View allAll Photos Tagged sacral
The exploitation rights for this text are the property of the Vienna Tourist Board. This text may be reprinted free of charge until further notice, even partially and in edited form. Forward sample copy to: Vienna Tourist Board, Media Management, Invalidenstraße 6, 1030 Vienna; media.rel@wien.info. All information in this text without guarantee.
Author: Andreas Nierhaus, Curator of Architecture/Wien Museum
Last updated January 2014
Architecture in Vienna
Vienna's 2,000-year history is present in a unique density in the cityscape. The layout of the center dates back to the Roman city and medieval road network. Romanesque and Gothic churches characterize the streets and squares as well as palaces and mansions of the baroque city of residence. The ring road is an expression of the modern city of the 19th century, in the 20th century extensive housing developments set accents in the outer districts. Currently, large-scale urban development measures are implemented; distinctive buildings of international star architects complement the silhouette of the city.
Due to its function as residence of the emperor and European power center, Vienna for centuries stood in the focus of international attention, but it was well aware of that too. As a result, developed an outstanding building culture, and still today on a worldwide scale only a few cities can come up with a comparable density of high-quality architecture. For several years now, Vienna has increased its efforts to connect with its historical highlights and is drawing attention to itself with some spectacular new buildings. The fastest growing city in the German-speaking world today most of all in residential construction is setting standards. Constants of the Viennese architecture are respect for existing structures, the palpability of historical layers and the dialogue between old and new.
Culmination of medieval architecture: the Stephansdom
The oldest architectural landmark of the city is St. Stephen's Cathedral. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, defining the face of the city from the late 13th century until 1918 in a decisive way, the cathedral was upgraded into the sacral monument of the political ambitions of the ruling house. The 1433 completed, 137 meters high southern tower, by the Viennese people affectionately named "Steffl", is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture in Europe. For decades he was the tallest stone structure in Europe, until today he is the undisputed center of the city.
The baroque residence
Vienna's ascension into the ranks of the great European capitals began in Baroque. Among the most important architects are Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Outside the city walls arose a chain of summer palaces, including the garden Palais Schwarzenberg (1697-1704) as well as the Upper and Lower Belvedere of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1714-22). Among the most important city palaces are the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene (1695-1724, now a branch of the Belvedere) and the Palais Daun-Kinsky (auction house in Kinsky 1713-19). The emperor himself the Hofburg had complemented by buildings such as the Imperial Library (1722-26) and the Winter Riding School (1729-34). More important, however, for the Habsburgs was the foundation of churches and monasteries. Thus arose before the city walls Fischer von Erlach's Karlskirche (1714-39), which with its formal and thematic complex show façade belongs to the major works of European Baroque. In colored interior rooms like that of St. Peter's Church (1701-22), the contemporary efforts for the synthesis of architecture, painting and sculpture becomes visible.
Upgrading into metropolis: the ring road time (Ringstraßenzeit)
Since the Baroque, reflections on extension of the hopelessly overcrowed city were made, but only Emperor Franz Joseph ordered in 1857 the demolition of the fortifications and the connection of the inner city with the suburbs. 1865, the Ring Road was opened. It is as the most important boulevard of Europe an architectural and in terms of urban development achievement of the highest rank. The original building structure is almost completely preserved and thus conveys the authentic image of a metropolis of the 19th century. The public representational buildings speak, reflecting accurately the historicism, by their style: The Greek Antique forms of Theophil Hansen's Parliament (1871-83) stood for democracy, the Renaissance of the by Heinrich Ferstel built University (1873-84) for the flourishing of humanism, the Gothic of the Town Hall (1872-83) by Friedrich Schmidt for the medieval civic pride.
Dominating remained the buildings of the imperial family: Eduard van der Nüll's and August Sicardsburg's Opera House (1863-69), Gottfried Semper's and Carl Hasenauer's Burgtheater (1874-88), their Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History (1871-91) and the Neue (New) Hofburg (1881-1918 ). At the same time the ring road was the preferred residential area of mostly Jewish haute bourgeoisie. With luxurious palaces the families Ephrussi, Epstein or Todesco made it clear that they had taken over the cultural leadership role in Viennese society. In the framework of the World Exhibition of 1873, the new Vienna presented itself an international audience. At the ring road many hotels were opened, among them the Hotel Imperial and today's Palais Hansen Kempinski.
Laboratory of modernity: Vienna around 1900
Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06) was one of the last buildings in the Ring road area Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06), which with it façade, liberated of ornament, and only decorated with "functional" aluminum buttons and the glass banking hall now is one of the icons of modern architecture. Like no other stood Otto Wagner for the dawn into the 20th century: His Metropolitan Railway buildings made the public transport of the city a topic of architecture, the church of the Psychiatric hospital at Steinhofgründe (1904-07) is considered the first modern church.
With his consistent focus on the function of a building ("Something impractical can not be beautiful"), Wagner marked a whole generation of architects and made Vienna the laboratory of modernity: in addition to Joseph Maria Olbrich, the builder of the Secession (1897-98) and Josef Hoffmann, the architect of the at the western outskirts located Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904) and founder of the Vienna Workshop (Wiener Werkstätte, 1903) is mainly to mention Adolf Loos, with the Loos House at the square Michaelerplatz (1909-11) making architectural history. The extravagant marble cladding of the business zone stands in maximal contrast, derived from the building function, to the unadorned facade above, whereby its "nudity" became even more obvious - a provocation, as well as his culture-critical texts ("Ornament and Crime"), with which he had greatest impact on the architecture of the 20th century. Public contracts Loos remained denied. His major works therefore include villas, apartment facilities and premises as the still in original state preserved Tailor salon Knize at Graben (1910-13) and the restored Loos Bar (1908-09) near the Kärntner Straße (passageway Kärntner Durchgang).
Between the Wars: International Modern Age and social housing
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, Vienna became capital of the newly formed small country of Austria. In the heart of the city, the architects Theiss & Jaksch built 1931-32 the first skyscraper in Vienna as an exclusive residential address (Herrengasse - alley 6-8). To combat the housing shortage for the general population, the social democratic city government in a globally unique building program within a few years 60,000 apartments in hundreds of apartment buildings throughout the city area had built, including the famous Karl Marx-Hof by Karl Ehn (1925-30). An alternative to the multi-storey buildings with the 1932 opened International Werkbundsiedlung was presented, which was attended by 31 architects from Austria, Germany, France, Holland and the USA and showed models for affordable housing in greenfield areas. With buildings of Adolf Loos, André Lurçat, Richard Neutra, Gerrit Rietveld, the Werkbundsiedlung, which currently is being restored at great expense, is one of the most important documents of modern architecture in Austria.
Modernism was also expressed in significant Villa buildings: The House Beer (1929-31) by Josef Frank exemplifies the refined Wiener living culture of the interwar period, while the house Stonborough-Wittgenstein (1926-28, today Bulgarian Cultural Institute), built by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein together with the architect Paul Engelmann for his sister Margarete, by its aesthetic radicalism and mathematical rigor represents a special case within contemporary architecture.
Expulsion, war and reconstruction
After the "Anschluss (Annexation)" to the German Reich in 1938, numerous Jewish builders, architects (female and male ones), who had been largely responsible for the high level of Viennese architecture, have been expelled from Austria. During the Nazi era, Vienna remained largely unaffected by structural transformations, apart from the six flak towers built for air defense of Friedrich Tamms (1942-45), made of solid reinforced concrete which today are present as memorials in the cityscape.
The years after the end of World War II were characterized by the reconstruction of the by bombs heavily damaged city. The architecture of those times was marked by aesthetic pragmatism, but also by the attempt to connect with the period before 1938 and pick up on current international trends. Among the most important buildings of the 1950s are Roland Rainer's City Hall (1952-58), the by Oswald Haerdtl erected Wien Museum at Karlsplatz (1954-59) and the 21er Haus of Karl Schwanzer (1958-62).
The youngsters come
Since the 1960s, a young generation was looking for alternatives to the moderate modernism of the reconstruction years. With visionary designs, conceptual, experimental and above all temporary architectures, interventions and installations, Raimund Abraham, Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth, Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler and the groups Coop Himmelb(l)au, Haus-Rucker-Co and Missing Link rapidly got international attention. Although for the time being it was more designed than built, was the influence on the postmodern and deconstructivist trends of the 1970s and 1980s also outside Austria great. Hollein's futuristic "Retti" candle shop at Charcoal Market/Kohlmarkt (1964-65) and Domenig's biomorphic building of the Central Savings Bank in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna - 1975-79) are among the earliest examples, later Hollein's Haas-Haus (1985-90), the loft conversion Falkestraße (1987/88) by Coop Himmelb(l)au or Domenig's T Center (2002-04) were added. Especially Domenig, Hollein, Coop Himmelb(l)au and the architects Ortner & Ortner (ancient members of Haus-Rucker-Co) by orders from abroad the new Austrian and Viennese architecture made a fixed international concept.
MuseumQuarter and Gasometer
Since the 1980s, the focus of building in Vienna lies on the compaction of the historic urban fabric that now as urban habitat of high quality no longer is put in question. Among the internationally best known projects is the by Ortner & Ortner planned MuseumsQuartier in the former imperial stables (competition 1987, 1998-2001), which with institutions such as the MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art Foundation Ludwig, the Leopold Museum, the Kunsthalle Wien, the Architecture Center Vienna and the Zoom Children's Museum on a wordwide scale is under the largest cultural complexes. After controversies in the planning phase, here an architectural compromise between old and new has been achieved at the end, whose success as an urban stage with four million visitors (2012) is overwhelming.
The dialogue between old and new, which has to stand on the agenda of building culture of a city that is so strongly influenced by history, also features the reconstruction of the Gasometer in Simmering by Coop Himmelb(l)au, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Jean Nouvel and Manfred Wehdorn (1999-2001). Here was not only created new housing, but also a historical industrial monument reinterpreted into a signal in the urban development area.
New Neighborhood
In recent years, the major railway stations and their surroundings moved into the focus of planning. Here not only necessary infrastructural measures were taken, but at the same time opened up spacious inner-city residential areas and business districts. Among the prestigious projects are included the construction of the new Vienna Central Station, started in 2010 with the surrounding office towers of the Quartier Belvedere and the residential and school buildings of the Midsummer quarter (Sonnwendviertel). Europe's largest wooden tower invites here for a spectacular view to the construction site and the entire city. On the site of the former North Station are currently being built 10,000 homes and 20,000 jobs, on that of the Aspangbahn station is being built at Europe's greatest Passive House settlement "Euro Gate", the area of the North Western Railway Station is expected to be developed from 2020 for living and working. The largest currently under construction residential project but can be found in the north-eastern outskirts, where in Seaside Town Aspern till 2028 living and working space for 40,000 people will be created.
In one of the "green lungs" of Vienna, the Prater, 2013, the WU campus was opened for the largest University of Economics of Europe. Around the central square spectacular buildings of an international architect team from Great Britain, Japan, Spain and Austria are gathered that seem to lead a sometimes very loud conversation about the status quo of contemporary architecture (Hitoshi Abe, BUSarchitektur, Peter Cook, Zaha Hadid, NO MAD Arquitectos, Carme Pinós).
Flying high
International is also the number of architects who have inscribed themselves in the last few years with high-rise buildings in the skyline of Vienna and make St. Stephen's a not always unproblematic competition. Visible from afar is Massimiliano Fuksas' 138 and 127 meters high elegant Twin Tower at Wienerberg (1999-2001). The monolithic, 75-meter-high tower of the Hotel Sofitel at the Danube Canal by Jean Nouvel (2007-10), on the other hand, reacts to the particular urban situation and stages in its top floor new perspectives to the historical center on the other side.
Also at the water stands Dominique Perrault's DC Tower (2010-13) in the Danube City - those high-rise city, in which since the start of construction in 1996, the expansion of the city north of the Danube is condensed symbolically. Even in this environment, the slim and at the same time striking vertically folded tower of Perrault is beyond all known dimensions; from its Sky Bar, from spring 2014 on you are able to enjoy the highest view of Vienna. With 250 meters, the tower is the tallest building of Austria and almost twice as high as the St. Stephen's Cathedral. Vienna, thus, has acquired a new architectural landmark which cannot be overlooked - whether it also has the potential to become a landmark of the new Vienna, only time will tell. The architectural history of Vienna, where European history is presence and new buildings enter into an exciting and not always conflict-free dialogue with a great and outstanding architectural heritage, in any case has yet to offer exciting chapters.
Old photo - new project.
In my region are a lot of puplic and sacral buildings made out of concrete. Most of them are from the 70s. Some are built by famous architects like Alvar Aalto.
I will try to collect them all.
Built: 1965 - 1968
Architect: Alvar Aalto
The Church of St. Lawrence in Březina is originally a gothic sacral building standing in a cemetery on the outskirts of the village of Březina in the Mladá Boleslav region. The church is an important Gothic monument of the central Pojizera region. It is protected as a cultural monument of the Czech Republic.
The church dates from the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, it was rebuilt in the Renaissance style in the 16th century and partly modernized.
The monastery of the Benedictine Order at Pannonhalma was founded in 996 in Western Hungary and had a major role in the diffusion of Christianity in medieval Central Europe. The monastery shows a stratification of different architectural styles and various buildings.
Among these buildings: a school (the first ever school founded in the country), the monastic complex – home to the monks whose life is still based on St. Benedict’s Rule ‘Ora et labora’ -, the tourist welcome points and hospitality facilities, the Chapel of Our Lady, the Millennium Chapel and the botanical and herbal gardens.
www.comece.eu/christian-artworks-benedictine-archabbey-of...
the enigmatic Ta Prohm temple at Angkor Wat is a delight. It's crumbling ruins are gradually being taken back by the jungle that surrounds it.
Wat Rong Khun - the White Temple, is a contemporary, unconventional, privately owned, art exhibit in the style of a Buddhist temple in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand, about 15 kilometers southwest of Chiang Rai.
It is owned by Chalermchai Kositpipat, who designed, constructed, and opened it to visitors in 1997.
The pictures were taken in December 2012 before in May 2014 the temple has been damaged by an earthquake.
But the main structures of the building and other parts of the temple were completely renovated during the last years.
Also there is still hope to reconstruct some art and filigree work over the next few years, for example, one of the rooftops, which is kinked.
Zagreb Cathedral, located at Kaptol, Zagreb, is a Roman Catholic cathedral-church. It is the second tallest building in Croatia and also the most monumental sacral building in Gothic style southeast of the Alps. It is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary and to kings Saint Stephen and Saint Ladislaus. The cathedral is typically Gothic, as is its sacristy, which is of great architectural value. Its prominent spires are considered to be landmarks as they are visible from most parts of the city. One of its two spires was damaged in the 2020 Zagreb earthquake.
-------------------------------------------------
10531 R Zagreb Kaptol 26.IV.1969. 1023/1 Kruger Zadružna štampa Zagreb Gajeva 4 za Anđelia Benussi - de Dominis šalje Olaf
From the Ante-Chapter-House a curved passage leads to one of the most admirable areas of Spanish Renaissance architecture: the Chapter-House of the Cathedral. It was begun in 1558 under the direction of the architec Hernán Ruiz II and was finished by Asensio de Maeda in 1592.
The layout of this area is elliptical so that all the members of the cathedral chapter were perfectly visible at their meetings where the problems of the spiritual and material government of the church were brought up and discussed. The oval vaulting in one simple unit helps the voice to carry and has exceptional acoustics. The need for hearing and seeing required in the meetings of the numerous clergy was thus satisfactorily solved, but at the same time the wall decoration of the Chapter-House consists of a complex series of pictures and figures to emphasize the virtues expected of those who came to meet there so that their exchange of ideas and opinions would take place in an atmosphere of harmony and concerd. The walls therefore show a moral code for the canons to observe in their chapter meetings. The composition of pictures and figures designed by the canon Francisco Pacheco includes a seies of sculptures ans paintings with Latin inscriptions referring to the meanings of the images. All this decoration appears in the second section of the Hall, and the first to be seen between the pedestals of the columns are painted versions of the Virtues, among which Justice, Charity, Faith, Compassion and Hope can be identified. These virtues are female figures, some of which represent Saints at the same time, such as St Barbara, St Katherine, St Lucy and St Agnes. These paintings were carried out by Pablo de Céspedes in 1592.
The authors of the large vertical reliefs between the columns are Juan Bautista Vázquez el Viejo and Diego de Velasco who made them approximately between 1582 and 1582. They show The Assumption of the Virgin, Two Miracles of St John the Evangelists, The cleasing of the Temple, The Heavenly Father with the Vintagers, The seven Angels calling the Damned, The Ectasy of St John Evangelist and The Allegory of the Mystic Lamb. The rectangular reliefs were carried out by Marcos Cabrera around 1590 and show The last Sermon of Jesus Christ, Daniel in the Lions´Den, Christ´s Baptism, The Storm in the Sea of Tiberias, The Parable of the Sower, Christ,s Agony in the Garden, St Peter contemplating the unclean Animals and Christ washing the Feet of the Apostles.
In the vault there is a magnificent series of paintings by Murillo who was commissioned by the Chapter in 1667. In a splendid carved frame everything centres on La Inmaculada, which may be considered among the most beautiful the artist made of the subject. Painted on circular canvases around the vault there is a series of eight Seville Saints who can be identified by the name on the signs. They are San Hermenegildo, San Fernando, San Leandro, San Isidoro, San Laureano, Santa Justa, Santa Rufina and San Pio. The Chapter-House centres on a magnificent mahogany armchair which was carved by the sculptor Diego de Velasco in 1592. Before it there is the secretary´s bench, also of excellent design by the same artist.
hispalis.net/turismo_y_cultura/monumentos/catedral/capitu...
Para los aborígenes de los Andes la Pachamama es la primordial Diosa de la Vida, la fertilidad de la tierra, las semillas y los frutos, las estaciones, los tejidos, los metales, la cerámica, el chamanismo y la sanación. Pachamama es la deidad Creadora por excelencia y su culto expresa la vivencia espiritual
con lo Sagrado Femenino encarnado en la naturaleza, las mujeres y en la comunidad con un profundo sentido ético, ecológico y de sabiduría.
El 1º de Agosto, una de las ocho fiestas religiosas del calendario andino, se la venera de una manera muy especial con una ofrenda de comida y bebida al interior de su cuerpo. Dentro de la cosmovisión
sagrada de Pachamama todas las personas son hijas e hijos de esta Madre Común y están hermanadas entre sí.
Esta hermandad hace que todos tengan derecho y acceso a la tierra y a sus frutos, a sus energías creativas y sanadoras. En este sentido, Pachamama no acepta que unos pocos posean la tierra, el trabajo agrícola y sus frutos mientras que otros pasan hambre y enfermedad
En los pueblos andinos esta cosmovisión fue llevada a la práctica a través de la propiedad y el trabajo
comunitario de la tierra.
Así, el culto a esta Diosa andina inspiró una visión ética y de justicia social integrada a lo sagrado.
También ecológica porque en la espiritualidad de la Pachamama las plantas y animales, los ríos y las montañas forman parte de su familia y las todas las especies vivientes tienen derecho a sus propios habitat, recursos y ecosistemas en el cuerpo de la Pachamama.
El ritual del 1º de Agosto ha sido celebrado durante siglos por aymaras, quichuas, kollas y criollos.
Actualmente, las mujeres que practicamos la Espiritualidad de la Diosa celebramos esta fiesta como una manera de vincularnos y desarrollar esta espiritualidad femenina arraigada a la naturaleza, muy similar al culto de otras diosas agrícolas y de la tierra como Deméter y Ceres, por ejemplo, a las que estamos trayendo a a nuestras vidas con una perspectiva de género.
Esta fiesta se celebra después del Año Nuevo aborigen del solsticio de Invierno (21 de junio) y antes del resurgir de las flores y de las fertilizantes lluvias del equinoccio de Primavera. La celebración marca el retorno de la Pachamama desde las profundidades a donde se ha replegado durante su descanso invernal para mantaner la vida desde las raíces. Por eso, el ritual y la ofrenda tienen la intención de despertar a Pachamama, llamarla e invitarla a beber y comer para que vuelva a manifestar su fertilidad y poder. Este ritual se realiza antes de comenzar a trabajar la tierra y a sembrar (en el hemisferio norte corresponde a la tradición pagana de La Candelaria el 2 de febrero). Todas las mujeres y los varones que se conecten con esta sacralidad de la Pachamama pueden celebrarla con sus parejas, familias, grupos o solas en algún lugar en contacto con la tierra (el patio de la casa, en un parque o fuera de la ciudad) siguiendo los pasos de la ceremonia aborigen:
1) La comunidad, familia o grupo se reúne en círculo
para expresar esta igualdad y hermandad ante la
Pachamama. Si una hace el ritual sola es bueno marcar
el círculo con una rama o piedras. El centro del
círculo representa a la Diosa. De esta forma se
expresa esa igualdad y hermandad; todos están a la
misma distancia de ese centro sagrado y pueden acceder
a él.
2) En el centro se abre un pozo con mucho respeto
pidiéndole permiso a la Diosa. Abrir este pozo es
abrir su seno, su útero fértil y creador. También se
canta y se baila antes de la ofrenda para llamar y
despertar a la Diosa danzando descalzos para captar
las energías regeneradoras de la Pachamama.
3) Luego se ofrenda bebida y comida a Pachamama en el
pozo. Se le da de comer y beber a la Diosa que ha
despertado de su sueño invernal. También se le
ofrendan semillas, hojas de coca, y cada persona o
comunidad pude honrarla con algo particular. Sahumando
las ofrendas y el pozo con carbones encendidos y
hierbas o aceites esenciales se hacen invocaciones y
pedidos diciendo: "Cusiyá, Pachamama, cusiyá...
(Ayúdanos, Pachamama, ayúdanos) Tú que nos das todo,
ahora que has bebido y comido, a Ti te pido salud y
fecundidad, entierra a los malos espíritus y que
florezcan de tus semillas la bondad y la vida".
4) Al finalizar se cubre el pozo con una piedra plana
o con la tierra y encima se señala el lugar con
piedras redondas formando un montículo de veneración.
El ritual concluye con más bailes y danzas celebrando
el retorno de Pachamama. La comunidad también comparte
la comida y bebida que se ha ofrendado a la Diosa.
El culto a Pachamama persiste en las otras fiestas del calendario andino, especialmente del 2 de febrero al 22 de marzo cuando es celebrada como Saramama, la
Pachamama del Maíz y de la Cosecha durante el carnaval
norteño.
Por otra parte, esta Diosa andina se manifiesta como Mamacocha, diosa del Mar; Pajsamama, la Luna; Coyamama, patrona de los metales y piedras preciosas;
Cocamama, diosa chamánica de la sanación y de los oráculos; Sañumama, maestra de los tejidos y la cerámica. Las mujeres sabias suelen recibir el nombre de Pachacomadres cuando ejercen como sacerdotisas, médicas, profetisas y chamanas por estar inspiradas y
guiadas con la sabiduría de Pachamama.
A Pachamama se la considera la creadora del sol, la luna y de las Cuatro Pachamitas, las estaciones, y como diosa celeste habita la constelación de la Cruz del Sur. Un mito sagrado cuenta que en el principio de los tiempos Ella bajó de las estrellas a la tierra
para crear la vida. Junto a Illapa o Pachacamac la Diosa forma parte de la Pareja Sagrada con alguno de estos dioses andinos, y en la visiones de los y las
chamanes se transforma en la Mujer Jaguar.
Como sucede con las ancestrales diosas percibidas y veneradas por las mujeres a través de sus cuerpos, mentes y almas en distintas partes del mundo,
Pachamama también es una Triple Diosa, la trinidad que habita el Cielo "Janaj Pacha", la Tierra "Kay Pacha" y las Profundidades "Ukhu Pacha". La ofrenda del 1º de
Agosto la celebra en esta triple dimensión con el simbolismo de las piedras: el cielo y las estrellas.
La comida y bebida: los frutos de su cuerpo terrestre.
Y el pozo: su útero y su presencia en las
profundidades.
Analía Bernardo
experta en mitos y tradiciones de las Diosas
Gracias a tod@s.
Obrigado.
Grazie.
.,. MERCI pour vos chaleureux commentaires .
THANK YOU so much for sharing,,,,
I appreciate.
Recomiendo ver en fondo negro. Gracias
Fotografía seleccionada para participar en:
The monastery of the Benedictine Order at Pannonhalma was founded in 996 in Western Hungary and had a major role in the diffusion of Christianity in medieval Central Europe. The monastery shows a stratification of different architectural styles and various buildings.
Among these buildings: a school (the first ever school founded in the country), the monastic complex – home to the monks whose life is still based on St. Benedict’s Rule ‘Ora et labora’ -, the tourist welcome points and hospitality facilities, the Chapel of Our Lady, the Millennium Chapel and the botanical and herbal gardens.
www.comece.eu/christian-artworks-benedictine-archabbey-of...
New project.
In my region are a lot of puplic and sacral buildings made out of concrete. Most of them are from the 70s. Some are built by famous architects like Alvar Aalto.
I will try to collect them all.
Built: 1976
Architect: Hans-Victor Schönfeld
church of St. Giles (Ägidius), a cruciform Romanesque basilica from 1108 (?) in a simple Hirsau style
It was constructed in 1694 by Valentin Ulrich Grotian (*24.08.1663 / † 19.05.1741)
He had built seven church organs in East Friesland during his life, but this one here in Pilsum is the only one that still exists today nearly in the original state.
Intorno alla quercia vi è un’aurea di sacralità. Moltissime delle storie e delle leggende nate intorno a questo albero sono in qualche modo legate al sacro. Dagli antichi greci all’attuale religione cattolica, questa pianta, considerato il re (o la regina) degli alberi, è stata venerata e considerata simbolo di lunga vita, maestosità e forza. Nell’antica Grecia la quercia era l’albero consacrato a Zeus. I Romani usavano donare una corona fatta di rami di quercia a colui che in guerra aveva dimostrato valore, difendendo dalla morte un cittadino. Anche i Celti veneravano questa pianta, così grande e imponente. Nella religione cattolica la Quercia è legata anche alla figura Madonna, poiché pare che esista un legame particolare fra quest’ultima e questa pianta, tanto che in passato in alcuni luoghi della penisola si era diffuso il culto della “Madonna delle Querce”.
The monastery of the Benedictine Order at Pannonhalma was founded in 996 in Western Hungary and had a major role in the diffusion of Christianity in medieval Central Europe. The monastery shows a stratification of different architectural styles and various buildings.
Among these buildings: a school (the first ever school founded in the country), the monastic complex – home to the monks whose life is still based on St. Benedict’s Rule ‘Ora et labora’ -, the tourist welcome points and hospitality facilities, the Chapel of Our Lady, the Millennium Chapel and the botanical and herbal gardens.
www.comece.eu/christian-artworks-benedictine-archabbey-of...
Fuji Superia 400, Leica M4, Leitz Summaron 35/2.8 wide open.
This is the apsis of one of the oldest churches in the South West of Germany, the Gallus church in Sontheim/Brenz. The first sacral building in this place dates back to about 600 a.d. This roman apsis was built in 1000 a.d.
Chapel "On the Water" of the st. Joseph Artisan (Worker), is located in the place of the former spa baths, which were converted into a sacral building in 1901. The chapel is situated above the stream on concrete supports, which, according to local tradition, was associated with the ordinance of Tsar Nicholas II, prohibiting the construction of sacral buildings on the Ojców ground, so the chapel was built "on the water".
Liskiava Saint Trinity church and a historic village in the Varena district municipality, Lithuania. The church is decorated by Italian frescos, 7 baroque – rococo altars, old authentic benches with tarsias of Jacobins, and sacral thematic paintings of XVIII – XIX centuries. Jacobins did not live long in this abbey, from 1699 to 1813, due to the civil government’s prohibition to let in newcomers. As a result of that, the abbey was unable to renew, and died. In the year of 1813 when the last monk of Liskiava died, all abbey buildings, including the church, were by the decree of the bishop signed over to the parish to administrate.
www.christoph-schmich.de/farbenrausch-photography/ This photograph is copyrighted and may not be used anywhere, including blogs, without my express permission.
Please contact me for licensing requests. Thank you for watching!
Looking southwest along Karlova.
"The Church of St. Bartholomew, also called St. Bartholomew's Church, is an important Gothic sacral building located in Kolín. It was built in the second half of the thirteenth century in early Gothic style. A nave with a pair of octagonal western towers survived from this construction phase. In the fourteenth century, a completely new, tall, "cathedral" choir with a crown of chapels was built by Petr Parléř. At the beginning of the 16th century, a bell tower was added. The church is on the list of national cultural monuments.
Kolín (German: Kolin, Köllein, Collin) is a city in the Kolín district in the east of the Central Bohemian Region, located on the Elbe River. It is also a municipality with extended jurisdiction. It has approximately 33 thousand inhabitants and has an area of 35 km² with an average altitude of 220 meters. It lies about 60 km east of Prague on both banks of the Elbe.
Kolín was probably founded before 1261 by Přemysl Otakar II, the well-preserved historic core is protected as a city monument reserve. In 1845, Kolín was connected to an important railway between Prague and Olomouc, this fact is very important for the further prosperity of the city, and from the second half of the 19th century the city underwent rapid industrialization.
Kolín is an important railway junction. The chemical, automotive, engineering, food, printing and metallurgical industries are represented here.
In honor of the local music composer František Kmoch, the Kmochův Kolín International Brass Music Festival takes place in Kolín, and the work of the photographer Jaromír Funke is commemorated by the Funke Kolín Photography Festival.
Bohemia (Latin Bohemia, German Böhmen, Polish Czechy) is a region in the west of the Czech Republic. Previously, as a kingdom, they were the center of the Czech Crown. The root of the word Czech probably corresponds to the meaning of man. The Latin equivalent of Bohemia, originally Boiohaemum (literally "land of Battles"), which over time also influenced the names in other languages, is derived from the Celtic tribe of the Boios, who lived in this area from the 4th to the 1st century BC Bohemia on it borders Germany in the west, Austria in the south, Moravia in the east and Poland in the north. Geographically, they are bounded from the north, west and south by a chain of mountains, the highest of which are the Krkonoše Mountains, in which the highest mountain of Bohemia, Sněžka, is also located. The most important rivers are the Elbe and the Vltava, with the fertile Polabean Plain extending around the Elbe. The capital and largest city of Bohemia is Prague, other important cities include, for example, Pilsen, Karlovy Vary, Kladno, Ústí nad Labem, Liberec, Hradec Králové, Pardubice and České Budějovice, Jihlava also lies partly on the historical territory of Bohemia." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
The exploitation rights for this text are the property of the Vienna Tourist Board. This text may be reprinted free of charge until further notice, even partially and in edited form. Forward sample copy to: Vienna Tourist Board, Media Management, Invalidenstraße 6, 1030 Vienna; media.rel@wien.info. All information in this text without guarantee.
Author: Andreas Nierhaus, Curator of Architecture/Wien Museum
Last updated January 2014
Architecture in Vienna
Vienna's 2,000-year history is present in a unique density in the cityscape. The layout of the center dates back to the Roman city and medieval road network. Romanesque and Gothic churches characterize the streets and squares as well as palaces and mansions of the baroque city of residence. The ring road is an expression of the modern city of the 19th century, in the 20th century extensive housing developments set accents in the outer districts. Currently, large-scale urban development measures are implemented; distinctive buildings of international star architects complement the silhouette of the city.
Due to its function as residence of the emperor and European power center, Vienna for centuries stood in the focus of international attention, but it was well aware of that too. As a result, developed an outstanding building culture, and still today on a worldwide scale only a few cities can come up with a comparable density of high-quality architecture. For several years now, Vienna has increased its efforts to connect with its historical highlights and is drawing attention to itself with some spectacular new buildings. The fastest growing city in the German-speaking world today most of all in residential construction is setting standards. Constants of the Viennese architecture are respect for existing structures, the palpability of historical layers and the dialogue between old and new.
Culmination of medieval architecture: the Stephansdom
The oldest architectural landmark of the city is St. Stephen's Cathedral. Under the rule of the Habsburgs, defining the face of the city from the late 13th century until 1918 in a decisive way, the cathedral was upgraded into the sacral monument of the political ambitions of the ruling house. The 1433 completed, 137 meters high southern tower, by the Viennese people affectionately named "Steffl", is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture in Europe. For decades he was the tallest stone structure in Europe, until today he is the undisputed center of the city.
The baroque residence
Vienna's ascension into the ranks of the great European capitals began in Baroque. Among the most important architects are Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach and Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt. Outside the city walls arose a chain of summer palaces, including the garden Palais Schwarzenberg (1697-1704) as well as the Upper and Lower Belvedere of Prince Eugene of Savoy (1714-22). Among the most important city palaces are the Winter Palace of Prince Eugene (1695-1724, now a branch of the Belvedere) and the Palais Daun-Kinsky (auction house in Kinsky 1713-19). The emperor himself the Hofburg had complemented by buildings such as the Imperial Library (1722-26) and the Winter Riding School (1729-34). More important, however, for the Habsburgs was the foundation of churches and monasteries. Thus arose before the city walls Fischer von Erlach's Karlskirche (1714-39), which with its formal and thematic complex show façade belongs to the major works of European Baroque. In colored interior rooms like that of St. Peter's Church (1701-22), the contemporary efforts for the synthesis of architecture, painting and sculpture becomes visible.
Upgrading into metropolis: the ring road time (Ringstraßenzeit)
Since the Baroque, reflections on extension of the hopelessly overcrowed city were made, but only Emperor Franz Joseph ordered in 1857 the demolition of the fortifications and the connection of the inner city with the suburbs. 1865, the Ring Road was opened. It is as the most important boulevard of Europe an architectural and in terms of urban development achievement of the highest rank. The original building structure is almost completely preserved and thus conveys the authentic image of a metropolis of the 19th century. The public representational buildings speak, reflecting accurately the historicism, by their style: The Greek Antique forms of Theophil Hansen's Parliament (1871-83) stood for democracy, the Renaissance of the by Heinrich Ferstel built University (1873-84) for the flourishing of humanism, the Gothic of the Town Hall (1872-83) by Friedrich Schmidt for the medieval civic pride.
Dominating remained the buildings of the imperial family: Eduard van der Nüll's and August Sicardsburg's Opera House (1863-69), Gottfried Semper's and Carl Hasenauer's Burgtheater (1874-88), their Museum of Art History and Museum of Natural History (1871-91) and the Neue (New) Hofburg (1881-1918 ). At the same time the ring road was the preferred residential area of mostly Jewish haute bourgeoisie. With luxurious palaces the families Ephrussi, Epstein or Todesco made it clear that they had taken over the cultural leadership role in Viennese society. In the framework of the World Exhibition of 1873, the new Vienna presented itself an international audience. At the ring road many hotels were opened, among them the Hotel Imperial and today's Palais Hansen Kempinski.
Laboratory of modernity: Vienna around 1900
Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06) was one of the last buildings in the Ring road area Otto Wagner's Postal Savings Bank (1903-06), which with it façade, liberated of ornament, and only decorated with "functional" aluminum buttons and the glass banking hall now is one of the icons of modern architecture. Like no other stood Otto Wagner for the dawn into the 20th century: His Metropolitan Railway buildings made the public transport of the city a topic of architecture, the church of the Psychiatric hospital at Steinhofgründe (1904-07) is considered the first modern church.
With his consistent focus on the function of a building ("Something impractical can not be beautiful"), Wagner marked a whole generation of architects and made Vienna the laboratory of modernity: in addition to Joseph Maria Olbrich, the builder of the Secession (1897-98) and Josef Hoffmann, the architect of the at the western outskirts located Purkersdorf Sanatorium (1904) and founder of the Vienna Workshop (Wiener Werkstätte, 1903) is mainly to mention Adolf Loos, with the Loos House at the square Michaelerplatz (1909-11) making architectural history. The extravagant marble cladding of the business zone stands in maximal contrast, derived from the building function, to the unadorned facade above, whereby its "nudity" became even more obvious - a provocation, as well as his culture-critical texts ("Ornament and Crime"), with which he had greatest impact on the architecture of the 20th century. Public contracts Loos remained denied. His major works therefore include villas, apartment facilities and premises as the still in original state preserved Tailor salon Knize at Graben (1910-13) and the restored Loos Bar (1908-09) near the Kärntner Straße (passageway Kärntner Durchgang).
Between the Wars: International Modern Age and social housing
After the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, Vienna became capital of the newly formed small country of Austria. In the heart of the city, the architects Theiss & Jaksch built 1931-32 the first skyscraper in Vienna as an exclusive residential address (Herrengasse - alley 6-8). To combat the housing shortage for the general population, the social democratic city government in a globally unique building program within a few years 60,000 apartments in hundreds of apartment buildings throughout the city area had built, including the famous Karl Marx-Hof by Karl Ehn (1925-30). An alternative to the multi-storey buildings with the 1932 opened International Werkbundsiedlung was presented, which was attended by 31 architects from Austria, Germany, France, Holland and the USA and showed models for affordable housing in greenfield areas. With buildings of Adolf Loos, André Lurçat, Richard Neutra, Gerrit Rietveld, the Werkbundsiedlung, which currently is being restored at great expense, is one of the most important documents of modern architecture in Austria.
Modernism was also expressed in significant Villa buildings: The House Beer (1929-31) by Josef Frank exemplifies the refined Wiener living culture of the interwar period, while the house Stonborough-Wittgenstein (1926-28, today Bulgarian Cultural Institute), built by the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein together with the architect Paul Engelmann for his sister Margarete, by its aesthetic radicalism and mathematical rigor represents a special case within contemporary architecture.
Expulsion, war and reconstruction
After the "Anschluss (Annexation)" to the German Reich in 1938, numerous Jewish builders, architects (female and male ones), who had been largely responsible for the high level of Viennese architecture, have been expelled from Austria. During the Nazi era, Vienna remained largely unaffected by structural transformations, apart from the six flak towers built for air defense of Friedrich Tamms (1942-45), made of solid reinforced concrete which today are present as memorials in the cityscape.
The years after the end of World War II were characterized by the reconstruction of the by bombs heavily damaged city. The architecture of those times was marked by aesthetic pragmatism, but also by the attempt to connect with the period before 1938 and pick up on current international trends. Among the most important buildings of the 1950s are Roland Rainer's City Hall (1952-58), the by Oswald Haerdtl erected Wien Museum at Karlsplatz (1954-59) and the 21er Haus of Karl Schwanzer (1958-62).
The youngsters come
Since the 1960s, a young generation was looking for alternatives to the moderate modernism of the reconstruction years. With visionary designs, conceptual, experimental and above all temporary architectures, interventions and installations, Raimund Abraham, Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth, Hans Hollein, Walter Pichler and the groups Coop Himmelb(l)au, Haus-Rucker-Co and Missing Link rapidly got international attention. Although for the time being it was more designed than built, was the influence on the postmodern and deconstructivist trends of the 1970s and 1980s also outside Austria great. Hollein's futuristic "Retti" candle shop at Charcoal Market/Kohlmarkt (1964-65) and Domenig's biomorphic building of the Central Savings Bank in Favoriten (10th district of Vienna - 1975-79) are among the earliest examples, later Hollein's Haas-Haus (1985-90), the loft conversion Falkestraße (1987/88) by Coop Himmelb(l)au or Domenig's T Center (2002-04) were added. Especially Domenig, Hollein, Coop Himmelb(l)au and the architects Ortner & Ortner (ancient members of Haus-Rucker-Co) by orders from abroad the new Austrian and Viennese architecture made a fixed international concept.
MuseumQuarter and Gasometer
Since the 1980s, the focus of building in Vienna lies on the compaction of the historic urban fabric that now as urban habitat of high quality no longer is put in question. Among the internationally best known projects is the by Ortner & Ortner planned MuseumsQuartier in the former imperial stables (competition 1987, 1998-2001), which with institutions such as the MUMOK - Museum of Modern Art Foundation Ludwig, the Leopold Museum, the Kunsthalle Wien, the Architecture Center Vienna and the Zoom Children's Museum on a wordwide scale is under the largest cultural complexes. After controversies in the planning phase, here an architectural compromise between old and new has been achieved at the end, whose success as an urban stage with four million visitors (2012) is overwhelming.
The dialogue between old and new, which has to stand on the agenda of building culture of a city that is so strongly influenced by history, also features the reconstruction of the Gasometer in Simmering by Coop Himmelb(l)au, Wilhelm Holzbauer, Jean Nouvel and Manfred Wehdorn (1999-2001). Here was not only created new housing, but also a historical industrial monument reinterpreted into a signal in the urban development area.
New Neighborhood
In recent years, the major railway stations and their surroundings moved into the focus of planning. Here not only necessary infrastructural measures were taken, but at the same time opened up spacious inner-city residential areas and business districts. Among the prestigious projects are included the construction of the new Vienna Central Station, started in 2010 with the surrounding office towers of the Quartier Belvedere and the residential and school buildings of the Midsummer quarter (Sonnwendviertel). Europe's largest wooden tower invites here for a spectacular view to the construction site and the entire city. On the site of the former North Station are currently being built 10,000 homes and 20,000 jobs, on that of the Aspangbahn station is being built at Europe's greatest Passive House settlement "Euro Gate", the area of the North Western Railway Station is expected to be developed from 2020 for living and working. The largest currently under construction residential project but can be found in the north-eastern outskirts, where in Seaside Town Aspern till 2028 living and working space for 40,000 people will be created.
In one of the "green lungs" of Vienna, the Prater, 2013, the WU campus was opened for the largest University of Economics of Europe. Around the central square spectacular buildings of an international architect team from Great Britain, Japan, Spain and Austria are gathered that seem to lead a sometimes very loud conversation about the status quo of contemporary architecture (Hitoshi Abe, BUSarchitektur, Peter Cook, Zaha Hadid, NO MAD Arquitectos, Carme Pinós).
Flying high
International is also the number of architects who have inscribed themselves in the last few years with high-rise buildings in the skyline of Vienna and make St. Stephen's a not always unproblematic competition. Visible from afar is Massimiliano Fuksas' 138 and 127 meters high elegant Twin Tower at Wienerberg (1999-2001). The monolithic, 75-meter-high tower of the Hotel Sofitel at the Danube Canal by Jean Nouvel (2007-10), on the other hand, reacts to the particular urban situation and stages in its top floor new perspectives to the historical center on the other side.
Also at the water stands Dominique Perrault's DC Tower (2010-13) in the Danube City - those high-rise city, in which since the start of construction in 1996, the expansion of the city north of the Danube is condensed symbolically. Even in this environment, the slim and at the same time striking vertically folded tower of Perrault is beyond all known dimensions; from its Sky Bar, from spring 2014 on you are able to enjoy the highest view of Vienna. With 250 meters, the tower is the tallest building of Austria and almost twice as high as the St. Stephen's Cathedral. Vienna, thus, has acquired a new architectural landmark which cannot be overlooked - whether it also has the potential to become a landmark of the new Vienna, only time will tell. The architectural history of Vienna, where European history is presence and new buildings enter into an exciting and not always conflict-free dialogue with a great and outstanding architectural heritage, in any case has yet to offer exciting chapters.
Info: The folder "Architecture: From Art Nouveau to the Presence" is available at the Vienna Tourist Board and can be downloaded on www.wien.info/media/files/guide-architecture-in-wien.pdf.
The landmark of the old mining village with interesting spindle-shaped urbanism is the Lutheran Church located on a low hill at the upper end of the village called Koceľovce. The church is an almost intactly preserved Gothic building from the first half of the 14th century, originally dedicated to St. Bartholomew.
The single-nave space with a polygonal chancel, a sacristy on the north side and a high tower on a square plan in the west, which turns into an octogon on the upper floors, is covered by a high gabled roof with shingles. The roofing of the tower, with an atypical metal Art Nouveau helmet, dates from the beginning of the 20th century. The nave is vaulted with classicist Theresian vaults instead of the original beamed ceiling, which is stylishly followed by an equally vaulted brick porch. During the last third of the 14th century, the polygonal chancel was built and vaulted with a cross rib vault. The stylistic purity of the church is emphasized by high windows divided by profiled bars and tracery and a system of supporting pillars of the chancel. The current southern entrance to the church was opened during the restoration in the 2nd half of the 18th century, it is closed by a Gothic door with decorative fittings, which were transferred here from the original entrance portal in the tower. Another Gothic door with rich wrought iron decoration is in the portal to the sacristy. This interesting wrought iron door also became the logo of the church.
Among the beautiful sacral sights we can undoubtedly include the Greek Catholic wooden Church of the Protection of the Holy Mother of God from 1770, which stands in the mountain village of Miroľa in the northeastern region of Slovakia.
It has a characteristic log structure and a three-part outer and inner division. The interior is decorated with iconostasis and altar. In the sanctuary, there is the icon of the archangel Michael and the icon of the Mother of God, Virgin Hodegetria with praise located. Liturgical objects are found in the anteroom that were revealed in the individual rebuildings of the temple. Especially the rare raincoat, probably from the 17th century, is worth noticing.
A special chapter is the rare books used in religious services in the Church-Slavic language. The temple has been repaired several times, most recently a complete reconstruction in 2005-2008 has been carried out. As well as with other wooden churches, even here stands a wooden entrance gate with a low shingled roof in front of the church.
On Explore! November 26, 2007! #300
Thank you very much to all of you my dear Flickr friends for your so kind comments!
Last News:
I'd an apparition near my Wild River... an interview by an angel...!!! :)))
angiereal.blogspot.com/2007/11/interview-with-my-flickr-f...
Since the construction of dams by my friends beavers the level of my wild river in winter has never been so high… same thing for my level of my inner joy to photograph her!... I’m totally on a high… no smoking stocks needed!!! :)))
In black and white here… so that you can perhaps feel better the light that guides me… Even low… the incredible magic of the light guide me through what may seem an incredible mess… what I call the beauty of a magic disorder!... No need rather of magic mushrooms!!! My wild river… my Sacral Nirvana!!!:)))
Depuis la construction des barrages par mes amis les castors le niveau de ma rivière sauvage en hiver n’a jamais été aussi élevée… même chose pour mon niveau de joie à la photographier!!! Je suis sur un de ces high… pas besoin de substances hallucinogènes!!! :)))
En noir et blanc ici… pour que vous puissiez peut-être mieux ressentir la lumière qui me guide… Même faible… l’incroyable magie de cette lumière me guide à travers ce qui peut vous paraître un incroyable désordre… ce que j’appelle la beauté du désordre magique!... Pas besoin non plus de champignons magiques!!! Ma rivière sauvage… mon Nirvana Sacré!!! :)))
Sacral Nirvana… by Oliver Shanti & Friends… a magical video on the wheat circles… a kind of mandalas!!!