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A representative soil profile of the Lugert soil series. (Soil Survey of Harper County, Oklahoma; by Troy Collier and Steve Alspach, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Lugert series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils that formed in alluvium of Recent age. These soils are on nearly level flood plains in the Central Rolling Red Plains (MLRA 78C). Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 25 inches. Mean annual temperature is 62 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Fluventic Haplustolls
Solum thickness is 20 to more than 40 inches. Depth to secondary carbonates ranges from 15 to 36 inches.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly cultivated to small grains, alfalfa, grain sorghum, cotton, and tame pasture. Native vegetation is tall grasses with some scattered hardwood bottomland trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Rolling Red Plains of Oklahoma and possibly Kansas and Texas. The series is of moderate extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/oklahoma/OK059...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/L/LUGERT.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
herbaceous perennial that blooms July to August over clumping mounds of fern-like bronze-green foliage. A slowly spreading, rhizomatous plant that prefers moist, humusy, organically rich soils. Soils must not be allowed to dry out.
We have had a wonderful summer, and it's not completely over yet. But the lack of rain in the past weeks has left the soil dry. Very dry.
In this photo, I went up in a microlight to get some aerial photographs. In the picture you can spot the three different stages of construction. Shutter speed set at 1/125s, And F-Stop set at f/5.6
We came up all the way from the upper-left corner, chilled a bit, crawled just a couple dozen meters higher and headed back for the hardcore descent.
Daisekkei glacier @ Hakuba, Nagano, Japan.
More from the hike: picasaweb.google.com/deletio/LongWeekendInHakubaJuly2011.
A representative soil profile of the Lax soil series. (Soil Survey of Perry County, Tennessee; by Douglas F. Clendenon, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Lax series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils on uplands. The soil formed in a silty mantle over gravelly alluvium and residuum of limestone. The soil has a dense fragipan in the lower subsoil. Slopes range from 2 to 20 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiudults
Solumn thickness is 40 to 60 inches or more. Depth to bedrock is greater than 5 feet. Depth to fragipan ranges from 18 to 36 inches. Reaction of the soil is strongly acid or very strongly acid except where lime has been added. Coarse fragments range from 0 to 15 percent in the A, Bt, and Btx horizons, and from 15 to 80 percent in the 2Btx and the 3Bt horizons.
USE AND VEGETATION: About one-half of the acreage is cleared and used for growing corn, tobacco, small grains, soybeans, hay, and pasture. The remainder is in mixed hardwood forest consisting chiefly of oaks, hickories, and beech.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western part of Kentucky, the Highland Rim in Tennessee, northeastern Mississippi, and southeastern Missouri. The series is of moderate extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/tennessee/TN13...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/L/LAX.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A familiar stumbling find since 1965 with the scent of winkles and salt soaked chalk. Meeting her we have soiled our trousers shoes skirts and sandals as she returns to her elemental formlessness. He has dreams of her previous pride as a useful usable vessel and is quickly lured into the black slick of ooze underneath the dried caked facepack of a summer day. She bemoans the cleaning and decay. Loving the scent of all this I watch dabble prod and think of the years to come when all is truly sunk rotten and the living are all forgot.
Tools of Soil Survey. The efficient operation of a soil survey requires the use of certain kinds of equipment. The three major equipment needs are: (1) tools to examine the soil profile; (2) soil testing, measuring, and recording devices for mapping; and (3) transportation vehicles. While some of the equipment used in soil survey reflects new technology, such as tools for proximal sensing of soil properties, many of the basic tools for observing soils in the field have changed little in recent years. The 1993 Soil Survey Manual contains a detailed discussion and description of many of these items.
For additional information about the Soil Survey area, visit:
archive.org/details/usda-soil-surveys
For additional information about identifying soils within a geographic area, visit:
Jurassic soil nodules from 150 million years ago, such as these from Portugal, shed light on ancient ecosystems and the relationship between climate, vegetation and animal diversity. (Image: Timothy S. Myers)
Watch the video at: bit.ly/UROD8e.
Read the full story at: bit.ly/URXA4l.
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I used the Soil Scoop for transferring the potting mix into the modern container. The packing peanuts and styrofoam help fill the bottom of large containers.
A soil scientist compares a hand sample from a horizon within a soil profile to a standard color chip in the Munsell Soil-Color Charts®.
(Photo courtesy of John Kelley)
Illustrated Guide to Soil Taxonomy (p. 1-9)
Determining soil color is an important criterion in many of the keys, as well as in the definitions of the diagnostic horizons and features, is soil color. The operational definition for soil color uses the Munsell Soil-Color Charts®. Hue, value, and chroma are identified for a soil sample. Colors are recorded to the closest matching color chip in the charts. The quality of light has an effect on the visual perception of color, so it is best to evaluate color outdoors in natural sunlight, neither too early nor too late in the day, and without wearing sunglasses. Soil moisture state can also influence the hue, value, or chroma observed for the soil (value is particularly susceptible to change in soil moisture state). Because of this, the keys often specify the moisture state (i.e., moist or dry) for the evaluation of color. However, in cases where moisture state is not specified, the criterion is met if the required color is observed either moist or dry.
For more information about describing and sampling soils, visit the "Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils" or "Chapter 3" of the Soil Survey Manual. From these sites the reference may be viewed or printed, and a pdf file may be created and saved.
For a video on "How to Use the Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils", Click HERE.
The Miliha series is a very deep soil formed in gravelly alluvial deposits. (UAE (NE005).
Taxonomic classification: Salidic Torriorthents, sandy-skeletal, mixed, hyperthermic
Diagnostic subsurface horizon described in this profile is: None.
Typic Torriorthents are fixed on the driest Torriorthents. Typic Torriorthents are extensive soils in the intermountain States of the United States. Most of them have moderate or strong slopes and are used only for grazing. Others that have gentle slopes are irrigated. The gently sloping soils are mostly on fans or piedmont slopes where the sediments are recent and have little organic carbon.
Rock fragments in the particle-size control section are predominantly gravel, with less than 15% cobbles and stones. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) is 15 or higher in one or more layers above 100 cm. Some part of the particle-size control section has 30% or more particles of very fine sand and finer. The pH (1:1) ranges from 6.8 to 7.5 in the A horizon and from 6.4 to 7.5 in the C horizon. EC (1:1) ranges from 0.2 to 2.0 in the A horizon and from 0.5 to as much as 20.0 in the C horizon. A desert pavement of fine to coarse gravel in many areas covers 10 to 90% of the soil. Some areas include cobbles and a few stones on the surface. The size of the rock fragments on and in the soil is predominantly gravel, but includes up to 15% cobbles and stones, especially in areas
close to the mountains. The size of rock fragments generally decreases as distance from the mountains increases.
The A horizon ranges in thickness from 15 to 30 cm. Hue is 7.5YR or 10YR, value is 5 to 7, and chroma is 3 or 4. Texture is gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly loamy sand, sand, or sandy loam. Gravel content ranges from 15 to about 70%. Some pedons include a few cobbles and stones.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is very gravelly or extremely gravelly coarse sand, sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or sandy loam. Gravel content ranges mostly from 35 to 70%. Some pedons include a few cobbles and stones.
The Toisnot series consists of poorly drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in fluvial or marine sediments in the upper Coastal Plain. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Fragiaquults
Depth to the upper boundary of the fragipan commonly ranges from 20 to 40 inches but in some areas it ranges from 10 to 45 inches. In wet seasons, the fragipan is dry to moist, whereas, the adjacent horizons are saturated. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid throughout the profile, unless the surface has been limed.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in mixed forests of hardwoods and pine. Native trees include oak, maple, sweetgum, yellow-poplar, and loblolly pine, with understory plants as sweet bay, myrtle, gallberry, and smilax. Small acreages have been cleared and used for pasture, corn, and soybeans.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Upper Coastal Plain areas of North Carolina and possibly South Carolina and Virginia. The series is inextensive.
For a detailed description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/T/TOISNOT.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Soil profile: A representative soil profile of the Quincy series in Idaho.
The Quincy series consists of very deep, excessively drained soils formed in sands on dunes and terraces. Slopes are 0 to 65 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 10 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 52 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Xeric Torripsamments
The mean annual soil temperature is 50 to 57 degrees F, and the mean summer temperature is 66 to 78 degrees F. These soils are moist in the winter and spring but are dry more than one half of the time the soil temperature exceeds 40 degrees F., about 105 to 130 consecutive days. These soils are dry in all parts between depths of 7 and 20 inches. Hue is 10YR or 2.5Y. Value is 4 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist and chroma is 1 to 4 moist or dry. Organic matter in the surface horizon when mixed is less than 1 percent. The 10 to 40 inch particle-size control section ranges from sand to loamy fine sand. Less than 75 percent of the sand is very coarse, coarse, and medium if the clay content is less than 5 percent. If the clay content exceeds 5 percent, more than 75 percent of the sand fraction can be in the very coarse, coarse and medium size classes. The upper 15 inches of these soils is free of lime, except for small particles brought up by insects and animals. The matrix below 15 inches is noncalcareous in some pedons. Reaction in the upper 20 inches is slightly acid to moderately alkaline, and below 20 inches it is neutral to moderately alkaline. Some pedons have unconforming materials, including coarse sand, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, very gravelly sand, very gravelly loamy fine sand, at depths below 40 inches.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing and irrigated cropland. Irrigated areas are in potatoes, hay, pasture, small grains, grapes, and tree fruits. The natural vegetation is needleandthread, thickspike wheatgrass, Indian ricegrass, rabbitbrush, horsebrush, fourwing saltbush, Antelope bitterbrush, and big sagebrush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Washington MLRA 7, Oregon MLRA 7 and 11, Idaho MLRA 11, and California. The soil is extensive.
For additional information about Idaho soils, please visit:
storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/97d01af9d4554b9097cb0a477e04...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/Q/QUINCY.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit: