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Apologies for posting this but there are interesting things to write about here. This unfortunate female Mallard had attracted the unwanted attention of three males. Mallards are highly unusual in this kind of mating system as it is usually a highly ritualised courtship, and even in Mallards only descends to this when you get groups of hormone-charged unpaired males.
Most birds mate by pressing their cloacal openings together but about 3% of birds have penises, and this includes ducks. A drake Mallard's penis shrinks to about a tenth of its size for most of the year but regrows for the mating season. It is stored inside the body, only bursting out for copulation. Moreover, it is corkscrew-shaped, and some species, are equipped with brushes for removing the sperms of previous matings. But the female reproductive tract is also a complicated shape, and can be the opposite spiral to the male's penis. Many duck species including Mallard have a skewed sex ratio in favour of males, meaning that females can afford to be choosy who they mate with. But a skewed sex ratio also means that many mediocre males would not get to mate. So they have evolved a penis that would enable them to force a female to mate. This skewed sex ratio also explains the promiscuous gang rape system illustrated here. But females ducks have fought back evolutionarily speaking, with increasingly complex reproductive tracts to prevent males from fertilising their eggs by force with their pop-up corkscrew penises. Such as the "thread" on their reproductive tract spiralling in the opposite direction to the male's penis. The female reproductive tract also has blind alleys where unwanted sperm can end up. This type of evolutionary arms race between the sexes is known as antagonistic co-evolution. Females can tighten their reproductive tract to make it difficult for sperm to reach the eggs. As many as 35% of Mallard copulations are forced, yet these only result in 3 to 5% of the offspring. If she wants to mate she can relax the tract and allow his sperm passage. Because the cloaca is also the excretory tract (Cloaca is Latin for sewer), raped females can defecate right after forced sex and eject sperm. Occasionally females will drown during such encounters but the rampant males will continue trying to mate even after her death. I have also heard of cases where male Mallards have attempted to mate with males who have died.
I apologise for the crude title too. I was going to call it "Sabine's Duck?" with reference to the rape of the Sabine Women in Roman Mythology, and a nod to Sabine's Gull, but I thought it might be a bit too obscure. And one final thing: When Linnaeus first gave Mallard a scientific name in 1758, he mistakenly named both the male and female as different species. He called the male Anas boschas and the female Anas platyrhynchos, and it was the male name that was adopted for 150 years, until 1906 when Einar Lönnberg noticed that the female name appeared two pages earlier in the text of Systema Naturae (10th edition). There is a strict law of precedence in taxonomy and the earliest name prevails, so Anas boschas was ditched in favour of Anas platyrhynchos (which means broad-billed duck).
*Working Towards a Better World
This is a collage that I did with coloured tissue papers, panties and acrylics on paper. My reason for doing it has to be obvious. Somehow, we have to find a way to stop this dreadful and barbaric behavior, no-one in the world should have to be subjected to rape!!!
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Had to wait about half an hour for this light, but glad I did!
Canola was developed through conventional plant breeding from rapeseed, an oilseed plant already used in ancient civilization as a fuel. The word “rape” in rapeseed comes from the Latin word “rapum,” meaning turnip.
Turnip, rutabaga, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, mustard, and many other vegetables are related to the two natural canola varieties commonly grown, which are cultivars of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa. The change in name serves to distinguish it from natural rapeseed oil, which has much higher erucic acid content.
Hundreds of years ago, rapeseed oil was used as a fuel in lamps in Asia and Europe. The Chinese and Indians used a form of rapeseed oil that was unrefined (natural). Its use was limited until the development of steam power, when machinists found rapeseed oil clung to water- or steam-washed metal surfaces better than other lubricants.
World War II saw high demand for the oil as a lubricant for the rapidly increasing number of steam engines in naval and merchant ships. When the war blocked European and Asian sources of rapeseed oil, a critical shortage developed and Canada began to expand its limited rapeseed production.
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The Rape of Persephone (Italian: Ratto di Proserpina) is a large Baroque marble sculptural group by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1621 and 1622.
Bernini was only 23 years old at its completion. It depicts the abduction of Persephone, who is seized and taken to the underworld by the god Hades.
Borghese Gallery - Rome
Clict to view LARGE size on black - Trust me, it is better :o)
This is classic view on Tuscany in May.
On the most of fields are blooming rape.
This photo is from Orcia Valley (Val d´orcia).
*Working Towards a Better World
This painting is done in mixed media on canvas addressing the cruel and hateful subject of rape. Women and girls deserve respect, common courtesy, kindness, love, admiration and to always be treated fairly, the right to live equally and have their own mind. Women and girls are people, with brains, hearts, and self-respect, they should always be treated with dignity.
Here are some sites with helpful thoughts:
What you Should Know About Rape and Sexual Assault
www.datehookup.com/content-what-you-should-know-about-rap...
Rape Crisis England & Wales
www.rapecrisis.org.uk/commonmyths2.php
SOAR/Speaking Out About Rape
Reason.com
reason.com/blog/2014/10/24/fckh8-uses-little-girls-as-pro...