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a capture to replicate a day long gone, devoid of anything from the 21st Century - well other than my camera!
The British Railways (BR) ex-WD Austerity 2-10-0 Class was a class of 25 2-10-0 steam locomotives of the WD Austerity 2-10-0 type purchased in 1948 from the War Department. BR officially listed them in running stock in 1948, though most were kept in store until 1949-1950. BR allocated them the numbers 90750-90774. They were mostly allocated to Scottish Region ex-LMS sheds. They were given the power classification 8F. They were withdrawn between 1961-1962.
Concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers rest on an old cattle farm now an area of critical environmental concern managed by the BLM in southwest Oregon, Sept. 26, 2018. BLM video: Toshio Suzuki
A quiet oak savanna in southwest Oregon has a World War II story to tell.
It was the summer of 1942 when thousands of young American troops started arriving in Oregon to prepare for battle.
Only months prior, immediately after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and America’s entry into WWII, the U.S. Army broke ground on Camp White, a massively ambitious training ground for troops north of Medford.
The national war effort was ramping up, and from the rationing at home to the drill sergeants yelling at new draftees, the task at hand was unified: Get America prepared for war as fast as possible.
At Camp White, in the heart of the Rogue River Valley, it got loud very quick.
Construction crews worked 24 hours a day until the base, consisting of 1,300 structures, was complete. Barracks, mess halls, a railroad, full electrical grid and sewer system were all built in six months.
And then the troops arrived.
The newly reinstated 91st Division went on 91-mile-long hikes.
They fired bazookas, mortars and tanks.
And they attacked concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers.
Despite creating what was then Oregon’s second most populous city at 40,000 people, there are now only a few lasting structures proving Camp White ever existed. Sadly, there are even fewer first-hand memories.
The pillboxes are still standing, though. They simultaneously represent a mostly forgotten military legacy and since 2013, an opportunity for historic preservation.
After decades of private cattle farming, Camp White’s pillboxes now rest on public land.
Read the full story about the Camp White pillboxes that rest on the northeast side of Upper Table Rock, an area of critical environmental concern for the BLM: www.facebook.com/notes/blm-oregon-washington/the-wwii-leg...
Take a virtual tour of the pillboxes via this 360-degree video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgHu5y-TtAw
The Makerbot Replicator has two print heads for dual color or dual material prints, and sometimes you might want to print a single color design with the other color. Re-rendering the STL can be time consuming, so it is easier to just swap all of the tool head commands to use the other extruder. The older version of ReplicatorG has a "swap tool heads" menu option, but it doesn't adjust the X offset. For a small print this would be fine and the print would be shifted 50mm to one side. For a large print that nearly fills the build platform, however, this repositioning can cause part of the output to fall off the edge of the build platform.
The all new re-engineered and rigorously tested MakerBot Replicator+ 3D printer. Single PLA extruder. Large build volume. New, flexible build plate. Controlled via LCD screen and jog dial. On-board camera for remote monitoring. Connect it with USB cable, Wi-Fi, USB memory stick, or Ethernet. Internal power supply. See more at makerbot.creativetools.se
The all new re-engineered and rigorously tested MakerBot Replicator+ 3D printer. Single PLA extruder. Large build volume. New, flexible build plate. Controlled via LCD screen and jog dial. On-board camera for remote monitoring. Connect it with USB cable, Wi-Fi, USB memory stick, or Ethernet. Internal power supply. See more at makerbot.creativetools.se
The all new re-engineered and rigorously tested MakerBot Replicator+ 3D printer. Single PLA extruder. Large build volume. New, flexible build plate. Controlled via LCD screen and jog dial. On-board camera for remote monitoring. Connect it with USB cable, Wi-Fi, USB memory stick, or Ethernet. Internal power supply. See more at makerbot.creativetools.se
Concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers rest on an old cattle farm now an area of critical environmental concern managed by the BLM in southwest Oregon, Sept. 26, 2018. BLM photo: Matt Christenson
A quiet oak savanna in southwest Oregon has a World War II story to tell.
It was the summer of 1942 when thousands of young American troops started arriving in Oregon to prepare for battle.
Only months prior, immediately after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and America’s entry into WWII, the U.S. Army broke ground on Camp White, a massively ambitious training ground for troops north of Medford.
The national war effort was ramping up, and from the rationing at home to the drill sergeants yelling at new draftees, the task at hand was unified: Get America prepared for war as fast as possible.
At Camp White, in the heart of the Rogue River Valley, it got loud very quick.
Construction crews worked 24 hours a day until the base, consisting of 1,300 structures, was complete. Barracks, mess halls, a railroad, full electrical grid and sewer system were all built in six months.
And then the troops arrived.
The newly reinstated 91st Division went on 91-mile-long hikes.
They fired bazookas, mortars and tanks.
And they attacked concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers.
Despite creating what was then Oregon’s second most populous city at 40,000 people, there are now only a few lasting structures proving Camp White ever existed. Sadly, there are even fewer first-hand memories.
The pillboxes are still standing, though. They simultaneously represent a mostly forgotten military legacy and since 2013, an opportunity for historic preservation.
After decades of private cattle farming, Camp White’s pillboxes now rest on public land.
Read the full story about the Camp White pillboxes that rest on the northeast side of Upper Table Rock, an area of critical environmental concern for the BLM: www.facebook.com/notes/blm-oregon-washington/the-wwii-leg...
The all new re-engineered and rigorously tested MakerBot Replicator+ 3D printer. Single PLA extruder. Large build volume. New, flexible build plate. Controlled via LCD screen and jog dial. On-board camera for remote monitoring. Connect it with USB cable, Wi-Fi, USB memory stick, or Ethernet. Internal power supply. See more at makerbot.creativetools.se
I made a product box and tested it out using this old bold and washer. The picture was good but boring so I decided to have some fun using some Topaz plugins I recently purchased. This is using Lens Effects package and the Prism effect.
Ford hoped to replicate the run-away success of the American Mustang by using a similar formula for the European market.
Using proven and well developed underpinnings based on those of the Cortina, Ford clothed the new Capri in a sexy coupe body designed with a great deal of input from the Mustang’s styling team. The car was made ready for launch at the January 1969 Belgian Motor Show, although production had started two months earlier at the Halewood plant to ensure that every Ford dealer had at least one example on their forecourts.
With its aggressively long bonnet and swooping rear it looked like it was doing 100mph even when standing still. Mechanically straightforward, a traditional live axle with leaf springs was deemed sufficient at the rear, while Ford's excellent Macpherson struts at the front and well weighted rack-and-pinion steering gave the car a sufficiently sporting feel to justify its sports car looks. Available in a wide range of engine sizes from a basic 1.3-litre four to a tarmac-ripping 3-litre V6 it was marketed as ‘The car you always promised yourself’.
Handsome to look at and decently quick, the Capri proved to be a huge success for Ford, remaining in production until 1986 with many upgrades along the way, almost 1.9 million being sold worldwide. Survivors are now increasingly sought after and values have risen sharply in recent times.
Concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers rest on an old cattle farm now an area of critical environmental concern managed by the BLM in southwest Oregon, Sept. 26, 2018. BLM video: Stephen Haney and Matt Bonsi
A quiet oak savanna in southwest Oregon has a World War II story to tell.
It was the summer of 1942 when thousands of young American troops started arriving in Oregon to prepare for battle.
Only months prior, immediately after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and America’s entry into WWII, the U.S. Army broke ground on Camp White, a massively ambitious training ground for troops north of Medford.
The national war effort was ramping up, and from the rationing at home to the drill sergeants yelling at new draftees, the task at hand was unified: Get America prepared for war as fast as possible.
At Camp White, in the heart of the Rogue River Valley, it got loud very quick.
Construction crews worked 24 hours a day until the base, consisting of 1,300 structures, was complete. Barracks, mess halls, a railroad, full electrical grid and sewer system were all built in six months.
And then the troops arrived.
The newly reinstated 91st Division went on 91-mile-long hikes.
They fired bazookas, mortars and tanks.
And they attacked concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers.
Despite creating what was then Oregon’s second most populous city at 40,000 people, there are now only a few lasting structures proving Camp White ever existed. Sadly, there are even fewer first-hand memories.
The pillboxes are still standing, though. They simultaneously represent a mostly forgotten military legacy and since 2013, an opportunity for historic preservation.
After decades of private cattle farming, Camp White’s pillboxes now rest on public land.
Read the full story about the Camp White pillboxes that rest on the northeast side of Upper Table Rock, an area of critical environmental concern for the BLM: www.facebook.com/notes/blm-oregon-washington/the-wwii-leg...
Take a virtual tour of the pillboxes via this 360-degree video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgHu5y-TtAw
Trying to replicate Navia’s plastic hat in felt! I happened to have the perfect color of felt and I went ahead and used her plastic hat as a hat mold.
My version is still a little large, and I haven’t finished stiffening it yet. I can’t decide if I want to cut all the edges to match the jagged leaf style of Navia’s har, or leave it smooth and petal like. I also can’t decide if I want to try to continue the embroidery, or just skip it.
I am almost about to set this aside and start a different hat in purple. Something that more closely resembles a flapper cloche hat, and do some real embroidery and beading on it?? (I don’t think I have the right bead colors so maybe this all goes in the unfinished pile with the other projects that need pink and purple beads.)
On the right are some modules from a self-replicating robot.
Each module is identical, and the system runs a distributed embedded program (there is neither central node nor broadcast instructions). They draw power from the table top and depend on a feed of modules.
Q-Ped on the left uses evolutionary algorithms to learn how to walk.
“At the Cornell Computational Synthesis Lab we explore biologically-inspired computational and physical processes that allow complex high-level systems to arise from low-level building blocks - automatically. We seek new biological concepts for engineering and new engineering insights into biology.” (CCSL)
Replicate the web link for a possibility to win the reward: giveaway.amazon.com/p/53fbc84770742142 Premium quality plastic container to make use of with traveling toiletries, cosmetics or various other usages. Product: PP Weight: 96g Bundle: 1 x 50ml pump container (12.5 * 3.2 centimeters) 2 x 80ml flip-cap container (11 * 3.5 centimeters) 1 x 50ml
Shakaland Village Shaka Zulu Kraal Cultural Replication of a Zulu “Umuzi” or Homestead Normanhurst Farm Nkwalini Kwazulu-Natal South Africa May 1998
Sadly, Shakaland has now permanently closed in 2025
www.southafrica.net/au/en/travel/article/aha-shakaland-ho...
Concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers rest on an old cattle farm now an area of critical environmental concern managed by the BLM in southwest Oregon, Sept. 25, 2018. BLM photo: Matt Christenson
A quiet oak savanna in southwest Oregon has a World War II story to tell.
It was the summer of 1942 when thousands of young American troops started arriving in Oregon to prepare for battle.
Only months prior, immediately after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and America’s entry into WWII, the U.S. Army broke ground on Camp White, a massively ambitious training ground for troops north of Medford.
The national war effort was ramping up, and from the rationing at home to the drill sergeants yelling at new draftees, the task at hand was unified: Get America prepared for war as fast as possible.
At Camp White, in the heart of the Rogue River Valley, it got loud very quick.
Construction crews worked 24 hours a day until the base, consisting of 1,300 structures, was complete. Barracks, mess halls, a railroad, full electrical grid and sewer system were all built in six months.
And then the troops arrived.
The newly reinstated 91st Division went on 91-mile-long hikes.
They fired bazookas, mortars and tanks.
And they attacked concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers.
Despite creating what was then Oregon’s second most populous city at 40,000 people, there are now only a few lasting structures proving Camp White ever existed. Sadly, there are even fewer first-hand memories.
The pillboxes are still standing, though. They simultaneously represent a mostly forgotten military legacy and since 2013, an opportunity for historic preservation.
After decades of private cattle farming, Camp White’s pillboxes now rest on public land.
Read the full story about the Camp White pillboxes that rest on the northeast side of Upper Table Rock, an area of critical environmental concern for the BLM: www.facebook.com/notes/blm-oregon-washington/the-wwii-leg...
Over Folkestone, Kent.
'Z5140' with the code letters HA-C is operated by the Historic Aircraft Collection based at Duxford and is replicated in a paint scheme that was worn by a Gloster built Hurricane IIB flown with 126 Squadron during the siege of Malta, arriving on June 6th, 1941 during Operation Rocket, having flown off HMS Ark Royal.
This Hurricane Mk XIIa was originally designated as 5711 (G-HURI), being built in 1942 by the Canadian Car Foundry as part of their sixth production batch, joining the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1943.
It is believed to have served with 123 Squadron at Debert before going to 127 and 129 Squadrons at Dartmouth, then onto 1 Operational Training Unit at Bagotville.
Struck off charge from the RCAF in 1947 it was purchased by a syndicate in Saskatchewan and was restored by Paul Mercer in 1985, making its first post restoration flight in 1989.
Historic Aircraft Collection acquired the Hurricane in 2002 where it is the perfect stablemate for HAC's Spitfire Mk.Vb, both planes taking to the skies over East Kent for Stephen Burt's regular flying weekends (see www.flywithafighter.com)
More info from the Historic Aircraft Collection's website at www.historicaircraftcollection.ltd.uk/hurricane/
The 3D model: www.thingiverse.com/thing:69491
The 3D printer: makerbot.creativetools.se
For more information creative-tools.com
Concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers rest on an old cattle farm now an area of critical environmental concern managed by the BLM in southwest Oregon, Sept. 26, 2018. BLM video: Toshio Suzuki
A quiet oak savanna in southwest Oregon has a World War II story to tell.
It was the summer of 1942 when thousands of young American troops started arriving in Oregon to prepare for battle.
Only months prior, immediately after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and America’s entry into WWII, the U.S. Army broke ground on Camp White, a massively ambitious training ground for troops north of Medford.
The national war effort was ramping up, and from the rationing at home to the drill sergeants yelling at new draftees, the task at hand was unified: Get America prepared for war as fast as possible.
At Camp White, in the heart of the Rogue River Valley, it got loud very quick.
Construction crews worked 24 hours a day until the base, consisting of 1,300 structures, was complete. Barracks, mess halls, a railroad, full electrical grid and sewer system were all built in six months.
And then the troops arrived.
The newly reinstated 91st Division went on 91-mile-long hikes.
They fired bazookas, mortars and tanks.
And they attacked concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers.
Despite creating what was then Oregon’s second most populous city at 40,000 people, there are now only a few lasting structures proving Camp White ever existed. Sadly, there are even fewer first-hand memories.
The pillboxes are still standing, though. They simultaneously represent a mostly forgotten military legacy and since 2013, an opportunity for historic preservation.
After decades of private cattle farming, Camp White’s pillboxes now rest on public land.
Read the full story about the Camp White pillboxes that rest on the northeast side of Upper Table Rock, an area of critical environmental concern for the BLM: www.facebook.com/notes/blm-oregon-washington/the-wwii-leg...
Take a virtual tour of the pillboxes via this 360-degree video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgHu5y-TtAw
Replicating the scene taken the previous evening with a PCC, but this time with a Milano. June 8, 2017. © 2017 Peter Ehrlich
Concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers rest on an old cattle farm now an area of critical environmental concern managed by the BLM in southwest Oregon, Sept. 26, 2018. BLM photo: Matt Christenson
A quiet oak savanna in southwest Oregon has a World War II story to tell.
It was the summer of 1942 when thousands of young American troops started arriving in Oregon to prepare for battle.
Only months prior, immediately after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor and America’s entry into WWII, the U.S. Army broke ground on Camp White, a massively ambitious training ground for troops north of Medford.
The national war effort was ramping up, and from the rationing at home to the drill sergeants yelling at new draftees, the task at hand was unified: Get America prepared for war as fast as possible.
At Camp White, in the heart of the Rogue River Valley, it got loud very quick.
Construction crews worked 24 hours a day until the base, consisting of 1,300 structures, was complete. Barracks, mess halls, a railroad, full electrical grid and sewer system were all built in six months.
And then the troops arrived.
The newly reinstated 91st Division went on 91-mile-long hikes.
They fired bazookas, mortars and tanks.
And they attacked concrete pillboxes built to replicate Nazi bunkers.
Despite creating what was then Oregon’s second most populous city at 40,000 people, there are now only a few lasting structures proving Camp White ever existed. Sadly, there are even fewer first-hand memories.
The pillboxes are still standing, though. They simultaneously represent a mostly forgotten military legacy and since 2013, an opportunity for historic preservation.
After decades of private cattle farming, Camp White’s pillboxes now rest on public land.
Read the full story about the Camp White pillboxes that rest on the northeast side of Upper Table Rock, an area of critical environmental concern for the BLM: www.facebook.com/notes/blm-oregon-washington/the-wwii-leg...
Sometimes a painting needs to be replicated using photography. This painting was one of those. And upon arriving I could see immediate challenges.
I didnt have the opportunity to scope where the painting was hanging prior to the day. Arriving and seeing that there was good distance in front of the painting was a relief. There is a large window on the right which gave good natural light, but the light was uneven, which meant extra lighting was needed.
Angles are all important here. Reflections are caused by light reflecting at the wrong angle, straight back at the camera. As you can see here there is a rather substantial stairwell which made locating the second light a little tricky to achieve the right angle. In the end I had someone holding the light by hand hard to the right to give balance. This ensured the angle of both lights was similar giving a more even light spread.
You may see that the painting is VERY dark. I really wanted to get some texture, and also replicate the small amount of tonal variation between the cloak he is wearing and the black background, so the balance in exposure was critical. When I went slightly over the texture in paint was blowing out. I ended up using soft boxes to reduce the harshness. I got a nice balance for the final shots. The frame was very shiny, being gold, which was also helped by the soft boxes.
I used the 70-200 at about 135mm to reduce distortion as much as possible. In the end the was very little adjustment required.
I am really happy with how the final images ended up. Oh, and I got to see some pretty stunning paintings whilst there. This is a private residence with a beautiful collection.
Peace, Denis
I've had 3 printing at once, but never all four. Yet.
From left to right:
- RepRap Kossel
- RepRap Prusa i3
- Ultimaker 2
- MakerBot Replicator 1 XL
After successfully replicating a LUT that I liked from another image processing program, I realized it might work well on some photos I took last May around the Perigord Noir region of France.
From a message shared with a friend here on Flickr -
RawTherapee is free - rawtherapee.com/
You'll need to add Pat David's HaldCLUT film emulation collection - rawpedia.rawtherapee.com/Film_Simulation
Relatedly, if you already use the Gimp (see: www.gimp.org/ ) their most recent versions include 32bit floating-point color-space precision settings. I've been waiting 18 years for this (which is why I went with RawTherapee some years back as it was built to have a large color space to work in).
To get film emulation and some other interesting LUTs into the Gimp, check out G'Mic - patdavid.net/2013/08/film-emulation-presets-in-gmic-gimp/
G'Mic site - gmic.eu/
Replication of festoon lighting columns and oriental dragon lanterns at Peasholm Park completed by JW UK on behalf of Scarborough Borough Council
Starting in 2000 I began to model the Milwaukee Road’s former Chicago & Evanston Line that operated on Chicago’s North Side in N-scale. After several years I finished the section that replicated the prototype with street trackage on Lakewood Avenue between Belmont and Wellington. I was inspired by Bill Denton’s famous “Kingsbury” N-scale layout that also modeled the same Milwaukee Road C&E Line but farther south, in downtown Chicago. Bill was an encouragement to me and we displayed our layouts together at two shows.
As I put this diorama into storage as I move onto other projects I wanted to document it. There were no guides or manuals on creating street trackage in N-scale-everything was HO oriented-so I had to sort of had to use trial and error. I hope what I detail below helps future N-scale modelers of urban scenes.
The scene depicted here combines the best of the 1960s and into the early 1980s when the Milwaukee Road abandoned the tracks north of Diversey in 1984. It shows double tracks down the street though by the early 1970s it was consolidated down to one track. Some compression was used. Best Brewing was a customer of the Milwaukee Road before it shut down in the early 1960s while Reed Candy was served by the Milwaukee Road through 1982. Today this scene is unrecognizable except for the Best Brewing complex which is now apartments. Reed Candy was knocked down in the 1990s and replaced by the “Sweeterville” townhomes.
The coal cars shown depict the interchange traffic the Milwaukee Road had with the Chicago Transit Authority at the Buena Yard in the Uptown neighborhood. The Milwaukee Road would hand off coal hoppers, tank cars, boxcars destined for coal yards, fuel oil dealers, and the lumberyard at Howard Avenue. The CTA used electric locomotives to handle the freight cars until it ended in April of 1973. No more would freight trains pass in front of Wrigley Field.
All buildings on this diorama were scratchbuilt from historic photos using a combination of Design Preservation Modules, various components from Walthers kits, Plastruct sheets of molded styrene, Grant Line windows, doors, and frames, and more. And India ink wash over the brick surfaces gave them an aged look. Floquil enamel paints were used.
The track is Atlas Code 80 chosen for its high rail profile which made it easier to model street trackage around it. The roadbed was built up with cork and the pavement made from sheets of card stock and carefully cut styrene in between the rails and at the switch points. Stained, balsa wood strips were used to simulate timber grade crossing protection. The operating signals are from NJ International. To simulate the period specific use of asphalt siding in its various colors on the houses I took pictures of actual siding, scanned the prints, the printed them using an inkjet printer onto paper. The paper was then cut into the right sizes and glued onto the sides of the houses, cutting out the spaces for windows and doors with a knife.
To see my other diorama showing this same line passing Wrigley Field circa 1973 go to www.flickr.com/photos/39092860@N06/albums/72157676195056596
Below is a photo from 1979 showing this same area and buildings.
I want to replicate a memory, but all I see is a blur. I get on a bus… the next thing I remember is the North Beach region… next memory is City Lights Bookstore, then a few books. And then I close my eyes, and it’s no longer 2001, and I’m not almost 18… I’m almost 40.
From the Queensland Heritage Register.
The Treasury Building was erected in three stages between 1886 and 1928.
The site at the junction of the George and Queen Street axes had been reserved for government purposes from 1825, and was associated with the Treasury from the 1860s. It was occupied initially by convict-built officers' quarters and military barracks. In 1864 the military moved from the site and the existing buildings were occupied by the Registrar-General, Treasury and Engineer of Harbours. In 1874 a single-storeyed building for the Registrar-General was erected on the corner of George and Queen Streets, anticipating a government re-development of what had become known as Treasury Square.
In 1883 the colonial government decided to construct new public offices on Treasury Square. A design competition, for a two-storeyed perimeter block to occupy the entire square, was won by Melbourne architects Grainger and D'Ebro, but their design was never used. The newly appointed Queensland colonial architect, John James Clark, argued that the site warranted a four-storeyed complex, to be erected in stages as government accommodation was required. Clark's own design, entered in the competition prior to his appointment as Queensland colonial architect in September 1883, was used.
Clark is significant in Australian architectural history. He received his training and experience in the architectural office of the Victorian Department of Public Works, and designed major public buildings in Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia.
Documentation for the first stage of the Treasury Building, which fronted William Street and the Brisbane River and returned a short distance down Elizabeth and Queen Streets, was completed by mid-1885, and site preparation followed immediately. Tenders for the main contract were called in April 1886, and Sydney builders Phippard Bros & Co. were successful with a contract price of £94,697/10/-. The principal architect on site was Thomas Pye, who resigned from the colonial architect's office in February 1887 to supervise the construction as a Phippard Bros employee.
When completed in September 1889, the new centre of government administration in Queensland was occupied by the Premier, Colonial Secretary, Registrar-General (in a purpose-built fire-proof section at the corner of William and Elizabeth Streets), Treasury, Mines, Works, Police and Auditor-General. It was home to the Cabinet and frequently to the Executive Council from late 1889 to 1905.
Stage two, which completed the Elizabeth Street section and continued two-thirds of the way along the George Street frontage, was commenced almost immediately. The documentation and working drawings were prepared by Thomas Pye, re-employed by the colonial architect's office to supervise the project. Tenders were called in April 1890, and the principal contract was let to builder John Jude of Adelaide, with a contract price of £67,000.
The contract was completed by February 1893 and the new wing was occupied in the middle of that year by the Registrar of Titles, Justice, Works, Public Instruction and the State Savings Bank, for whom a purpose-built banking chamber was included in the design which in all other details replicated stage one. Later in 1893 the courtyard was landscaped with a grass oval surrounded by a gravel carriageway, border planting, and trees.
The site then consisted of stages one and two of the Treasury Building, and the 1874 office of the Registrar-General.
In the 1890s and early 1900s the imposing Treasury Building served as a symbol of self-government and as a focus for celebratory and patriotic displays. In 1901 the proclamation of the Australian Commonwealth was read from a balcony on the William Street elevation.
Owing to the construction around the turn of the century of new offices for the Department of Agriculture and the Executive Building (QHR 600123), which provided additional government accommodation, work on the third stage of the Treasury Building was not started until 1922. The Registrar-General's building was demolished late 1922/early 1923, and construction commenced in mid-1923, using day labour. This was deliberate government encouragement of state enterprise, as was the government acquisition of Millers Quarries at Helidon to provide the stone.
The front elevation of the third section differed only slightly from Clark's original concept, although structurally and in internal materials and fittings it was a 1920s building. It was completed, occupied and opened officially in 1928 at a final cost of £137,817, providing expanded accommodation for existing Treasury Building tenants.
In the 1950s, demand for further accommodation led to the construction in 1961 of a five-storeyed annex in the courtyard. In 1971 the Treasury and Works Departments moved to the new Executive Building at 100 George Street, thus severing the Treasury Building's connection with these principal government departments. The annex was demolished in 1987, in anticipation of a major government refurbishment of the site.
Since 1989 the Registrar-General has remained the sole occupant of the Treasury Building, but it continues to be the best known and identifiable government office building in Queensland.
A comparison of four different common 3D-print layer heights.
• 0.34 mm/layer - Low (340 microns)
• 0.27 mm/layer - Medium (270 microns)
• 0.1 mm/layer - High (100 microns)
• 0.05 mm/layer - Super fine (50 microns)
These models where 3D printed with blue 1.75 mm PLA plastic filament on a MakerBot Replicator 2 3D printer.
The sample 3D model for this print is MorenaP's popular tree frog: www.thingiverse.com/derivative:34468
3D-printer: makerbot.creativetools.se
Laser-cut plate: www.thingiverse.com/thing:69351
Neuroscience Prof. Anil Seth argues that conscious human intelligence is tightly coupled to our living, biological substrate, not replicable or simulatable in silicon. Here are some of my reactions to his thought-provoking piece:
If human intelligence and consciousness is substrate dependent, as asserted, even down to individual neurons being irreplaceable by silicon substrates, then some precise and strong claims emerge: uploading human consciousness to a new substrate (as referenced in the article) would not be possible, and the BCI companies should not be able to augment the core of human intelligence. This would have profound implications on the possibility of “humanity” going along for the ride of exponential progress in AI.
(As an aside, it’s far more likely that our biology is left behind, and building an AI that exceeds human intelligence will likely happen before we fully understand the brains we have. It’s easier to build a new one than reverse engineer the complex product of an iterative algorithm like evolution, cortical pruning, or neural net development. The locus of learning shifts to the process, not the product of development.)
Let me lend further evidence to the article’s claim that neural complexity vastly exceeds the neural net abstractions of current AI, and that human intelligence may be substrate dependent. At the high level of the connectome, the average adult has 1000 input synapses to each neuron, and a newborn baby has 10,000. Silicon chips do not have enough metal layers to implement this level of fan-in per gate. And these connections are dynamic; 90% are pruned in childhood development, and neurons that fire together wire together in a dynamic and ongoing remapping over time. Pure, detailed biomimicry of the brain in mainstream CMOS silicon may be impossible, for now and the foreseeable future. Dynamic interconnect is the issue, and it may require a fully 3D, fluid, low power substrate. Like the brain. And it might take some of the special chemical properties of carbon to capture the richness (I wondered about this in 2005)
On the other end of the spectrum, the complexity of the neuron vastly exceeds a simple sigmoid voting circuit or digital gate abstraction. Ion channels activate like a bucket brigade down each synapse. HIV-like particles and endogenous cannabinoids may play a role in nearest neighbor interactions outside the synapse. The extra-cellular matrix, like the potting soil outside the neuron, relaxes in a long series of critical periods of childhood development, and under the influence of psychedelics, changing the neuroplasticity for interconnect changes. And the neuron types may be vastly more varied that the observable phenotypic buckets (pyramidal, mirror neurons, etc.). MIT’s Ed Boyden believes that the gene expression of each neuron is unique — literally billions of different neuron types.
But, even if human intelligence and consciousness are fully substrate dependent, it does not follow that human-level intelligence is impossible with a different substrate. We may have only one existence proof from biological evolution, but that does not imply exclusivity in the space of possibilities. The substrate of our brains is not very different from less intelligent animals; our unique advancement came from layering on more self-similar cortex — not a better substrate but more of it.
There is much of our substrate that is unique from its evolutionary origins and as a way to make the most of it – it’s quite a miracle that meat can think at all… and do math and compute, even if we choose not to. We can imagine a certain percentage of our substrate is for basic metabolic support and garbage collection and not fundamentally essential for the thinking at hand, when abstracted at the right level. It’s like the power supply implementation of a computer not being essential to the computation architecture itself. Some portion of the genetic code in each neuron is a vestigial passenger from viral transposons of the past.
It’s safe to say that some fraction of our substrate is critical to the architecture of intelligence, and the critical exercise of biomimicry is to figure out the right level of abstraction, the right level of detail, if we wish to follow a similar path in a different substrate.
The critique of current AI approaches as falling short with an over-simplistic simplification may be correct, but not insurmountable. Or the shortcomings could be a vestige of the architecture and process of training the LLMs of today. A number of the AI advances of the past decade were focused on Reinforcement Learning. It was Deep Mind’s initial focus. There has been a revival of late, with some like Yann LeCun arguing that LLMs will never get us there… but RL will. We have believed for many years that the future of AI compute will be analog in-memory compute, as implemented in Mythic chips, and the brain. Some believe it will require an embodied intelligence interacting with the world of physical AI. Jeff Hawkins is working on a memory prediction architecture arguing that the brain is not a computer at all (and perhaps the qualia of consciousness is the merely the retrospective sensemaking of predictions occurring continuously at all layers of the cortex). Perhaps we will need a coincidence detector for asynchronous circuits to mimic the fire-together/wire-together paradigm (perhaps with reversible-computing resonators). Perhaps a neurosymbolic hybrid will bear fruit in mimicking different brain regions distinctly. Perhaps we will need a series of critical periods, like human children, with a path dependence on the sequencing of neural net training. There are many possibilities and exciting work to come, a Cambrian explosion of sorts, exploring different abstractions of architecture and processes of training.
While we humans want to feel special, unique, and central to the future, it does not make it so. One day, we will have a more advanced non-human intelligence that is conscious. That will happen quite simply by considering the next million years of continued biological evolution, with a selection function that rewards intelligence. To argue otherwise is to argue that homo sapiens are somehow the endpoint of evolution. Evolution does not suddenly end, even if we wish it to. The biological substrate of our successor species will likely be similar to ours, as the primary vector of evolutionary progress operates most rapidly at the highest level of abstraction. The open question is whether non-biological evolutionary algorithms will usher in non-biological intelligence that is superhuman and conscious in a handful of years if we are pursuing the right level of abstraction for conscious intelligence or maybe decades if we need to explore radically different analogs to our analog meat minds.
— Anil Seth is the director of the Centre for Consciousness Science at the University of Sussex. Here is his article in Noema