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Soil profile: A representative soil profile of the Casino soil series. (Soil Survey of Pinnacles National Monument, California; by Ken Oster, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Casino series consists of moderately deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in residuum weathered from andesite. The Casino soils are on hills. Slopes range from 20 to 70 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 17 inches (432 millimeters) and the mean annual air temperature is about 61 degrees F (16 degrees C).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Pachic Argixerolls
Depth to bedrock: 20 to 40 inches (50 to 100 centimeters).
Mean annual soil temperature: 61 to 63 degrees F (16 to 17 degrees C).
Soil moisture control section: dry in all parts from about June 15 to November 15 (90 days), and moist in all parts from about January 15 to April 15 (105 days).
Particle size control section: 38 to 60 percent clay, 0 to 35 percent rock fragments from andesite.
Base Saturation by ammonium acetate: 93 to 100%
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for watershed, wildlife habitat and recreation. Vegetation is blue oak with an understory of grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: San Benito and Monterey Counties, California in MLRA 15 -- Central California Coast Range. These soils are of small extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/california/CA7...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/C/CASINO.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Ull knocked the tray off the window sill so all the seedlings and soil got all mixed up. There are some chives but I'm not counting on it for my dumplings. The pepper seeds have sprouted. I have a bit more faith in those although now I have no idea which are the chili plants and which are the bell peppers.
A representative soil profile of the Poquonock series. (Photo provided by Mark Stolt University of Rhode Island's Dept. of Natural Resources Science; New England Soil Profiles)
The Poquonock series consists of very deep, well drained, soils formed in sandy eolian or glaciofluvial material over loamy or sandy lodgement till on uplands. They are moderately deep to a densic contact and very deep to bedrock. They are nearly level through moderately steep soils on till plains, moraines and drumlins. Slope ranges from 0 through 25 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ranges from high or very high in the solum and low or moderately low in the substratum. Mean annual temperature is about 51 degrees F. (11 degrees C.) and mean annual precipitation about 46 inches (1168 millimeters).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Udipsamments
Thickness of the solum and depth to the densic contact ranges from 20 through 39 inches (50 through 100 centimeters). Depth to bedrock is commonly more than 6 feet (1.8 meters). Rock fragments range from 0 through 25 percent in the surface layer, 0 through 15 percent in the subsoil, and from 10 through 34 percent in the substratum. Stones and boulders range from 0 through 20 percent in the surface layer and from 0 through 5 percent in the subsoil and substratum. Cobbles range from 0 through 10 percent in the surface layer, 0 through 5 percent in the subsoil, and 0 through 15 percent in the substratum. Gravel ranges from 0 through 10 percent in the solum and from 5 through 30 percent in the substratum. Unless limed, the soil is moderately acid through extremely acid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cleared and used for cultivated crops, tobacco, vegetables, nursery stock, hay or pasture. Some areas are used for community development. A few areas are idle or wooded. Common trees are northern red, white, and black oak, hickory, gray birch, aspen, white ash, and eastern white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Massachusetts and eastern Rhode Island. MLRA 144A. The series is of small extent.
For additional information about New England soils, visit:
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/P/POQUONOCK.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Lalu (ละลุ) &Prasat Sadok Kok Thom (ปราสาทสด๊กก๊อกธม) is a large important ancient monument of Sa Kaew Province. The remains comprise 3 towers, facing towards the East, a moat surrounding its 4 sides, as well as, 2 boundary walls: the outer one made of laterite, while the inner one, sandstone. There was a discovery of 2 stone inscriptions in ancient Khmer script.
Lalu (ละลุ) meaning “penetrated” in Khmer language. Lalu is a natural phenomenon in the Ta Phraya National Park caused by the erosion of rainwater and the subsidence or collapse of soil. The condition of some part of the soil at this place is hard and durable. However, the wind has eroded it into many shapes similar to a city wall or cliffs, while some are pillars similar to those in “Phae Mueang Phi” of Phrae Province, but smaller in size.
: Fresno State soils in environment class learn about soil judging from Michael Sowers (Fresno State soil judging team coach and Cascade Earth soil scientist), October 30, 2018, photo by Geoff Thurner, Copyright 2018.
Jack Branch and Austin Dunn - Tift County 4-H Club, UGA Extension
Ag Awareness Day at University of Georgia Tifton Campus - for 4th graders - held October 25, 2007
Title of Painting: Soiled
Medium: Acrylic on Canvas, 40 x 50 cm
Through my painitng, I was trying to show the perceptions which Thai's have for the hill tribe people. The hands which the lai tai are the muddy prints of the village people, whom the Thai think are destroying their pristine image of Thailand. This demonstrates how the pure Thai think they are able to shuttle the hill tribes without any retribution or destroying their own tiny cultures.
Painting and Image by Megan K.
Rotterdam Zoo: 27 november op Blacksoil
Rotterdam is een mini-jungle waarin je zakkenrollers, junks, verkeer, rotzooi en politie moet verdragen. Wat voor de een jungle is, is voor de ander een vrijstaat: voor geweld en criminaliteit, maar ook voor creativiteit en kunst. Hoe verhouden criminaliteit en creativiteit zich in de grote stad?
Moet er een ander deurbeleid gevoerd worden bij de nachtclubs om hangjongeren te vermijden?
Jongeren, kunstenaars Raymzter en Ted Langenbach, politici Coskun Çörüz (CDA)en Kathalijne Buitenweg (GroenLinks) gingen in debat over discriminatie, emancipatie van vrouwen en homo’s in de multiculturele stad en over de schoonheid en de gevaren van jungle Rotterdam.
Wire bookshelf, clear plastic 1 mil mattress cover with holes taped, Reflectex. Soil is moistened 24 hours before, then put into 1 mil black trash bags and sealed tight. Mattress cover is held tight over bookshelf with clothes pins. The Reflectex is about one foot behind the shelf, and underneath. The shelf is rotated to face noon solar azimuth.
Profile of Leoncita fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. Leoncita is a loamy soil that has no physical or chemical restrictions within 40 inches of the surface and is well suited to rangeland and pastureland. It is found on ancient terraces near the Frio and Nueces Rivers. (Soil Survey of McMullen County, Texas; by Clark K. Harshbarger, Jon Wiedenfeld, and Gary Harris, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Leoncita series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in calcareous loamy alluvium of Pleistocene age. These nearly level to moderately sloping soils are on risers and treads of remnant paleoterraces. Slopes range from about 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 635 mm (25 in) and mean annual air temperature is about 22 degrees C (72 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, hyperthermic Aridic Calciustolls
Soil Moisture: An aridic ustic moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is moist in some or all parts for less than 90 consecutive days in normal years. June to August and December to February are the driest months, while September to November and March to May are the wettest months.
Mean annual soil temperature: 21 to 23 degrees C (70 to 73 degrees F)
Particle-size control section (weighted average): 18 to 25 percent (carbonate clay-free basis)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 28 to 203 cm (11 to 80 in)
Depth to calcic horizon: 28 to 160 cm (11 to 63 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mostly for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. Some areas are crop production, mostly for grain sorghum. Present vegetation includes pink pappusgrass, lovegrass tridens, fall witchgrass, hooded windmillgrass, and plains bristlegrass. Woody vegetation includes mesquite, catclaw, spiny hackberry, and blackbrush, and guallijo.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western and Central Rio Grande Plain, Texas; LRR I; MLRA 83B and 83C; The series is of moderate extent. The series was formerly included in the Hidalgo series. The Hidalgo series parent material is associated with deltas and coastal terraces. The series was separated based on the source and age of the alluvium. Leoncita soils formed from inland calcareous loamy alluvium of Pleistocene age associated with remnant paleoterraces.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/texas/mcmullen...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/L/LEONCITA.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Rainbow series. (Photo provided by Mark Stolt University of Rhode Island's Dept. of Natural Resources; New England Soil Profiles)
The Rainbow series consists of moderately well drained loamy soils formed in silty mantled lodgement till. The soils are very deep to bedrock and moderately deep to a densic contact. They are nearly level to strongly sloping soils on till plains, hills and drumlins. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the surface layer and subsoil, and low to moderately high in the dense substratum. Mean annual temperature is about 49 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation is about 48 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Dystrudepts
USE AND VEGETATION: Cleared areas are used mostly for cultivated crops, hay, or pasture. Some areas are used for vegetables, nursery stock, and other specialty crops. Scattered areas are used for community development. Stony areas are mostly wooded. Common trees are ash, hemlock, white pine, hickory, red and white oak, red maple, and sugar maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Glaciated uplands in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island; MLRAs 144A and 145. The series is of moderate extent.
For additional information about New England soils, visit:
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/R/RAINBOW.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Soil profile: (Soil Survey of Joshua Tree National Park, California; by Carrie-Ann Houdeshell, Peter Fahnestock, Stephen Roecker, and Emily Meirik, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and Marchel Munnecke and Alice Miller, Pyramid Botanical Consultants)
The Pinecity series consists of very shallow and shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in colluvium and/or alluvium over residuum derived from granite, granitoid, or gneissic rocks. Pinecity soils are on hills, mountains or fan aprons over pediments. Slopes range from 2 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 125 millimeters (5 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 15.5 degrees C (60 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, thermic, shallow Typic Torripsamments
Soil moisture control section - Usually dry, moist in some parts for short periods during winter and early spring and for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and September following summer convection storms. The soils have a typic-aridic moisture regime.
Soil temperature: 15 to 19 degrees C.
Surface rock fragments: ranges from 25 to 80 percent, dominated by medium and coarse gravel.
Control section-
Clay content: 1 to 9 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 34 percent, typically dominated by gravel.
Organic matter: 0 to 0.50 percent.
Effervescence: noneffervescent throughout.
Depth to paralithic contact: 5 to 36 centimeters (2 to 14 inches).
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for recreation, rangeland and wildlife habitat. Vegetation is mainly blackbrush, California juniper and California jointfir.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Mojave Desert of Southeastern California. MLRA 30. These soils are of moderate extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/california/Jos...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/P/PINECITY.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Kolomoki soil series. (Soil Survey of Clay and Quitman Counties, Georgia; by Ken W. Monroe, Natural Resources Conservation Service
The Kolomoki series consists of deep, well drained soils on stream terraces of the Southern Coastal Plain near larger streams. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderate to rapid in the underlying material. Slopes are 0 to 5 percent. Near the type location, the mean annual temperature is about 67 degrees F. and the mean annual precipitation is about 53 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Hapludults
The solum thickness is 30 to 55 inches. It is very strongly acid to medium acid throughout except for the surface layer in limed areas. Fine flakes of mica are few to common throughout. The control section has an average clay content of 35 to 50 percent and an average silt content of 15 to 35 percent.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the soil is used for crops such as corn, soybeans, peanuts, small grain, and truck crops. The remainder is in pine or mixed pine and hardwood. Common species include loblolly pine, slash pine, longleaf pine, sweetgum, red oak, American holly, and dogwood.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Georgia, and possibly Alabama, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The series is not extensive.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/georgia/GA658/...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/K/KOLOMOKI.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Soil profile: A representative soil profile of the Olmedo very gravelly loam, 1 to 8 percent slopes. A petrocalcic horizon starts at about 45 centimeters from the surface. (Soil Survey of Goliad County, Texas; byJonathan K. Wiedenfeld, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Olmedo series consists of soils that are very shallow and shallow over a petrocalcic horizon. These well drained, moderately permeable soils formed in calcareous, loamy residuum of the Goliad Formation of Miocene-Pliocene age. These nearly level to undulating soils are on summits on interfluves or ridges. Slope ranges from 1 to 8 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 22 degrees C (72 degrees F) and mean annual precipitation is about 711 mm (28 in).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, hyperthermic, shallow Petrocalcic Calciustolls
Soil moisture: An ustic moisture regime bordering on aridic. The soil moisture control section remains moist in some or all parts for less than 90 consecutive days in normal years. The soil is driest during the months June through August and December through February. These soils are intermittently moist in September through November and March through May.
Mean annual soil temperature: 21 to 23 degrees C (70 to 73 degrees F)
Depth to petrocalcic horizon: 30 to 46 cm (12 to 18 in)
Particle size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 12 to 24 percent
Rock Fragments: 35 to 85 percent
USE AND VEGETATION: The major uses are livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. Native vegetation consists of Arizona cottontop, pinhole bluestem, plains bristlegrass, sideoats grama, cenizo, guajillo, elbowbush, mescalbean, vine ephedra, and Texas Kidneywood. The ecological site is Shallow Ridge, PE 19-31 (RO83CY485TX)
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Rio Grande Plain (MLRA 83A in LRR I) and Central Rio Grande Plain (MLRA 83C in LRR I) of southern Texas. The series is of moderate extent.
For a detailed soil description, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/texas/goliadTX...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/O/OLMEDO.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Pacolet series. Pacolet soils are well drained and have a clayey subsoil. They are extensive in the southern part of Iredell County, especially on strongly sloping to moderately steep side slopes. (Soil Survey of Iredell County, North Carolina; by Robert H. Ranson, Jr., and Roger J. Leab, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Pacolet series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in residuum weathered mostly from felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont uplands. Slopes commonly are 15 to 25 percent but range from 2 to 60 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults
The Bt horizon is at least 10 to 24 inches thick and extends to a depth of 18 to 30 inches. Depth to a lithic contact is more than 60 inches. The soil is very strongly acid to slightly acid in the A horizon, and very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout the rest of the profile. Content of rock fragments, dominantly gravel, ranges from 0 to 35 percent in the A and E horizons, and 0 to 15 percent in the Bt horizon. Most pedons have few to common flakes of mica in the solum, and few to many in the C horizon.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in forests of pine and mixed hardwoods. Cleared areas are used for small grain, hay, and pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. The series is of large extent. Pacolet soils were formerly mapped as a thin solum phase of the Cecil series.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/north_carolina...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/P/PACOLET.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Flatbread Society is a public artwork in Oslo, Norway taking the form of a Bakehouse, a cultivated grain field & public programming. Initiated by the Futurefarmers, the project invovles a growing constellation of farmers, oven builders, astronomers, artists, soil scientists and bakers aligned through a common interest in the long and complex relation we have to grain.
I spent most of June helping out with the project while living and sailing on the Oslo fjord. The main event at the time was the Soil Procession — a procession of farmers carrying soil from their farms through the city of Oslo to its new home at Losæter. Soil Procession was a ground building ceremony that used the soil collected from over 50 Norwegian farms from as far north as Tromsø and as far south as Stokke, to build the foundation of the Flatbread Society Grain Field and Bakehouse.
You cannot put a shovel in my ground without hitting one of these... I've got plans for them though.
Photographs by Eryne Donahue.
To learn more about Wetlandkeepers courses, or other courses offered through the BCWF Wetlands Education Program, visit the BCWF Bog Blog.