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Faversham’s Magna Carta
Copies of this confirmation of Magna Carta granted in 1300, which includes the whole text of Magna Carta, were sent to many towns throughout the country. At the foot of this copy it is stated in Latin that it is for the barons of the Port of Faversham. Originally granted by King John 1215, Faversham’s version is a confirmation of the re-issue of 1225.
1300 Magna Carta.
Parchment, c. 59 × 44 (+32) cms. Decorated initial ‘E’. Great seal of Edward I on a replaced parchment tag.
Tann, Royal Charters of Faversham, pp. 102-111.
Translation
Edward by the grace of God king of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine sends greeting to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all bailiffs and faithful people. We have inspected the charter of the lord Henry, our father, king of England (Henry III 1216-1272) about the liberties of England in these words:
Henry by the grace of God king of England, Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Count of Anjou sends greeting to his archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all faithful people who will inspect the present charter. You may know that we by the instigation of God and for the salvation of our souls and the souls of our ancestors and descendants by our spontaneous and good will have, for the elevation of the Holy church and the bettering of our kingdom, given and granted to the archbishops, bishops, priors, earls, barons and ministers of our kingdom these liberties as are written below to be observed in our kingdom of England in perpetuity. Firstly we have conceded to God and we, by this our present charter, confirm for ourselves and for our heirs in perpetuity that the English church may be free and may hold all rights freely, fully and its liberties unquestioned; we have also granted and have given to all free men of our kingdom on behalf of ourself and of our heirs in perpetuity that they may have and hold the liberties as written below, by them and their heirs of us and our heirs in perpetuity. If any person of our earls or barons or of any other tenants who hold of us in chief through knight service may die and after his death and his heir shall be of full age and he owes relief, he may receive his inheritance through the old relief, that is to say an heir or the heirs of an earl by a hundred pounds for the entire Earldom, an heir or the heirs of a baron by a hundred marks for the full Barony, the heir or heirs by a hundred shillings for a full knights fee at the most and who has held less may give in accordance with the ancient custom of the fees. If however the heir of anyone of any such status should have been under age, the lord may not have custody of him nor of his land before he has taken his homage and afterwards such an heir who shall have been in custody, shall, when he has come of age, that is at twenty one years, receive his inheritance without relief and without a fine. Moreover that if he should have become a knight while he has been in custody, even so the land may remain in the keeping of his lords to the end of the aforesaid term. The guardian of the land of an heir of this nature, who has been under age, may not take anything from the heir’s land unless reasonable profits of that land. He ought to make report to us and if he, during his time of guardianship shall cause damage or commit waste then we will take it from him to be emended and the land may be committed to two trusted and honest men. And if we have given or sold the guardianship of the land to anyone of such nature and he then has caused damage or waste he shall loose that guardianship and it be handed over to two trusted and honest men of that fee who similarly may answer to us just as is aforesaid. However the guardian of the land has to accept a certain responsibility for the land in this manner: he will maintain the buildings, parks, fish ponds, stanks, mills and all things pertaining to that land out of the profits of the same land and when the heir shall come of full age he shall return his land completely stocked with ploughs and all other things in full just as he received it. All these things are to be observed concerning the custody of the lands of archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, churches and vacant dignitaries which pertain to us, except when the guardianship in this manner ought to come to us. The heirs shall marry without disparagement, a widow at once after her husband’s death and she may have her marriage allowance and her inheritance without obstacle and may not give anything for her dowry nor for her marriage portion for the inheritance; that is any inheritance which she, the same widow and her husband held on the day of her husband’s death and she may remain in her husband’s capital messuage for forty days after her husband’s death, within which days her dowry may be assigned to her, unless it shall have been already assigned to her or unless that residence should be a castle and if she should depart from such castle, a suitable house may be provided at once for her in which she may honourably remain until her dowry be assigned to her, as it aforesaid and meanwhile she may have a reasonable maintenance grant from the community. However a third part of all her husband’s land may be assigned to her for her dowry which was hers during his life, unless she had been provided with less dowry at the church entrance. No widow may be pressurised to get married while she has wished to live without a husband. Then so that she may give assurance that she will not marry without our assent if she has held from us or without her lord’s assent if she has held from another. Indeed neither we, nor our bailiffs will seize any land or rent for any debt when certain present chattels of the debtor are sufficient to pay the debt and the debtor himself made be prepared to make satisfaction, nor shall the sureties of the same debtor be distrained when the chief debtor himself has sufficient for the payment of his own debt and if the chief debtor should default in payment of the debt, not having the funds to make repayment or being reluctant to make payment when he is able, the sureties for the debt may be responsible and if they should wish they may have the debtor’s lands and rents until he makes satisfaction to them about the debt which they have paid for him previously, unless the chief debtor has shown that he is quit towards his sureties. The city of London may have all is ancient liberties and customs; in addition we wish and concede that all other cities and boroughs and towns and the barons of the Cinque Ports and all ports may have all the liberties as their free customs. No one may be distrained to make more service for a knight’s fee nor for any other free tenement than that which is owing. The common pleas may not follow our court but shall be held in another particular place. Recognizances of Nova Disseisina and of Morte Antecessorum shall not be taken unless in their own counties. We, or if we should be out of the kingdom our chief justiciary, shall send our justiciaries into every county whatsoever once in a year, where, with the knights of the shires they may take the aforesaid assizes and those things which at his coming in the county cannot be terminated through our aforesaid justiciaries at the two assizes which were taken, shall be terminated by the same men elsewhere in their itinerary and those matters which by the same men could not be terminated on account of difficulty of other articles may be referred to the justiciaries of the Bench. The assizes of Ultima Presentacione are always taken before the justiciaries of the Bench and to be terminated there. A free man may not be amerced for a minor offence except according to the manner of the same man’s offence and for a more serious offence according to the extent of his delinquency, saving to the consideration of his status and a merchant in the same way according to his merchandise and a villein of another, rather than of ours, shall be amerced in the same way according to his weregeld should he happen to be placed into our mercy and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed unless through the oath of trusted and law-abiding men of the neighbourhood and knights and barons shall not be amerced except through their peers and not unless according to the manner of the offence. No ecclesiastical person shall be amerced according to the quantity of his benefice but according to the quantity of his lay fee and according to the nature of his offence nor shall any villein or free man be distrained to build bridges at the waterways unless they had been obliged to do so from ancient times and by right. No defences shall be made for any river banks apart from those which had been made as defences in the time of king Henry our grandfather throughout the same places and under the same terms, just as they were accustomed to do in his time. No sheriff, constable, coroner or any other of our bailiffs may hold pleas of our crown. If any person holding a lay free of us shall have died and our sheriff or bailiff shall show our letters patent concerning our summons about the debt which shows what he owes to us, it may then be lawful for the sheriff or our bailiff to impound and evaluate all the deceased person’s goods and chattels found in that lay fee to the extent of that debt assessed by the valuation of trusted men. Thence nothing may be removed from there until the debt to us which was clearly shown shall be paid and the residue may be left to the executors in accordance with the deceased person’s will and if nothing may be owed to us by him and all his chattels shall yield to the deceased, saving to the wife and children of the same in reasonable share. No constable or a bailiff of his may take the corn or other chattels of anyone who is not of the town where the castle is situated unless he immediately pays money for them, or then he can have respite by the wish of the vendor. If however he is of that same town he may pay the price within forty days. No constable may distrain any knight to give him money for castle guard if he shall have been willing to do this in his own person or if for some good reason he is not able to perform this service through another trusted man; in addition, if we have led or sent him into the army, he may be exempt from service in accordance with the time during which through us he was in the army because of the fee for which he has done service in the host. No sheriff or our bailiff or any other person shall take the horses or carts of anyone to make a carriage unless he shall make the payment laid down in ancient statutes, that is to say ten pence per day for one cart with two horses and fourteen pence per day for one cart with three horses. No cart of the demesne of any ecclesiastical person or knight or of any other lord shall be taken by our bailiffs neither shall we, our bailiffs or anyone else take wood belonging to anyone else for our castles or for any other of our works unless by permission of the person to whom the wood belongs. We will not hold the lands of those persons convicted of felony longer than one year and one day and then those lands shall be returned to the lord of the fees. All fish kidells shall forthwith be removed from the Thames and Medway and throughout the whole of England unless upon the sea coast. The writ called Precipe in future shall not be granted to anyone of any free tenement, thence a free man may loose his court. There shall be one measure of wine throughout our whole kingdom and one measure of beer and one measure of corn, that is to say the quarter of London and one width of dyed cloth, of russets and halberjects, that is two ells within the selvedges. Concerning weights, these shall be the same as the measures. In future nothing may be given or taken from him who seeks the writ of the inquisition Concerning life and limbs but it shall be freely conceded and not denied. If anyone may hold of us in fee farm or socage or burgage and shall hold land from another by military service we will not have the custody of either his heir nor lands which he holds of another because of that fee -farm, socage or burgage, unless the fee farm owes that same man military service. We will not have custody of the heir or lands of anyone who holds from any other person lands by military service by reason of petty serjeantry which he holds of us by service of giving daggers or arrows or other similar things to us. Forthwith no bailiff shall place any man to his open law, not to an open oath upon his own simple affirmation without faithful witnesses brought for the purpose. No free man be taken or imprisoned nor dispossessed of his free tenement nor of his liberties or free customs nor outlawed nor exiled nor in any way brought to destruction nor shall we go upon him nor condemn him except through the lawful judgement of his peers or through the law of the land. We will not sell to anyone, nor will we not deny nor delay to anyone either right or justice. All merchants, unless they have received public prohibition, shall have safe and secure conduct to go from and come into England and to remain and to travel throughout England both by land and by water to buy and sell with no unjust exactions, in accordance with the ancient and right customs, except in time of war and if they should be from the country with which we are at war and such merchants are found in our land at the beginning of the war, they shall be apprehended with no loss to their persons or to their goods until it is made known to us or to our chief justiciary how the merchants of our land who may be found in that land which is at war with us are used and if our men were safe there, then those others shall be safe in our land. If anyone has held of another escheat, as of the honour of Wallingford, Boulogne, Nottingham, Lancaster or other escheats which are in our hands and which might be baronies and has died, his heir shall not give any relief nor perform any other service to us other than he may make to a baron, if that might be in a baron’s hands and we will hold it in the same manner by which the baron held it, nor by reason of such a barony or escheat will we have any escheat or custody of any of our men unless he who held the barony or escheat held otherwise of us in chief. In future no free man shall give or sell any more of his land but except that from the residue of his land he may be able to make the service owing to the lord of the fee which pertains to that fee. All the patrons of abbeys which have charters of the kings of England concerning the advowson or the ancient tenure or possessions may hold custody of them while they shall have been vacant just is they ought to have and just as is decreed above. No one shall be arrested or imprisoned by the appeal of a woman for the death of any man other than her husband. Henceforth no county court may be held except from month to month, and where the greater term was accustomed to be it may be greater, neither shall any sheriff or his bailiff make his turn throughout the hundred except on two occasions in a year and not unless in the due and accustomed place, that is to say once after Easter and again after the feast of Michaelmas and the view of frank pledge shall be then made at the same Michaelmas term with no obstacle, thus moreover that everyone may have his liberties which he had or was accustomed to have in the time of king Henry our grandfather or which things he has since acquired. However the view of frank pledge may be so done that our peace may be held and that the tything may be fully kept just as it was accustomed to be and that the sheriff may seek no perquisites and that he may be content with such as the sheriff was accustomed to have when he made his view at the time of king Henry our grandfather, nor in the future may it be lawful for any man to give his land to a religious house and to take that land to hold from the same house nor may it be lawful for a religious house to accept land of any man and to lease that land to him from whom it was received. Forthwith if anyone has so granted land to a religious house and upon this is convicted, his gift shall immediately be curtailed and that land returned to the lord of that fee. Forthwith scutage may be taken [as was customary] in the time of our grandfather king Henry and saving to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, Templars, Hospitallers, earls, barons and all other persons both ecclesiastical and secular all the liberties and free customs which they first had. However all men of our kingdom, both clergy and laity shall observe all the customs and the aforesaid liberties [hole in MS which we have granted] in as much as pertains to us towards them in the way that these pertain towards them. However for this grant and concession of those liberties and other things contained in our charter concerning the liberties of the Forest the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons and all people of our kingdom have given us a fifteenth part of all their moveable goods. We have granted also to the same people on our behalf and that of our heirs that neither we nor our heirs may request anything through which the liberties as contained in this charter may be violated or questioned and if any persons [may presume to commit such action] such may be worthless and set at nought. These are the witnesses: The lord S archbishop of Canterbury, E bishop of London, the bishops, J. Bath. P Winchester. H, Lincoln. R. Salisbury. W. Rochester, W.Worcester, J. Ely. H. Hereford. R. Chichester. W. Exeter, the abbot of Bury St Edmunds. The abbot of [hole], the abbot of Battle, the abbot of St Augustine’s Canterbury, the abbot of Evesham, the abbot of Westminster, the abbot of Peterborough, the abbot of Reading, the abbot of Abingdon, the abbot of Malmesbury, the abbot of Winchcombe, the abbot of Hythe, the abbot of Chertsey, the abbot of Shirbourne. The abbot of [hole] the abbot of Aylesbury. the abbot of Middleton., the abbot of Selby, the abbot of Cirencester, Hubert de Burgh our justiciar, H. earl of Chester and Lincoln, W. earl of Salisbury. W. earl Warenne. Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucester and Hereford, W. de Ferrars earl of Derby, W de Mandeville earl of Essex, Hugh de Bigod earl of Norfolk, W. earl of Albermarle, H earl of Hereford. J Constable of Chester, R. de Ros, R son of Walter, R de Veteri Ponte, W. de Bruer. R. de Montfichet. P. fitz Herbert, W. de Aubeny son of Gresly, J de Munmue. J. Fitzalan, H de Mortimer, W de Beauchamp, W. de St John, P. de Malo lacu, Brian de Isham, Thomas de Multon, R. de Argentenn, G de Nevill, W. Manduit, J de Ballivi and others. Given at Westminster on the eleventh day of February in the ninth year of our reign, 1224/5. We however, having ratified the aforesaid grants and concessions freely concede and confirm them on behalf of ourself and of our heirs and renew them by the tenor of the present writings, desiring and granting for ourselves and our heirs that the aforesaid charter may be observed in all and each of its articles firmly and also unquestioned in perpetuity, if any articles contained in the same charter shall not previously have been observed. These are the witnesses: the venerable fathers * Robert archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, and bishops Anthony of Durham, Robert of London. Robert of Ely, Thomas of Exeter, Walter of Coventry and Lichfield, Simon of Salisbury, J (sic) Thomas of Rochester, John of Norwich and John of Llandaff, John elect of Lincoln, John de Warenne Earl of Surrey, Thomas Earl of Lancaster, Roger le Bygod Earl of Norfolk and Marshall of England, Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, Ralph de Monte Hermern Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex, Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, Richard fitz Alan Earl of Arundel, Reginald de Grey, John de Hastings, Henry de Percy, Hugh le Despenser, Hugh de Veer, Robert de Tateshale, Hugh Bardolp, Hugh de Courteneye, John de Seagrave, Henry de Grey, William de Ros de Helmesleye, Alan la Zusche, Robert de Tony, Robert de Monte Alto, William de Breous, Thomas [hole]nall, John de Engaygne, Peter Corbet, William de Leyburn, William de Latymer, Walter de Beauchamp, steward of our lodgings, Walter de Huntercumbe and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on the twenty eighth day of March in the twenty eighth year of our reign. * Robert Winchelsey archbishop of Canterbury 1293-1313 Anthony Bek bishop of Durham 1283-1311 Robert Gravesend bishop of London 1280-1303 Robert de Walpole bishop of Ely1299-1302 Thomas de Bitton bishop of Exeter 1291-1307 Walter de Langeton bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1296-1321 Simon of Ghent bishop of Salisbury 1297-1315 Thomas de Wouldham bishop of Rochester 1291-1317 John Salmon bishop of Norwich 1299-1325 John de Dalderby bishop elect of Lincoln 1300-1320. Elected 15th January 1300, consecrated 12 June 1300.
Written on fold of charter: For the Barons of the port of Faversham. Examined through Master Edmund of London
A close-up of the bible someone lent me while we were at church Sunday morning. They read from the King James Version. I like this shot.
Text of signage at Leg o'Mutton Nature Reserve
Welcome to Leg o' Mutton Nature Reserve
The Leg o' Mutton Reservoir was built in 1838 for Thames Water with a capacity of 102,000m³ of water; increased to 260,000m³ in 1879. It supplied local water until 1960, when it was decommissioned. Housing was planned for the site but was fiercely opposed by local residents through several public enquiries. The Council purchased the area from Thames Water in 1970 and it was managed as a public space until 1990 when it was re-designated as a Local Nature Reserve. In 1993 it was registered as a Site of Borough (Grade 1) Importance for Nature Conservation. The reserve is 800m long and 100m wide. It is owned and managed by Richmond Council (with an Advisory Committee made up of representatives from local organisations).
The Reserve is home to a wealth of wildlife from teal to terrapins. Its invertebrate residents include stag beetle, oak bush cricket, speckled wood and other butterflies. Insect residents include stag beetle, oak bush cricket, speckled wood and many other butterflies. Birdlife includes shoveler, pochard, grebe, tufted duck, teal and cormorant on the water, with sparrowhawk, kestrel, tawny owl, warblers and woodpeckers nesting in the trees and reedbeds. Herons nest both on the rafts and in the trees. The flora includes many common species such as hawthorn, bramble and common reed, but also the rarer ploughman's spikenard and dark mullein. The imposing hybrid poplars are believed to be 170 years old.
Management of the Reserve includes an annual topping-up of water, regular coppicing to maintain vistas reedbed management, pollarding of the poplars and removal of the self-sown sycamore, norway maple and common ash. In preparation for the eventual demise of the hybrid poplars, some black poplars, which are significant indigenous trees, have been planted.
Management is undertaken by LBRuT contractors and the Advisory Committee. For more information please contact the Parks Department on 0845 6122 660 or email parks@richmond.gov.uk
The text that accompanies this float states:
The Buddha was born in Lumbini around the 5th-6th century B.C.E.
His father was Suddhodana, the king of the Shakya Clan, and his mother was Maya.
It is said that immediately after being born the Buddha stood up, walked seven steps,
and while pointing up with his right hand and pointing down with his left hand proclaimed,
“Throughout the heavens and earth, I alone am honored.”
This legendary scene has been passed down orally from generation to generation.
“There is only one of us; we cannot be replaced with anyone; our lives are precious are they are.”
This is what the Buddha was expressing. There are all sorts of people that exist in this world,
and regrettably,t here is also inequality and discrimination. Today, the world is striving
“to eradicate inequality amongst individuals and countries,"
just one of the many global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Perhapsth is is exactly what the Buddha meant by "all humans are equally precious."
Here, the birth of the Buddha is recreated.
May all things that are capable of life obtain all the happiness in the world
----------------------------------------
Nebuta and Neputa are a type of Tanabata-related summer festival held in towns around Aomori Prefecture. The largest of these festivals is the Nebuta Matsuri (ねぶた祭) of Aomori City, held every year from August 2 to 7. The highlight of the festival is the daily parade of enormous lantern floats, flanked by large taiko drums, musicians and dancers. The Nebuta Matsuri is one of the three great festivals of the Tohoku Region (Tohoku Sandai Matsuri) alongside Akita's Kanto Matsuri and Sendai's Tanabata.
Local teams build the festival's two dozen floats, which are constructed of painted washi paper over a wire frame and take an entire year to design and construct. They can be up to nine meters wide and five meters tall and often depict gods, historical or mythical figures from both Japanese and Chinese culture, kabuki actors, and characters from the popular NHK Taiga Drama historical TV series.
Every night during the festival the floats are wheeled out onto the streets of downtown Aomori for a parade, except on the last day (August 7), when the parade is held in the afternoon. The floats are pushed along the street by human power, weaving back and forth, and spinning around for the crowd. Each float is accompanied by teams of taiko drummers, flute and hand cymbals players, as well as hundreds of dancers, called haneto, who follow the procession chanting "Rassera, Rassera" while performing a dance that looks a little bit like skipping.
There is lots of free seating on the ground along the nearly three kilometer long parade route, as well as reserved seats which are available from Ticket Pia and convenience stores. Participation in the parade is encouraged, and people come from all around to join in the dancing. The only requirement is that you wear the traditional haneto dancing costume, which can be bought at grocery stores and shops around the prefecture for about 10,000 yen or rented from rental shops around town for about 4,000 yen.
Haneto dancers
On the first two nights of the festival the parades are somewhat smaller with only about two thirds of the lantern floats participating. However on the nights from August 4 to 6 the parades are in full swing and every float makes an appearance. All the floats are also displayed in the afternoon parade on the last day of the festival, before some of the floats are put onto boats and paraded around the bay in the evening. Finally, a two hour fireworks display along the waterfront closes off the festivities.
Various events are held during the festival at Rassera Land next to the ASPM building along the city's waterfront. The festival floats are stabled at Rassera Land during the day, and visitors are encouraged to check them out up close, take pictures and meet with some of the designers and builders. There are also singing and dance performances held at ASPM as well as vendors selling food and festival related goods.
Getting there and around
The Nebuta Matsuri parade route is a three kilometer loop around central Aomori and is a five minute walk from JR Aomori Station. Rassera Land, where the floats are stabled, is located next to the ASPM building along the waterfront, a ten minute walk from JR Aomori Station.
Here is how to make the 8265 motorized. You should build the model by the original instructions and check my instructions for the modifications. Email - nagyabonyiattila@gmail.com
London Wonderground, Southbank Centre - fairground by the Thames featuring a bonkers chair swing lift thing.
part of my collection 2010: hand thrown and cut porcelain oil burner with screen printed ceramic decals. Pictured is a pattern of the names of tea leaves printed in Courier. Also available with names of roses, printed in a deep purple or a light pink.
This is my version of Tim Holtz February tag for 12 tags of 2013. used Worn Lipstick, Picked Raspberry and Barn Door Distress Stain for the background. When dry, I stamped it with the Art text stamp from Classics #4. using Barn Door ink. After just having done some Valentine's projects, I felt like something different and since I am waiting for the new Blueprint stamps to arrive in my post box, I used the dragonfly stamp on the Classics #1 set instead, which is also a sketchy type of stamp, similar to the blueprints. It was stamped on the tag with Archival Jet Black, and then I happened to find a piece of acetate on which I had stamped the dragonfly for another project, with Stazon white ink. I decided to layer it on top of the black stamping, placing it a little bit to the side to create a shadow.
The dragonfly was stamped on watercolour paper and watercoloured coloured with Peacock Feathers and Iced Spruce. I used the same inks to colour the circle label. I coloured a second circle label with Shabby Shutters and adhered it together with a ChitChat sticker under the acetate.
I made my own epoxy type tag, by die cutting a circle tag from grungeboard, painting it silver and gluing the circle label from the stamp on top. I rubbed the ink with Judikins MicroGlaze since I didn't want the two shades of teal to blend when Glossy Accents was applied on top. A chitchat sticker was placed in the center and then I coated it with Glossy Accents. TFL!
Close-ups on my blog: layersofink.blogspot.com/2013/02/12-tags-of-2013-february... [layersofink.blogspot.com]
Supplies:
Stamps: Stamper's Anonymous Tim Holtz Classics #1, #4, Going Somewhere
Die: Sizzix: Tiny Tabs & Tags
Embossing folder: Sizzix: Springtime Background & Borders set
Ink: Distress Ink: Peacock Feathers, Iced Spruce, Gathered Twigs, Black Soot, Shabby Shutters, Barn Door; Archival Ink Jet Black; Stazon Cotton White
Stain: Distress Stain: Worn Lipstick, Picked Raspberry, Barn Door
Paint: Adirondack Silver dabber
Surfaces: Core'dinations Kraft-Core; Tim Holtz Idea-ology grungeboard; manila tag; acetate; watercolour paper
Embellishments: Tim Holtz Idea-ology Symphony tissue tape, ChitChat sitckers, Paper string stripes; pearls
Feb 26, 1909: Postcard to Mrs D. Morrison, Box 146, Tweed, Ontario from her niece Emma.
Text:
Dear auntie
Just a line to let you know I got my waist all right an[d] it fits . Just lovely. I have been looking for a letter from you all week. am very thank-ful for your kindness I am quite well an[d] hope you are the same.. remember me to Mary an[d] uncle.
Post card printed in Great Britain
Part of the Morrison family postcard collection.
It's easy to remove text messages on your iPhone, but getting them back is a challenge. When you accidentally deleted text messages on your iPhone, what can you do to recover them? How to retrieve deleted text messages on iPhone? This post tells you some methods to help you recover your deleted messages with PhoneRescue, .iPhone data recovery tool
My then-wife had not mastered texting yet. Hours in the ER (her mom has a loathsome infection) left her with little do do besides figure it out. And she failed.
Here she is, trying to figure out why it's so hard (note that she's putting the text into the To: field). "It wants to do numbers and I can't figure out how to make a space!"
Did you know you can sign up for text message alerts on your library account? You can sign up by texting the message SIGNUP to skokie@shoutbomb.com.
For more information, please visit www.skokielibrary.info/s_about/mobile_services.asp#alerts.
The sweet drink, the plump thighs, the broad bottom, the texting, the slump, the head turned as if nodding off, the... How about all those dots?
Canon EOS 1 35mm
My son Daniel came with me on a walk up and around the Dare Valley Country Park, together with mobile phone, and flip flops. Yes he did have blisters afterwards lol
Images from season one of "House of Cards" (Netflix, 2012) that accompany my article on post-TVfor LINK. TV Culture magazine => "I stream for ice stream" (in Italian): tinyurl.com/pclb838
Faversham’s Magna Carta
Copies of this confirmation of Magna Carta granted in 1300, which includes the whole text of Magna Carta, were sent to many towns throughout the country. At the foot of this copy it is stated in Latin that it is for the barons of the Port of Faversham. Originally granted by King John 1215, Faversham’s version is a confirmation of the re-issue of 1225.
1300 Magna Carta.
Parchment, c. 59 × 44 (+32) cms. Decorated initial ‘E’. Great seal of Edward I on a replaced parchment tag.
Tann, Royal Charters of Faversham, pp. 102-111.
Translation
Edward by the grace of God king of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine sends greeting to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all bailiffs and faithful people. We have inspected the charter of the lord Henry, our father, king of England (Henry III 1216-1272) about the liberties of England in these words:
Henry by the grace of God king of England, Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Count of Anjou sends greeting to his archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all faithful people who will inspect the present charter. You may know that we by the instigation of God and for the salvation of our souls and the souls of our ancestors and descendants by our spontaneous and good will have, for the elevation of the Holy church and the bettering of our kingdom, given and granted to the archbishops, bishops, priors, earls, barons and ministers of our kingdom these liberties as are written below to be observed in our kingdom of England in perpetuity. Firstly we have conceded to God and we, by this our present charter, confirm for ourselves and for our heirs in perpetuity that the English church may be free and may hold all rights freely, fully and its liberties unquestioned; we have also granted and have given to all free men of our kingdom on behalf of ourself and of our heirs in perpetuity that they may have and hold the liberties as written below, by them and their heirs of us and our heirs in perpetuity. If any person of our earls or barons or of any other tenants who hold of us in chief through knight service may die and after his death and his heir shall be of full age and he owes relief, he may receive his inheritance through the old relief, that is to say an heir or the heirs of an earl by a hundred pounds for the entire Earldom, an heir or the heirs of a baron by a hundred marks for the full Barony, the heir or heirs by a hundred shillings for a full knights fee at the most and who has held less may give in accordance with the ancient custom of the fees. If however the heir of anyone of any such status should have been under age, the lord may not have custody of him nor of his land before he has taken his homage and afterwards such an heir who shall have been in custody, shall, when he has come of age, that is at twenty one years, receive his inheritance without relief and without a fine. Moreover that if he should have become a knight while he has been in custody, even so the land may remain in the keeping of his lords to the end of the aforesaid term. The guardian of the land of an heir of this nature, who has been under age, may not take anything from the heir’s land unless reasonable profits of that land. He ought to make report to us and if he, during his time of guardianship shall cause damage or commit waste then we will take it from him to be emended and the land may be committed to two trusted and honest men. And if we have given or sold the guardianship of the land to anyone of such nature and he then has caused damage or waste he shall loose that guardianship and it be handed over to two trusted and honest men of that fee who similarly may answer to us just as is aforesaid. However the guardian of the land has to accept a certain responsibility for the land in this manner: he will maintain the buildings, parks, fish ponds, stanks, mills and all things pertaining to that land out of the profits of the same land and when the heir shall come of full age he shall return his land completely stocked with ploughs and all other things in full just as he received it. All these things are to be observed concerning the custody of the lands of archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, churches and vacant dignitaries which pertain to us, except when the guardianship in this manner ought to come to us. The heirs shall marry without disparagement, a widow at once after her husband’s death and she may have her marriage allowance and her inheritance without obstacle and may not give anything for her dowry nor for her marriage portion for the inheritance; that is any inheritance which she, the same widow and her husband held on the day of her husband’s death and she may remain in her husband’s capital messuage for forty days after her husband’s death, within which days her dowry may be assigned to her, unless it shall have been already assigned to her or unless that residence should be a castle and if she should depart from such castle, a suitable house may be provided at once for her in which she may honourably remain until her dowry be assigned to her, as it aforesaid and meanwhile she may have a reasonable maintenance grant from the community. However a third part of all her husband’s land may be assigned to her for her dowry which was hers during his life, unless she had been provided with less dowry at the church entrance. No widow may be pressurised to get married while she has wished to live without a husband. Then so that she may give assurance that she will not marry without our assent if she has held from us or without her lord’s assent if she has held from another. Indeed neither we, nor our bailiffs will seize any land or rent for any debt when certain present chattels of the debtor are sufficient to pay the debt and the debtor himself made be prepared to make satisfaction, nor shall the sureties of the same debtor be distrained when the chief debtor himself has sufficient for the payment of his own debt and if the chief debtor should default in payment of the debt, not having the funds to make repayment or being reluctant to make payment when he is able, the sureties for the debt may be responsible and if they should wish they may have the debtor’s lands and rents until he makes satisfaction to them about the debt which they have paid for him previously, unless the chief debtor has shown that he is quit towards his sureties. The city of London may have all is ancient liberties and customs; in addition we wish and concede that all other cities and boroughs and towns and the barons of the Cinque Ports and all ports may have all the liberties as their free customs. No one may be distrained to make more service for a knight’s fee nor for any other free tenement than that which is owing. The common pleas may not follow our court but shall be held in another particular place. Recognizances of Nova Disseisina and of Morte Antecessorum shall not be taken unless in their own counties. We, or if we should be out of the kingdom our chief justiciary, shall send our justiciaries into every county whatsoever once in a year, where, with the knights of the shires they may take the aforesaid assizes and those things which at his coming in the county cannot be terminated through our aforesaid justiciaries at the two assizes which were taken, shall be terminated by the same men elsewhere in their itinerary and those matters which by the same men could not be terminated on account of difficulty of other articles may be referred to the justiciaries of the Bench. The assizes of Ultima Presentacione are always taken before the justiciaries of the Bench and to be terminated there. A free man may not be amerced for a minor offence except according to the manner of the same man’s offence and for a more serious offence according to the extent of his delinquency, saving to the consideration of his status and a merchant in the same way according to his merchandise and a villein of another, rather than of ours, shall be amerced in the same way according to his weregeld should he happen to be placed into our mercy and none of the aforesaid amercements shall be imposed unless through the oath of trusted and law-abiding men of the neighbourhood and knights and barons shall not be amerced except through their peers and not unless according to the manner of the offence. No ecclesiastical person shall be amerced according to the quantity of his benefice but according to the quantity of his lay fee and according to the nature of his offence nor shall any villein or free man be distrained to build bridges at the waterways unless they had been obliged to do so from ancient times and by right. No defences shall be made for any river banks apart from those which had been made as defences in the time of king Henry our grandfather throughout the same places and under the same terms, just as they were accustomed to do in his time. No sheriff, constable, coroner or any other of our bailiffs may hold pleas of our crown. If any person holding a lay free of us shall have died and our sheriff or bailiff shall show our letters patent concerning our summons about the debt which shows what he owes to us, it may then be lawful for the sheriff or our bailiff to impound and evaluate all the deceased person’s goods and chattels found in that lay fee to the extent of that debt assessed by the valuation of trusted men. Thence nothing may be removed from there until the debt to us which was clearly shown shall be paid and the residue may be left to the executors in accordance with the deceased person’s will and if nothing may be owed to us by him and all his chattels shall yield to the deceased, saving to the wife and children of the same in reasonable share. No constable or a bailiff of his may take the corn or other chattels of anyone who is not of the town where the castle is situated unless he immediately pays money for them, or then he can have respite by the wish of the vendor. If however he is of that same town he may pay the price within forty days. No constable may distrain any knight to give him money for castle guard if he shall have been willing to do this in his own person or if for some good reason he is not able to perform this service through another trusted man; in addition, if we have led or sent him into the army, he may be exempt from service in accordance with the time during which through us he was in the army because of the fee for which he has done service in the host. No sheriff or our bailiff or any other person shall take the horses or carts of anyone to make a carriage unless he shall make the payment laid down in ancient statutes, that is to say ten pence per day for one cart with two horses and fourteen pence per day for one cart with three horses. No cart of the demesne of any ecclesiastical person or knight or of any other lord shall be taken by our bailiffs neither shall we, our bailiffs or anyone else take wood belonging to anyone else for our castles or for any other of our works unless by permission of the person to whom the wood belongs. We will not hold the lands of those persons convicted of felony longer than one year and one day and then those lands shall be returned to the lord of the fees. All fish kidells shall forthwith be removed from the Thames and Medway and throughout the whole of England unless upon the sea coast. The writ called Precipe in future shall not be granted to anyone of any free tenement, thence a free man may loose his court. There shall be one measure of wine throughout our whole kingdom and one measure of beer and one measure of corn, that is to say the quarter of London and one width of dyed cloth, of russets and halberjects, that is two ells within the selvedges. Concerning weights, these shall be the same as the measures. In future nothing may be given or taken from him who seeks the writ of the inquisition Concerning life and limbs but it shall be freely conceded and not denied. If anyone may hold of us in fee farm or socage or burgage and shall hold land from another by military service we will not have the custody of either his heir nor lands which he holds of another because of that fee -farm, socage or burgage, unless the fee farm owes that same man military service. We will not have custody of the heir or lands of anyone who holds from any other person lands by military service by reason of petty serjeantry which he holds of us by service of giving daggers or arrows or other similar things to us. Forthwith no bailiff shall place any man to his open law, not to an open oath upon his own simple affirmation without faithful witnesses brought for the purpose. No free man be taken or imprisoned nor dispossessed of his free tenement nor of his liberties or free customs nor outlawed nor exiled nor in any way brought to destruction nor shall we go upon him nor condemn him except through the lawful judgement of his peers or through the law of the land. We will not sell to anyone, nor will we not deny nor delay to anyone either right or justice. All merchants, unless they have received public prohibition, shall have safe and secure conduct to go from and come into England and to remain and to travel throughout England both by land and by water to buy and sell with no unjust exactions, in accordance with the ancient and right customs, except in time of war and if they should be from the country with which we are at war and such merchants are found in our land at the beginning of the war, they shall be apprehended with no loss to their persons or to their goods until it is made known to us or to our chief justiciary how the merchants of our land who may be found in that land which is at war with us are used and if our men were safe there, then those others shall be safe in our land. If anyone has held of another escheat, as of the honour of Wallingford, Boulogne, Nottingham, Lancaster or other escheats which are in our hands and which might be baronies and has died, his heir shall not give any relief nor perform any other service to us other than he may make to a baron, if that might be in a baron’s hands and we will hold it in the same manner by which the baron held it, nor by reason of such a barony or escheat will we have any escheat or custody of any of our men unless he who held the barony or escheat held otherwise of us in chief. In future no free man shall give or sell any more of his land but except that from the residue of his land he may be able to make the service owing to the lord of the fee which pertains to that fee. All the patrons of abbeys which have charters of the kings of England concerning the advowson or the ancient tenure or possessions may hold custody of them while they shall have been vacant just is they ought to have and just as is decreed above. No one shall be arrested or imprisoned by the appeal of a woman for the death of any man other than her husband. Henceforth no county court may be held except from month to month, and where the greater term was accustomed to be it may be greater, neither shall any sheriff or his bailiff make his turn throughout the hundred except on two occasions in a year and not unless in the due and accustomed place, that is to say once after Easter and again after the feast of Michaelmas and the view of frank pledge shall be then made at the same Michaelmas term with no obstacle, thus moreover that everyone may have his liberties which he had or was accustomed to have in the time of king Henry our grandfather or which things he has since acquired. However the view of frank pledge may be so done that our peace may be held and that the tything may be fully kept just as it was accustomed to be and that the sheriff may seek no perquisites and that he may be content with such as the sheriff was accustomed to have when he made his view at the time of king Henry our grandfather, nor in the future may it be lawful for any man to give his land to a religious house and to take that land to hold from the same house nor may it be lawful for a religious house to accept land of any man and to lease that land to him from whom it was received. Forthwith if anyone has so granted land to a religious house and upon this is convicted, his gift shall immediately be curtailed and that land returned to the lord of that fee. Forthwith scutage may be taken [as was customary] in the time of our grandfather king Henry and saving to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, Templars, Hospitallers, earls, barons and all other persons both ecclesiastical and secular all the liberties and free customs which they first had. However all men of our kingdom, both clergy and laity shall observe all the customs and the aforesaid liberties [hole in MS which we have granted] in as much as pertains to us towards them in the way that these pertain towards them. However for this grant and concession of those liberties and other things contained in our charter concerning the liberties of the Forest the archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, earls, barons and all people of our kingdom have given us a fifteenth part of all their moveable goods. We have granted also to the same people on our behalf and that of our heirs that neither we nor our heirs may request anything through which the liberties as contained in this charter may be violated or questioned and if any persons [may presume to commit such action] such may be worthless and set at nought. These are the witnesses: The lord S archbishop of Canterbury, E bishop of London, the bishops, J. Bath. P Winchester. H, Lincoln. R. Salisbury. W. Rochester, W.Worcester, J. Ely. H. Hereford. R. Chichester. W. Exeter, the abbot of Bury St Edmunds. The abbot of [hole], the abbot of Battle, the abbot of St Augustine’s Canterbury, the abbot of Evesham, the abbot of Westminster, the abbot of Peterborough, the abbot of Reading, the abbot of Abingdon, the abbot of Malmesbury, the abbot of Winchcombe, the abbot of Hythe, the abbot of Chertsey, the abbot of Shirbourne. The abbot of [hole] the abbot of Aylesbury. the abbot of Middleton., the abbot of Selby, the abbot of Cirencester, Hubert de Burgh our justiciar, H. earl of Chester and Lincoln, W. earl of Salisbury. W. earl Warenne. Gilbert de Clare earl of Gloucester and Hereford, W. de Ferrars earl of Derby, W de Mandeville earl of Essex, Hugh de Bigod earl of Norfolk, W. earl of Albermarle, H earl of Hereford. J Constable of Chester, R. de Ros, R son of Walter, R de Veteri Ponte, W. de Bruer. R. de Montfichet. P. fitz Herbert, W. de Aubeny son of Gresly, J de Munmue. J. Fitzalan, H de Mortimer, W de Beauchamp, W. de St John, P. de Malo lacu, Brian de Isham, Thomas de Multon, R. de Argentenn, G de Nevill, W. Manduit, J de Ballivi and others. Given at Westminster on the eleventh day of February in the ninth year of our reign, 1224/5. We however, having ratified the aforesaid grants and concessions freely concede and confirm them on behalf of ourself and of our heirs and renew them by the tenor of the present writings, desiring and granting for ourselves and our heirs that the aforesaid charter may be observed in all and each of its articles firmly and also unquestioned in perpetuity, if any articles contained in the same charter shall not previously have been observed. These are the witnesses: the venerable fathers * Robert archbishop of Canterbury, primate of all England, and bishops Anthony of Durham, Robert of London. Robert of Ely, Thomas of Exeter, Walter of Coventry and Lichfield, Simon of Salisbury, J (sic) Thomas of Rochester, John of Norwich and John of Llandaff, John elect of Lincoln, John de Warenne Earl of Surrey, Thomas Earl of Lancaster, Roger le Bygod Earl of Norfolk and Marshall of England, Henry de Lacy Earl of Lincoln, Ralph de Monte Hermern Earl of Gloucester and Hertford, Humphrey de Bohun Earl of Hereford and Essex, Guy de Beauchamp Earl of Warwick, Richard fitz Alan Earl of Arundel, Reginald de Grey, John de Hastings, Henry de Percy, Hugh le Despenser, Hugh de Veer, Robert de Tateshale, Hugh Bardolp, Hugh de Courteneye, John de Seagrave, Henry de Grey, William de Ros de Helmesleye, Alan la Zusche, Robert de Tony, Robert de Monte Alto, William de Breous, Thomas [hole]nall, John de Engaygne, Peter Corbet, William de Leyburn, William de Latymer, Walter de Beauchamp, steward of our lodgings, Walter de Huntercumbe and others. Given by our hand at Westminster on the twenty eighth day of March in the twenty eighth year of our reign. * Robert Winchelsey archbishop of Canterbury 1293-1313 Anthony Bek bishop of Durham 1283-1311 Robert Gravesend bishop of London 1280-1303 Robert de Walpole bishop of Ely1299-1302 Thomas de Bitton bishop of Exeter 1291-1307 Walter de Langeton bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1296-1321 Simon of Ghent bishop of Salisbury 1297-1315 Thomas de Wouldham bishop of Rochester 1291-1317 John Salmon bishop of Norwich 1299-1325 John de Dalderby bishop elect of Lincoln 1300-1320. Elected 15th January 1300, consecrated 12 June 1300.
Written on fold of charter: For the Barons of the port of Faversham. Examined through Master Edmund of London
L1004579
Im nachfolgenden Text versuchen wir die Geschehnisse um den 06.07. aufzuarbeiten. Wir werten die Demonstration aus verschiedenen Gründen als Erfolg, auf welche wir aber später noch einmal genauer eingehen werden. Zunächst einmal ist aber über den Tag zu berichten.
Der Tag
Gegen Mittag zogen zunächst einmal verschiedene Kleingruppen los, um sich die Vorgänge in der Stadt anzusehen. Nach einer guten Stunde gab es eine erste Übersicht. In der Stadt wurden keine größeren Nazigruppen gesichtet und die Polizeipräsenz beschränkte sich auf vermehrte Streifen und wenige „Six'er“ Bereitschaftspolizei. Am Berblinger Brunnen wurde ein Infostand von den Rechtspopulisten „Alternative für Deutschland“ gesichtet.
Nach einem kurzen Treffen wurde Aktionsmaterial verteilt und sich zur Auftaktkundgebung in Bewegung gesetzt.
Dort trafen dann auch vereinzelt die ersten Antifaschist_Innen ein. Team Blau war zu diesem Zeitpunkt mit einer Hand voll Beamte anwesend, welche sich allerdings bald vermehrten. Ordnungsamt und Staatsschutz waren nach einigen Minuten ebenfalls zugegen.
Kurz nach 15 Uhr wurden Demoschilder und Fahnen verteilt sowie der erste Redebeitrag verlesen, in welchem die umstehenden Personen auf das Thema der Demonstration hingewiesen wurden. Danach wurden Auflagen und der Beschluss des Verwaltungsgerichts Sigmaringen verlesen und erklärt, in was das Gefühl der staatlichen Schikane seinen Ursprung fand.
Zu diesem Zeitpunkt waren geschätzte 70 Personen anwesend.
Die Kundgebungsteilnehmer_Innen sollten sich nun etwas Raum aneignen und die vorübergehenden Menschen mit Hilfe von Flugblättern auf das Thema aufmerksam machen. Dies fand allerdings nicht statt und die anwesenden Personen begaben sich gleich durch die Unterführung hindurch zum Einsteindenkmal, an welchem sich die Demonstration aufstellte. Hier wuchs die Zahl der anwesenden Personen auf ca. 100 an.
Gegen 15:20 Uhr setzte sich der Zug dann in Bewegung. Auf dem Weg durch die Hirschstraße musste sich der Demonstrationszug des Öfteren selbst ausbremsen. Mit verschiedenen Parolen wurde auf das Geschehen aufmerksam gemacht.
Nach ca. 10 – 15 Minuten trafen wir dann auf dem Münsterplatz ein, wo der Lautsprecherwagen geparkt war und bereits Musik abspielte.
Transparente wurden kreisförmig um die Kundgebung verteilt und es gab zwei weitere Redebeiträge. Im Ersten, in dem sich die Organisationsgruppe „Kollektiv.26“ vorstellte, wurde auf verschiedene Zusammenhänge hingewiesen.
Eine kurze Erklärung, warum es notwendig ist, dass die Wurzeln des Problems gesucht werden müssen und diese zum Teil in der Mitte der Gesellschaft sowie in der kapitalistischen Produktionsweise zu finden seien, sollte die Teilnehmer_Innen der Demonstration sowie die umstehenden Personen dazu bringen, den Ist-Zustand zu hinterfragen. Für die außenstehenden Menschen wurde dann nochmal der, zu Beginn bereits vorgestellte, Redebeitrag verlesen, in dem das Anliegen der Demonstration erklärt wurde.
Nach etwas Ärger mit permanent filmenden Polizist_Innen setzte sich der Zug dann wieder in Bewegung.
Im Lauf des restlichen Zugs durch die Altstadt wuchs die Demonstration weiter an. Es gesellten sich spontan Menschen dazu. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass der Demonstrationszug 130 bis 150 Teilnehmer_Innen fasste. Kurz vor dem Wiedereinbiegen in die Hirschstraße gab es dann nochmals Ärger. Laut Auflagenbescheid war es genehmigt, dass der Lautsprecherwagen ab dem Münsterplatz die Demonstration begleitet. Team Blau setzte hier durch, dass er aus der Demonstration herausfahren musste, was von einigen Demonstrationsteilnehmer_Innen nicht akzeptiert wurde.
Die Demonstration zog weiter, um sich am Einsteindenkmal wieder aufzulösen. Es war nun ca. 16:10 Uhr. Ein Sprecher richtete nochmal sein Wort an die Menschen und als der Lautsprecherwagen wieder zur Demonstration hinzustoßen wollte, wurde das wieder von der Polizei unterbunden, was als repressives Verhalten wahrgenommen wurde. Kurzerhand wurde von Seiten des Lautsprecherwagens, welcher sich auf einer der meist befahrensten Straßen Ulm's befand, eine Spontanversammlung angesagt. Diese richtete sich gegen Polizeischikane. Die Teilnehmer_Innen des Anti-Lithographix Zugs setzten sich nun, nach Auflösung jener Veranstaltung, in Bewegung in Richtung des Lautsprecherwagens.
Seitens des Lautsprecherwagens wurde verhandelt und man ließ sich darauf ein, die Spontanversammlung nicht durchzuführen, wenn man zur Endkundgebung könne. Diese war allerdings schon aufgelöst, und wie gesagt, die Menschen schon, nur durch eine Polizeikette getrennt, in der Nähe des Lautsprecherwagens. Dann war es ca. 16:45 und Menschen verließen nun den Ort.
Um ca. 17:10 bewegte sich dann spontan eine ca. 20 -30 Personen große Versammlung ab dem Berblinger Brunnen durch die Innenstadt. Die Demonstrant_Innen nahmen sich nochmal lautstark das Recht auf Straße und brachten dadurch ihren Frust über Polizeischikane und die Kriminalisierung von Antifaschismus zum Ausdruck.
Bewertung – Drunter und drüber, aber doch ganz gut durchgestanden.
Wir werten die Demonstration als Erfolg. Es war möglich, eine für Ulm ganz beachtliche Zahl von Menschen auf die Straße zu bringen. Dies war, abgesehen von Reaktionen auf öffentlichkeitswirksame Aktionen von Nazis, seit Jahren erstmals wieder möglich. Bei der Auftaktkundgebung sah es zwar nach dem „worst- case“- Szenario aus, freuten uns allerdings, ab dem Einsteindenkmal dreistellig zu sein.
Die Organisation dieser Demonstration stellte einen notwendiger Schritt für den (Wieder-)Aufbau antifaschistischer Strukturen in Ulm dar, welche sich in den letzten Jahren selbst demontiert hatten. Es war möglich, Menschen für weitere politische Arbeit zu gewinnen. Ob der Boykott-Aufruf bei allen bzw. den hierfür entscheidenden Menschen angekommen ist, bleibt anzuzweifeln. Trotz viel Mobi- und Infomaterial, Zeitungsartikeln, Erwähnungen in Radio und Ähnlichem denken wir nicht, dass unsere Arbeit bereits getan ist. Die Frage nach weiterem Vorgehen bleibt offen.
Ein paar weitere Reflexionen
Wir wollen an dieser Stelle auch zu Kritik von Außen Stellung nehmen.
Es wurden an uns einige Punkte herangetragen, die wir besser machen können und werden und einige Punkte wollen wir auch von uns selbst aus hinterfragen.
Zeitpunkt
Häufig wurde an der Aktion der Zeitpunkt kritisiert. Es gab verschiedene Veranstaltungen und Aktionen, die ebenfalls an diesem Tag stattfanden und dass eine Terminkollision doch durch rechtzeitige Absprache zu vermeiden gewesen wäre.
Dazu muss man aber erklären, warum wir diesen Tag gewählt haben. Der 06.07 stellte, als wir anfingen zu organisieren, die beste Mischung zwischen dem Notenschluss von Schüler_Innen dar und dem Beginn der Prüfungen von Student_Innen. Weil wir annahmen, dass diese Gruppen den Großteil des Mobilisierungspotentials darstellten, erschien uns der Tag als richtig. Ein Verschieben des Termins in den Herbst wäre wohl schlecht für die Gruppendynamik der sich im Aufbauprozess befindlichen Organisationsgruppe, gewesen und wurde deswegen von der Gruppe abgelehnt.
Vorbereitungsgespräch
Wie oben schon erwähnt, wurden wir des Öfteren darauf hingewiesen, dass wir doch vorher schon Bescheid hätten sagen sollen, um eine bessere Mobilisierung zu erreichen. Dieser Kritik müssen wir uns stellen. Vielleicht wäre es möglich gewesen, dadurch mehr Menschen zu mobilisieren. Allerdings zeigt die Praxis, dass man dann mit der Organisation doch alleine dasteht. Viele Gruppen und Einzelpersonen, welche zusagten, sich einzubringen, zu mobilisieren, Redebeiträge, Flugblätter und Weiteres anzufertigen, haben das nicht hinbekommen. Wir denken nicht, dass es durch ein Vorbereitungsgespräch, anders verlaufen wäre.
Das brachte uns auch in Zugzwang, da aus der Not kurzfristig Aufgaben übernommen werden mussten und vieles an Wenigen hängen geblieben ist. Dennoch wollen wir es bei der nächsten Aktion einfach mal ausprobieren (siehe unten).
Das Motto
Oft wurde kritisiert, dass es doch bürgerlich sei, zum Boykott aufzurufen. Das Motto wurde aber durch reichlich Überlegung gewählt.
Zum Boykott aufzurufen, schien uns besser, als eine inhaltsleere Floskel anzuwenden wie „Naziläden dicht machen“ oder „weg mit Lithographix“. Es durchbricht eine Barriere, welche überwunden werden muss, um gegen Nazis aktiv zu werden - ein erster Schritt, den man selber tut. In unseren Redebeiträge stellten wir klar, dass es andere Aktionsformen gibt und dass jeder selbst hinterfragen sollte, was man tun kann. Dadurch versuchten wir der Augenwischerei, welche häufig bei solchen Aktionsformen wie Boykott entsteht und welche die Leute denken lässt, dass es ausreicht, nur dort nicht einzukaufen wenn das Problem überwunden werden soll, zu vermeiden.
„Bratwurstdemo“
Von Außen wurde unser Konzept in Frage gestellt und geäußert, dass die Demonstration nicht effektiv und direkt genug gegen das Problem vorginge. Menschen, die so etwas äußern, sind sich sehr wahrscheinlich nicht im Klaren darüber, wie die Situation in Ulm ist. Feste Gruppenstrukturen, die mit der damit verbundenen Repression fertig werden können, gibt es kaum. Offen praktizierte Militanz hätte das Aufkeimen neuer Zusammenhänge durch Repression und der Arbeit dagegen zum Erliegen gebracht. So schien es uns dann doch sinnvoller, eine möglichst öffentlichkeitswirksame Aktion zu starten, um Personen für unsere politische Arbeit zu gewinnen, um daraus wiederum Kapazitäten zum Aufbau von Strukturen zu gewinnen. Desweiteren wäre es ein logistisches Problem gewesen die Demonstration vor Ort durchzuführen.
Darüber hinaus sollten die Kritiker selbst in Frage stellen, ob pseudo- autonomer Habitus immer zielführend ist oder ob die Notwendigkeit unser Handeln bestimmen sollte, anstatt im identitären Szenepool zu versauern.
Abgrenzung im Anti- D/- Imp - Konflikt
Bewusst grenzten wir uns von diesem Konflikt ab. Uns war es wichtig, von Anfang an klarzustellen, dass wir uns als Gruppe nicht positionieren wollen. Dem wurde allerdings mit Pöbelei begegnet anstelle von konstruktiver Kritik.
Einzelpersonen aus den entsprechenden Spektren verhindern in Ulm effektiv eine Lösung für dieses Problem. Aber diesen Konflikt zu lösen, sehen wir nicht als unsere Aufgabe, denn er versinkt für uns in Irrelevanz in Anbetracht der tatsächlichen Probleme, die es zu bewältigen gilt.
Ein herzliches Danke an alle die sich an diesem Tag Zeit genommen haben und auch aus anderen Städten angereist sind
Für den 29.07 laden wir, wie oben erwähnt, zum Vorbereitungstreffen gegen die Kandidatur von Achim Kast ein. Achim Kast, welcher für die NPD- Neu – Ulm/Günzburg kandidiert, war eine Schlüsselperson der Kameradschaft Neu-Ulm, welche durch einen Überfall auf alternative Jugendliche Schlagzeilen machte.
Kommt deshalb am 29.07 um 20 Uhr zur Aktionskonferenz nach Ulm in die Bar „Stadt Heidenheim“ am Ulmer Ostbahnhof.
Mit antifaschistischen Grüßen Kollektiv.26