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Some clays do appear in various regions of the Valley; it is not the matrix however. Photo by Corrie Miller
Photographs are a significant component of soil survey data collection and documentation. They can illustrate important things about an individual soil or a soil catena in soil survey reports, scientific journals, textbooks, and periodicals. They can be included in any electronic presentation of soil survey data to end users. Good photographs provide records and reference sources of basic soil information. Taking photographs needs to be planned early in the soil survey or related project.
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Soil photography plays a crucial role in soil science for several reasons:
Visual Documentation: High-quality photographs capture the visual characteristics of soils, such as color, texture, and structure. These images provide a permanent record that can be used for future reference and comparison.
Soil Classification: Soil scientists use photographs to classify and identify different soil types. Visual data, combined with physical and chemical analysis, help in understanding soil properties and their distribution.
Educational Tool: Photographs serve as an effective teaching aid, helping students and researchers visualize and understand soil profiles and features. They make complex soil concepts more accessible and comprehensible.
Monitoring Changes: Regular photographic documentation allows scientists to track changes in soil conditions over time. This is especially important for monitoring soil erosion, compaction, and other environmental impacts.
Communication: Soil photographs enhance reports, presentations, and publications, making the information more engaging and easier to understand for a wider audience, including policymakers, farmers, and the general public.
The Vallers series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in calcareous fine-loamy till on till plains, moraines and lake plains. These soils have moderately slow permeability. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Calciaquolls
The mollic epipedon ranges from 7 to 25 inches in thickness. In some pedons the lower part of the mollic epipedon qualifies as part of the calcic horizon. The calcic horizon has a calcium carbonate equivalent of about 20 to 35 percent. The 10 to 40 inch particle-size control section typically has between 22 and 32 percent clay but ranges from 18 to 35 percent and 15 to 35 percent sand coarser than very fine sand. It typically contains 2 to 8 percent rock fragments of mixed lithology, but in some pedons the upper part lacks rock fragments. Typically, the soil is calcareous throughout, but a few pedons under native vegetation lack free carbonates in the upper 7 inches of the soil. The soil is typically slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout, but is neutral in the surface layer where it lacks free carbonates. Firm subsoil, saline, stony, and depressional phases are recognized.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grains and legumes are the principal crops. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Minnesota, northeastern South Dakota, and eastern North Dakota. The series is of large extent.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 9 inches (Ap horizon); calcic horizon - the zone from 9 to 44 inches (Bkg and Bkyg horizons); aquic moisture regime per 5Y hue, chroma of 2 and redoximorphic concentrations below the mollic epipedon.
For a detailed description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/V/VALLERS.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Over the 13 & 14 November 2013, the Soil Association held a Soil Symposium. The two-day event for progressive farmers and growers, offered practical advice on soil management techniques for improved plant nutrition and livestock health.
www.soilassociation.org/farmersgrowers/events/nationalsoi...
A representative soil profile of the Shelocta soil series in Tennessee. (Soil Survey of Scott County Area, Tennessee; by Harry C. Davis and Jennifer R. Yaeger, Natural Resources Conservation Service.
The Shelocta series consists of deep and very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils formed in mixed colluvium from shale, siltstone, and sandstone or colluvium and residuum. They are on steep concave mountain sides, foot slopes, and benches. Slopes range from 2 to 90 percent. The average annual precipitation is about 48 inches, and the average annual temperature is about 54 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults
Solum thickness ranges from 40 to to 60 inches or more. Depth to bedrock is more than 40 inches. Content of rock fragments ranges from 2 to 35 percent in the A horizon, from 5 to 50 percent in the individual B horizons, and from 15 to 70 percent in the 2B or C horizons. Reaction of the unlimed soils is strongly acid to extremely acid. Some pedons have A horizons that are medium acid or slightly acid.
USE AND VEGETATION: About 25 percent of Shelocta soils are cleared and used for general crops and pasture. Wooded areas have mixed hardwoods-- oaks, gum, maple, yellow-poplar, cucumber, and some pine and hemlock.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The plateau and mountain areas of Kentucky, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The series is of large extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/tennessee/TN60...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/S/SHELOCTA.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Over 3,500 Lancaster County fifth graders from 50 schools attended the 23rd annual Earth Wellness Festival on March 21 & 22 in Lincoln, Nebraska. At the festival, students rotated among 25-minute sessions, learning about the interdependency of land, water, air and living resources. For more information about Earth Wellness Festival, go to lancaster.unl.edu/ewf.
Pictured is the session "Living Soils" presented by Nebraska 4-H state office.
Soil profile: A representative soil profile of the Navilleton soil series. (Soil Survey of Floyd County, Indiana; by Steven W. Neyhouse, Byron G. Nagel, and Dena L. Marshall, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Navilleton series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in loess and the underlying paleosol in clayey residuum. They are on hills and sinkholes underlain with limestone. Slopes range from 2 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 109 cm (43 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Typic Paleudalfs
Thickness of the loess: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and to bedrock (lithic contact): 152 to more than 254 cm (60 to more than 100 inches)
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are typically used to grow crops. Principal crops are corn, soybeans, winter wheat, and grasses and legumes for hay and pasture. A few areas are in forest. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South central Indiana. This series is of small extent in MLRA 122.
This soil was included with Crider soils in the 1974 Clark and Floyd Counties, Indiana soil survey, and is identified in the updating of Floyd County. Some data shows the family particle-size class to be contrasting (fine-silty over clayey), but as of 03/2006 this soil is considered dominantly to be in the fine-silty class.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/indiana/IN043/...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/N/NAVILLETON.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
The tree is doing its best to undo the damage caused by the awful rockpour. May it live to see this mistake covered up by soil and plants.
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In Waterloo, Iowa, on April 12th, 2010, on the grounds of a Motel 6 off the west side of Logan Avenue (U.S. Route 63), north of Heath Street.
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Library of Congress classification ideas:
TA709 Rockfills—Pictorial works.
QK115 Trees—United States—Pictorial works.
F629.W3 Waterloo (Iowa)—Pictorial works.
Soil series.—The lowest level in Soil Taxonomy. All the soils of a series have horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. A soil series is a conceptual class defined to represent natural bodies of soils (polypedons) on the landscape. Soil series are defined by properties within the series control section as defined in Soil Taxonomy
Figure 106a.—Soil series that are also State Soils. A state soil is a soil that has special significance to a particular state. Each state in the United States has selected a state soil, over twenty of which have been legislatively established. (From left to right.):
South Dakota State Soil—The Houdek series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in glacial till on uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. These soils are fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiustolls.
Alabama State Soil—The Bama series consists of very deep, well drained, moderately permeable soils in the Southern Coastal Plain. They formed in thick beds of loamy marine and fluvial sediments on high stream or marine terraces. Slopes range up to 15 percent. These soils are fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Paleudults.
Idaho State Soil—The Threebear series consists of moderately deep to a fragipan, moderately well drained soils formed in loess and reworked loess with a thick mantle of volcanic ash. They are mountain slopes, structural benches, and hills on plateaus. Slopes range from 3 to 40 percent. These soils are medial over loamy, amorphic over mixed, superactive, frigid Oxyaquic Udivitrands.
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A strange and seemingly stable Opuntia fragilis that may be worth taxonomic recognition. The normal kind grows on the same quartz outcrop but produces relatively few flowers and does appear to exhibit any characteristics of the hybrid. This is the only known element. occurrence.
July 8, 2011, Big Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake County, Utah, approx, 6250 ft. elev.
A soil profile of Frederick silt loam. The argillic horizon begins at a depth of about 15 centimeters and extends to below a depth of more than 150 centimeters. (Soil Survey of Bland County, Virginia; by Robert K. Conner, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
The Frederick series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in residuum derived mainly from dolomitic limestone with interbeds of sandstone, siltstone, and shale. They are on are nearly level to very steep uplands. Permeability is moderate. Slopes range from 0 to 60 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 42 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 55 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Paleudults
Solum thickness is more than 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 72 inches. Depth to the top of the argillic horizon ranges from 0 to 20 inches. Variegated colors in the solum range from 40 to more than 60 inches below the soil surface. Rock fragments are mostly chert and range from 0 to 60 percent in the A, E, BA, and BE horizons, and 0 to 35 percent in the Bt, BC, and C horizons. In some areas the upper part of the solum is capped with as much as 20 inches of silty material. The soil ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid, unless limed.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of these soils are cleared and cultivated. Crops are corn, small grain, hay, tobacco, and apple orchards. Most of the steeper areas are in pasture or forest. Vegetation is largely hardwoods such as oak, hickory, maple, and yellow poplar.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, and Tennessee. The series is of large extent.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/virginia/VA021...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/F/FREDERICK.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
A representative soil profile of the Moosabec series. (Photo provided by Jim Turenne, USDA-NRCS; New England Soil Profiles)
The Moosabec series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils that formed mostly in slightly decomposed organic soil material from Sphagnum moss on raised bogs on glaciated terrain. Estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high. Permeability is rapid. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1190 mm (47 inches). Mean annual temperature is about 7 degrees C (44 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Dysic, frigid Typic Sphagnofibrists
The thickness of organic materials is 160 centimeters (63 inches) or more and ranges to over 6 meters (20 feet). The depth to bedrock is more than 160 centimeters (63 inches). The content of woody fragments is 0 to 20 percent in the surface tier and 0 to 10 percent in the subsurface and bottom tiers. Fibric material is dominant in most or all of the control section, and extends to as much as 3 meters (10 feet) deep in some places. Layers of hemic material are in the control section in some pedons, but occupy less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of aggregate thickness in the subsurface and bottom tiers. The hemic material is commonly in the bottom tier.
USE AND VEGETATION: Sphagnum peat from Moosabec soils is of considerable commercial value. These soils commonly have a sparse cover of slow growing black spruce and tamarack. Common heath family shrubs are Labrador tea, leatherleaf, rhodora, sheep laurel, bog laurel, and bog rosemary. Cloudberry and crowberry shrubs are found in some locations. Pitcher plant and sundew are common insectivorous plants. The moss cover is composed mostly of Sphagnum.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The eastern, central and southern portions of Maine. This series is of moderate extent. At least 10,000 acres are estimated to occur in Maine. The series will likely be recognized to replace Waskish where historically mapped in region R.
For additional information about New England soils, visit:
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/M/MOOSABEC.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
The Quetico series consists of very shallow, well drained soils.(Soil Survey of Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota; by Peter Weikle, Natural Resources Conservation Service)
These soils formed in loamy noncalcareous glacial drift on uplands with relief controlled by the underlying bedrock. These soils have bedrock beginning at depths ranging from 4 to 10 inches. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderate in the loamy mantle. Slopes range from 2 to 90 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches and mean annual air temperature is about 37 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, isotic, acid, frigid Lithic Udorthents
Thickness of solum and depth to bedrock range from 4 to 10 inches. Texture of the material above the rock contact is loam, silt loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or gravelly and cobbly analogues. Content of gravel by volume ranges from 3 to 35 percent. Stones and boulders within or on the soil range from 0 to 3 percent. The gravel is dominantly granite or gabbro, but sandstone is included in a few places. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils mostly are in mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Dominant trees are jack pine, red pine, white pine, quaking aspen, paper birch, balsam fir and mountain ash. Major resource uses are recreation, timber, watershed, and wildlife habitat.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA's 88, 90, 93 and 142. The Laurentian Shield region of northeastern Minnesota and in New York. Moderately extensive.
For additional information about the survey area, visit:
www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MANUSCRIPTS/minnesota/voya...
For a detailed soil description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/Q/QUETICO.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit:
Thankfully Davin showed just in time to carry 4 or 5 bags.
I pixelated cause I don't want to be an advertisement for a container soil brand. It's an all-right brand... the best I can find in these parts but certainly not the best I have seen. Toronto has been disappointing with the selection these days. And I can't go far considering I got all of this home by cab. If I had purchased even one more bag it would not have fit!
Considering the things I have tried to bring home in cabs I am surprised none of the companies have banned me. I think the trick is that I know I am a hassle so I tip well!
Collage of different images of clay and soil, blended together in photoshop. Just an experiment to see how easy it is to make it look natural, not quite convincing enough i dont think
The Hymas series consists of shallow, well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium from limestone. The Hymas soils are on mountainsides, ridges or uplands. Slopes are 10 to 75 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 13 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 44 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, carbonatic, frigid Lithic Haploxerolls
Soil moisture - Moist in late fall, winter and spring; dry from late June through September.
Soil temperature - 42 to 47 degrees F.
Average summer soil temperature - 59 to 66 degrees F.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 7 to 14 inches.
Depth to bedrock - 10 to 20 inches.
Control section
Clay content: 8 to 27 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent dominantly angular fragments of limestone.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium or rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Rangeland and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly big sagebrush, cheatgrass, phlox, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, rabbitbrush and bitterbrush.
For additional information about Idaho soils, please visit:
storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/97d01af9d4554b9097cb0a477e04...
For a detailed description, visit:
soilseries.sc.egov.usda.gov/OSD_Docs/H/HYMAS.html
For acreage and geographic distribution, visit: