of a scene I first photographed at night. Both images of this Maricopa scene were captured while I sat on my recumbent trike.
This small anthology of Persian poetry consisting of poems by such authors as Jāmī, Azārī, Fayz̤ī, Navāʾī, and Saʿdī was put together by an anonymous scribe in 1105 AH / 1693 CE. Illustrated with six miniatures, the margins of this manuscript are embellished with stenciled designs of angels, men and animals. The illumination depicts a woman holding a vase of flowers.
To explore fully digitized manuscripts with a virtual page-turning application, please visit Walters Ex Libris.
After showing up, the subject became angry, I guess I picked the wrong form this time. So I revealed my true self. The subject fell silent. I took his hands from my neck, stepped back, and said softly, "It's this way"
Red howler
Do not use my pictures without permission - but feel free to contact me or visit my website: www.gevoeligeplaten.nl or go and like my Facebook page: FB gevoeligeplatenl
This is a commissioned piece. Autobot X/Spike is non-transforming, and includes LEDs in his custom head and arm cannon. He stands approximately 10 inches tall. Autobot X has tons of details and articulation. In addition, the customer commissioned the signature table which Autobot X was built on. This table lights up with a continuous electroluminescent blue light wire, which has multiple settings (always on/blink/fast blink)
home from my cousin's wedding...
-_-tirrrrrrrrred. call me high maitenance, but i just can't sleep when other people breath too loudly or snore:|
i was tagged again, so let's get down to it:
1. i don't like to spend money. period. although i seem to not have nearly as much guilt when i buy food...that comes quite easily.
2. yes, i can speak spanish, but somewhat poorly...i always get lost when it comes to subjunctive tenses...pluperfect? whoever came up with that?
3. i really like ellipses... ... ... ... they give that pause that lends the reader to feel as though the writer is actually speaking; they insinuate a conversational tone.
4. i'm up to 8 books that i need to read, two of them for summer ap english homework (dorian gray, poisonwood bible). others include false memory-dean koontz; will grayson, will grayson-john green/david levithan; and painfully shy: how to overcome social anxiety and reclaim your life-barbara&greg markway.
5. i have social anxiety disorder.
6. i love the smell of sunscreen.
7. when i go away on a trip of any sort by my lonesome, i always cry about missing my dog...not my parents...(sorry mom&dad...)
8. ...
9. i'm somewhat of a hoarder; i can't throw my garbage bags away because i'm always afraid i'll need some paper or another.
10. i was in a dance recital yesterday...my 12th.
ummm i'll tag people in a bit...
me sleeps now.
This was taken at my grandmother's childhood home on Wheaton Street, Savannah. The mother and child are related to her somehow but I don't know who they are.
This butterfly will be a donation to "On a Wing and a Prayer Butterfly Garden" wall mosaic project at the Crossroads Safehouse in Fort Collins, Colorado organized by Jean McBride and Jane Sullivan of Two Sisters Mosaics. Contact Rita Schelin of Krakd Mosaics for more information or to donate your own butterfly before April 1!
This image has been digitised from Queensland State Archives, Series ID S2149: Railway Glass Plate Negatives - Queensland Rail Heritage Collection. It is one of the images depicting the many stations, bridges and tracks that people and goods travelled from, on and through all over the Queensland Rail network.
This drawing is based on one made by MacGibbon & Ross. I have made a few changes to it, in particular, its orientation. M&R show the building orientated further clockwise, with the result that they call the south wing, the west wing etc etc. Nigel Tranter has copied M&R (as he often did) and the Canmore website has copied both of them - so they are all wrong! All the following references refer to the correct orientation, as shown here.
So, with that said, the three wings arranged as previously described, in a T, are plain to see. I will be making no further reference to the west wing, which is the most modern, having been added in the late 19th century. I imagine this is when the roof-line was made uniform over the whole building.
The old tower is clear to see, not just because it says 'Old Tower', but due to the massive thickness of its walls, which Tranter tells us reach 14 feet. This tower is believed to be 16th century and it was extended eastward, probably in the same century, to form the area known erroneously as the Guard Room. The north wall of this room is as thick as the original keep and M&R suggest that it may be of the same age. It was actually built as a kitchen, as demonstrated by the large fireplace at its east end, but when the kitchen was later moved to the newly built 17th century south wing and new entrances built alongside, 'Guard Room' became its convenient name (and just possibly its function).
The other interesting feature shown on this drawing is the passage, show in darker grey, that passes north/south through the wall that separates the old tower from the 16th century kitchen. It was excavated through the existing wall in the 19th century when the west wing was built and the "modern passage" added, as shown to the north. It provided the domestic staff with access from the kitchen in the south wing to the new west and the older east wings.
The porch shown by M&R and containing the word 'Entrances', has been removed.