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Looking back at 2017 #5... Pictured at Rowsley South, the home of the Heritage Shunters Trust, shortly after arrival, PWM 650 looks in need of a bit of TLC. Considering the prodigious output of Ruston, it seems strange that so few were bought by British Railways. The most notable example was there LSSE type, BR's class 07. Before that, however, British Railways Western Region bought a handful of 165DE shunters, and the first to be delivered was this one (Ruston works number 312290/1952). A further 4 were purchased 7 years later, PWM 654 can be seen behind, largely similar to their colleague, but with a few detail differences. Hopefully, it will not be too long before we see this fine machine running again.
Wiring Diagram
General Description
The Arduino controls the Stepper Motor motor though the Easy Driver board using PWM. The direction and speed of the motor is determined through the position of the two switches (Fast/Slow, Up/Down) and is defined in the code for the Arduino.
Power for the Arduino is supplied via a 9 volt battery which is switched and connected to the power jack on the Arduino. There is also an LED attached as a power indicator but this can be omitted if you would like. You can also use a wall adapter and USB cable to supply power to the Arduino. In this case the Power switch is out of the loop and will not have an effect on the power to the Arduino.
Power for the stepper motor is supplied via an external 12volt regulator connected to the EasyDriver board.
The Arduino program uses the Analog Inputs on pins A2 and A3 from the switches to determine the position of the switches and call the appropriate routine to set speed and direction of the motor. "Fast" speed is relative here and is just faster than the standard sidereal rate of the stars moving across the sky.
The Arduino code is started assuming that the barn door is at it's lowest position. This way it can track how far it has gone and automatically stop at the upper and lower limits of the barn door swing. You may have to adjust the MaxUp variable value to define where the upper limit is of your particular build. It really depends on the length of threaded rod used to raise and lower the barn door.
The Arduino digital pins 8, and 9 are used to send PWM information tot he EasyDriver board for control of the stepper motor.
Adjustments may have to be made to the DelayTime value in the code to make up for differences in gearing that maybe used and delays induced by the code running and doing its thing. The target speed is ultimate to drive the threaded rod at 1 RPM for the standard sidereal rate.
The Arduino Sketch (programming code) for this project can be found HERE.
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Fiat Multipla 'Studer' toy shop Palermo, with model pedal cars on the roof, 1:43 scale.
From an Eaglemoss series 'Veicoli Commerciali D'Epoca', possibly made by IXO.
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1978 MGB GT.
H&H classic car auction, Buxton -
"Chassis No: GHD5474634G
26,710 miles from new and just 4 previous keepers
Offered with a collection of old MOT's, handbook and spare key
Fitted with stainless steel exhaust, electronic ignition and MOT'd into July 2019
Vendor Condition Ratings:
Bodywork: 'Very Good'
Engine: 'Very Good'
Electrical Equipment: 'Very Good'
Paintwork: 'Very Good'
Gearbox: 'Very Good'
Interior Trim: 'Very Good'."
Sold for ÂŁ4275 on an estimate of ÂŁ4000 - ÂŁ4500.
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The BMW-Welt covered in blue, showing the genes of great German Cars, taken during the Lange Nacht der Architektur
This 8 channel PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) card using NE555 timers is based on a test circuit devised and published by Giorgos Lazaridis in 2009. It is part of enhancements to the exhibition "public control panel" to provide wired operation of signals and points (turnouts) on the 16mm scale exhibit using servos instead of solenoids. The aim is more reliable control with slower, more realistic movement - a sort of "fly by wire" for model railways...
A double header travelling to Hayes Knoll.
Ruston 0-6-0DE PWM 651 built 1959. BR Class 97/6.
& BR 03 D2152
BR 119 DMU.
Foto para la 19 Gymkana de Canonistas. Tema: Es hora de dejarlo.
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The Allianz Arena showing blue color, taken at the Lange Nacht der Architektur while waiting there with some friends
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Ruston & Hornsby 0-6-0 Diesel Electric Per-Way shunter, PWM 650/97650, in the depot yard at Reading. February 1985.
The L298 H-bridge board, with protection diodes, mounted on the back of the robot/car chassis. I used M3 nylon PCB standoffs for this, and used two of the existing holes in the chassis. I had to drill two additional holes for the two standoff pillars nearest the battery.
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Gracias a todos por vuestros comentarios y reconocimientos...
Por favor, no use esta imagen en los sitios web, blogs u otros medios de comunicaciĂłn sin mi permiso explĂcito - Todos los derechos reservados ©.
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Gracias a todos por vuestros comentarios y reconocimientos...
Por favor, no use esta imagen en los sitios web, blogs u otros medios de comunicaciĂłn sin mi permiso explĂcito - Todos los derechos reservados ©.
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One for the oldies amongst us.....
97653 one of 5 Great Western Permanent Way Machines (PWM) built for use in Pre-Assembley Depots (PAD's) where the weight of a more usual Class 08 was too heavy. Based on the Class 04 Shunter, they were numbered PWM650-654 & later became 97650-654, before being made redundant by EWS & either sold or scrapped.
97653 is seen at Radyr PAD on 15/3/1986. Presumably the resident Radyr machine (97651) was away for works attention when this picture was taken.
Former departmental shunter 97651 (originally PWM 651) at work on the Northampton and Lamport Railway on 31 December 2000. This train was top and tailed with 45118.
PWM 651 was delivered new to the Western Region of BR from Ruston and Hornsby in 1959, and spent almost all of its BR career based at Radyr, and then Canton. It was withdrawn in October 1998, and then preserved, initially, at Pitsford and Brampton. It was ironic that 97651 was preserved at Pitsford, as this is the nearest preservation site to my house (about a 45 minute walk), whereas I had seen a lot of PWM 651 as a spotter in the 60s in Cardiff. It was always (or so it seemed) at Radyr during the week, but at weekends could be seen almost anywhere in South Wales attending engineering works,
97651 moved from Pitsford to the Strathspey Railway in 2008, but, since August 2015, has been based on the Swindon and Cricklade Railway.
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Part of why I haven't been out taking pictures much lately is this - Science!
The other part is that it's beastly hot out whenever the sun happens to be up. So, nothing for it for a pasty easily-burnt sort like me but to stay inside and Scientificate.
I need to figure out how to photograph an oscilloscope properly - this turned out OK, but I had to image-tweak the screen separately from the rest of the shot (and did so a bit sloppily, as you can see around the edges).
I've taken on a little project which will be useful to me in the future, but is also intended to ease me into analog design and o-scope use.
All I need is a little circuit which will pump out a steady negative 12 volts DC at up to 10 milliamps, given a 5 volt DC input. Several manufacturers make chips that do exactly that, but I want to design this myself. It's a lot like doing my old Physics homework, only more fun.
There are circuit designs all over the place relating to different ways to do stuff like that, so I picked one and got building. I went for the Cockcroft-Walton type voltage multiplier, just because I've always wanted to build one of those. It will need an alternating-current power source providing more current than a microcontroller can directly supply, so I'll be driving it with a discrete bipolar-transistor-based push/pull arrangement, also known as a "totem pole" from the way it looks in a schematic diagram.
A totem pole uses two transistors - one to push voltage/current to the load from the positive voltage rail, and the other to pull the load down to ground. To get an AC source going, your control circuitry has to switch the transistors on one at a time, push-pull-push-pull and so on, at some frequency determined through mathematics and cleverness.
It's very bad if both the transistors are on at the same time. They form a short circuit from the positive voltage rail to ground, allowing a ton of current to flow, and the Magic Smoke is released from one or both of them. By trying to be clever and do things the easy way, I've burned up two transistors in the last two days, something I haven't done since college. It's all part of learning! And hell, the transistors I'm using are dirt cheap.
Happily, the microcontroller I'm using to juggle all this provides a mechanism for safeguarding against this exact problem. It can cause two of its pins to emit triggering pulses that are opposite to one another and spaced apart by a small delay, and that's what you see on the scope here. The top two rows of dashes are the output from one of the pins, the bottom two are the output from the other. You can see that the dashes in the upper row of each set are shorter than the dashes in the lower rows, and an upper-dash for one pin is nicely bracketed by a lower-dash for the other. Those upper-dashes are what cause each of the totem pole transistors to switch on, so the little delay in between, the "dead time", ensures they don't come on at the same time and pop.
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Measuring setup Lego Mindstorms signals. Because there are no extension cables, you have to make them yourself. For this I used a PI Hat lego and separated the connector layout. Then I soldered a piece of extension flat cable to a test board to connect the scope.
Here is the Medium motor connected. The PWM frequency is 1.2KHz. The RS232 works on 115K baud. Now I can record the whole protocol of Lego. Also I can determine how a selfmade device can be connected to the hub. This is necessary to let Lego and Fischertechnik work together.
Meetopstelling Lego Mindstorms signalen. Omdat er geen verleng kabels bestaan moet je die zelf maken om metingen te kunnen maken. Hiervoor heb ik een PI Hat lego gebruikt en de connector layout afgezonderd. Daarna een stukje verleng flat kabel aan gesoldeerd naar een test printje om de scope aan te sluiten.
Hier is de Medium motor aangesloten. De PWM freq. is 1.2KHz. De RS232 werkt op 115K baud. Nu kan ik het ganse protocol van Lego opnemen. Ook kan ik verder bepalen hoe een zelf gemaakte device aan de hub kan verbonden worden. Dit is van toepassing om Lego en Fischertechnik samen te laten werken.
“Claremont Road” has five Arduino UNO microcontrollers which control train movements, along with PWM (servo adapted) points/turnouts, and signals according to pre-written programs or “sketches”. This is a completely different concept from DCC.
The master co-ordinating UNO gets feedback from the track through 14 enbedded infra-red proximity detectors,
Slaves 1-3 are UNO “train drivers”,
Slave 4 handles the display and lights. The orange display shows the current mode and commands being passed between the UNOs via a short-wire protocol known as I2C.
A nice telephoto view of the yard at Radyr, South Wales on a roastingly hot Summer's day in 1982 I think.
A few Class 37's, the resident PWM shunter, a Class 08 and some BR workers complete a typically busy scene. The PWM is almost certainly PWM651 as this was the home base.
Shame I chopped off the front floodlight pylon.
Gracias a todos por vuestros comentarios y reconocimientos...
Por favor, no use esta imagen en los sitios web, blogs u otros medios de comunicaciĂłn sin mi permiso explĂcito - Todos los derechos reservados ©.
Please don't use this image on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit permission - All Rights Reserved ©.