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Progress on the Second Avenue Subway as of October 2013. This photo shows the future 86th Street Station.
Photo: Metropolitan Transportation Authority / Patrick Cashin
This is another rendition of the ancient and highly photogenic cypress tree on the spreing-fed Cypress Creek in Wimberley, Texas across from our pavilion. The estimate of the tree age is in excess of 1000 years. It can be visualized as standing in place 500 years before Columbus sailed to America!
Three weeks of classes were live streamed from our beautiful White Lodge studios to ballet students across the world.
©2020 The Royal Ballet School. Photographed by Rachel Cherry
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..:: ★ Second Life Fashion - style of the day ★ ::..
➩ New Group on Facebook ! JOYN US! Bloggers are welcome to post
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MTA Capital Construction President Dr. Michael Horodniceanu led a media tour of the Second Avenue Subway Phase I project at its 82% completion point, on Thu., May 21, 2015.
Photo: Marc A. Hermann / MTA New York City Transit
During a community preview tour of the Second Avenue Subway project at the 86th Street cavern, Adam Meagher surprised his girlfriend, Carolyn Grossman, with a marriage proposal on Sat., May 17, 2014. The two are urban planners and subway enthusiasts. She said yes!
Man Proposes During Second Avenue Subway Tour
Photo: Marc A. Hermann / MTA New York City Transit
Version française après la version anglaise
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(en) United For Change
Benefit charity event organized by Evenementia and Stok for LLK association.
This cultural and playful event with a charitable aim will begin Friday, August 26th at 12,30 PM SLT and will end Sunday, August 28th at 4,30pm SLT with a firework.
LLK (Live and Learn in Kenya) is a german association installed on Second Life for more than a year now (led by Brique Topaz), which is raising funds to help children in Kenya.
It's an non-profit aid NGO.
Desolation, hunger, thirst, poverty, illiteracy, AIDS, child prostitution... Here is the daily life of Kenya's children living in slums of Rhonda Nakuru. « Live and Learn in Kenya » is helping everyday in order to make the daily life of these children better.
This association has many missions faithful to the Charter of Rights of the Child : to allow education and scholarship to these children, provide medical care and hygiene, and of course allow them to eat everyday.
LLK is looking for sponsors to finance the education of poor children, which means all a child need to go to school : fees, uniforms, shoes, books, school supplies...
LLK has also an organization in Germany, medical/ dental partner « Arzt und Zahnarzthilfe Kenya», providing quarterly medical and dental cares, check-up and vaccinations.
Their feeding program is also a big success. Thanks to their operation called « Shared Joy », the organization can distribute meals for almost 500 children per day.
All the funds are donations.
100% of donations are directly transfered to Kenya to take care of children, provide education, medical care, feeding, a home and host families. Nobody earns money in LLK.
Evenementia and Stok, aware of the action of the organization in Kenya, have decided to organize a big event under the aegis of « United For Change ».
The aim of the event « United For Change » is to gather together several protagonists (artists, djs, designers, dancers, poets...) for a week end, not only to make people aware of this scourge and make known this association, but also to raise loads of funds.
On differents places on the lands where the event will take place, there will be officials donations jars.
The program of festivities this week end : a host of talented singers and musicians will offer to strollers exceptional lives. All styles of music : pop, rock, folk, classical, variety, jazz...
And also 38 hours of breathtaking Djs sets. Different nationalities and motley types, you'll appreciate the quality of all these sets prepared for the event. Techno, BreakBeat, Drum and Bass, Chill Out, House, Trans, Mood Music, EBM, Rhythmic Noise, Tribal... good sounds for all enthusiasts of good music...
But there is not only music at the program, in fact during all the event, an exhibition will take place on the theme of Africa, also a unique fashion show of African creations by Solylence Houston (Solylence Creation) and of CocoCurious Macbain creations (Coco's African), games, African poetry, animated African tales, and a stand of « African » skins design... and many more surprises.
A lot of partners have created objects or freebies only for this event, and everyone will be able to pick them up.
Program and locations :
1- Mainstage Dj's:
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/139/221/22
Friday August 26th 2011
01-03 PM Slt: Calrek Nansen - Techno
03-05 PM Slt: Laureen Korhonen - Techno
05-07 PM Slt: Makro Enyo - Drum and Bass
Saturday August 27th 2011
02-04 AM Slt: Megan Release - Chill Out
04-06 AM Slt: Ptilu Lali - House
06-08 AM Slt: Chloe Seljan - Mood Music
08-10 AM Slt: Vali Rau - EBM, rhythmic noise, tribal
10-12 PM Slt: Chanya Andel - Techno
12-02 PM Slt: Anders Fiertze - Trance
02-04 PM Slt: Dave Cold - Trance
04-06 PM Slt: Jenny Robledo - Trance
06-08 PM Slt: Ilona Datura - Mood Music
Sunday August 28th 2011
02-04 AM Slt: DJxScotspaul Resident - House Trance
04-06 AM Slt: Nico Flux - Progressive Trance
06-08 AM Slt: Desterac Laval - Soulfull House
08-10 AM Slt: Kalia Ivory - TechHouse House
10-12 AM Slt: Volgan666 Jupiter - TechHouse House
12-02 PM Slt: Qwark Allen - Psy Full On
02-04 PM Slt Josef Yatsenko - TechHouse
2- Second Stage Artist's:
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/139/221/22
Friday August 26th 2011
01-02 PM Slt: Nikita Lumet - Live Pop
06-07 PM Slt: FedoraJones Popstar - Classic Rock
07-08 PM Slt: Jasher Faith - Live Pop
Saturday August 27th 2011
05-06 AM Slt: Mary Kalil - Live Variétés
06-07 AM Slt: Offerus Fouquet - Live Variétés
09-10 AM Slt: Mimi Carpenter - Live Pop
10-11 AM Slt : Lazy Msitwood - Live Pop & Variety
11-12 PM Slt: MommaLuv Skytower - Live Rock / Pop
12-01 PM Slt: Bat Masters - Live rock
01-02 PM Slt: OneSummer Oh- Live Rock
02-03 PM Slt: Clay Harsley - Live Pop
03-04 PM Slt: Arella Seerose-Classic Lyric
07-08 PM Slt: Zed Essex - Live classic rock
Sunday August 28th 2011
02-03 AM Slt: Titichamp Aura - Live Music Jazz
06-07 AM Slt: Quinton Whitman - Live Blues and folk
11-12 AM Slt : Joe Paravane - Live Folk
02-03 PM Slt: Mimm Xue - Live LatinoAmericain
04-05 PM Slt: Bob Opaline - Music Fireworks
3- Animation stage
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/50/215/22
Saturday August 27th 2011
03-04 AM Slt:Frederic Heberle - Reading african poetry (Fr)
07-08 AM Slt: Evenementia - Games
08-09 AM Slt: Samia Bechir Workshop- Create your black skin
Sunday August 28th 2011
03-04 AM Slt: Frederic Heberle - Reading african poetry (Fr)
05-06 AM Slt: Evenementia - Games
07-08 AM Slt: Evenemantia Fashion - African fashion show
08-09 AM Slt: Rubis Topaz & Troupe
Shows Fantaisie Africaine
09-10 AM Slt: Artemisia Mathy - African stories (Fr)
4- Exhibit Stage:
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/180/190/22
During all the week-end
Photographer's - Painter's- Artist's
Le site Web de LLK :
Site Evenementia
Site "United For Change"
Team :
Lalabel Demina - CEO
Artus Courtois - CEO
Eluna Baramm - Manager
Swann Sommer - Manager
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(fr) United For Change
Evènement caritatif organisé par Evenementia & Stok au profit de l'association LLK
Cette manifestation culturelle et ludique à vocation caritative débutera le vendredi 26 août à 21H30 et se clôturera le dimanche 28 août aux alentours d'1H30 par un feu d'artifice sons et lumières...
LLK (Live and Learn in Kenya) est une association allemande implantée depuis plus d'un an sur Secondlife ( conduite par Brique Topaz) qui récolte des fonds afin de venir en aide aux enfants du Kenya.
C'est une ONG humanitaire à but non lucratif.
Désolation, faim, soif, pauvreté, analphabétisme, sida, prostitution des enfants... Voilà le quotidien des enfants du Kenya qui vivent dans les taudis de Rhonda Nakuru. Live and Learn in Kenya aide chaque jour à améliorer le quotidien de ses enfants.
Les missions de cette association sont multiples et fidèles à la charte des droits de l'enfant : permettre l'éducation et la scolarité de ces enfants, assurer leurs soins médicaux et leur hygiène et bien évidement leur permettre de se nourrir au quotidien.
LLK cherche des sponsors pour financer l'éducation des enfants nécessiteux, qui comprend tout ce que l'enfant a besoin pour aller à l'école : les honoraires, uniformes, chaussures, livres, fournitures scolaires...
LLK a aussi une organisation basée en Allemagne, partenaire médical / dentaire "Arzt und Zahnarzthilfe Kenya», qui fournit des soins médicaux et dentaires, trimestriels check-up et vaccinations.
Leur programme d'alimentation est également un énorme succès. Grâce à leur opération appelé "shared joy", l'association est en mesure de distribuer des repas pour près de 500 enfants par jour. Tous les fonds sont des dons.
100% des dons sont directement transférés au Kenya pour prendre soin des enfants, fournir une éducation, les soins médicaux, une alimentation, un logement et des familles d'accueil. Personne ne touche d'argent au Live and Learn au Kenya.
Evenementia et Stok, sensibilisés par cette association et son action au Kenya, ont décidé d'organiser un gros évènement sous l'égide " United For Change".
Le but de l'opération " United For Change "est réunir le temps d'un week end plusieurs protagonistes (artistes, djs, créateurs, danseurs, poètes....) afin, non seulement de sensibiliser les gens à ce fléau et de faire connaître cette association, mais aussi de collecter un maximum de fonds.
Sur les différentes parties des lands de l’évènement seront disposées des bornes de donations officielles.
Au programme des festivités de ce week end, une pléaide de chanteurs et musiciens talentueux qui vont offrir aux spectateurs des lives d'exception. Tous les genres seront au rendez-vous ; pop, rock, folk, classique, variétés, jazz...
Sur le stage DJs, 38H00 de sets à vous couper le souffle. De nationalités différentes et de genres hétéroclites, vous allez pouvoir appréciez la qualité de tous ces mixs qui ont été préparés pour l'occasion. Techno, BreakBeat, Drum and Bass, Chill Out, House, Trans, Mood Music, EBM, rhythmic noise, tribal.... du bon son pour tous les amateurs de bonnes musiques....
Mais le programme ne se limite pas à cela, durant la totalité de l'opération, il y aura aussi une exposition sur le thème de l'Afrique, un défilé de mode unique de créations africaines de Solylence houston (Solylence Creation) et de CocoCurious Macbain (Coco's African), des jeux, des ateliers de poésies africaines, des contes africains animés, un atelier de création de skins "africaines".... et bien d'autres surprises.
Beaucoup de partenaires ont crées aussi des objets ou freebies pour l'occasion qui seront à la disposition de tous.
Programme et lieux :
1- Mainstage Dj's:
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/139/221/22
Friday August 26th 2011
01-03 PM Slt: Calrek Nansen - Techno
03-05 PM Slt: Laureen Korhonen - Techno
05-07 PM Slt: Makro Enyo - Drum and Bass
Saturday August 27th 2011
02-04 AM Slt: Megan Release - Chill Out
04-06 AM Slt: Ptilu Lali - House
06-08 AM Slt: Chloe Seljan - Mood Music
08-10 AM Slt: Vali Rau - EBM, rhythmic noise, tribal
10-12 PM Slt: Chanya Andel - Techno
12-02 PM Slt: Anders Fiertze - Trance
02-04 PM Slt: Dave Cold - Trance
04-06 PM Slt: Jenny Robledo - Trance
06-08 PM Slt: Ilona Datura - Mood Music
Sunday August 28th 2011
02-04 AM Slt: DJxScotspaul Resident - House Trance
04-06 AM Slt: Nico Flux - Progressive Trance
06-08 AM Slt: Desterac Laval - Soulfull House
08-10 AM Slt: Kalia Ivory - TechHouse House
10-12 AM Slt: Volgan666 Jupiter - TechHouse House
12-02 PM Slt: Qwark Allen - Psy Full On
02-04 PM Slt Josef Yatsenko - TechHouse
2- Second Stage Artist's:
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/139/221/22
Friday August 26th 2011
01-02 PM Slt: Nikita Lumet - Live Pop
06-07 PM Slt: FedoraJones Popstar - Classic Rock
07-08 PM Slt: Jasher Faith - Live Pop
Saturday August 27th 2011
05-06 AM Slt: Mary Kalil - Live Variétés
06-07 AM Slt: Offerus Fouquet - Live Variétés
09-10 AM Slt: Mimi Carpenter - Live Pop
10-11 AM Slt : Lazy Msitwood - Live Pop & Variety
11-12 PM Slt: MommaLuv Skytower - Live Rock / Pop
12-01 PM Slt: Bat Masters - Live rock
01-02 PM Slt: OneSummer Oh- Live Rock
02-03 PM Slt: Clay Harsley - Live Pop
03-04 PM Slt: Arella Seerose-Classic Lyric
07-08 PM Slt: Zed Essex - Live classic rock
Sunday August 28th 2011
02-03 AM Slt: Titichamp Aura - Live Music Jazz
06-07 AM Slt: Quinton Whitman - Live Blues and folk
11-12 AM Slt : Joe Paravane - Live Folk
02-03 PM Slt: Mimm Xue - Live LatinoAmericain
04-05 PM Slt: Bob Opaline - Music Fireworks
3- Animation stage
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/50/215/22
Saturday August 27th 2011
03-04 AM Slt:Frederic Heberle - Reading african poetry (Fr)
07-08 AM Slt: Evenementia - Games
08-09 AM Slt: Samia Bechir Workshop- Create your black skin
Sunday August 28th 2011
03-04 AM Slt: Frederic Heberle - Reading african poetry (Fr)
05-06 AM Slt: Evenementia - Games
07-08 AM Slt: Evenemantia Fashion - African fashion show
08-09 AM Slt: Rubis Topaz & Troupe
Shows Fantaisie Africaine
09-10 AM Slt: Artemisia Mathy - African stories (Fr)
4- Exhibit Stage:
slurl.com/secondlife/Eternalis/180/190/22
During all the week-end
Photographer's - Painter's- Artist's
Le site Web de LLK :
Site Evenementia
Site "United For Change"
Team :
Lalabel Demina - CEO
Artus Courtois - CEO
Eluna Baramm - Manager
Swann Sommer - Manager
Our second cohort of Affiliate Trainee Teachers joined us at the School for a week on intensive training.
©2022 The Royal Ballet School. Photographed by Rachel Cherry.
CAMERA: Canon NEW F1
LENS: Canon fd lens 35mm f/2,0 S.S.C.
FILM: Kodak color ISO 400 36 exp. color filter
FILM DEVELOPMENT: author's manual film development
Tetenal colortec c41 [9min 00sec 30 °C]
FILM SCANNED: OpticFilm Plustek 7400 with SilverFast Software
SHOOTING DATE: 10/2015
DEVELOPER DATE: 01/2016
TECHNIQUE: Multiple Exposure unedited.
NUMBER OF EXPOSURES: 3
NO POST-PROCESSING
OBJECT: Central Research and Experimental Design Institute of Robotics and Technical Cybernetics
PLACE: Saint-Petersburg, Russia 2015
DA NANG, Vietnam (June 10, 2014) Cmdr. Peter Shumaker uses a skin-resurfacing laser to treat a burn patient at the Da Nang General Hospital as part of Pacific Partnership 2014. Pacific Partnership is in its ninth iteration and is the largest annual multilateral humanitarian assistance and disaster relief preparedness mission conducted in the Asia-Pacific region. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Karolina A. Oseguera/Released)
Progress on the Second Avenue Subway as of October 2013. This photo shows the future 96th Street Station.
Photo: Metropolitan Transportation Authority / Patrick Cashin
Alright, back to the Air Aircooled Gathering from last month. . . . This is a second-generation Volkswagen Bus (with the proud owner talking to someone with a Yorkie on a leash!), a plush toy and a VW pillow in the rear seats and still plenty of room left for six adults. I believe this is a 1974 model.
Although their single-pane panoramic windshields greatly enhanced visibility and their stronger bumpers consderably enhanced safety, many VW purists remain partial to the first-generation Transporters made from 1950 to 1967. Still, second-generation Buses (made from 1968 to 1979) have their fans - some Mark 2 Transporter aficianado must have been behind the inclusion of one in the movie "Little Miss Sunshine!" :-D
It may seem ironic that VW temporarily doesn't have a passenger minivan model in America right now, but what's even more ironic is that the passenger minivan market wasn't very lucrative back when VW had it to itself. Those who did buy Buses in the sixties and seventies, though, could count on plenty of room and the joys of trouble-free aircooled motoring (so long as they didn't mind the skimpy performance). Indeed, by 1979, the only other aircooled car left on the market was VW's own Beetle convertible - also in its last year. (The 1980 Vanagon minivan would still have an aircooled enigne.)
DATE: 4-1-15
LOCATION: Building 26, Rm. 104
SUBJECT: ESA Astronaut Thomas Pesquet on behalf of ESA during ARED and T2 (treadmill) training with instructors Robert Tweedy and Kimberly Jadwick.
PHOTOGRAPHER: Lauren Harnett
Facade detail viewed from below, Powers Building (1869-1891), Rochester, NY.
Blue ribbon winner, Monroe County Fair 2013.
The second bathroom was surprisingly difficult to light. Only one angle, had to hide both me and my lights from the mirror.
I stayed low and used only the top part of the frame in the final crop to hide from the mirror. Sort of a poor-mans shift function on a view camera. I used an on-camera flash both to trigger the other tow strobes and to light the wall behind me in the hall to splash a nice reflection in the mirror.
There was one slaved SB-800 on a stand in the shower, aimed at the back corner / ceiling for soft bounce inside the shower. Then one more slaved SB just to camera right (inside) aimed up at the ceiling for soft bounce.
Je suis fini. Whole house is shot.
Sibiu (Romanian: [siˈbiw], antiquated Sibiiu; German: Hermannstadt [ˈhɛʁmanʃtat], Transylvanian Saxon dialect: Härmeschtat, Hungarian: Nagyszeben [ˈnɒcsɛbɛn]) is a city in Transylvania, Romania, with a population of 147,245.[1] Located some 275 km (171 mi) north-west of Bucharest,[2] the city straddles the Cibin River, a tributary of the river Olt. Now the capital of Sibiu County, between 1692 and 1791 and 1849–65 Sibiu was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania.
Sibiu is one of the most important cultural centres of Romania and was designated the European Capital of Culture for the year 2007, along with the city of Luxembourg.[3] Formerly the centre of the Transylvanian Saxons, the old city of Sibiu was ranked as "Europe's 8th-most idyllic place to live" by Forbes in 2008.[4]
The city administers the Păltiniș ski resort.
History[edit]
See also: Timeline of Sibiu
The first official record referring to the Sibiu area comes from 1191, when Pope Celestine III confirmed the existence of the free prepositure of the German settlers in Transylvania, the prepositure having its headquarters in Sibiu, named Cibinium at that time.[5]
In the 14th century, it was already an important trade centre. In 1376, the craftsmen were divided in 19 guilds. Sibiu became the most important ethnic German city among the seven cities that gave Transylvania its German name Siebenbürgen (literally seven citadels).[6][7] It was home to the Universitas Saxorum (Community of the Saxons), a network of pedagogues, ministers, intellectuals, city officials, and councilmen of the German community forging an ordered legal corpus and political system in Transylvania since the 1400s.[8][9] During the 18th and 19th centuries, the city became the second- and later the first-most important centre of Transylvanian Romanian ethnics. The first Romanian-owned bank had its headquarters here (The Albina Bank), as did the ASTRA (Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and Romanian's People Culture). After the Romanian Orthodox Church was granted status in the Habsburg Empire from the 1860s onwards, Sibiu became the Metropolitan seat, and the city is still regarded as the third-most important centre of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Between the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and 1867 (the year of the Ausgleich), Sibiu was the meeting-place of the Transylvanian Diet, which had taken its most representative form after the Empire agreed to extend voting rights in the region.
After World War I, when Austria-Hungary was dissolved, Sibiu became part of Romania; the majority of its population was still ethnic German (until 1941) and counted a large Romanian community, as well as a smaller Hungarian one. Starting from the 1950s and until after 1990, most of the city's ethnic Germans emigrated to Germany and Austria. Among the roughly 2,000 who have remained is Klaus Johannis, the current President of Romania.
Geography[edit]
Topographic map of the Sibiu region
Panoramic view of Sibiu historic center, looking East.
Sibiu is situated near the geographical center of Romania at
WikiMiniAtlas
45.792784°N 24.152069°E. Set in the Cibin Depression, the city is about 20 km from the Făgăraș Mountains, 12 km from the Cibin Mountains, and about 15 km from the Lotru Mountains, which border the depression in its southwestern section. The northern and eastern limits of Sibiu are formed by the Târnavelor Plateau, which descends to the Cibin Valley through Gușteriței Hill.
The Cibin river as well as some smaller streams runs through Sibiu. The geographical position of Sibiu makes it one of the most important transportation hubs in Romania with important roads and railway lines passing through it.
City districts[edit]
The following districts are part of Sibiu. Some were villages annexed by the city but most were built as the city developed and increased its surface.
•Historic Center - Divided into the Upper Town and Lower Town
•Centru (Centre)
•Lupeni
•Trei Stejari
•Vasile Aaron
•Hipodrom I, II, III, IV
•Valea Aurie (Golden Valley)
•Tilișca
•Ștrand
•Turnișor (Little Tower; German: Neppendorf)
•Piața Cluj
•Țiglari
•Terezian
•Reșița
•Lazaret
•Gușterița (German: Hammersdorf)
•Broscărie
•Viile Sibiului
•Tineretului
•Veteranilor de Război
The Southern part, including the ASTRA National Museum Complex and the Zoo, also falls within the city limits.
Politics[edit]
Sibiu city council composition in 2004:
Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania
Social Democratic Party
National Liberal Party
Democratic Party
Although ethnic Germans make up less than 2% of Sibiu's population, Klaus Johannis, the former president of the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (FDGR/DFDR) and current president of Romania, served as mayor of Sibiu from 2000 to 2014. Johannis was overwhelmingly reelected in 2004 (with 88.7% of votes) and 2008 (with 83.3% of the votes cast) and his party gained an absolute majority in the city council in that year. After the 2014 presidential elections, the interim position for mayor of the city was filled by deputy mayor Astrid Fodor who in the 2016 local elections won the seat with a majority of votes.[18]
Despite winning the local elections with a majority of votes and a high approval rating, the current administration is beginning to be viewed as slow moving and lacking transparency. Another issue that is affecting the current administraiton's approval ratings is the lack of investments and innovations
Economy[edit]
Sibiu is an important economic hub for Romania, with a high rate of foreign investments. It is also an important hub for the manufacturing of automotive components and houses factories belonging to ThyssenKrupp Bilstein-Compa, Takata Corporation, Continental Automotive Systems, and NTN-SNR ball bearings. Other local industries are machine components, textiles, agro-industry, and electrical components (Siemens).
The city also contains Romania's second-largest stock exchange, the Sibiu Stock Exchange which is set to merge with the Bucharest Stock Exchange in 2018.[19]
The main industrial activities of Sibiu take place in two industrial zones located on the outskirts of the city:
•East industrial zone (East Economic Center), alongside the railway to Brașov and Râmnicu Vâlcea
•West industrial zone (West Economic Center),[20] near the exit to Sebeș, close to the Airport
A commercial zone located in the Șelimbăr commune plays an important role in the economy of Sibiu. It houses a mall and other large retailers.
Another factor that plays an important role in the economy of the city is tourism, which has been increasing at a steady rate since 2007.
Transport[edit]
Sibiu International Airport Location
Sibiu is well served in terms of transport and infrastructure. In 2010 a city bypass was opened, significantly reducing the road traffic inside the city.
Tursib[21] is the city's internal transportation system operator.
Air[edit]
Sibiu Airport, Blue Air flight.
Sibiu has one of the most modern international airports in Romania, with direct connections to Germany, Austria, United Kingdom, Italy and Spain while connections to other European countries being scheduled to start in summer 2018 Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland.
Road[edit]
Sibiu is an important node in the European road network, being on two different European routes (E68 and E81). At a national level, Sibiu is located on three different main national roads, DN1, DN7 and DN14.
The Romanian Motorway A1 will link the city with Pitești and the Romanian western border, near Arad. From the remaining 332 km of motorway towards the border with Hungary Nadlac, a total of 276 km is completed and the last 56 km are currently under construction, while the timeline for the segment towards Pitești is targeted for completion for the year 2025 (construction will start no sooner than 2019). Sibiu' s ring road as part of A1 motorway was completed on December 1, 2010.
Sibiu is also an important hub for the international bus links with the biggest passenger transporter in Romania, Atlassib, based here. Transport companies are also providing coach connections from Sibiu to a large number of locations in Romania.
Public bus transportation in Sibiu
Rail[edit]
Main article: Sibiu railway station
Sibiu is situated on the CFR-Romanian Railways Main Line 200 (Brasov - Făgăraș - Sibiu - Simeria - Arad - Romanian Western Border) and on Line 206 (Sibiu - Mediaș).
The city is served by five rail stations: the Main Station (Gara Mare), the Little Station (Gara Micǎ), Turnișor, Sibiu Triaj, Halta Ateliere Zonă . It has an important diesel-powered locomotives depot and a freight terminal.
Numerous Inter City trains (nicknamed Blue Arrows) connect Sibiu to other major cities in Romania: Cluj-Napoca, Brașov, Craiova, Timișoara and Bucharest.
Cycling[edit]
Over the last six years, Sibiu has enjoyed a revival of cycling. The bicycle way in the city span for 43 kilometers.
Bicycle rentals have offered a boost for the local economy with several small rental centers and a bigger rental center that is administered by the I'Velo Bike Sharing group.
Culture[edit]
Sibiu is one of Romania's most culturally lively cities. It has 3 theatres and a philharmonic orchestra along with other smaller private theatrical venues and a theatre studio housed by the Performing Arts and Acting section of Lucian Blaga University, where students hold monthly representations.
The Radu Stanca National Theatre[22] is one of the leading Romanian theatres. With origins dating back to 1787, it attracts some of the best-known Romanian directors, such as Gábor Tompa and Silviu Purcărete. It has both a Romanian-language and a German-language section, and presents an average of five shows a week.
The Gong Theatre is specialised in puppetry, mime and non-conventional shows for children and teenagers. It also presents shows in both Romanian and German.
The State Philharmonic of Sibiu[23] presents weekly classical music concerts, and educational concerts for children and teenagers. The concerts take place in the newly restored Thalia Hall, a concert and theatre hall dating from 1787, situated along the old city fortifications. Weekly organ concerts are organised at the Evangelical Cathedral during summers, and thematic concerts are presented by the Faculty of Theology choir at the Orthodox Cathedral.
The Sibiu International Theatre Festival is an annual festival of performing arts. Since 2016, it is the largest performance arts festival in the world.[24]
Brukenthal National Museum, Sibiu.
Museums and parks[edit]
Sibiu's museums are organised around two entities: the Brukenthal National Museum and the ASTRA National Museum Complex. The Brukenthal Museum consists of an Art Gallery and an Old Books Library located inside the Brukenthal Palace, a History Museum located in the old town hall building, a Pharmacy Museum located in one of the first apothecary shops in Europe, dating from the 16th century, a Natural History Museum and a Museum of Arms and Hunting Trophies.
The ASTRA National Museum Complex focuses on ethnography, and consists of a Traditional Folk Civilisation Museum, a 96-hectare open-air museum located in Dumbrava Forest south of Sibiu, a Universal Ethnography Museum, a Museum of Transylvanian Civilisation and a Museum of Saxon Ethnography and Folk Art. Also planned is a Museum of the Culture and Civilisation of the Romany People.
Bicycle riders in Sub Arini park, in Sibiu.
The Dumbrava Sibiului Natural Park stretches over 960 hectares and it is situated 4 km away from the center of the city in the southwest direction along the road towards Răşinari. Also, here you can find the Zoological Garden and Ethnography Museum.
There is a Steam Locomotives Museum close to the railway station, sheltering around 40 locomotives, two of which are functional.
The first park in the city was The Promenade, later called "The Disabled Promenade." established in 1791, today part of Parcul Cetății (Citadel Park). Current arrangement of the park, including the space between the walls, dates from 1928.
The Sub Arini Park, established in 1856 is one of the biggest and best-maintained parks in Romania. There are other green spaces in the city center, the best known being Astra Park, established in 1879.
Tineretului Park
Other parks:
Tineretului Park, Reconstrucției Park, Corneliu Coposu Park, Petöfi Sándor Park, Piața Cluj Park, Ștrand Park, Cristianului Park, Țițeica Park, Vasile Aaron Park, Lira Park.
The distribution of green space is good compared to other Romanian cities.
Events[edit]
Citadel Park, with the 16 century City wall
Several festivals are organised yearly in Sibiu, the most prestigious of them being the Sibiu International Theatre Festival, organized each spring at the end of May. Medieval Festival organized every year in August, reviving the medieval spirit of Transylvania. The Artmania Festival is held every Summer since 2006 and as of 2008 the Rockin' Transilvania Festival is also held in Sibiu. The oldest Jazz Festival in Romania is organized here, as well as the "Carl Filtsch" festival for young classical piano players, the "Astra Film" documentary film festival, the Transylvania calling Festival a Multi Cultural 6 day Open Air Music festival! 26–31 July 2007, a medieval arts festival and many more smaller cultural events.[25] Feeric Fashion Week is also hosted here.
European Cultural Capital[edit]
The designation as a European Cultural Capital for 2007, owed greatly to the excellent collaboration with Luxembourg, but also to what many regard as a miraculous social rebirth taking place in the city during the last years. The Cultural Capital status was expected to bring about an abrupt increase in quantity and quality of cultural events in 2007.
Tourism[edit]
In 2007, Sibiu was the European Capital of Culture (together with Luxembourg). This was the most important cultural event that has ever happened in the city, and a great number of tourists came, both domestic and foreign.
The city of Sibiu and its surroundings are one of the most visited areas in Romania. It holds one of the best preserved historical sites in the country, many of its medieval fortifications having been kept in excellent state. Its old center has begun the process for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004. Sibiu and its surrounding area have many significant museums, with 12 institutions housing art collections, paintings, and exhibits in decorative arts, archeology, anthropology, history, industrial archeology and history of technology and natural sciences.
The city also lies close to the Făgăraș Mountains - a very popular trekking destination, close to the Păltiniș and Arena Platos ski resorts - popular winter holiday destinations, and it is at the heart of the former Saxon communities in Transylvania renowned for its fortified churches.
Fortified Lutheran church of Gușterița neighbourhood, 13th century
Since 2007, a traditional Christmas market is held for the first time in Sibiu, Romania. The first of its kind in Romania, it is inspired by Viennese Christmas markets, being a project developed by the Social Attaché of the Austrian Embassy in Romania, dr.h.c. Barbara Schöfnagel It was held in the "Lesser Square" (Piața Mică) with 38 small stalls, a small stage and an area dedicated to children, having several mechanical attractions installed there. Since 2008 the market is held in the "Grand Square" and grew to a number of about 70 stalls, a bigger stage was set up, where Christmas carols concerts are held. An ice skating rink and a children's workshop are also attractions which have been added in the following years.[26] It was the first Christmas Market in Romania,[27] but soon other Christmas markets emerged across the country. In 2013, the Sibiu Christmas markets was included in the "15 Of the Most Beautiful Christmas Markets in Europe"[28]
Main sights[edit]
Sibiu Lutheran Cathedral
Market in the Large Square, 1790, painting by Franz Neuhauser the Younger
Christmas Fair in the Large Square
Coopers Tower
The House with Caryatids on Mitropoliei Street, constructed in 1786
Pasajul Scărilor (Passage of the Stairs) in the Lower Town
Much of the city's aspect is due to its position, easily defensible, but allowing horizontal development. The old city of Sibiu lies on the right bank of the Cibin River, on a hill situated at about 200 m from the river. It consists of two distinct entities: the Upper Town and the Lower Town. Traditionally, the Upper Town was the wealthier part and commercial outlet, while the Lower Town served as the manufacturing area.
The Lower Town
(German: Unterstadt, Romanian: Orașul de jos) comprises the area between the river and the hill, and it developed around the earliest fortifications. The streets are long and quite wide for medieval city standards, with small city squares at places. The architecture is rather rustic: typically two-storey houses with tall roofs and gates opening passages to inner courts.
Most of the exterior fortifications were lost to industrial development and modern urban planning in the mid-late 19th century; only four towers still exist. A building associated with newer urbanism of the period is the Independența Highschool.
This area has the oldest church in the city, dating back to 1292.
The Upper Town (German: Oberstadt, Romanian: Orașul de sus) is organised around three city squares and a set of streets along the line of the hill. As the main area for burgher activities, the area contains most points of interest in the city.
Grand Square
(German: Großer Ring, Romanian: Piața Mare ) is, as its name suggests, the largest square of the city, and has been the center of the city since the 15th century. At 142 meters long and 93 meters wide, it is one of the largest ones in Transylvania.
Brukenthal Palace, one of the most important Baroque monuments in Romania, lies on the north-western corner of the square. It was erected between 1777 and 1787 as the main residence for the Governor of Transylvania Samuel von Brukenthal. It houses the main part of the National Brukenthal Museum, opened in 1817, making it one of the oldest museums in the world. Next to the palace is the Blue House or Moringer House, an 18th-century Baroque house bearing the old coat of arms of Sibiu on its façade.
Interior of the Sibiu Orthodox Cathedral
On the north side is the Jesuit Church, along with its dependencies, the former residence of the Jesuits in Sibiu. Also on the north side, at the beginning of the 20th century an Art Nouveau building was constructed on the west part, now it houses the mayor's office.
Liars Bridge in Lesser Square, erected in 1859
Next to the Jesuit Church on the north side is the Council Tower, one of the city's symbols. This former fortification tower from the 13th century has been successively rebuilt over the years. The building nearby used to be the City Council's meeting place; beneath it lies an access way between the Grand Square and the Lesser Square.
On the south and east sides are two- or three-storey houses, having tall attics with small windows known as the city's eyes. Most of these houses are dated 15th to 19th centuries, and most of them are Renaissance or Baroque in style.
Lesser Square (Small Square, German: Kleiner Ring) as its name implies, is a smaller square situated in the northern part of the Upper Town. After the 2007 rehabilitation there has been an increase in the number of small businesses such as pubs and restaurants in this area.
The square is connected to the other two squares and to other streets by small, narrow passages. The main access from the Lower City is through Ocnei Street, which divides the square in two. The street passes under the Liar's Bridge - the first bridge in Romania to have been cast in iron (1859).[29]
To the right of the bridge is another symbol of the city, The House of the Arts, a 14th-century arched building formerly belonging to the Butchers' Guild. On the left side of the bridge is the Luxemburg House, a Baroque four-storey building.
Huet Square
is the third of the three main squares of Sibiu. Its most notable feature is the Evangelical Lutheran Cathedral in its center. It is the place where the earliest fortifications have been built in the late 12th century or early 13th century. The buildings around this square are mainly Gothic. On the west side lies the Brukenthal Highschool, in place of a former 14th-century school.
The Thick Tower
The Fortifications
of Sibiu made the city one of the most important fortified cities in Central Europe. Multiple rings were built around the city, most of them out of clay bricks. The south-eastern fortifications are the best kept, and all three parallel lines are still visible. The first is an exterior earth mound, the second is a 10-meter-tall red brick wall, and the third line comprises towers linked by another 10-meter-tall wall. All structures are connected via a labyrinth of tunnels and passageways, designed to ensure transport between the city and lines of defense.
In the 16th century more modern elements were added to the fortifications, mainly leaf-shaped bastions. Two of these survived to this day, as the Haller Bastion (all the way down Coposu Boulevard) and "Soldisch Bastion".
The Passage of the Stairs, leads down to the lower section of Sibiu. It descends along some fortifications under the support arches. It is the most picturesque of the several passages linking the two sides of the old city.
Health
Health[edit]
Sibiu County Hospital
Sibiu is one of the important medical centers of Romania, housing many important medical facilities:
•County Hospital
•Academic Emergency Hospital;
•Hospital of Pediatrics;
•Military Emergency Hospital;
•CFR Hospital (Romanian Railways Hospital);
•"Dr. Gheorghe Preda" Psychiatry Hospital
•other smaller private clinics
The city also houses one of the largest private hospitals in the country, Polisano.
Education[edit]
Samuel von Brukenthal High School
Sibiu is an important centre of higher education, with over 23,000 students in four public and private higher institutions.[30][31][32][33]
The Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu was founded in 1990, with five faculties: Engineering and Sciences; Language Sciences; History and Law; Medicine; Food and Textile Processing Technology. Nowadays, there are 10 faculties and departments.
Sibiu also houses the Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy and the Military Foreign Language Center as well as two private universities, Romanian-German University and Alma Mater University.
In Sibiu there are 20 educational institutions on the secondary level, the most important of which are:
•Gheorghe Lazăr National College - sciences and informatics, first opened in 1692 as a Jesuit College
•
Gheorghe Lazăr National College
Samuel von Brukenthal National College - German language high school
•Octavian Goga National College - social sciences, sciences, informatics and linguistics
•Onisifor Ghibu Theoretical Highschool - informatics, sciences, sports, theater and linguistics
•Andrei Șaguna National College - training for school teacher and linguistics
•Constantin Noica Theoretical Highschool - sciences and linguistics
•Daniel Popovici Barcianu Highschool - agricultural sciences
•George Baritiu National College - economic sciences
•Nicolae Iorga Elementary school
•Regina Maria Elementary school