View allAll Photos Tagged sacral
No chains
No barriers
No gates
No negative self talk
"Free ... Libre
A mindset
A decision to be"
g
Montreal
www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxBRbW8_vf8
Sacral Nirvana - Olivier Shanti & friends
Zack’s influence comes from Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo... These great artists who have forever revolutionized art, architecture, and even science. The first of their times to sublimate men and women by giving them the appearance of living God, "half-man, half God".
The church of St. Imre dates from the 13th century but the present building was built by the Franciscans between 1720 and 1743. In 1833, the tower next to the sanctuary was demolished and in 1866 a modern 52-metre-high bell tower was built, which currently has four bells.
The Sacral Chakra – Gateway to your sexuality and creativity
Continuing my series on the Chakras which are your power centers today we deal with the Chakra for our sexuality and creativity. Located around the womb/stomach area, this second chakra is believed to be the place from which we give birth, not literally but in its most creative sense. In the same way that the Empress in the Major Arcana of the Tarot is the great mother of all things, our Sacral Chakra is the origin of our power to create and experience abundance as well as the connection to our sexuality.
This area is considered important across many ancient and spiritual traditions. The Chinese call this area the Dan Tien, which some translate as ‘Elixir field’. It is believed to be the center of our physical and spiritual power and is linked with both thought and feeling, hence its importance in medicine, meditation, and martial arts. In the tradition of Yoga, this area is called the Manipura, and Prana – or life energy – is thought to radiate from here.
I believe this area has particular significance for women and our connection to ourselves, our bodies, our divine wisdom, and our sexuality.
Repressing our sexuality or creativity can inhibit our power. When it comes to our sexuality, this may mean loosening up around the labels that we use to define ourselves by who and how we love. We are all divine beings, capable of the most incredible love and intense connections and to try and constrain that magnificence within a word, a label or an identity can only place a limit around all that we are.
This is also the home of your creativity. You literally give birth to ideas and inspiration from this Chakra. If you feel creatively blocked then this is the Chakra to work on.
The amazing power source around this Chakra is hinted at in the way that we talk about the importance of going with our gut feelings, or not being able to stomach something. This is the area that strongly communicates our intuitions and can act as a powerful indicator of whether we are on the right track or heading in the wrong direction, and in terms of what is good for us and what we might need to be wary of.
Keeping your sacral Chakra turning
1/ Take the time to look at how you view your sexuality. Are you comfortable with who you are? Do you feel the need to define or explain yourself? If you lived in a world where there were no descriptions or judgments, how would you experience the depth of your connection to other people?
The exploitation rights for this text are the property of the Vienna Tourist Board. This text may be reprinted free of charge until further notice, even partially and in edited form. Forward sample copy to: Vienna Tourist Board, Media Management, Invalidenstraße 6, 1030 Vienna; media.rel@wien.info. All information in this text without guarantee.
Author: Andreas Nierhaus, Curator of Architecture/Wien Museum
Last updated January 2014
Architecture in Vienna
Vienna's 2,000-year history is present in a unique density in the cityscape. The layout of the center dates back to the Roman city and medieval road network. Romanesque and Gothic churches characterize the streets and squares as well as palaces and mansions of the baroque city of residence. The ring road is an expression of the modern city of the 19th century, in the 20th century extensive housing developments set accents in the outer districts. Currently, large-scale urban development measures are implemented; distinctive buildings of international star architects complement the silhouette of the city.
Due to its function as residence of the emperor and European power center, Vienna for centuries stood in the focus of international attention, but it was well aware of that too. As a result, developed an outstanding building culture, and still today on a worldwide scale only a few cities can come up with a comparable density of high-quality architecture. For several years now, Vienna has increased its efforts to connect with its historical highlights and is drawing attention to itself with some spectacular new buildings. The fastest growing city in the German-speaking world today most of all in residential construction is setting standards. Constants of the Viennese architecture are respect for existing structures, the palpability of historical layers and the dialogue between old and new.
Culmination of medieval architecture: the Stephansdom
The oldest architectural landmark of the city is St. Stephen's Cathedral. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, defining the face of the city from the late 13th century until 1918 in a decisive way, the cathedral was upgraded into the sacral monument of the political ambitions of the ruling house. The 1433 completed, 137 meters high southern tower, by the Viennese people affectionately named "Steffl", is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture in Europe. For decades he was the tallest stone structure in Europe, until today he is the undisputed center of the city.
The baroque residence
Vienna's ascension into the ranks of the great European capitals began in Baroque. Among the most important architects are Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Outside the city walls arose a chain of summer palaces, including the garden Palais Schwarzenberg (1697-1704) as well as the Upper and Lower Belvedere of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1714-22). Among the most important city palaces are the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene (1695-1724, now a branch of the Belvedere) and the Palais Daun-Kinsky (auction house in Kinsky 1713-19). The emperor himself the Hofburg had complemented by buildings such as the Imperial Library (1722-26) and the Winter Riding School (1729-34). More important, however, for the Habsburgs was the foundation of churches and monasteries. Thus arose before the city walls Fischer von Erlach's Karlskirche (1714-39), which with its formal and thematic complex show façade belongs to the major works of European Baroque. In colored interior rooms like that of St. Peter's Church (1701-22), the contemporary efforts for the synthesis of architecture, painting and sculpture becomes visible.
Upgrading into metropolis: the ring road time (Ringstraßenzeit)
Since the Baroque, reflections on extension of the hopelessly overcrowed city were made, but only Emperor Franz Joseph ordered in 1857 the demolition of the fortifications and the connection of the inner city with the suburbs. 1865, the Ring Road was opened. It is as the most important boulevard of Europe an architectural and in terms of urban development achievement of the highest rank. The original building structure is almost completely preserved and thus conveys the authentic image of a metropolis of the 19th century. The public representational buildings speak, reflecting accurately the historicism, by their style: The Greek Antique forms of Theophil Hansen's Parliament (1871-83) stood for democracy, the Renaissance of the by Heinrich Ferstel built University (1873-84) for the flourishing of humanism, the Gothic of the Town Hall (1872-83) by Friedrich Schmidt for the medieval civic pride.
Dominating remained the buildings of the imperial family: Eduard van der Nüll's and August Sicardsburg's Opera House (1863-69), Gottfried Semper's and Carl Hasenauer's Burgtheater (1874-88), their Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History (1871-91) and the Neue (New) Hofburg (1881-1918 ). At the same time the ring road was the preferred residential area of mostly Jewish haute bourgeoisie. With luxurious palaces the families Ephrussi, Epstein or Todesco made it clear that they had taken over the cultural leadership role in Viennese society. In the framework of the World Exhibition of 1873, the new Vienna presented itself an international audience. At the ring road many hotels were opened, among them the Hotel Imperial and today's Palais Hansen Kempinski.
Laboratory of modernity: Vienna around 1900
Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06) was one of the last buildings in the Ring road area Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06), which with it façade, liberated of ornament, and only decorated with "functional" aluminum buttons and the glass banking hall now is one of the icons of modern architecture. Like no other stood Otto Wagner for the dawn into the 20th century: His Metropolitan Railway buildings made the public transport of the city a topic of architecture, the church of the Psychiatric hospital at Steinhofgründe (1904-07) is considered the first modern church.
With his consistent focus on the function of a building ("Something impractical can not be beautiful"), Wagner marked a whole generation of architects and made Vienna the laboratory of modernity: in addition to Joseph Maria Olbrich, the builder of the Secession (1897-98) and Josef Hoffmann, the architect of the at the western outskirts located Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904) and founder of the Vienna Workshop (Wiener Werkstätte, 1903) is mainly to mention Adolf Loos, with the Loos House at the square Michaelerplatz (1909-11) making architectural history. The extravagant marble cladding of the business zone stands in maximal contrast, derived from the building function, to the unadorned facade above, whereby its "nudity" became even more obvious - a provocation, as well as his culture-critical texts ("Ornament and Crime"), with which he had greatest impact on the architecture of the 20th century. Public contracts Loos remained denied. His major works therefore include villas, apartment facilities and premises as the still in original state preserved Tailor salon Knize at Graben (1910-13) and the restored Loos Bar (1908-09) near the Kärntner Straße (passageway Kärntner Durchgang).
Between the Wars: International Modern Age and social housing
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, Vienna became capital of the newly formed small country of Austria. In the heart of the city, the architects Theiss & Jaksch built 1931-32 the first skyscraper in Vienna as an exclusive residential address (Herrengasse - alley 6-8). To combat the housing shortage for the general population, the social democratic city government in a globally unique building program within a few years 60,000 apartments in hundreds of apartment buildings throughout the city area had built, including the famous Karl Marx-Hof by Karl Ehn (1925-30). An alternative to the multi-storey buildings with the 1932 opened International Werkbundsiedlung was presented, which was attended by 31 architects from Austria, Germany, France, Holland and the USA and showed models for affordable housing in greenfield areas. With buildings of Adolf Loos, André Lurçat, Richard Neutra, Gerrit Rietveld, the Werkbundsiedlung, which currently is being restored at great expense, is one of the most important documents of modern architecture in Austria.
Modernism was also expressed in significant Villa buildings: The House Beer (1929-31) by Josef Frank exemplifies the refined Wiener living culture of the interwar period, while the house Stonborough-Wittgenstein (1926-28, today Bulgarian Cultural Institute), built by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein together with the architect Paul Engelmann for his sister Margarete, by its aesthetic radicalism and mathematical rigor represents a special case within contemporary architecture.
Expulsion, war and reconstruction
After the "Anschluss (Annexation)" to the German Reich in 1938, numerous Jewish builders, architects (female and male ones), who had been largely responsible for the high level of Viennese architecture, have been expelled from Austria. During the Nazi era, Vienna remained largely unaffected by structural transformations, apart from the six flak towers built for air defense of Friedrich Tamms (1942-45), made of solid reinforced concrete which today are present as memorials in the cityscape.
The years after the end of World War II were characterized by the reconstruction of the by bombs heavily damaged city. The architecture of those times was marked by aesthetic pragmatism, but also by the attempt to connect with the period before 1938 and pick up on current international trends. Among the most important buildings of the 1950s are Roland Rainer's City Hall (1952-58), the by Oswald Haerdtl erected Wien Museum at Karlsplatz (1954-59) and the 21er Haus of Karl Schwanzer (1958-62).
The youngsters come
Since the 1960s, a young generation was looking for alternatives to the moderate modernism of the reconstruction years. With visionary designs, conceptual, experimental and above all temporary architectures, interventions and installations, Raimund Abraham, Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth, Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler and the groups Coop Himmelb(l)au, Haus-Rucker-Co and Missing Link rapidly got international attention. Although for the time being it was more designed than built, was the influence on the postmodern and deconstructivist trends of the 1970s and 1980s also outside Austria great. Hollein's futuristic "Retti" candle shop at Charcoal Market/Kohlmarkt (1964-65) and Domenig's biomorphic building of the Central Savings Bank in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna - 1975-79) are among the earliest examples, later Hollein's Haas-Haus (1985-90), the loft conversion Falkestraße (1987/88) by Coop Himmelb(l)au or Domenig's T Center (2002-04) were added. Especially Domenig, Hollein, Coop Himmelb(l)au and the architects Ortner & Ortner (ancient members of Haus-Rucker-Co) by orders from abroad the new Austrian and Viennese architecture made a fixed international concept.
MuseumQuarter and Gasometer
Since the 1980s, the focus of building in Vienna lies on the compaction of the historic urban fabric that now as urban habitat of high quality no longer is put in question. Among the internationally best known projects is the by Ortner & Ortner planned MuseumsQuartier in the former imperial stables (competition 1987, 1998-2001), which with institutions such as the MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art Foundation Ludwig, the Leopold Museum, the Kunsthalle Wien, the Architecture Center Vienna and the Zoom Children's Museum on a wordwide scale is under the largest cultural complexes. After controversies in the planning phase, here an architectural compromise between old and new has been achieved at the end, whose success as an urban stage with four million visitors (2012) is overwhelming.
The dialogue between old and new, which has to stand on the agenda of building culture of a city that is so strongly influenced by history, also features the reconstruction of the Gasometer in Simmering by Coop Himmelb(l)au, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Jean Nouvel and Manfred Wehdorn (1999-2001). Here was not only created new housing, but also a historical industrial monument reinterpreted into a signal in the urban development area.
New Neighborhood
In recent years, the major railway stations and their surroundings moved into the focus of planning. Here not only necessary infrastructural measures were taken, but at the same time opened up spacious inner-city residential areas and business districts. Among the prestigious projects are included the construction of the new Vienna Central Station, started in 2010 with the surrounding office towers of the Quartier Belvedere and the residential and school buildings of the Midsummer quarter (Sonnwendviertel). Europe's largest wooden tower invites here for a spectacular view to the construction site and the entire city. On the site of the former North Station are currently being built 10,000 homes and 20,000 jobs, on that of the Aspangbahn station is being built at Europe's greatest Passive House settlement "Euro Gate", the area of the North Western Railway Station is expected to be developed from 2020 for living and working. The largest currently under construction residential project but can be found in the north-eastern outskirts, where in Seaside Town Aspern till 2028 living and working space for 40,000 people will be created.
In one of the "green lungs" of Vienna, the Prater, 2013, the WU campus was opened for the largest University of Economics of Europe. Around the central square spectacular buildings of an international architect team from Great Britain, Japan, Spain and Austria are gathered that seem to lead a sometimes very loud conversation about the status quo of contemporary architecture (Hitoshi Abe, BUSarchitektur, Peter Cook, Zaha Hadid, NO MAD Arquitectos, Carme Pinós).
Flying high
International is also the number of architects who have inscribed themselves in the last few years with high-rise buildings in the skyline of Vienna and make St. Stephen's a not always unproblematic competition. Visible from afar is Massimiliano Fuksas' 138 and 127 meters high elegant Twin Tower at Wienerberg (1999-2001). The monolithic, 75-meter-high tower of the Hotel Sofitel at the Danube Canal by Jean Nouvel (2007-10), on the other hand, reacts to the particular urban situation and stages in its top floor new perspectives to the historical center on the other side.
Also at the water stands Dominique Perrault's DC Tower (2010-13) in the Danube City - those high-rise city, in which since the start of construction in 1996, the expansion of the city north of the Danube is condensed symbolically. Even in this environment, the slim and at the same time striking vertically folded tower of Perrault is beyond all known dimensions; from its Sky Bar, from spring 2014 on you are able to enjoy the highest view of Vienna. With 250 meters, the tower is the tallest building of Austria and almost twice as high as the St. Stephen's Cathedral. Vienna, thus, has acquired a new architectural landmark which cannot be overlooked - whether it also has the potential to become a landmark of the new Vienna, only time will tell. The architectural history of Vienna, where European history is presence and new buildings enter into an exciting and not always conflict-free dialogue with a great and outstanding architectural heritage, in any case has yet to offer exciting chapters.
Info: The folder "Architecture: From Art Nouveau to the Presence" is available at the Vienna Tourist Board and can be downloaded on www.wien.info/media/files/guide-architecture-in-wien.pdf.
Church of st. Mary Magdalene in Dukla is one of the most valuable Polish rococo churches.
It was built as a gothic one, around 1461, with a brick chancel and a wooden nave. When in 1738 there was a fire in the city, the nave burned down entirely, and the chancel became the basis for the reconstruction of the temple.
The owner of Dukla and the Grand Marshal of the Crown, Józef Wandalin Mniszech, the same one who donated the land for the Bernardine monastery, undertook it. The temple was given a baroque appearance, but another fire and the death of Józef Vandalin in 1747 interrupted the work. They were continued in 1764 by the son of the marshal, Jerzy August Mniszech, supported by his wife, Maria Amalia. It was then that the church's interior acquired a rococo interior and fittings that have survived to this day.
gorybezgranic.pttk.pl/en/295-gory-bez-granic-the-church-o...
The exploitation rights for this text are the property of the Vienna Tourist Board. This text may be reprinted free of charge until further notice, even partially and in edited form. Forward sample copy to: Vienna Tourist Board, Media Management, Invalidenstraße 6, 1030 Vienna; media.rel@wien.info. All information in this text without guarantee.
Author: Andreas Nierhaus, Curator of Architecture/Wien Museum
Last updated January 2014
Architecture in Vienna
Vienna's 2,000-year history is present in a unique density in the cityscape. The layout of the center dates back to the Roman city and medieval road network. Romanesque and Gothic churches characterize the streets and squares as well as palaces and mansions of the baroque city of residence. The ring road is an expression of the modern city of the 19th century, in the 20th century extensive housing developments set accents in the outer districts. Currently, large-scale urban development measures are implemented; distinctive buildings of international star architects complement the silhouette of the city.
Due to its function as residence of the emperor and European power center, Vienna for centuries stood in the focus of international attention, but it was well aware of that too. As a result, developed an outstanding building culture, and still today on a worldwide scale only a few cities can come up with a comparable density of high-quality architecture. For several years now, Vienna has increased its efforts to connect with its historical highlights and is drawing attention to itself with some spectacular new buildings. The fastest growing city in the German-speaking world today most of all in residential construction is setting standards. Constants of the Viennese architecture are respect for existing structures, the palpability of historical layers and the dialogue between old and new.
Culmination of medieval architecture: the Stephansdom
The oldest architectural landmark of the city is St. Stephen's Cathedral. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, defining the face of the city from the late 13th century until 1918 in a decisive way, the cathedral was upgraded into the sacral monument of the political ambitions of the ruling house. The 1433 completed, 137 meters high southern tower, by the Viennese people affectionately named "Steffl", is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture in Europe. For decades he was the tallest stone structure in Europe, until today he is the undisputed center of the city.
The baroque residence
Vienna's ascension into the ranks of the great European capitals began in Baroque. Among the most important architects are Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Outside the city walls arose a chain of summer palaces, including the garden Palais Schwarzenberg (1697-1704) as well as the Upper and Lower Belvedere of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1714-22). Among the most important city palaces are the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene (1695-1724, now a branch of the Belvedere) and the Palais Daun-Kinsky (auction house in Kinsky 1713-19). The emperor himself the Hofburg had complemented by buildings such as the Imperial Library (1722-26) and the Winter Riding School (1729-34). More important, however, for the Habsburgs was the foundation of churches and monasteries. Thus arose before the city walls Fischer von Erlach's Karlskirche (1714-39), which with its formal and thematic complex show façade belongs to the major works of European Baroque. In colored interior rooms like that of St. Peter's Church (1701-22), the contemporary efforts for the synthesis of architecture, painting and sculpture becomes visible.
Upgrading into metropolis: the ring road time (Ringstraßenzeit)
Since the Baroque, reflections on extension of the hopelessly overcrowed city were made, but only Emperor Franz Joseph ordered in 1857 the demolition of the fortifications and the connection of the inner city with the suburbs. 1865, the Ring Road was opened. It is as the most important boulevard of Europe an architectural and in terms of urban development achievement of the highest rank. The original building structure is almost completely preserved and thus conveys the authentic image of a metropolis of the 19th century. The public representational buildings speak, reflecting accurately the historicism, by their style: The Greek Antique forms of Theophil Hansen's Parliament (1871-83) stood for democracy, the Renaissance of the by Heinrich Ferstel built University (1873-84) for the flourishing of humanism, the Gothic of the Town Hall (1872-83) by Friedrich Schmidt for the medieval civic pride.
Dominating remained the buildings of the imperial family: Eduard van der Nüll's and August Sicardsburg's Opera House (1863-69), Gottfried Semper's and Carl Hasenauer's Burgtheater (1874-88), their Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History (1871-91) and the Neue (New) Hofburg (1881-1918 ). At the same time the ring road was the preferred residential area of mostly Jewish haute bourgeoisie. With luxurious palaces the families Ephrussi, Epstein or Todesco made it clear that they had taken over the cultural leadership role in Viennese society. In the framework of the World Exhibition of 1873, the new Vienna presented itself an international audience. At the ring road many hotels were opened, among them the Hotel Imperial and today's Palais Hansen Kempinski.
Laboratory of modernity: Vienna around 1900
Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06) was one of the last buildings in the Ring road area Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06), which with it façade, liberated of ornament, and only decorated with "functional" aluminum buttons and the glass banking hall now is one of the icons of modern architecture. Like no other stood Otto Wagner for the dawn into the 20th century: His Metropolitan Railway buildings made the public transport of the city a topic of architecture, the church of the Psychiatric hospital at Steinhofgründe (1904-07) is considered the first modern church.
With his consistent focus on the function of a building ("Something impractical can not be beautiful"), Wagner marked a whole generation of architects and made Vienna the laboratory of modernity: in addition to Joseph Maria Olbrich, the builder of the Secession (1897-98) and Josef Hoffmann, the architect of the at the western outskirts located Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904) and founder of the Vienna Workshop (Wiener Werkstätte, 1903) is mainly to mention Adolf Loos, with the Loos House at the square Michaelerplatz (1909-11) making architectural history. The extravagant marble cladding of the business zone stands in maximal contrast, derived from the building function, to the unadorned facade above, whereby its "nudity" became even more obvious - a provocation, as well as his culture-critical texts ("Ornament and Crime"), with which he had greatest impact on the architecture of the 20th century. Public contracts Loos remained denied. His major works therefore include villas, apartment facilities and premises as the still in original state preserved Tailor salon Knize at Graben (1910-13) and the restored Loos Bar (1908-09) near the Kärntner Straße (passageway Kärntner Durchgang).
Between the Wars: International Modern Age and social housing
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, Vienna became capital of the newly formed small country of Austria. In the heart of the city, the architects Theiss & Jaksch built 1931-32 the first skyscraper in Vienna as an exclusive residential address (Herrengasse - alley 6-8). To combat the housing shortage for the general population, the social democratic city government in a globally unique building program within a few years 60,000 apartments in hundreds of apartment buildings throughout the city area had built, including the famous Karl Marx-Hof by Karl Ehn (1925-30). An alternative to the multi-storey buildings with the 1932 opened International Werkbundsiedlung was presented, which was attended by 31 architects from Austria, Germany, France, Holland and the USA and showed models for affordable housing in greenfield areas. With buildings of Adolf Loos, André Lurçat, Richard Neutra, Gerrit Rietveld, the Werkbundsiedlung, which currently is being restored at great expense, is one of the most important documents of modern architecture in Austria.
Modernism was also expressed in significant Villa buildings: The House Beer (1929-31) by Josef Frank exemplifies the refined Wiener living culture of the interwar period, while the house Stonborough-Wittgenstein (1926-28, today Bulgarian Cultural Institute), built by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein together with the architect Paul Engelmann for his sister Margarete, by its aesthetic radicalism and mathematical rigor represents a special case within contemporary architecture.
Expulsion, war and reconstruction
After the "Anschluss (Annexation)" to the German Reich in 1938, numerous Jewish builders, architects (female and male ones), who had been largely responsible for the high level of Viennese architecture, have been expelled from Austria. During the Nazi era, Vienna remained largely unaffected by structural transformations, apart from the six flak towers built for air defense of Friedrich Tamms (1942-45), made of solid reinforced concrete which today are present as memorials in the cityscape.
The years after the end of World War II were characterized by the reconstruction of the by bombs heavily damaged city. The architecture of those times was marked by aesthetic pragmatism, but also by the attempt to connect with the period before 1938 and pick up on current international trends. Among the most important buildings of the 1950s are Roland Rainer's City Hall (1952-58), the by Oswald Haerdtl erected Wien Museum at Karlsplatz (1954-59) and the 21er Haus of Karl Schwanzer (1958-62).
The youngsters come
Since the 1960s, a young generation was looking for alternatives to the moderate modernism of the reconstruction years. With visionary designs, conceptual, experimental and above all temporary architectures, interventions and installations, Raimund Abraham, Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth, Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler and the groups Coop Himmelb(l)au, Haus-Rucker-Co and Missing Link rapidly got international attention. Although for the time being it was more designed than built, was the influence on the postmodern and deconstructivist trends of the 1970s and 1980s also outside Austria great. Hollein's futuristic "Retti" candle shop at Charcoal Market/Kohlmarkt (1964-65) and Domenig's biomorphic building of the Central Savings Bank in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna - 1975-79) are among the earliest examples, later Hollein's Haas-Haus (1985-90), the loft conversion Falkestraße (1987/88) by Coop Himmelb(l)au or Domenig's T Center (2002-04) were added. Especially Domenig, Hollein, Coop Himmelb(l)au and the architects Ortner & Ortner (ancient members of Haus-Rucker-Co) by orders from abroad the new Austrian and Viennese architecture made a fixed international concept.
MuseumQuarter and Gasometer
Since the 1980s, the focus of building in Vienna lies on the compaction of the historic urban fabric that now as urban habitat of high quality no longer is put in question. Among the internationally best known projects is the by Ortner & Ortner planned MuseumsQuartier in the former imperial stables (competition 1987, 1998-2001), which with institutions such as the MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art Foundation Ludwig, the Leopold Museum, the Kunsthalle Wien, the Architecture Center Vienna and the Zoom Children's Museum on a wordwide scale is under the largest cultural complexes. After controversies in the planning phase, here an architectural compromise between old and new has been achieved at the end, whose success as an urban stage with four million visitors (2012) is overwhelming.
The dialogue between old and new, which has to stand on the agenda of building culture of a city that is so strongly influenced by history, also features the reconstruction of the Gasometer in Simmering by Coop Himmelb(l)au, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Jean Nouvel and Manfred Wehdorn (1999-2001). Here was not only created new housing, but also a historical industrial monument reinterpreted into a signal in the urban development area.
New Neighborhood
In recent years, the major railway stations and their surroundings moved into the focus of planning. Here not only necessary infrastructural measures were taken, but at the same time opened up spacious inner-city residential areas and business districts. Among the prestigious projects are included the construction of the new Vienna Central Station, started in 2010 with the surrounding office towers of the Quartier Belvedere and the residential and school buildings of the Midsummer quarter (Sonnwendviertel). Europe's largest wooden tower invites here for a spectacular view to the construction site and the entire city. On the site of the former North Station are currently being built 10,000 homes and 20,000 jobs, on that of the Aspangbahn station is being built at Europe's greatest Passive House settlement "Euro Gate", the area of the North Western Railway Station is expected to be developed from 2020 for living and working. The largest currently under construction residential project but can be found in the north-eastern outskirts, where in Seaside Town Aspern till 2028 living and working space for 40,000 people will be created.
In one of the "green lungs" of Vienna, the Prater, 2013, the WU campus was opened for the largest University of Economics of Europe. Around the central square spectacular buildings of an international architect team from Great Britain, Japan, Spain and Austria are gathered that seem to lead a sometimes very loud conversation about the status quo of contemporary architecture (Hitoshi Abe, BUSarchitektur, Peter Cook, Zaha Hadid, NO MAD Arquitectos, Carme Pinós).
Flying high
International is also the number of architects who have inscribed themselves in the last few years with high-rise buildings in the skyline of Vienna and make St. Stephen's a not always unproblematic competition. Visible from afar is Massimiliano Fuksas' 138 and 127 meters high elegant Twin Tower at Wienerberg (1999-2001). The monolithic, 75-meter-high tower of the Hotel Sofitel at the Danube Canal by Jean Nouvel (2007-10), on the other hand, reacts to the particular urban situation and stages in its top floor new perspectives to the historical center on the other side.
Also at the water stands Dominique Perrault's DC Tower (2010-13) in the Danube City - those high-rise city, in which since the start of construction in 1996, the expansion of the city north of the Danube is condensed symbolically. Even in this environment, the slim and at the same time striking vertically folded tower of Perrault is beyond all known dimensions; from its Sky Bar, from spring 2014 on you are able to enjoy the highest view of Vienna. With 250 meters, the tower is the tallest building of Austria and almost twice as high as the St. Stephen's Cathedral. Vienna, thus, has acquired a new architectural landmark which cannot be overlooked - whether it also has the potential to become a landmark of the new Vienna, only time will tell. The architectural history of Vienna, where European history is presence and new buildings enter into an exciting and not always conflict-free dialogue with a great and outstanding architectural heritage, in any case has yet to offer exciting chapters.
Info: The folder "Architecture: From Art Nouveau to the Presence" is available at the Vienna Tourist Board and can be downloaded on www.wien.info/media/files/guide-architecture-in-wien.pdf.
H&E
Sacral mixed germ cell tumor (teratoma and yolk sac tumor)
Note the lacy, reticular growth pattern and islands of pale blue matrix
The small medieval village of Pican is perched on a 350 meters high hill in the Istrian hinterland, 10km south east of Pazin.
Inhabited by the Histri tribe in early prehistoric times and later on by the Romans naming it Petina, Pican has lost its past importance and nowadays counts just 300 inhabitants.
WHY TO COME ?
Pican is interesting for people searching for relaxation in its old houses of interesting architecture surrounded by the charming countryside that offers numerous opportunities for hiking, cycling and other outdoors activities.
WHAT TO SEE
Unfortunately, the only visible evidence of the Roman presence is the inscription on the stone incorporated in the doorpost of the house facing the bell tower. Erected in 1872 this 48 meters high campanile that dominates the place is the third tallest in Istria.
In the Middle Ages, the town was encircled by defensive walls that are preserved partially because, over time, they were mutilated by houses built on top of them. However, the main town gate, constructed at the turn of the fourteenth into the fifteenth century and renovated in the 17th century is well conserved.
The fact that Pican was the administrative centre of central Istria as well as Bishopric seat confirms the significance it once had. The Diocese of Pican established in the fifth century by Byzantium was one of the oldest and smallest dioceses in the world that survived until the eighteenth century(1788). Although small, thanks to its role in the past Pican has conserved a couple of interesting sacral edifices.
CHURCH OF ST. ROCK
Before you enter the town on the left side of the main gate there is the small Church of St. Roch dedicated to the patron saint of people afflicted by the plague or other infectious diseases. Its foundation stone was laid in the beginning of the 17th century during one of the most severe plague epidemics.
The park in front of the main gate to Pićan hosts the sculpture of St. John Nepomucene built in 1714.
CHURCH of ST. MICHAEL
The tiny Romanesque Church of St. Michael from the 13th century is situated at the top of 365 meters high Calvary Hill (Kalvarija), next to the cemetery. The interior of this single-nave building is decorated with valuable Gothic frescoes from the first half of the 15th century that were enriched by the Glagolitic engravings during the 15th and 16th centuries. Being located on a hilltop, its natural viewpoint offers a spectacular view of the surrounding area. In addition, this beautiful view was embellished by the stone sculpture The Family by Nane Zavagno, who took part in the Mediterranean Sculpture Symposium at Dubrova near Labin.
THE CHURCH OF THE ANNOUNCIATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
This parish church was built on the foundations of a former cathedral of St. Nikifor from the 14th century. The main nave of the old Medieval church was expanded in 1613 but it acquired its current external form after its thorough modification between 1753 and 1771. Its interior was also redecorated in baroque style and the main altar is adorned with a painting of The Annunciation by Valentin Metzinger. Tombs of the bishops of Pićan and other meritorious citizens of Pićan, decorated with relief and coats of arms, are placed under the church floor and the plateau in front of the church. Also, the notes of the “Pican's mess” celebrated in Old Church Slavon by the Glagolitic priests that is performed even nowadays are found there. Its bell tower stands separate from the church and offers a splendid view of the Istrian countryside.
BIRTHPLACE of Matko Brajša Rašan
Pican is also the birth place of Matko Brajsa Rasan (1859. – 1934.), choir master, recorder of old Istrian melodies whose birth home is located opposite the parish church. In 1912, he also composed the current official Istrian anthem Krasna zemljo after the lyrics of Ivan Cukon.
VIEWPOINTS
Whole Pican has beautiful views of the Istrian countryside but the most beautiful view is from the church of St. Michael.
The Franz Ferdinand's Viewpoint situated in front of the cathedral offers an unobstructed view over the undulating landscape of central Istria.
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Pican, Petina, Petinum, Pedena, Penna, Biben, Pyben, Piben, Piebn, Piebnn, Pitchann....
Što se krije u imenu? Ponekad nije jednostavno u povijesnim izvorima slijediti tragove Pićna jer se on krije pod najrazličitijim imenima. Porijeklo imena Petina neki pripisuju pretpostavci da je Pićanska biskupija bila peta po redu u svijetu pri čemu u riječi pet vide keltski korijen.
Pićan je zasigurno naseljen u dalekoj prapovijesti. Najstariji dijelovi histarske gradine nalazili su se na brdu Kalvarija (13), sjevernije od današnjeg naselja, a zatim se pretpostavlja da tu živi keltsko pleme Secusa. U rimsko se doba, vjerojatno na istom strateški dobro odabranom mjestu, nalazilo vojno uporište i naselje Petina.
Ima autora koji su baš uz Pićan vezivali i naziv Pucinum kojim i Plinije i Ptolomej nazivaju utvrdu u unutrašnjosti Istre koja je i na rimskom dvoru bila poznata po posebno dobrom vinu. Žena cara Augusta, Livia, vjerovala je da svoju dugovječnost duguje baš činjenici da pije isključivo to vino. Jedini danas vidljivi trag rimske prisutnosti je natpis na kamenu ugrađen u dovratnik kuće nasuprot zvonika ( 4) koji spominje nekog Lucia Caonalia iz porodice Pupinia koju nalazimo i drugdje u Istri (Kringa, Pula, Poreč, Kopar, Trst).
U doba vladavine Bizanta Pićan je bio administrativno središte središnjeg dijela Istre. Od kasne antike pa sve do kraja XVIII stoljeća u Pićnu je sjedište istoimene biskupije, jedne od najstarijih ali i najmanjih u kršćanskom svijetu uopće.
Uz nastanak Pićanske biskupije i uz njenog zaštitnika Sv. Nicefora vezane su brojne međusobno isključive i često isprepletene legende. Snalaženje nam dodatno otežava činjenica da su sa Pićnom zapravo povezana dva Nicefora - Sv. Nicefor mučenik i Sv. Nicefor biskup.
Legenda o svetom Niceforu mučeniku kaže kako je rimski car car Konstantin Veliki (prvi koji je priznao i poticao kršćanstvo i koji je sagradio novo središte carstva - Konstantinopolj, kasnije Carigrad) dao tjelesne ostatke svetog Nicefora iz Antiohije postaviti na lađu u Carigradu i naredio da se na mjestu gdje se lađa sama zaustavi ima ovom svecu posvetiti crkva. Po proširenoj verziji je svečevo tijelo nakon pristajanja uz obalu Istre postavljeno na konja koji je pušten i zaustavio se baš - u Pićnu.
Legenda o svetom Niceforu biskupu i trnoplesarima -
Po toj je legendi Nicefor bio pićanski biskup (u nekim verzijama prvi pićanski biskup i osnivač biskupije) kojeg su Pićanci tužili akvilejskom patrijarhu zbog navodno nećudorednog života, jer je živio sa svojom nećakom. Kako bi ih odvratio od optužbi i dokazao svoje božje poslanje Nicefor im ponudi da udarcem štapa o neplodno i dračom obraslo tlo otvori izvor pitke vode. Pićanci to odbiju, pravdajući se da im je potrebnija drača koju kasnije koriste u svojim vinogradima. On na to uzvrati riječima: da Bog da bosi po trnju plesali zbog čega se za Pićance do dana današnjeg uvriježio naziv -trnoplesari. A umjesto u Pićnu, Nicefor na putu ka patrijarhu u Akvileju stvori izvore u Gračišću, Krbunama, Buzetu, Trstu i drugdje. Došavši pred patrijarha ne imade gdje objesiti svoj plašt, već ga zatakne o zraku sunca što je provirila u prostoriju i taj je znak bio dovoljan da ga se oslobodi svih optužbi.
Na povratku Nicefor umire, te mu se tjelesni ostaci čuvaju u Umagu sve do 1379. kada ih otimaju Genovežani. Ipak, po svečevoj želji, u znak oprosta je u Pićan poslana njegova desnica koja se i danas čuva u Katedrali.
Očito su pićanski biskupi i sami pokušali razriješiti proturječja oko svoja dva istoimena sveca, pa biskup Antonio Marenzi (1635-1646) piše o njihovom životu i knjigu. Prilikom rekonstrukcije katedrale su tako kipovi obojice svetaca postavljeni na njeno pročelje, a zajedno su prikazani i na slici na oltaru Sv. Nicefora, pri čemu Nicefor ranokršćanski mučenik i zaštitnik Pićanske biskupije u rukama drži maketu Pićna.
U srednjem vijeku, ne samo crkvenu, već i svjetovnu vlast u Pićnu imaju Akvilejski patrijarsi, nakon čega Pićan biva uključen u pazinski posjed kojim upravlja Majnard Črnogradski. Dok su se obalni istarski gradovi jedan po jedan postepeno priklanjali Veneciji, Pićan je zajedno s Pazinom i okolicom imao potpuno drugačiju sudbinu. Ženidbom Majnardove nasljednice grofice Matilde Pazinske za Goričkog grofa Engelberta Pićan postaje krajem XII stoljeća sastavnim djelom njihove Grafschaft Ysterreich koja 1374. pod imenom Pazinska knežija temeljem ugovora o naslijeđivanju postaje privatno vlasništvo porodice Habsburg. Oni čitavu knežiju najradije daju u kratkoročne zakupe sad jednom, sad drugom plemiću, u čije ime posjedom upravljaju kapetani, a Habsburzi (i) tim novcem financiraju svoj uspon na carsko prijestolje. Tužna polumilenijska podjela Istre na austrijski i venecijanski dio, prožeta čestim surovim sukobima dva svadljiva susjeda, upadima Turaka i epidemijama kuge, završila je tek padom Venecije i dolaskom Napoleona.
U parku pred ulazom u Pićan, baš kao i u susjednom Gračišću ili u Tinjanu nalazi se kip Sv. Ivana Nepomuka, češkog sveca, zaštitnika kraljica, mostova, ispovjednih tajni i zaštitnika protiv poplava, sagrađen 1714. Vjerojatno je i Pićan na ulazu u grad nekada imao pokretni most. Nedaleko njega spomenik je Pićancima nastradalima u II svjetskom ratu (10), a na nešto sniženom terenu uz park nalazi se crkvica Sv. Roka, zaštitnika od kuge (11) kojoj je kamen temeljac postavio biskup Gašpar Bobek (1631.-1634.) u jeku jedne od najvećih epidemija kuge. U stari dio Pićna ulazimo kroz monumentalna gradska vrata koja potječu iz 14. stoljeća, a obnovljena su 1613. za biskupa Antonia Zara (1601. -1621.). Zahvaljujući bliskoj vezi sa nadvojvodom Ferdinandom Zara je već sa 27 godina od običnog klerika postao biskup Pićna. U Pićnu je napisao svoje životno djelo, svojevrsnu filozofsku enciklopediju pod naslovom Anatomia ingeniorum et scientiarum sectionibus quattuor comprehensa koja je tiskana u Veneciji 1615. Ostati će zapamćen kao prvi talijanski mislilac koji se odvojio od skolastičke filozofije. Zara je obnovio i biskupsku palaču, a započeo je i gradnju nove katedrale. Međutim, već su 1653. i katedrala i biskupski dvor opustošeni u najvećoj buni kmetova u Istri. Pritisnuti novim davanima koja su uvedena zbog podmirivanja dugova Knežije prema Kranjskoj a naročito zbog surovosti predstavnika kranjske pokrajinske uprave Hanibala Bottoni-a, oko tri tisuće ljudi iz čitave Knežije se okupilo 06. srpnja u Gračišću i krenulo na Pićan pod vodstvom Mate Bolka. Razvalili su gradska vrata i provalili u katedralu, u biskupski dvor i kuće kanonika, te na licu mjesta presudili Bottoni-u i njegovom kancelaru.
Pićanski zvonik od bijelog vapnenca sagrađen je 1872. Osim što je sa svojih 48 metara među najvišima u Istri, mnogi ga drže i najljepšim. U podnožju zvonika i danas stoji kamena mjera kojom su se mjerila davanja podanika.
Župna crkva Navještenja Blažene Djevice Marije je današnji vanjski oblik dobila preuređenjem 1753., a unutrašnjost je barokizirana za vrijeme posljednjeg pićanskog biskupa Piccardia (1766 1784). Kao što i dolikuje katedrali, u vlasništvu crkve je brojni vrijedan inventar, a ističe se zlatom protkani biskupski plašt, poklon carice Marija Terezija. Reljefima i grbovima ukrašene grobnice pićanskih biskupa, ali i zaslužnih građana Pićna ugrađene su u pod crkve i u plato ispred crkve.
Vidikovac Franje Ferdinanda - Pogled sa ovog mjesta na brdovit krajolik središnje Istre, kao i poseban okus pićanskog vina koje mu je ponudio župnik, uvjerili su austrijskog prijestolonasljednika Franju Ferdinanda, da slijedeći put u Pićan mora doći u pratnji žene Sofije, strastvene slikarice, kako bi ovjekovječila prizor. Ta mu se želja na žalost nije ostvarila jer su oboje nedugo zatim nastradali u atentatu u Sarajevu 1914.
Nasuprot župne crkve nalazi se rodna kuća Matka Brajše Rašana zborovođe, zapisivača istarskih narodnih napjeva i skladatelja koji je 1912. na tekst Ivana Cukona skladao današnju službenu istarsku himnu Krasna zemljo. Manje je poznato da je još jedna važna muzička lićnost vezana uz Pićan. Radi se o slovencu Jurju Slatkonji osnivaču i voditelju Bečkog dvorskog orkestra i kasnijem prvom bečkom biskupu, koji se u Pićnu spominje od 1506. kao administrator biskupije, a 1513 kao biskup.
Od trga ispred crkve možemo nastaviti ulicom prema zapadu uz zgradu u kojoj je od 1914. do 1918. djelovala Narodna čitaonica. Kroz mali prolaz možemo izaći desno u vrtove kako bi vidjeli najsačuvaniji dio gradskih zidina.
Na suprotnom kraju Pićna preporučamo posjetiti vidikovac Svete Jelene nazvan po istoimenoj crkvici koja je nekada bila na tom mjestu. U tom dijelu naselja ima još napuštenih starih kuća zanimljive arhitekture, sa rustikalnim nadvratnicima i stepeništima ponekad uklesanim u živu stijenu, koje tek čekaju da im se udahne novi život.
Za kraj posjete Pićnu preporučamo jednobrodnu romaničku crkvicu Svetog Mihovila iz XIII stoljeća koja se nalazi na susjednom uzvišenju. Ona u svojoj unutrašnjosti krije vrijedne zidne slike iz prve polovine XV stoljeća, koje tek čekaju stručnu restauraciju. Nezaboravan pogled koji se pruža sa tog prirodnog vidikovca obogaćuje od 1999. kamena skulptura Obitelj talijanskog kipara Nane Zavagnea, sudionika Mediteranskog kiparskog simpozija u Dubrovi kraj Labina.
cit:
www.central-istria.com/hr/odredista-destinations/pican
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The fortified early Gothic church from the first half of the 14th century was built on the site of an older building. In the 15th century it was fortified with a wall and a wooden bell tower was built on the grounds in 1657. The single-nave space with a square-ended presbytery and a built-in sacristy has a painted cassette ceiling from 1758, the presbytery is characteristic by its rib vault. The mural paintings date back to the 60s of the 14th century and the creator of at least a part of them is the Master of Ochtiná presbytery. These interior frescoes were discovered in the early 20th century by I. Huszka who was restoring them in 1905. All the paintings, interior and exterior ones, were completely restored between 1983 and 1985 by J. Josefík, L. Székely and I. Žuch.
Within the almost intact medieval church, the murals have a uniquely strong impression and informative value, thanks to their scale and complexity of preservation. Thematically they focus on individual scenes from the Marian and the Passion cycle, but they do not have a uniform concept unlike the upper belt on the nave’s northern wall with a complete depiction of the St. Ladislaus legend.
The small medieval village of Pican is perched on a 350 meters high hill in the Istrian hinterland, 10km south east of Pazin.
Inhabited by the Histri tribe in early prehistoric times and later on by the Romans naming it Petina, Pican has lost its past importance and nowadays counts just 300 inhabitants.
WHY TO COME ?
Pican is interesting for people searching for relaxation in its old houses of interesting architecture surrounded by the charming countryside that offers numerous opportunities for hiking, cycling and other outdoors activities.
WHAT TO SEE
Unfortunately, the only visible evidence of the Roman presence is the inscription on the stone incorporated in the doorpost of the house facing the bell tower. Erected in 1872 this 48 meters high campanile that dominates the place is the third tallest in Istria.
In the Middle Ages, the town was encircled by defensive walls that are preserved partially because, over time, they were mutilated by houses built on top of them. However, the main town gate, constructed at the turn of the fourteenth into the fifteenth century and renovated in the 17th century is well conserved.
The fact that Pican was the administrative centre of central Istria as well as Bishopric seat confirms the significance it once had. The Diocese of Pican established in the fifth century by Byzantium was one of the oldest and smallest dioceses in the world that survived until the eighteenth century(1788). Although small, thanks to its role in the past Pican has conserved a couple of interesting sacral edifices.
CHURCH OF ST. ROCK
Before you enter the town on the left side of the main gate there is the small Church of St. Roch dedicated to the patron saint of people afflicted by the plague or other infectious diseases. Its foundation stone was laid in the beginning of the 17th century during one of the most severe plague epidemics.
The park in front of the main gate to Pićan hosts the sculpture of St. John Nepomucene built in 1714.
CHURCH of ST. MICHAEL
The tiny Romanesque Church of St. Michael from the 13th century is situated at the top of 365 meters high Calvary Hill (Kalvarija), next to the cemetery. The interior of this single-nave building is decorated with valuable Gothic frescoes from the first half of the 15th century that were enriched by the Glagolitic engravings during the 15th and 16th centuries. Being located on a hilltop, its natural viewpoint offers a spectacular view of the surrounding area. In addition, this beautiful view was embellished by the stone sculpture The Family by Nane Zavagno, who took part in the Mediterranean Sculpture Symposium at Dubrova near Labin.
THE CHURCH OF THE ANNOUNCIATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
This parish church was built on the foundations of a former cathedral of St. Nikifor from the 14th century. The main nave of the old Medieval church was expanded in 1613 but it acquired its current external form after its thorough modification between 1753 and 1771. Its interior was also redecorated in baroque style and the main altar is adorned with a painting of The Annunciation by Valentin Metzinger. Tombs of the bishops of Pićan and other meritorious citizens of Pićan, decorated with relief and coats of arms, are placed under the church floor and the plateau in front of the church. Also, the notes of the “Pican's mess” celebrated in Old Church Slavon by the Glagolitic priests that is performed even nowadays are found there. Its bell tower stands separate from the church and offers a splendid view of the Istrian countryside.
BIRTHPLACE of Matko Brajša Rašan
Pican is also the birth place of Matko Brajsa Rasan (1859. – 1934.), choir master, recorder of old Istrian melodies whose birth home is located opposite the parish church. In 1912, he also composed the current official Istrian anthem Krasna zemljo after the lyrics of Ivan Cukon.
VIEWPOINTS
Whole Pican has beautiful views of the Istrian countryside but the most beautiful view is from the church of St. Michael.
The Franz Ferdinand's Viewpoint situated in front of the cathedral offers an unobstructed view over the undulating landscape of central Istria.
-------------------------
Pican, Petina, Petinum, Pedena, Penna, Biben, Pyben, Piben, Piebn, Piebnn, Pitchann....
Što se krije u imenu? Ponekad nije jednostavno u povijesnim izvorima slijediti tragove Pićna jer se on krije pod najrazličitijim imenima. Porijeklo imena Petina neki pripisuju pretpostavci da je Pićanska biskupija bila peta po redu u svijetu pri čemu u riječi pet vide keltski korijen.
Pićan je zasigurno naseljen u dalekoj prapovijesti. Najstariji dijelovi histarske gradine nalazili su se na brdu Kalvarija (13), sjevernije od današnjeg naselja, a zatim se pretpostavlja da tu živi keltsko pleme Secusa. U rimsko se doba, vjerojatno na istom strateški dobro odabranom mjestu, nalazilo vojno uporište i naselje Petina.
Ima autora koji su baš uz Pićan vezivali i naziv Pucinum kojim i Plinije i Ptolomej nazivaju utvrdu u unutrašnjosti Istre koja je i na rimskom dvoru bila poznata po posebno dobrom vinu. Žena cara Augusta, Livia, vjerovala je da svoju dugovječnost duguje baš činjenici da pije isključivo to vino. Jedini danas vidljivi trag rimske prisutnosti je natpis na kamenu ugrađen u dovratnik kuće nasuprot zvonika ( 4) koji spominje nekog Lucia Caonalia iz porodice Pupinia koju nalazimo i drugdje u Istri (Kringa, Pula, Poreč, Kopar, Trst).
U doba vladavine Bizanta Pićan je bio administrativno središte središnjeg dijela Istre. Od kasne antike pa sve do kraja XVIII stoljeća u Pićnu je sjedište istoimene biskupije, jedne od najstarijih ali i najmanjih u kršćanskom svijetu uopće.
Uz nastanak Pićanske biskupije i uz njenog zaštitnika Sv. Nicefora vezane su brojne međusobno isključive i često isprepletene legende. Snalaženje nam dodatno otežava činjenica da su sa Pićnom zapravo povezana dva Nicefora - Sv. Nicefor mučenik i Sv. Nicefor biskup.
Legenda o svetom Niceforu mučeniku kaže kako je rimski car car Konstantin Veliki (prvi koji je priznao i poticao kršćanstvo i koji je sagradio novo središte carstva - Konstantinopolj, kasnije Carigrad) dao tjelesne ostatke svetog Nicefora iz Antiohije postaviti na lađu u Carigradu i naredio da se na mjestu gdje se lađa sama zaustavi ima ovom svecu posvetiti crkva. Po proširenoj verziji je svečevo tijelo nakon pristajanja uz obalu Istre postavljeno na konja koji je pušten i zaustavio se baš - u Pićnu.
Legenda o svetom Niceforu biskupu i trnoplesarima -
Po toj je legendi Nicefor bio pićanski biskup (u nekim verzijama prvi pićanski biskup i osnivač biskupije) kojeg su Pićanci tužili akvilejskom patrijarhu zbog navodno nećudorednog života, jer je živio sa svojom nećakom. Kako bi ih odvratio od optužbi i dokazao svoje božje poslanje Nicefor im ponudi da udarcem štapa o neplodno i dračom obraslo tlo otvori izvor pitke vode. Pićanci to odbiju, pravdajući se da im je potrebnija drača koju kasnije koriste u svojim vinogradima. On na to uzvrati riječima: da Bog da bosi po trnju plesali zbog čega se za Pićance do dana današnjeg uvriježio naziv -trnoplesari. A umjesto u Pićnu, Nicefor na putu ka patrijarhu u Akvileju stvori izvore u Gračišću, Krbunama, Buzetu, Trstu i drugdje. Došavši pred patrijarha ne imade gdje objesiti svoj plašt, već ga zatakne o zraku sunca što je provirila u prostoriju i taj je znak bio dovoljan da ga se oslobodi svih optužbi.
Na povratku Nicefor umire, te mu se tjelesni ostaci čuvaju u Umagu sve do 1379. kada ih otimaju Genovežani. Ipak, po svečevoj želji, u znak oprosta je u Pićan poslana njegova desnica koja se i danas čuva u Katedrali.
Očito su pićanski biskupi i sami pokušali razriješiti proturječja oko svoja dva istoimena sveca, pa biskup Antonio Marenzi (1635-1646) piše o njihovom životu i knjigu. Prilikom rekonstrukcije katedrale su tako kipovi obojice svetaca postavljeni na njeno pročelje, a zajedno su prikazani i na slici na oltaru Sv. Nicefora, pri čemu Nicefor ranokršćanski mučenik i zaštitnik Pićanske biskupije u rukama drži maketu Pićna.
U srednjem vijeku, ne samo crkvenu, već i svjetovnu vlast u Pićnu imaju Akvilejski patrijarsi, nakon čega Pićan biva uključen u pazinski posjed kojim upravlja Majnard Črnogradski. Dok su se obalni istarski gradovi jedan po jedan postepeno priklanjali Veneciji, Pićan je zajedno s Pazinom i okolicom imao potpuno drugačiju sudbinu. Ženidbom Majnardove nasljednice grofice Matilde Pazinske za Goričkog grofa Engelberta Pićan postaje krajem XII stoljeća sastavnim djelom njihove Grafschaft Ysterreich koja 1374. pod imenom Pazinska knežija temeljem ugovora o naslijeđivanju postaje privatno vlasništvo porodice Habsburg. Oni čitavu knežiju najradije daju u kratkoročne zakupe sad jednom, sad drugom plemiću, u čije ime posjedom upravljaju kapetani, a Habsburzi (i) tim novcem financiraju svoj uspon na carsko prijestolje. Tužna polumilenijska podjela Istre na austrijski i venecijanski dio, prožeta čestim surovim sukobima dva svadljiva susjeda, upadima Turaka i epidemijama kuge, završila je tek padom Venecije i dolaskom Napoleona.
U parku pred ulazom u Pićan, baš kao i u susjednom Gračišću ili u Tinjanu nalazi se kip Sv. Ivana Nepomuka, češkog sveca, zaštitnika kraljica, mostova, ispovjednih tajni i zaštitnika protiv poplava, sagrađen 1714. Vjerojatno je i Pićan na ulazu u grad nekada imao pokretni most. Nedaleko njega spomenik je Pićancima nastradalima u II svjetskom ratu (10), a na nešto sniženom terenu uz park nalazi se crkvica Sv. Roka, zaštitnika od kuge (11) kojoj je kamen temeljac postavio biskup Gašpar Bobek (1631.-1634.) u jeku jedne od najvećih epidemija kuge. U stari dio Pićna ulazimo kroz monumentalna gradska vrata koja potječu iz 14. stoljeća, a obnovljena su 1613. za biskupa Antonia Zara (1601. -1621.). Zahvaljujući bliskoj vezi sa nadvojvodom Ferdinandom Zara je već sa 27 godina od običnog klerika postao biskup Pićna. U Pićnu je napisao svoje životno djelo, svojevrsnu filozofsku enciklopediju pod naslovom Anatomia ingeniorum et scientiarum sectionibus quattuor comprehensa koja je tiskana u Veneciji 1615. Ostati će zapamćen kao prvi talijanski mislilac koji se odvojio od skolastičke filozofije. Zara je obnovio i biskupsku palaču, a započeo je i gradnju nove katedrale. Međutim, već su 1653. i katedrala i biskupski dvor opustošeni u najvećoj buni kmetova u Istri. Pritisnuti novim davanima koja su uvedena zbog podmirivanja dugova Knežije prema Kranjskoj a naročito zbog surovosti predstavnika kranjske pokrajinske uprave Hanibala Bottoni-a, oko tri tisuće ljudi iz čitave Knežije se okupilo 06. srpnja u Gračišću i krenulo na Pićan pod vodstvom Mate Bolka. Razvalili su gradska vrata i provalili u katedralu, u biskupski dvor i kuće kanonika, te na licu mjesta presudili Bottoni-u i njegovom kancelaru.
Pićanski zvonik od bijelog vapnenca sagrađen je 1872. Osim što je sa svojih 48 metara među najvišima u Istri, mnogi ga drže i najljepšim. U podnožju zvonika i danas stoji kamena mjera kojom su se mjerila davanja podanika.
Župna crkva Navještenja Blažene Djevice Marije je današnji vanjski oblik dobila preuređenjem 1753., a unutrašnjost je barokizirana za vrijeme posljednjeg pićanskog biskupa Piccardia (1766 1784). Kao što i dolikuje katedrali, u vlasništvu crkve je brojni vrijedan inventar, a ističe se zlatom protkani biskupski plašt, poklon carice Marija Terezija. Reljefima i grbovima ukrašene grobnice pićanskih biskupa, ali i zaslužnih građana Pićna ugrađene su u pod crkve i u plato ispred crkve.
Vidikovac Franje Ferdinanda - Pogled sa ovog mjesta na brdovit krajolik središnje Istre, kao i poseban okus pićanskog vina koje mu je ponudio župnik, uvjerili su austrijskog prijestolonasljednika Franju Ferdinanda, da slijedeći put u Pićan mora doći u pratnji žene Sofije, strastvene slikarice, kako bi ovjekovječila prizor. Ta mu se želja na žalost nije ostvarila jer su oboje nedugo zatim nastradali u atentatu u Sarajevu 1914.
Nasuprot župne crkve nalazi se rodna kuća Matka Brajše Rašana zborovođe, zapisivača istarskih narodnih napjeva i skladatelja koji je 1912. na tekst Ivana Cukona skladao današnju službenu istarsku himnu Krasna zemljo. Manje je poznato da je još jedna važna muzička lićnost vezana uz Pićan. Radi se o slovencu Jurju Slatkonji osnivaču i voditelju Bečkog dvorskog orkestra i kasnijem prvom bečkom biskupu, koji se u Pićnu spominje od 1506. kao administrator biskupije, a 1513 kao biskup.
Od trga ispred crkve možemo nastaviti ulicom prema zapadu uz zgradu u kojoj je od 1914. do 1918. djelovala Narodna čitaonica. Kroz mali prolaz možemo izaći desno u vrtove kako bi vidjeli najsačuvaniji dio gradskih zidina.
Na suprotnom kraju Pićna preporučamo posjetiti vidikovac Svete Jelene nazvan po istoimenoj crkvici koja je nekada bila na tom mjestu. U tom dijelu naselja ima još napuštenih starih kuća zanimljive arhitekture, sa rustikalnim nadvratnicima i stepeništima ponekad uklesanim u živu stijenu, koje tek čekaju da im se udahne novi život.
Za kraj posjete Pićnu preporučamo jednobrodnu romaničku crkvicu Svetog Mihovila iz XIII stoljeća koja se nalazi na susjednom uzvišenju. Ona u svojoj unutrašnjosti krije vrijedne zidne slike iz prve polovine XV stoljeća, koje tek čekaju stručnu restauraciju. Nezaboravan pogled koji se pruža sa tog prirodnog vidikovca obogaćuje od 1999. kamena skulptura Obitelj talijanskog kipara Nane Zavagnea, sudionika Mediteranskog kiparskog simpozija u Dubrovi kraj Labina.
cit:
www.central-istria.com/hr/odredista-destinations/pican
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Rimavské Brezovo, like many other municipalities in the region, is associated with mining history. The originally early Gothic church, towering over the silhouette of low village houses, used to be dedicated to the Birth of the Virgin Mary before the Reformation. The name of the village was given according to the first written historical reference from the year 1334 as Brezou and, for some time, it was also the county seat of Malohont. The single-nave church was probably built in the first half of the 14th century with a square-ended chancel and a rib vault. Due to the population increase connected with the establishment of iron works facility in the village at the end of the 18th century, the church capacity was insufficient. Therefore, the largest reconstruction of the temple was undertaken in 1893. The original sacristy on the northern side was demolished, the entrance was walled and the nave was extended southwards. The older chancel thus lost its role and started to be used as a sitting space. Thanks to this reconstruction, medieval murals were found under layers of lime paint and their restoration was then devoted to I. Möller and I. Huszek. Unfortunately the work was not always done in the most sparing way. Quality interior paintings in the original Gothic section are probably the work of artists from the workshop of the Master of Ochtiná chancel. The most striking element is Christ in Glory, the figure of the blessing Christ in the shining circle with the Sun and the Moon, depicted in the eastern part of the vault. The winged lion and the golden-winged eagle on the sides symbolize the evangelists Mark and John. Opposite to them are an angel and a winged bull as Matthew and Luke. The Marian theme is elaborated in two bands around the perimeter of the entire chancel. The lower band of the northern wall belongs to the depiction of the Death of the Virgin Mary, above this composition we find a quite unique, for this region, Italian-Byzantine motif of the Assumption with the figure of Christ in the mandorla. A small child stands on his knees as the soul of the Virgin Mary, the whole scene is held by four stylized angels. Beneath the Marian cycle, the entire perimeter of the walls is painted with a template ornament, into which the strip of four-leaf-shaped medallions with heads of prophets is inserted. This part of the paintings appears to be the least affected by the re-paintings and is preserved in a very good condition and in the original colours. On the walls of the nave, due to various building modifications, the frescoes were preserved only in fragments. The most intact frescoes are on the southern part of the triumphal arch: the Christ in a mandorla, a blessing angel, or St. Bartholomew, who was skinned alive, he carries the skin on a stick. Remnants of the Christological Cycle, such as the Christ carrying the cross or the Crucifixion, were preserved on the northern wall of the nave. The southern wall was largely destroyed during the redevelopment. However, research has revealed a depiction of St. Anne as a madonna with a child in her arms, with women carrying gifts in baskets walking into her direction. They also carry young pigeons to prepare a traditional strengthening soup for the fresh mother. This scene is very likely utterly unique on the territory of Slovakia. Comprehensive restoration and research were carried out in successive stages from 2005 till 2019, and the original approximately 700-year-old paving in the chancel was a valuable discovery as well. The restoration of the chancel was awarded by the main prize of the Cultural monument of the year 2012, the artworks were renewed by M. Janšto and R. Boroš. The church logo symbolically depicts a fresco of a young maiden attacked by devils in the hell from the church nave
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Kuppelgrab
Archäologische Stätte Mykene.
Mykene auf den Peloponnes / GRIECHENLAND /
Eingang zum „Schatzhaus des Atreus“, erbaut um 1250 v. Chr. in Mykene
Cheryl is well on her path...She wanted to open her back Chakra's up and decided that a henna session may help put that into motion... It was a wonderful session for both of us :0)
Der Überlinger Marienaltar im Münster. Er wurde von Jörg Zürn geschnitzt und 1619 beendet.
Infos durch rm35 in Flickr.
See in large size please.
High altar of the Holy Cross: panel paintings and predella reliefs by anonymous master from 1450-1460, over life size crucifixion (one of the best in Slovakia) by Master Paul of Levoča from around 1510, Virgin Mary by an unknown Kežmarok carver from the beginning of the 16th century (headwear is a later addition), St John and Mary Magdalene are from 17th century.
for educational purpose only
please do not use without permission
AMDG
The exploitation rights for this text are the property of the Vienna Tourist Board. This text may be reprinted free of charge until further notice, even partially and in edited form. Forward sample copy to: Vienna Tourist Board, Media Management, Invalidenstraße 6, 1030 Vienna; media.rel@wien.info. All information in this text without guarantee.
Author: Andreas Nierhaus, Curator of Architecture/Wien Museum
Last updated January 2014
Architecture in Vienna
Vienna's 2,000-year history is present in a unique density in the cityscape. The layout of the center dates back to the Roman city and medieval road network. Romanesque and Gothic churches characterize the streets and squares as well as palaces and mansions of the baroque city of residence. The ring road is an expression of the modern city of the 19th century, in the 20th century extensive housing developments set accents in the outer districts. Currently, large-scale urban development measures are implemented; distinctive buildings of international star architects complement the silhouette of the city.
Due to its function as residence of the emperor and European power center, Vienna for centuries stood in the focus of international attention, but it was well aware of that too. As a result, developed an outstanding building culture, and still today on a worldwide scale only a few cities can come up with a comparable density of high-quality architecture. For several years now, Vienna has increased its efforts to connect with its historical highlights and is drawing attention to itself with some spectacular new buildings. The fastest growing city in the German-speaking world today most of all in residential construction is setting standards. Constants of the Viennese architecture are respect for existing structures, the palpability of historical layers and the dialogue between old and new.
Culmination of medieval architecture: the Stephansdom
The oldest architectural landmark of the city is St. Stephen's Cathedral. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, defining the face of the city from the late 13th century until 1918 in a decisive way, the cathedral was upgraded into the sacral monument of the political ambitions of the ruling house. The 1433 completed, 137 meters high southern tower, by the Viennese people affectionately named "Steffl", is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture in Europe. For decades he was the tallest stone structure in Europe, until today he is the undisputed center of the city.
The baroque residence
Vienna's ascension into the ranks of the great European capitals began in Baroque. Among the most important architects are Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Outside the city walls arose a chain of summer palaces, including the garden Palais Schwarzenberg (1697-1704) as well as the Upper and Lower Belvedere of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1714-22). Among the most important city palaces are the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene (1695-1724, now a branch of the Belvedere) and the Palais Daun-Kinsky (auction house in Kinsky 1713-19). The emperor himself the Hofburg had complemented by buildings such as the Imperial Library (1722-26) and the Winter Riding School (1729-34). More important, however, for the Habsburgs was the foundation of churches and monasteries. Thus arose before the city walls Fischer von Erlach's Karlskirche (1714-39), which with its formal and thematic complex show façade belongs to the major works of European Baroque. In colored interior rooms like that of St. Peter's Church (1701-22), the contemporary efforts for the synthesis of architecture, painting and sculpture becomes visible.
Upgrading into metropolis: the ring road time (Ringstraßenzeit)
Since the Baroque, reflections on extension of the hopelessly overcrowed city were made, but only Emperor Franz Joseph ordered in 1857 the demolition of the fortifications and the connection of the inner city with the suburbs. 1865, the Ring Road was opened. It is as the most important boulevard of Europe an architectural and in terms of urban development achievement of the highest rank. The original building structure is almost completely preserved and thus conveys the authentic image of a metropolis of the 19th century. The public representational buildings speak, reflecting accurately the historicism, by their style: The Greek Antique forms of Theophil Hansen's Parliament (1871-83) stood for democracy, the Renaissance of the by Heinrich Ferstel built University (1873-84) for the flourishing of humanism, the Gothic of the Town Hall (1872-83) by Friedrich Schmidt for the medieval civic pride.
Dominating remained the buildings of the imperial family: Eduard van der Nüll's and August Sicardsburg's Opera House (1863-69), Gottfried Semper's and Carl Hasenauer's Burgtheater (1874-88), their Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History (1871-91) and the Neue (New) Hofburg (1881-1918 ). At the same time the ring road was the preferred residential area of mostly Jewish haute bourgeoisie. With luxurious palaces the families Ephrussi, Epstein or Todesco made it clear that they had taken over the cultural leadership role in Viennese society. In the framework of the World Exhibition of 1873, the new Vienna presented itself an international audience. At the ring road many hotels were opened, among them the Hotel Imperial and today's Palais Hansen Kempinski.
Laboratory of modernity: Vienna around 1900
Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06) was one of the last buildings in the Ring road area Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06), which with it façade, liberated of ornament, and only decorated with "functional" aluminum buttons and the glass banking hall now is one of the icons of modern architecture. Like no other stood Otto Wagner for the dawn into the 20th century: His Metropolitan Railway buildings made the public transport of the city a topic of architecture, the church of the Psychiatric hospital at Steinhofgründe (1904-07) is considered the first modern church.
With his consistent focus on the function of a building ("Something impractical can not be beautiful"), Wagner marked a whole generation of architects and made Vienna the laboratory of modernity: in addition to Joseph Maria Olbrich, the builder of the Secession (1897-98) and Josef Hoffmann, the architect of the at the western outskirts located Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904) and founder of the Vienna Workshop (Wiener Werkstätte, 1903) is mainly to mention Adolf Loos, with the Loos House at the square Michaelerplatz (1909-11) making architectural history. The extravagant marble cladding of the business zone stands in maximal contrast, derived from the building function, to the unadorned facade above, whereby its "nudity" became even more obvious - a provocation, as well as his culture-critical texts ("Ornament and Crime"), with which he had greatest impact on the architecture of the 20th century. Public contracts Loos remained denied. His major works therefore include villas, apartment facilities and premises as the still in original state preserved Tailor salon Knize at Graben (1910-13) and the restored Loos Bar (1908-09) near the Kärntner Straße (passageway Kärntner Durchgang).
Between the Wars: International Modern Age and social housing
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, Vienna became capital of the newly formed small country of Austria. In the heart of the city, the architects Theiss & Jaksch built 1931-32 the first skyscraper in Vienna as an exclusive residential address (Herrengasse - alley 6-8). To combat the housing shortage for the general population, the social democratic city government in a globally unique building program within a few years 60,000 apartments in hundreds of apartment buildings throughout the city area had built, including the famous Karl Marx-Hof by Karl Ehn (1925-30). An alternative to the multi-storey buildings with the 1932 opened International Werkbundsiedlung was presented, which was attended by 31 architects from Austria, Germany, France, Holland and the USA and showed models for affordable housing in greenfield areas. With buildings of Adolf Loos, André Lurçat, Richard Neutra, Gerrit Rietveld, the Werkbundsiedlung, which currently is being restored at great expense, is one of the most important documents of modern architecture in Austria.
Modernism was also expressed in significant Villa buildings: The House Beer (1929-31) by Josef Frank exemplifies the refined Wiener living culture of the interwar period, while the house Stonborough-Wittgenstein (1926-28, today Bulgarian Cultural Institute), built by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein together with the architect Paul Engelmann for his sister Margarete, by its aesthetic radicalism and mathematical rigor represents a special case within contemporary architecture.
Expulsion, war and reconstruction
After the "Anschluss (Annexation)" to the German Reich in 1938, numerous Jewish builders, architects (female and male ones), who had been largely responsible for the high level of Viennese architecture, have been expelled from Austria. During the Nazi era, Vienna remained largely unaffected by structural transformations, apart from the six flak towers built for air defense of Friedrich Tamms (1942-45), made of solid reinforced concrete which today are present as memorials in the cityscape.
The years after the end of World War II were characterized by the reconstruction of the by bombs heavily damaged city. The architecture of those times was marked by aesthetic pragmatism, but also by the attempt to connect with the period before 1938 and pick up on current international trends. Among the most important buildings of the 1950s are Roland Rainer's City Hall (1952-58), the by Oswald Haerdtl erected Wien Museum at Karlsplatz (1954-59) and the 21er Haus of Karl Schwanzer (1958-62).
The youngsters come
Since the 1960s, a young generation was looking for alternatives to the moderate modernism of the reconstruction years. With visionary designs, conceptual, experimental and above all temporary architectures, interventions and installations, Raimund Abraham, Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth, Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler and the groups Coop Himmelb(l)au, Haus-Rucker-Co and Missing Link rapidly got international attention. Although for the time being it was more designed than built, was the influence on the postmodern and deconstructivist trends of the 1970s and 1980s also outside Austria great. Hollein's futuristic "Retti" candle shop at Charcoal Market/Kohlmarkt (1964-65) and Domenig's biomorphic building of the Central Savings Bank in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna - 1975-79) are among the earliest examples, later Hollein's Haas-Haus (1985-90), the loft conversion Falkestraße (1987/88) by Coop Himmelb(l)au or Domenig's T Center (2002-04) were added. Especially Domenig, Hollein, Coop Himmelb(l)au and the architects Ortner & Ortner (ancient members of Haus-Rucker-Co) by orders from abroad the new Austrian and Viennese architecture made a fixed international concept.
MuseumQuarter and Gasometer
Since the 1980s, the focus of building in Vienna lies on the compaction of the historic urban fabric that now as urban habitat of high quality no longer is put in question. Among the internationally best known projects is the by Ortner & Ortner planned MuseumsQuartier in the former imperial stables (competition 1987, 1998-2001), which with institutions such as the MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art Foundation Ludwig, the Leopold Museum, the Kunsthalle Wien, the Architecture Center Vienna and the Zoom Children's Museum on a wordwide scale is under the largest cultural complexes. After controversies in the planning phase, here an architectural compromise between old and new has been achieved at the end, whose success as an urban stage with four million visitors (2012) is overwhelming.
The dialogue between old and new, which has to stand on the agenda of building culture of a city that is so strongly influenced by history, also features the reconstruction of the Gasometer in Simmering by Coop Himmelb(l)au, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Jean Nouvel and Manfred Wehdorn (1999-2001). Here was not only created new housing, but also a historical industrial monument reinterpreted into a signal in the urban development area.
New Neighborhood
In recent years, the major railway stations and their surroundings moved into the focus of planning. Here not only necessary infrastructural measures were taken, but at the same time opened up spacious inner-city residential areas and business districts. Among the prestigious projects are included the construction of the new Vienna Central Station, started in 2010 with the surrounding office towers of the Quartier Belvedere and the residential and school buildings of the Midsummer quarter (Sonnwendviertel). Europe's largest wooden tower invites here for a spectacular view to the construction site and the entire city. On the site of the former North Station are currently being built 10,000 homes and 20,000 jobs, on that of the Aspangbahn station is being built at Europe's greatest Passive House settlement "Euro Gate", the area of the North Western Railway Station is expected to be developed from 2020 for living and working. The largest currently under construction residential project but can be found in the north-eastern outskirts, where in Seaside Town Aspern till 2028 living and working space for 40,000 people will be created.
In one of the "green lungs" of Vienna, the Prater, 2013, the WU campus was opened for the largest University of Economics of Europe. Around the central square spectacular buildings of an international architect team from Great Britain, Japan, Spain and Austria are gathered that seem to lead a sometimes very loud conversation about the status quo of contemporary architecture (Hitoshi Abe, BUSarchitektur, Peter Cook, Zaha Hadid, NO MAD Arquitectos, Carme Pinós).
Flying high
International is also the number of architects who have inscribed themselves in the last few years with high-rise buildings in the skyline of Vienna and make St. Stephen's a not always unproblematic competition. Visible from afar is Massimiliano Fuksas' 138 and 127 meters high elegant Twin Tower at Wienerberg (1999-2001). The monolithic, 75-meter-high tower of the Hotel Sofitel at the Danube Canal by Jean Nouvel (2007-10), on the other hand, reacts to the particular urban situation and stages in its top floor new perspectives to the historical center on the other side.
Also at the water stands Dominique Perrault's DC Tower (2010-13) in the Danube City - those high-rise city, in which since the start of construction in 1996, the expansion of the city north of the Danube is condensed symbolically. Even in this environment, the slim and at the same time striking vertically folded tower of Perrault is beyond all known dimensions; from its Sky Bar, from spring 2014 on you are able to enjoy the highest view of Vienna. With 250 meters, the tower is the tallest building of Austria and almost twice as high as the St. Stephen's Cathedral. Vienna, thus, has acquired a new architectural landmark which cannot be overlooked - whether it also has the potential to become a landmark of the new Vienna, only time will tell. The architectural history of Vienna, where European history is presence and new buildings enter into an exciting and not always conflict-free dialogue with a great and outstanding architectural heritage, in any case has yet to offer exciting chapters.
Lucia Soppe used three of these from her large inventory during a Cranio Sacral treatment on the 8th of September
Parish church of the Holy Cross, Kežmarok, Spiš county, Slovakia
for educational purpose only
please do not use without permission
AMDG
The exploitation rights for this text are the property of the Vienna Tourist Board. This text may be reprinted free of charge until further notice, even partially and in edited form. Forward sample copy to: Vienna Tourist Board, Media Management, Invalidenstraße 6, 1030 Vienna; media.rel@wien.info. All information in this text without guarantee.
Author: Andreas Nierhaus, Curator of Architecture/Wien Museum
Last updated January 2014
Architecture in Vienna
Vienna's 2,000-year history is present in a unique density in the cityscape. The layout of the center dates back to the Roman city and medieval road network. Romanesque and Gothic churches characterize the streets and squares as well as palaces and mansions of the baroque city of residence. The ring road is an expression of the modern city of the 19th century, in the 20th century extensive housing developments set accents in the outer districts. Currently, large-scale urban development measures are implemented; distinctive buildings of international star architects complement the silhouette of the city.
Due to its function as residence of the emperor and European power center, Vienna for centuries stood in the focus of international attention, but it was well aware of that too. As a result, developed an outstanding building culture, and still today on a worldwide scale only a few cities can come up with a comparable density of high-quality architecture. For several years now, Vienna has increased its efforts to connect with its historical highlights and is drawing attention to itself with some spectacular new buildings. The fastest growing city in the German-speaking world today most of all in residential construction is setting standards. Constants of the Viennese architecture are respect for existing structures, the palpability of historical layers and the dialogue between old and new.
Culmination of medieval architecture: the Stephansdom
The oldest architectural landmark of the city is St. Stephen's Cathedral. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, defining the face of the city from the late 13th century until 1918 in a decisive way, the cathedral was upgraded into the sacral monument of the political ambitions of the ruling house. The 1433 completed, 137 meters high southern tower, by the Viennese people affectionately named "Steffl", is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture in Europe. For decades he was the tallest stone structure in Europe, until today he is the undisputed center of the city.
The baroque residence
Vienna's ascension into the ranks of the great European capitals began in Baroque. Among the most important architects are Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Outside the city walls arose a chain of summer palaces, including the garden Palais Schwarzenberg (1697-1704) as well as the Upper and Lower Belvedere of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1714-22). Among the most important city palaces are the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene (1695-1724, now a branch of the Belvedere) and the Palais Daun-Kinsky (auction house in Kinsky 1713-19). The emperor himself the Hofburg had complemented by buildings such as the Imperial Library (1722-26) and the Winter Riding School (1729-34). More important, however, for the Habsburgs was the foundation of churches and monasteries. Thus arose before the city walls Fischer von Erlach's Karlskirche (1714-39), which with its formal and thematic complex show façade belongs to the major works of European Baroque. In colored interior rooms like that of St. Peter's Church (1701-22), the contemporary efforts for the synthesis of architecture, painting and sculpture becomes visible.
Upgrading into metropolis: the ring road time (Ringstraßenzeit)
Since the Baroque, reflections on extension of the hopelessly overcrowed city were made, but only Emperor Franz Joseph ordered in 1857 the demolition of the fortifications and the connection of the inner city with the suburbs. 1865, the Ring Road was opened. It is as the most important boulevard of Europe an architectural and in terms of urban development achievement of the highest rank. The original building structure is almost completely preserved and thus conveys the authentic image of a metropolis of the 19th century. The public representational buildings speak, reflecting accurately the historicism, by their style: The Greek Antique forms of Theophil Hansen's Parliament (1871-83) stood for democracy, the Renaissance of the by Heinrich Ferstel built University (1873-84) for the flourishing of humanism, the Gothic of the Town Hall (1872-83) by Friedrich Schmidt for the medieval civic pride.
Dominating remained the buildings of the imperial family: Eduard van der Nüll's and August Sicardsburg's Opera House (1863-69), Gottfried Semper's and Carl Hasenauer's Burgtheater (1874-88), their Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History (1871-91) and the Neue (New) Hofburg (1881-1918 ). At the same time the ring road was the preferred residential area of mostly Jewish haute bourgeoisie. With luxurious palaces the families Ephrussi, Epstein or Todesco made it clear that they had taken over the cultural leadership role in Viennese society. In the framework of the World Exhibition of 1873, the new Vienna presented itself an international audience. At the ring road many hotels were opened, among them the Hotel Imperial and today's Palais Hansen Kempinski.
Laboratory of modernity: Vienna around 1900
Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06) was one of the last buildings in the Ring road area Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06), which with it façade, liberated of ornament, and only decorated with "functional" aluminum buttons and the glass banking hall now is one of the icons of modern architecture. Like no other stood Otto Wagner for the dawn into the 20th century: His Metropolitan Railway buildings made the public transport of the city a topic of architecture, the church of the Psychiatric hospital at Steinhofgründe (1904-07) is considered the first modern church.
With his consistent focus on the function of a building ("Something impractical can not be beautiful"), Wagner marked a whole generation of architects and made Vienna the laboratory of modernity: in addition to Joseph Maria Olbrich, the builder of the Secession (1897-98) and Josef Hoffmann, the architect of the at the western outskirts located Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904) and founder of the Vienna Workshop (Wiener Werkstätte, 1903) is mainly to mention Adolf Loos, with the Loos House at the square Michaelerplatz (1909-11) making architectural history. The extravagant marble cladding of the business zone stands in maximal contrast, derived from the building function, to the unadorned facade above, whereby its "nudity" became even more obvious - a provocation, as well as his culture-critical texts ("Ornament and Crime"), with which he had greatest impact on the architecture of the 20th century. Public contracts Loos remained denied. His major works therefore include villas, apartment facilities and premises as the still in original state preserved Tailor salon Knize at Graben (1910-13) and the restored Loos Bar (1908-09) near the Kärntner Straße (passageway Kärntner Durchgang).
Between the Wars: International Modern Age and social housing
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, Vienna became capital of the newly formed small country of Austria. In the heart of the city, the architects Theiss & Jaksch built 1931-32 the first skyscraper in Vienna as an exclusive residential address (Herrengasse - alley 6-8). To combat the housing shortage for the general population, the social democratic city government in a globally unique building program within a few years 60,000 apartments in hundreds of apartment buildings throughout the city area had built, including the famous Karl Marx-Hof by Karl Ehn (1925-30). An alternative to the multi-storey buildings with the 1932 opened International Werkbundsiedlung was presented, which was attended by 31 architects from Austria, Germany, France, Holland and the USA and showed models for affordable housing in greenfield areas. With buildings of Adolf Loos, André Lurçat, Richard Neutra, Gerrit Rietveld, the Werkbundsiedlung, which currently is being restored at great expense, is one of the most important documents of modern architecture in Austria.
Modernism was also expressed in significant Villa buildings: The House Beer (1929-31) by Josef Frank exemplifies the refined Wiener living culture of the interwar period, while the house Stonborough-Wittgenstein (1926-28, today Bulgarian Cultural Institute), built by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein together with the architect Paul Engelmann for his sister Margarete, by its aesthetic radicalism and mathematical rigor represents a special case within contemporary architecture.
Expulsion, war and reconstruction
After the "Anschluss (Annexation)" to the German Reich in 1938, numerous Jewish builders, architects (female and male ones), who had been largely responsible for the high level of Viennese architecture, have been expelled from Austria. During the Nazi era, Vienna remained largely unaffected by structural transformations, apart from the six flak towers built for air defense of Friedrich Tamms (1942-45), made of solid reinforced concrete which today are present as memorials in the cityscape.
The years after the end of World War II were characterized by the reconstruction of the by bombs heavily damaged city. The architecture of those times was marked by aesthetic pragmatism, but also by the attempt to connect with the period before 1938 and pick up on current international trends. Among the most important buildings of the 1950s are Roland Rainer's City Hall (1952-58), the by Oswald Haerdtl erected Wien Museum at Karlsplatz (1954-59) and the 21er Haus of Karl Schwanzer (1958-62).
The youngsters come
Since the 1960s, a young generation was looking for alternatives to the moderate modernism of the reconstruction years. With visionary designs, conceptual, experimental and above all temporary architectures, interventions and installations, Raimund Abraham, Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth, Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler and the groups Coop Himmelb(l)au, Haus-Rucker-Co and Missing Link rapidly got international attention. Although for the time being it was more designed than built, was the influence on the postmodern and deconstructivist trends of the 1970s and 1980s also outside Austria great. Hollein's futuristic "Retti" candle shop at Charcoal Market/Kohlmarkt (1964-65) and Domenig's biomorphic building of the Central Savings Bank in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna - 1975-79) are among the earliest examples, later Hollein's Haas-Haus (1985-90), the loft conversion Falkestraße (1987/88) by Coop Himmelb(l)au or Domenig's T Center (2002-04) were added. Especially Domenig, Hollein, Coop Himmelb(l)au and the architects Ortner & Ortner (ancient members of Haus-Rucker-Co) by orders from abroad the new Austrian and Viennese architecture made a fixed international concept.
MuseumQuarter and Gasometer
Since the 1980s, the focus of building in Vienna lies on the compaction of the historic urban fabric that now as urban habitat of high quality no longer is put in question. Among the internationally best known projects is the by Ortner & Ortner planned MuseumsQuartier in the former imperial stables (competition 1987, 1998-2001), which with institutions such as the MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art Foundation Ludwig, the Leopold Museum, the Kunsthalle Wien, the Architecture Center Vienna and the Zoom Children's Museum on a wordwide scale is under the largest cultural complexes. After controversies in the planning phase, here an architectural compromise between old and new has been achieved at the end, whose success as an urban stage with four million visitors (2012) is overwhelming.
The dialogue between old and new, which has to stand on the agenda of building culture of a city that is so strongly influenced by history, also features the reconstruction of the Gasometer in Simmering by Coop Himmelb(l)au, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Jean Nouvel and Manfred Wehdorn (1999-2001). Here was not only created new housing, but also a historical industrial monument reinterpreted into a signal in the urban development area.
New Neighborhood
In recent years, the major railway stations and their surroundings moved into the focus of planning. Here not only necessary infrastructural measures were taken, but at the same time opened up spacious inner-city residential areas and business districts. Among the prestigious projects are included the construction of the new Vienna Central Station, started in 2010 with the surrounding office towers of the Quartier Belvedere and the residential and school buildings of the Midsummer quarter (Sonnwendviertel). Europe's largest wooden tower invites here for a spectacular view to the construction site and the entire city. On the site of the former North Station are currently being built 10,000 homes and 20,000 jobs, on that of the Aspangbahn station is being built at Europe's greatest Passive House settlement "Euro Gate", the area of the North Western Railway Station is expected to be developed from 2020 for living and working. The largest currently under construction residential project but can be found in the north-eastern outskirts, where in Seaside Town Aspern till 2028 living and working space for 40,000 people will be created.
In one of the "green lungs" of Vienna, the Prater, 2013, the WU campus was opened for the largest University of Economics of Europe. Around the central square spectacular buildings of an international architect team from Great Britain, Japan, Spain and Austria are gathered that seem to lead a sometimes very loud conversation about the status quo of contemporary architecture (Hitoshi Abe, BUSarchitektur, Peter Cook, Zaha Hadid, NO MAD Arquitectos, Carme Pinós).
Flying high
International is also the number of architects who have inscribed themselves in the last few years with high-rise buildings in the skyline of Vienna and make St. Stephen's a not always unproblematic competition. Visible from afar is Massimiliano Fuksas' 138 and 127 meters high elegant Twin Tower at Wienerberg (1999-2001). The monolithic, 75-meter-high tower of the Hotel Sofitel at the Danube Canal by Jean Nouvel (2007-10), on the other hand, reacts to the particular urban situation and stages in its top floor new perspectives to the historical center on the other side.
Also at the water stands Dominique Perrault's DC Tower (2010-13) in the Danube City - those high-rise city, in which since the start of construction in 1996, the expansion of the city north of the Danube is condensed symbolically. Even in this environment, the slim and at the same time striking vertically folded tower of Perrault is beyond all known dimensions; from its Sky Bar, from spring 2014 on you are able to enjoy the highest view of Vienna. With 250 meters, the tower is the tallest building of Austria and almost twice as high as the St. Stephen's Cathedral. Vienna, thus, has acquired a new architectural landmark which cannot be overlooked - whether it also has the potential to become a landmark of the new Vienna, only time will tell. The architectural history of Vienna, where European history is presence and new buildings enter into an exciting and not always conflict-free dialogue with a great and outstanding architectural heritage, in any case has yet to offer exciting chapters.
Info: The folder "Architecture: From Art Nouveau to the Presence" is available at the Vienna Tourist Board and can be downloaded on www.wien.info/media/files/guide-architecture-in-wien.pdf.
The small medieval village of Pican is perched on a 350 meters high hill in the Istrian hinterland, 10km south east of Pazin.
Inhabited by the Histri tribe in early prehistoric times and later on by the Romans naming it Petina, Pican has lost its past importance and nowadays counts just 300 inhabitants.
WHY TO COME ?
Pican is interesting for people searching for relaxation in its old houses of interesting architecture surrounded by the charming countryside that offers numerous opportunities for hiking, cycling and other outdoors activities.
WHAT TO SEE
Unfortunately, the only visible evidence of the Roman presence is the inscription on the stone incorporated in the doorpost of the house facing the bell tower. Erected in 1872 this 48 meters high campanile that dominates the place is the third tallest in Istria.
In the Middle Ages, the town was encircled by defensive walls that are preserved partially because, over time, they were mutilated by houses built on top of them. However, the main town gate, constructed at the turn of the fourteenth into the fifteenth century and renovated in the 17th century is well conserved.
The fact that Pican was the administrative centre of central Istria as well as Bishopric seat confirms the significance it once had. The Diocese of Pican established in the fifth century by Byzantium was one of the oldest and smallest dioceses in the world that survived until the eighteenth century(1788). Although small, thanks to its role in the past Pican has conserved a couple of interesting sacral edifices.
CHURCH OF ST. ROCK
Before you enter the town on the left side of the main gate there is the small Church of St. Roch dedicated to the patron saint of people afflicted by the plague or other infectious diseases. Its foundation stone was laid in the beginning of the 17th century during one of the most severe plague epidemics.
The park in front of the main gate to Pićan hosts the sculpture of St. John Nepomucene built in 1714.
CHURCH of ST. MICHAEL
The tiny Romanesque Church of St. Michael from the 13th century is situated at the top of 365 meters high Calvary Hill (Kalvarija), next to the cemetery. The interior of this single-nave building is decorated with valuable Gothic frescoes from the first half of the 15th century that were enriched by the Glagolitic engravings during the 15th and 16th centuries. Being located on a hilltop, its natural viewpoint offers a spectacular view of the surrounding area. In addition, this beautiful view was embellished by the stone sculpture The Family by Nane Zavagno, who took part in the Mediterranean Sculpture Symposium at Dubrova near Labin.
THE CHURCH OF THE ANNOUNCIATION OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY
This parish church was built on the foundations of a former cathedral of St. Nikifor from the 14th century. The main nave of the old Medieval church was expanded in 1613 but it acquired its current external form after its thorough modification between 1753 and 1771. Its interior was also redecorated in baroque style and the main altar is adorned with a painting of The Annunciation by Valentin Metzinger. Tombs of the bishops of Pićan and other meritorious citizens of Pićan, decorated with relief and coats of arms, are placed under the church floor and the plateau in front of the church. Also, the notes of the “Pican's mess” celebrated in Old Church Slavon by the Glagolitic priests that is performed even nowadays are found there. Its bell tower stands separate from the church and offers a splendid view of the Istrian countryside.
BIRTHPLACE of Matko Brajša Rašan
Pican is also the birth place of Matko Brajsa Rasan (1859. – 1934.), choir master, recorder of old Istrian melodies whose birth home is located opposite the parish church. In 1912, he also composed the current official Istrian anthem Krasna zemljo after the lyrics of Ivan Cukon.
VIEWPOINTS
Whole Pican has beautiful views of the Istrian countryside but the most beautiful view is from the church of St. Michael.
The Franz Ferdinand's Viewpoint situated in front of the cathedral offers an unobstructed view over the undulating landscape of central Istria.
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Pican, Petina, Petinum, Pedena, Penna, Biben, Pyben, Piben, Piebn, Piebnn, Pitchann....
Što se krije u imenu? Ponekad nije jednostavno u povijesnim izvorima slijediti tragove Pićna jer se on krije pod najrazličitijim imenima. Porijeklo imena Petina neki pripisuju pretpostavci da je Pićanska biskupija bila peta po redu u svijetu pri čemu u riječi pet vide keltski korijen.
Pićan je zasigurno naseljen u dalekoj prapovijesti. Najstariji dijelovi histarske gradine nalazili su se na brdu Kalvarija (13), sjevernije od današnjeg naselja, a zatim se pretpostavlja da tu živi keltsko pleme Secusa. U rimsko se doba, vjerojatno na istom strateški dobro odabranom mjestu, nalazilo vojno uporište i naselje Petina.
Ima autora koji su baš uz Pićan vezivali i naziv Pucinum kojim i Plinije i Ptolomej nazivaju utvrdu u unutrašnjosti Istre koja je i na rimskom dvoru bila poznata po posebno dobrom vinu. Žena cara Augusta, Livia, vjerovala je da svoju dugovječnost duguje baš činjenici da pije isključivo to vino. Jedini danas vidljivi trag rimske prisutnosti je natpis na kamenu ugrađen u dovratnik kuće nasuprot zvonika ( 4) koji spominje nekog Lucia Caonalia iz porodice Pupinia koju nalazimo i drugdje u Istri (Kringa, Pula, Poreč, Kopar, Trst).
U doba vladavine Bizanta Pićan je bio administrativno središte središnjeg dijela Istre. Od kasne antike pa sve do kraja XVIII stoljeća u Pićnu je sjedište istoimene biskupije, jedne od najstarijih ali i najmanjih u kršćanskom svijetu uopće.
Uz nastanak Pićanske biskupije i uz njenog zaštitnika Sv. Nicefora vezane su brojne međusobno isključive i često isprepletene legende. Snalaženje nam dodatno otežava činjenica da su sa Pićnom zapravo povezana dva Nicefora - Sv. Nicefor mučenik i Sv. Nicefor biskup.
Legenda o svetom Niceforu mučeniku kaže kako je rimski car car Konstantin Veliki (prvi koji je priznao i poticao kršćanstvo i koji je sagradio novo središte carstva - Konstantinopolj, kasnije Carigrad) dao tjelesne ostatke svetog Nicefora iz Antiohije postaviti na lađu u Carigradu i naredio da se na mjestu gdje se lađa sama zaustavi ima ovom svecu posvetiti crkva. Po proširenoj verziji je svečevo tijelo nakon pristajanja uz obalu Istre postavljeno na konja koji je pušten i zaustavio se baš - u Pićnu.
Legenda o svetom Niceforu biskupu i trnoplesarima -
Po toj je legendi Nicefor bio pićanski biskup (u nekim verzijama prvi pićanski biskup i osnivač biskupije) kojeg su Pićanci tužili akvilejskom patrijarhu zbog navodno nećudorednog života, jer je živio sa svojom nećakom. Kako bi ih odvratio od optužbi i dokazao svoje božje poslanje Nicefor im ponudi da udarcem štapa o neplodno i dračom obraslo tlo otvori izvor pitke vode. Pićanci to odbiju, pravdajući se da im je potrebnija drača koju kasnije koriste u svojim vinogradima. On na to uzvrati riječima: da Bog da bosi po trnju plesali zbog čega se za Pićance do dana današnjeg uvriježio naziv -trnoplesari. A umjesto u Pićnu, Nicefor na putu ka patrijarhu u Akvileju stvori izvore u Gračišću, Krbunama, Buzetu, Trstu i drugdje. Došavši pred patrijarha ne imade gdje objesiti svoj plašt, već ga zatakne o zraku sunca što je provirila u prostoriju i taj je znak bio dovoljan da ga se oslobodi svih optužbi.
Na povratku Nicefor umire, te mu se tjelesni ostaci čuvaju u Umagu sve do 1379. kada ih otimaju Genovežani. Ipak, po svečevoj želji, u znak oprosta je u Pićan poslana njegova desnica koja se i danas čuva u Katedrali.
Očito su pićanski biskupi i sami pokušali razriješiti proturječja oko svoja dva istoimena sveca, pa biskup Antonio Marenzi (1635-1646) piše o njihovom životu i knjigu. Prilikom rekonstrukcije katedrale su tako kipovi obojice svetaca postavljeni na njeno pročelje, a zajedno su prikazani i na slici na oltaru Sv. Nicefora, pri čemu Nicefor ranokršćanski mučenik i zaštitnik Pićanske biskupije u rukama drži maketu Pićna.
U srednjem vijeku, ne samo crkvenu, već i svjetovnu vlast u Pićnu imaju Akvilejski patrijarsi, nakon čega Pićan biva uključen u pazinski posjed kojim upravlja Majnard Črnogradski. Dok su se obalni istarski gradovi jedan po jedan postepeno priklanjali Veneciji, Pićan je zajedno s Pazinom i okolicom imao potpuno drugačiju sudbinu. Ženidbom Majnardove nasljednice grofice Matilde Pazinske za Goričkog grofa Engelberta Pićan postaje krajem XII stoljeća sastavnim djelom njihove Grafschaft Ysterreich koja 1374. pod imenom Pazinska knežija temeljem ugovora o naslijeđivanju postaje privatno vlasništvo porodice Habsburg. Oni čitavu knežiju najradije daju u kratkoročne zakupe sad jednom, sad drugom plemiću, u čije ime posjedom upravljaju kapetani, a Habsburzi (i) tim novcem financiraju svoj uspon na carsko prijestolje. Tužna polumilenijska podjela Istre na austrijski i venecijanski dio, prožeta čestim surovim sukobima dva svadljiva susjeda, upadima Turaka i epidemijama kuge, završila je tek padom Venecije i dolaskom Napoleona.
U parku pred ulazom u Pićan, baš kao i u susjednom Gračišću ili u Tinjanu nalazi se kip Sv. Ivana Nepomuka, češkog sveca, zaštitnika kraljica, mostova, ispovjednih tajni i zaštitnika protiv poplava, sagrađen 1714. Vjerojatno je i Pićan na ulazu u grad nekada imao pokretni most. Nedaleko njega spomenik je Pićancima nastradalima u II svjetskom ratu (10), a na nešto sniženom terenu uz park nalazi se crkvica Sv. Roka, zaštitnika od kuge (11) kojoj je kamen temeljac postavio biskup Gašpar Bobek (1631.-1634.) u jeku jedne od najvećih epidemija kuge. U stari dio Pićna ulazimo kroz monumentalna gradska vrata koja potječu iz 14. stoljeća, a obnovljena su 1613. za biskupa Antonia Zara (1601. -1621.). Zahvaljujući bliskoj vezi sa nadvojvodom Ferdinandom Zara je već sa 27 godina od običnog klerika postao biskup Pićna. U Pićnu je napisao svoje životno djelo, svojevrsnu filozofsku enciklopediju pod naslovom Anatomia ingeniorum et scientiarum sectionibus quattuor comprehensa koja je tiskana u Veneciji 1615. Ostati će zapamćen kao prvi talijanski mislilac koji se odvojio od skolastičke filozofije. Zara je obnovio i biskupsku palaču, a započeo je i gradnju nove katedrale. Međutim, već su 1653. i katedrala i biskupski dvor opustošeni u najvećoj buni kmetova u Istri. Pritisnuti novim davanima koja su uvedena zbog podmirivanja dugova Knežije prema Kranjskoj a naročito zbog surovosti predstavnika kranjske pokrajinske uprave Hanibala Bottoni-a, oko tri tisuće ljudi iz čitave Knežije se okupilo 06. srpnja u Gračišću i krenulo na Pićan pod vodstvom Mate Bolka. Razvalili su gradska vrata i provalili u katedralu, u biskupski dvor i kuće kanonika, te na licu mjesta presudili Bottoni-u i njegovom kancelaru.
Pićanski zvonik od bijelog vapnenca sagrađen je 1872. Osim što je sa svojih 48 metara među najvišima u Istri, mnogi ga drže i najljepšim. U podnožju zvonika i danas stoji kamena mjera kojom su se mjerila davanja podanika.
Župna crkva Navještenja Blažene Djevice Marije je današnji vanjski oblik dobila preuređenjem 1753., a unutrašnjost je barokizirana za vrijeme posljednjeg pićanskog biskupa Piccardia (1766 1784). Kao što i dolikuje katedrali, u vlasništvu crkve je brojni vrijedan inventar, a ističe se zlatom protkani biskupski plašt, poklon carice Marija Terezija. Reljefima i grbovima ukrašene grobnice pićanskih biskupa, ali i zaslužnih građana Pićna ugrađene su u pod crkve i u plato ispred crkve.
Vidikovac Franje Ferdinanda - Pogled sa ovog mjesta na brdovit krajolik središnje Istre, kao i poseban okus pićanskog vina koje mu je ponudio župnik, uvjerili su austrijskog prijestolonasljednika Franju Ferdinanda, da slijedeći put u Pićan mora doći u pratnji žene Sofije, strastvene slikarice, kako bi ovjekovječila prizor. Ta mu se želja na žalost nije ostvarila jer su oboje nedugo zatim nastradali u atentatu u Sarajevu 1914.
Nasuprot župne crkve nalazi se rodna kuća Matka Brajše Rašana zborovođe, zapisivača istarskih narodnih napjeva i skladatelja koji je 1912. na tekst Ivana Cukona skladao današnju službenu istarsku himnu Krasna zemljo. Manje je poznato da je još jedna važna muzička lićnost vezana uz Pićan. Radi se o slovencu Jurju Slatkonji osnivaču i voditelju Bečkog dvorskog orkestra i kasnijem prvom bečkom biskupu, koji se u Pićnu spominje od 1506. kao administrator biskupije, a 1513 kao biskup.
Od trga ispred crkve možemo nastaviti ulicom prema zapadu uz zgradu u kojoj je od 1914. do 1918. djelovala Narodna čitaonica. Kroz mali prolaz možemo izaći desno u vrtove kako bi vidjeli najsačuvaniji dio gradskih zidina.
Na suprotnom kraju Pićna preporučamo posjetiti vidikovac Svete Jelene nazvan po istoimenoj crkvici koja je nekada bila na tom mjestu. U tom dijelu naselja ima još napuštenih starih kuća zanimljive arhitekture, sa rustikalnim nadvratnicima i stepeništima ponekad uklesanim u živu stijenu, koje tek čekaju da im se udahne novi život.
Za kraj posjete Pićnu preporučamo jednobrodnu romaničku crkvicu Svetog Mihovila iz XIII stoljeća koja se nalazi na susjednom uzvišenju. Ona u svojoj unutrašnjosti krije vrijedne zidne slike iz prve polovine XV stoljeća, koje tek čekaju stručnu restauraciju. Nezaboravan pogled koji se pruža sa tog prirodnog vidikovca obogaćuje od 1999. kamena skulptura Obitelj talijanskog kipara Nane Zavagnea, sudionika Mediteranskog kiparskog simpozija u Dubrovi kraj Labina.
cit:
www.central-istria.com/hr/odredista-destinations/pican
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Reportage.
Luogo: Cossoine.
Le immagini sono sconsigliate a chi è vegetariano e a chi ha lo stomaco debole.
L'uccisione del maiale è un rito antico, quasi sacrale, dove il rosso del sangue si mischia a quello del vino.
An X-ray of the Sacrum (Sacral Spine, Upper Tailbone) evaluates the bones of the sacrum. Parts of the lower lumbar spine are also seen. This test can detect fractures, infection and tumors of the sacral spine.
Yemaya Bath Salt - African Goddess of Surrender - A releasing blend for balancing the Sacral Chakra 10 oz
ingredients contains pacific ocean sea salt, dead sea salt, dry yarrow leaves and therapeutic grade essential oils of ylang ylang, tangerine, geranium and sandalwood
AncientOils.etsy.com
Chakra Mandala Healing Art by Sharon Cummings
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Abstract Art by Sharon Cummings, Fine Artist. From Original Paintings and Designs. Buy Art Online. Colorful Abstract Wall Art. Abstract Landscapes, Flowers and more...
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