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The Story of Cambrian Colliery.
The Latin name for Wales was 'Cambria', hence the extension 'Cambrian' (properly pronounced as Cam-bree-an) for things Welsh, including 'Welshman'. Cambrian also refers to rock formations of 550-500 million years ago, making it an apt name for the colliery which once sat at the back of the Clydach Valley. Cambrian Colliery had four coal-producing shafts: Nos. 1 and 2, sunk 1872-74; No. 3, sinking completed June 1891; and No. 4, sinking completed by early 1914 at latest. No.2 pit closed in 1956 and No.3 in 1936. In exploiting the Pentre, 2ft. 9in, Six Feet, Red (Vein), Nine Feet, Bute, Yard and Five Feet seams (listed in geological order of descent) the colliery accumulated a massive workforce and this peaked at 4,898 in 1923, with 798 of those (more than the total workforce in some collieries!) being employed at the surface. Three explosions occurred there, one of steam in No. 2 pit's winding engine-house on November 11th, 1900 when four men were killed, and two of firedamp -- March 10th, 1905 in the Six Feet seam, and May 17th, 1965 in the Pentre seam - killing 33 and 31 men respectively.
At its peak Cambrian produced over one million tons of saleable coal per annum, extracted via the heading and stall, fully hand-won system of working --100% pick and shovel. This system yielded a low output per man-shift and was very wasteful, leaving a large quantity of roof-supporting pillars of coal in the workings. The coal was released from the face by a collier, lying on his side with mandrel in hand, perilously undercutting the seam at the bottom and propping its upper level as he advanced, hoping it did not collapse whilst he was under it. When he had sufficiently undercut the seam he carefully knocked out the props, thus bringing down large sections of the face. Usually, the fallen coal had to be reduced to lesser but still large sizes that could be lifted into the tram, but as the use of shovels was prohibited to prevent unwanted small coal entering, smaller lumps were gathered by hand, placed into and discharged from large steel scoops known as curling boxes. In low seams, the box was pushed ahead of or dragged behind the user for the duration of the coal-filling, a process which could last eight hours. This was merely one aspect of a punishing, soul-destroying method of work that caused early deaths, and engendered deformities of the body and premature aging of many colliers and their boys. Although those numbers are unknown they must be considered as many thousands, for in 1913, in Rhondda alone, almost ten million tons of coal was produced in this inefficient, torturous way. This method of work continued for the first fifty or sixty years or so of Cambrian's life, until the advent of conveyors; these were later augmented by the introduction of pneumatic picks and compressed air or electrically driven, seam undercutting machines, which in No. 1 pit were replaced in the late 1950s by sophisticated, mechanised systems. All of these systems employed the long-wall method of extraction, one which left no coal in its wake, and where, particularly on mechanised faces, the work was less arduous than the heading and stall method.
Cambrian's history cannot be recounted without mention of David Alfred Thomas. The son of Cambrian's co-founder Samuel Thomas, D.A. Thomas was a hard, much despised man, whose greed and desire to dominate would have a devastating effect on lives in mid-Rhondda. An enormously wealthy but mean and cold-hearted man, he had no interest in the welfare of his workers, an attitude confirmed by the absence in the Clydach Valley of any social institutions or facilities created at his behest, a lack of benevolence which starkly contrasted to the munificence of the respected coal-owner and philanthropist Archibald Hood at the nearby, and also mighty, Llwynypia Colliery. Thomas aspired to control South Wales' coal production and thereby regulate the price he paid the workforce to produce it. To enable this he established the Cambrian Combine, a group which controlled Cambrian, Llwynypia (after Hood's death), Naval, Ely, Nantgwyn and Britannic (Gilfach Goch) Collieries and attempted to force colliers at the small Ely colliery to sign a disadvantageous Bute seam price list, one unsigned at all the other collieries but which, if signed at Ely, would have applied to all, and netted the Combine many millions of pounds in extra profit. The proposed price-list contained no concessions for abnormal conditions of any kind; if the collier needed to fill six trams to earn a reasonable wage, but was restricted by the conditions to two, three or four, then the revenue from that number of trams would be deemed his contract earnings for that day, and would not attract any allowances! The Ely workmen refused to sign the price-list and the owners responded in August 1910 by locking the gates to the workforce, setting in motion circumstances which culminated in the South Wales Miners Federation declaring an official strike from November 1st 1910. It is recorded that the next ten months were a bloody and brutal period in Rhondda's history, with one miner killed by 'blows to the head with a blunt instrument'. Eventually the physical actions of the strikers at the six collieries were quelled, their aggression reduced to a simmering resentment in the face of an overpowering presence of 1500 imported police and six regiments of soldiers. In September 1911, despite their fortitude and courage, the dire circumstances in which they and their families existed compelled a return to work. After ten months opposition it was a bitter eating of the leek, but their struggles had not been completely in vain, for even amongst Britain's establishment society there were those with uneasy consciences, they who realised that no man would put his family through such degradation without just cause. This consensus gathered pace and resulted in the 1912 enactment of a law that gave the workmen guarantee of a minimum daily wage. In their massively prominent contribution to the establishment of that right the men of Cambrian, Llwynypia, Naval, Nantgwyn, Ely and Britannic created a legend that exists to this day; in defeat they and their families had exhibited unparalleled courage and unquenchable spirit, qualities which Rhondda miners were once more forced to display in the fight against the Thatcher administration almost seventy years later. By their very nature, collieries were crucibles of socialism, and from Llwynypia Colliery in 1910 sprang two leaders in 31 years old Will John and 28 years old John Hopla. Leaders of the Combine Workmen's Committee during the strike, they were impatient with William 'Mabon' Abraham, President of the South Wales Miners Federation, whom they viewed as placatory, and too close to the coal-owners. Perhaps singled out as examples, John and Hopla (the latter died in 1914) were each punished with a jail sentence of one year for their parts in 'unlawful assembly and rioting' at Ely Colliery in 1911. In 1920 Will John entered Parliament as MP. for Rhondda West, and was followed in 1933 by Cambrian workman and Workmen's Committee delegate Will Mainwaring who represented Rhondda East. As a 27 years old in 1911, Mainwaring had also brushed with the police, fighting alongside other miners in Tonypandy street skirmishes. All three were men without agendas, each impelled from within to fight the injustice of an iniquitous system under which colliers and boys were compelled to risk their lives and health for a pittance, a degrading process that stripped them of dignity. John, Hopla, Mainwaring -- they were inspirational, giants of their time, and men of unequalled conviction whose names quickly entered folklore, ones remembered in Rhondda over a century later.
The passing of that century has also allowed the truth to be known about the Bute seam and its contentious price-list. The writer, and others from a small, dwindling band who worked in the Bute until its 1964 abandonment at Cambrian, remember it as a dangerous, often geologically disturbed seam that was overlain by a measure of solid rock many yards in thickness. Between the bottom of the solid rock and the top of the Bute seam there existed a consolidated layer of mud and clay known as shale, which when disturbed as the coal was worked, exhibited its friable nature. This caused the collier to spend much time packing roof cavities with pieces of timber, preventing the crumbly shale losing contact with the upper rock layer. If not supported, that layer would inevitably converge and collapse, sometimes spectacularly so, making a complete coal-face inaccessible. Such dangers often caused a fireman or over-man to instruct the collier to stand 'notched timber'; this was the best system of conventional roof support and involved the use of timber 'arms' and 'collars' of circular cross-section, all notched by hatchet in Welsh style, interlocked when erected. They were more substantial and durable, but more time-consuming in preparation and erection than the arrangement of two un-notched timber arms (posts), merely placed under a horizontal wooden prop ('flat') of semi-circular cross-section. Nevertheless, even the notched arrangement, set on a solid rock floor, could prove fallible to the enormous roof pressure of the converging rock when the crumbling shale 'melted' -- disintegrated -- above the roof props.
When it was attempted to work the Bute with a reduced seam height it was incredible to see arms, notched or un-notched driven through its false floor, an eight inch thick bed of rock, a mudstone also known as 'bunker' or 'clod'. Such irresistible pressure ('squeeze'), exerted over the collier's entire workplace prevented the normal separation of coal from the face. Many millions of tons of Bute coal were produced in Rhondda but even with the benefits of a pneumatic pick and a conveyor, when a combination of the above negatives occurred, it was often impossible for a collier to fill his quota - confirmation of the contentions by heading and stall colliers at Ely Colliery in 1910-11, who worked it without mechanical advantages! It is also worthy of mention that at Cambrian the brief mechanisation of one Bute district proved to be totally impractical because of its overall treacherous nature, underlining the fact that man was the most versatile coal-winning machine ever employed underground.
Cambrian closed on September 24th, 1966. It was then working the hugely unprofitable Lower Nine Feet / Bute seam in No.4 pit, and the limited reserves of the thin, thirty-four inches thick Pentre seam in No.1. In its last full financial year of 1965-66, with a manpower of 781 men (inc. surface workers) it produced 187,600 saleable tons, at a loss of £1.90 per ton - £356,000 in total. Many years of unprofitability had preceded that deficit and with the once bounteous reserves of its 2,000 acres area of extraction completely exhausted, the colliery had arrived at the end of its life. Its demolition, and the subsequent landscaping of the site, has obliterated every aspect of a workplace that entered the souls of those who worked there, a unique place whose disappearance has left a muted community and silent valley. Only those who remember it during its industrial period will know how great the contrast is. Bill Richards. © 2015.
Nottingham General Hospital (founded in 1782 and closed in 1992) was the first properly constituted hospital in Nottingham, England.
It was part of the area known as Nottingham Park, immediately to the north of Nottingham Castle and near the wharves, and was founded on land of which one half was given by Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne for the purpose, and the other half by the town corporation.
The architect of the first building was John Simpson, with later additions by many hands, including extensions by Alfred Waterhouse. It opened with 44 beds.
In 1787 the hospital was extended with the opening of the Derbyshire wing. A third storey was built onto the original building in 1855. Another new wing on the Park Row frontage opened in 1879, and the Jubilee Wing with circular wards opened in 1900.
The Nurses Memorial Home was opened by the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) in 1923 as a monument to the First World War dead of Nottinghamshire. The Ropewalk Wing opened in 1929, the Player Wing in 1932 and the Castle Ward in 1943.
In 1948, at the formation of the National Health Service, the hospital came under the Sheffield Regional Hospital Board. Nottingham General Hospital comprised 423 beds with an additional 114 at the Cedars.
The Intensive Care Unit was built in 1963 and the Trent Wing in 1972.
Parts of the former premises have passed into the possession of the Nottingham City Primary Care Trust, and others have been demolished or been converted to other uses.
The Story of Cambrian Colliery.
The Latin name for Wales was 'Cambria', hence the extension 'Cambrian' (properly pronounced as Cam-bree-an) for things Welsh, including 'Welshman'. Cambrian also refers to rock formations of 550-500 million years ago, making it an apt name for the colliery which once sat at the back of the Clydach Valley. Cambrian Colliery had four coal-producing shafts: Nos. 1 and 2, sunk 1872-74; No. 3, sinking completed June 1891; and No. 4, sinking completed by early 1914 at latest. No.2 pit closed in 1956 and No.3 in 1936. In exploiting the Pentre, 2ft. 9in, Six Feet, Red (Vein), Nine Feet, Bute, Yard and Five Feet seams (listed in geological order of descent) the colliery accumulated a massive workforce and this peaked at 4,898 in 1923, with 798 of those (more than the total workforce in some collieries!) being employed at the surface. Three explosions occurred there, one of steam in No. 2 pit's winding engine-house on November 11th, 1900 when four men were killed, and two of firedamp -- March 10th, 1905 in the Six Feet seam, and May 17th, 1965 in the Pentre seam - killing 33 and 31 men respectively.
At its peak Cambrian produced over one million tons of saleable coal per annum, extracted via the heading and stall, fully hand-won system of working --100% pick and shovel. This system yielded a low output per man-shift and was very wasteful, leaving a large quantity of roof-supporting pillars of coal in the workings. The coal was released from the face by a collier, lying on his side with mandrel in hand, perilously undercutting the seam at the bottom and propping its upper level as he advanced, hoping it did not collapse whilst he was under it. When he had sufficiently undercut the seam he carefully knocked out the props, thus bringing down large sections of the face. Usually, the fallen coal had to be reduced to lesser but still large sizes that could be lifted into the tram, but as the use of shovels was prohibited to prevent unwanted small coal entering, smaller lumps were gathered by hand, placed into and discharged from large steel scoops known as curling boxes. In low seams, the box was pushed ahead of or dragged behind the user for the duration of the coal-filling, a process which could last eight hours. This was merely one aspect of a punishing, soul-destroying method of work that caused early deaths, and engendered deformities of the body and premature aging of many colliers and their boys. Although those numbers are unknown they must be considered as many thousands, for in 1913, in Rhondda alone, almost ten million tons of coal was produced in this inefficient, torturous way. This method of work continued for the first fifty or sixty years or so of Cambrian's life, until the advent of conveyors; these were later augmented by the introduction of pneumatic picks and compressed air or electrically driven, seam undercutting machines, which in No. 1 pit were replaced in the late 1950s by sophisticated, mechanised systems. All of these systems employed the long-wall method of extraction, one which left no coal in its wake, and where, particularly on mechanised faces, the work was less arduous than the heading and stall method.
Cambrian's history cannot be recounted without mention of David Alfred Thomas. The son of Cambrian's co-founder Samuel Thomas, D.A. Thomas was a hard, much despised man, whose greed and desire to dominate would have a devastating effect on lives in mid-Rhondda. An enormously wealthy but mean and cold-hearted man, he had no interest in the welfare of his workers, an attitude confirmed by the absence in the Clydach Valley of any social institutions or facilities created at his behest, a lack of benevolence which starkly contrasted to the munificence of the respected coal-owner and philanthropist Archibald Hood at the nearby, and also mighty, Llwynypia Colliery. Thomas aspired to control South Wales' coal production and thereby regulate the price he paid the workforce to produce it. To enable this he established the Cambrian Combine, a group which controlled Cambrian, Llwynypia (after Hood's death), Naval, Ely, Nantgwyn and Britannic (Gilfach Goch) Collieries and attempted to force colliers at the small Ely colliery to sign a disadvantageous Bute seam price list, one unsigned at all the other collieries but which, if signed at Ely, would have applied to all, and netted the Combine many millions of pounds in extra profit. The proposed price-list contained no concessions for abnormal conditions of any kind; if the collier needed to fill six trams to earn a reasonable wage, but was restricted by the conditions to two, three or four, then the revenue from that number of trams would be deemed his contract earnings for that day, and would not attract any allowances! The Ely workmen refused to sign the price-list and the owners responded in August 1910 by locking the gates to the workforce, setting in motion circumstances which culminated in the South Wales Miners Federation declaring an official strike from November 1st 1910. It is recorded that the next ten months were a bloody and brutal period in Rhondda's history, with one miner killed by 'blows to the head with a blunt instrument'. Eventually the physical actions of the strikers at the six collieries were quelled, their aggression reduced to a simmering resentment in the face of an overpowering presence of 1500 imported police and six regiments of soldiers. In September 1911, despite their fortitude and courage, the dire circumstances in which they and their families existed compelled a return to work. After ten months opposition it was a bitter eating of the leek, but their struggles had not been completely in vain, for even amongst Britain's establishment society there were those with uneasy consciences, they who realised that no man would put his family through such degradation without just cause. This consensus gathered pace and resulted in the 1912 enactment of a law that gave the workmen guarantee of a minimum daily wage. In their massively prominent contribution to the establishment of that right the men of Cambrian, Llwynypia, Naval, Nantgwyn, Ely and Britannic created a legend that exists to this day; in defeat they and their families had exhibited unparalleled courage and unquenchable spirit, qualities which Rhondda miners were once more forced to display in the fight against the Thatcher administration almost seventy years later. By their very nature, collieries were crucibles of socialism, and from Llwynypia Colliery in 1910 sprang two leaders in 31 years old Will John and 28 years old John Hopla. Leaders of the Combine Workmen's Committee during the strike, they were impatient with William 'Mabon' Abraham, President of the South Wales Miners Federation, whom they viewed as placatory, and too close to the coal-owners. Perhaps singled out as examples, John and Hopla (the latter died in 1914) were each punished with a jail sentence of one year for their parts in 'unlawful assembly and rioting' at Ely Colliery in 1911. In 1920 Will John entered Parliament as MP. for Rhondda West, and was followed in 1933 by Cambrian workman and Workmen's Committee delegate Will Mainwaring who represented Rhondda East. As a 27 years old in 1911, Mainwaring had also brushed with the police, fighting alongside other miners in Tonypandy street skirmishes. All three were men without agendas, each impelled from within to fight the injustice of an iniquitous system under which colliers and boys were compelled to risk their lives and health for a pittance, a degrading process that stripped them of dignity. John, Hopla, Mainwaring -- they were inspirational, giants of their time, and men of unequalled conviction whose names quickly entered folklore, ones remembered in Rhondda over a century later.
The passing of that century has also allowed the truth to be known about the Bute seam and its contentious price-list. The writer, and others from a small, dwindling band who worked in the Bute until its 1964 abandonment at Cambrian, remember it as a dangerous, often geologically disturbed seam that was overlain by a measure of solid rock many yards in thickness. Between the bottom of the solid rock and the top of the Bute seam there existed a consolidated layer of mud and clay known as shale, which when disturbed as the coal was worked, exhibited its friable nature. This caused the collier to spend much time packing roof cavities with pieces of timber, preventing the crumbly shale losing contact with the upper rock layer. If not supported, that layer would inevitably converge and collapse, sometimes spectacularly so, making a complete coal-face inaccessible. Such dangers often caused a fireman or over-man to instruct the collier to stand 'notched timber'; this was the best system of conventional roof support and involved the use of timber 'arms' and 'collars' of circular cross-section, all notched by hatchet in Welsh style, interlocked when erected. They were more substantial and durable, but more time-consuming in preparation and erection than the arrangement of two un-notched timber arms (posts), merely placed under a horizontal wooden prop ('flat') of semi-circular cross-section. Nevertheless, even the notched arrangement, set on a solid rock floor, could prove fallible to the enormous roof pressure of the converging rock when the crumbling shale 'melted' -- disintegrated -- above the roof props.
When it was attempted to work the Bute with a reduced seam height it was incredible to see arms, notched or un-notched driven through its false floor, an eight inch thick bed of rock, a mudstone also known as 'bunker' or 'clod'. Such irresistible pressure ('squeeze'), exerted over the collier's entire workplace prevented the normal separation of coal from the face. Many millions of tons of Bute coal were produced in Rhondda but even with the benefits of a pneumatic pick and a conveyor, when a combination of the above negatives occurred, it was often impossible for a collier to fill his quota - confirmation of the contentions by heading and stall colliers at Ely Colliery in 1910-11, who worked it without mechanical advantages! It is also worthy of mention that at Cambrian the brief mechanisation of one Bute district proved to be totally impractical because of its overall treacherous nature, underlining the fact that man was the most versatile coal-winning machine ever employed underground.
Cambrian closed on September 24th, 1966. It was then working the hugely unprofitable Lower Nine Feet / Bute seam in No.4 pit, and the limited reserves of the thin, thirty-four inches thick Pentre seam in No.1. In its last full financial year of 1965-66, with a manpower of 781 men (inc. surface workers) it produced 187,600 saleable tons, at a loss of £1.90 per ton - £356,000 in total. Many years of unprofitability had preceded that deficit and with the once bounteous reserves of its 2,000 acres area of extraction completely exhausted, the colliery had arrived at the end of its life. Its demolition, and the subsequent landscaping of the site, has obliterated every aspect of a workplace that entered the souls of those who worked there, a unique place whose disappearance has left a muted community and silent valley. Only those who remember it during its industrial period will know how great the contrast is. Bill Richards. © 2015.
www.recyclart.org/2017/06/diy-video-tutorial-oil-sewing-m...
With the upcycling/recycling movement gaining popularity, and a trash-into-treasure mentality becoming acceptable, it's no wonder that people are reacquainting themselves with sewing crafts. But what people forget - or never even learned, is that sewing machines need routine, simple maintenance for years of service. This DIY Video Tutorial will teach you how to Oil Your Sewing Machine Properly.
Here's a great DIY Video Tutorial: How to Oil Your Sewing Machine Properly presented by our friends at sikana.tv
[caption id="attachment_50404" align="aligncenter" width="600"]
Use a good quality SEWING MACHINE SPECIFIC oil. "All-purpose" household oils will frequently congeal into a sticky mess, and after sitting a while, they'll harden like a varnish. Then you'll be facing a major restoration project![/caption]
Editor's note: Always refer to your owner's manual to address your specific machine's oil needs.
[caption id="attachment_50406" align="aligncenter" width="600"]
You have your mom's old machine but you can't find the manual? It's not a problem these days. There are numerous groups dedicated to vintage and antique sewing machines on social media sites, and of course, you can typically download a manual for almost any machine - even antique ones that are over 100 years old.[/caption]
Be aware that certain components on vintage and antique machines should NOT be oiled, such as cloth belts, and on newer machines, you should not put oil on gears - they should receive gear grease unless directed by your owner's manual. Many vintage and antique sewing machine enthusiast groups recommend 100% synthetic sewing machine oil with Teflon added - a common brand name is Tri-Flow oil. They also make a Gear Grease that has Teflon in it. This prevents that "gumminess" or "oil varnish" that happens when oil sits for extended periods of time. Always use sewing machine-specific oils/grease. Other types of "multi-purpose" household oils/lubricants will harden over time and can potentially cause damage!
Without proper maintenance, here is what can happen to your machine over time:
Did you know that you can wipe down the exterior of a vintage or antique sewing machine with the same sewing machine oil that you use to lubricate the inside? It keeps the machine clean and shiny! You can use sewing machine oil to clean old oil that has gotten sticky.
[caption id="attachment_50408" align="aligncenter" width="483"]
This is your editor's personal sewing machine (one of many). It is an 1889 Singer 13 Treadle that is in the process of restoration. To clean the body of a vintage or antique sewing machine, all you need is a good-quality sewing machine oil. That was all that was used on the black body & gold foiling to make it look gorgeous again![/caption]
Now that your machine is running tip-top, how about making some Inner Tube Bags?
St Giles' Cathedral, more properly termed the High Kirk of Edinburgh, is the principal place of worship of the Church of Scotland in Edinburgh. Its distinctive crown steeple is a prominent feature of the city skyline, at about a third of the way down the Royal Mile which runs from the Castle to Holyrood Palace. The church has been one of Edinburgh's religious focal points for approximately 900 years. The present church dates from the late 14th century, though it was extensively restored in the 19th century, and is protected as a category A listed building.
In 2014 Sir Chris Hoy married his wife Sarra Kemp in St Giles Cathedral.
Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland, located in Lothian on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth. It is the second most populous city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and the seat of the monarchy in Scotland. The city is also the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. It is the largest financial centre in the UK after London.[
020712-N-5471P-011
Kuwait -Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) technicians "Cook off" old ammunition and Ordnance no longer usable by coalition forces. During this blast EOD technicians used C-4 Plastic explosive for disposal. The C-4 helps to ensure that the Ordnance is properly "Cooked off" so that no harmful elements remain.
EOD teams from the U.S. Navy, Army, Air Force, and the Royal Air Force jointly trained at the Udairi Range in Kuwait. Because each service has its own requirements and mission types, joint training helps to expand different units' capabilities and familiarization with techniques.
Official U.S. Navy Photograph by PH2 Aaron Peterson; Fleet Combat Camera, Atlantic. (Released)
To learn more about living and serving in Korea with the US Army, visit our official website at: imcom.korea.army.mil
Whether you are fresh off of active-duty, a military spouse or a seasoned professional, you will find a career with U.S. Army in Korea both challenging and inspiring. If you ready to join an award winning team and embark on the adventure of a lifetime, you can learn more about living and working in Korea online: imcom.korea.army.mil
Photos from the US Army in Korea can be viewed online at www.flickr.com/imcomkorea
The Morning Calm Weekly command information newspaper is available online at imcom.korea.army.mil
Published for those serving in the Republic of Korea - an assignment of choice.
About this image: Operation Enduring Freedom. A Department of Defense Image Collection.
These images are generally cleared for release and are considered in the public domain. Request credit be given the Department of Defense and individual photographer.
To learn more about living and serving in Korea with the US Army, visit our official website at: imcom.korea.army.mil
Whether you are fresh off of active-duty, a military spouse or a seasoned professional, you will find a career with U.S. Army in Korea both challenging and inspiring. If you ready to join an award winning team and embark on the adventure of a lifetime, you can learn more about living and working in Korea online: imcom.korea.army.mil
Photos from the US Army in Korea can be viewed online at www.flickr.com/imcomkorea
The Morning Calm Weekly command information newspaper is available online at imcom.korea.army.mil
Published for those serving in the Republic of Korea - an assignment of choice.
About this image: Operation Enduring Freedom. A Department of Defense Image Collection.
These images are generally cleared for release and are considered in the public domain. Request credit be given the Department of Defense and individual photographer.
To learn more about living and serving in Korea with the US Army, visit our official website at: imcom.korea.army.mil
Whether you are fresh off of active-duty, a military spouse or a seasoned professional, you will find a career with U.S. Army in Korea both challenging and inspiring. If you ready to join an award winning team and embark on the adventure of a lifetime, you can learn more about living and working in Korea online: imcom.korea.army.mil
Photos from the US Army in Korea can be viewed online at www.flickr.com/imcomkorea
The Morning Calm Weekly command information newspaper is available online at imcom.korea.army.mil
Published for those serving in the Republic of Korea - an assignment of choice.
About this image: Operation Enduring Freedom. A Department of Defense Image Collection.
These images are generally cleared for release and are considered in the public domain. Request credit be given the Department of Defense and individual photographer.
A driver colleague and myself posed for a photo beside Bath Services L8515 (969EHW) on a wedding duty to Dillington House. The other driver followed me in Crosville SL71 (MFM39), a Duple-bodied Bedford OB coach dating from 1950.
The Pier Head (properly, George's Pier Head is a riverside location in the city centre of Liverpool, England. It is part of the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City UNESCOWorld Heritage Site, which was inscribed in 2004.
The site encompasses a trio of landmarks, built on the site of the former George's Dockand referred to since at least 2000 as "The Three Graces":
* Royal Liver Building, built between 1908 and 1911 and designed by Walter Aubrey Thomas. It is a grade I listed building consisting of two clock towers, both crowned by mythical Liver Birds. The building is the headquarters of the Royal Liver Friendly Society.
* Cunard Building, constructed between 1914 and 1916 and a grade II* listed building. It is the former headquarters of the Cunard Line shipping company.
* Port of Liverpool Building, built from 1903 to 1907 and also grade II* listed. It is the former home of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board.
Also on the site is the grade II listed Mersey Tunnel building, to the east of the Port of Liverpool building. It was built in the 1930s and contains offices and ventilator equipment for the Queensway Tunnel.
The Mercato generale (or, more properly, Mercati generali di via Ostiense) was an all-purpose market in Rome. Bus routes that connect the Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport and Rome usually drive right next to it, and you can glimpse the ruins at least for a brief moment. But very few people actually go and visit the site.
From what I could gather, the market was once quite prosperous, then sank into one or more types of criminal activity. Eventually the place was abandoned, and plans were drafted to renovate it completely - we have a book on architecture in our library that has a complete project proposal, from some 10 years ago. Alas, these plans were not implemented, and rumor has it that corrupt officials have completely destroyed any possibility of a future for the site. We visited in 2014, and if you look at Google Street View shots from 2016, you can see some changes - namely that much of the scaffolding was removed, but with no sign of any actual work done.
The area is guarded and surrounded by fences on all sides, so sometimes it was necessary to shoot through little openings and from odd angles. On one side there are railroad tracks, so it wasn't possible to get close.
The central building, with its columns and a majestic entrance, reminded me of Rome's ancient architecture, and the colors - a dull yellow, and a whole bunch of dirty white and grey hues - were just like old bones, lying there in the sun. After the tourist-infested areas of Rome, these abandoned buildings seemed like the only true ruins in the city, still carrying the spirit of desolation, of history long gone.
Finnieston, Glasgow.
Properly known as the Stobcross Crane or the Clyde Navigation Trustees Crane #7, its proximity to Finnieston Quay and the fact that it was intended to replace the previous Finnieston Crane, has led to its being popularly known as the Finnieston Crane.
It is one of four such cranes on the River Clyde (being the last giant cantilever crane to be built on the river), a fifth one having been demolished in 2007 and it is one of only eleven giant cantilever cranes remaining worldwide.
It was commissioned in June 1928 by the Clyde Navigation Trust, operators of the port and dock facilities in Glasgow and was completed in 1931 commencing operations in 1932.
The tower was built by Cowans, Sheldon & Company of Carlisle and the cantilever by the Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company, under the supervision of Daniel Fife, mechanical engineer to the Clyde Navigation Trust.
Connected to a spur of the Stobcross Railway, the crane's primary purpose was the lifting of heavy machinery, such as tanks and steam locomotives, onto ships for export. As many as 30,000 locomotives were hauled through the streets of Glasgow by Clydesdale horses, traction engines and diesel tractors, from the works at Springburn to the crane for export to the British Empire.
An earth mover (properly called a tractor-scraper???) belonging to Intrepid Potash starts up to cross the Union Pacific railroad track a few miles east of Wendover. It is on its way to the evaporation ponds to fill up with salt/potash. It had just unloaded the stuff at the nearby plant. Shot from Frontage Road. More info about scrapers here.
Sergio L. Guarachi V.
from gold kraft paper, around 30 cm square, not the best paper for the model, but not so bad also
(too soft to properly hold the final shape)
not so difficult to fold
Our Coleus collection (or more properly should be called Solenostemon) has taken a giant leap this year. We have planted many more varieties than in previous years, and have hunted high and low on the internet to find some interesting colours and shapes. We even managed to grow some from seed.
Over the last few years we have grown our coleus in our tried and trusted positions, but this year we are in a new house, so it was even more of an experiment. As you can see, with a lot of care and attention, most seem to be thriving. Some didn't survive the first few weeks after planting - mainly purple and chocolate varieties, but overall it has been a positive and colourful experience. We are definitely looking around for what we can grow next year
How To Properly Hire A Bed Bug Professional t.co/IDH4zccUz9……………………………………... t.co/AHUQquEJ6O……… t.co/vbRTay4Je1 (via Twitter twitter.com/A1BedBug1/status/938906028208422913)
Acne is a very common problem for many people. Having bad skin can affect personal relationships, as well as, your own self esteem and it can seem impossible to solve. If this sounds familiar to you, read on for some little known tricks to relieve acne symptoms and clear up your skin.
Acne can...
healthwellnessandlifestyle.com/tips-on-how-to-properly-de...
- Loretta Young
I think the tears were used properly, don't you think? My just-turned 3-yr old daughter broke out in a crying rage when we started singing Happy Birthday to her and my just-turned 5-yr old son. She yelled "stoooooop!!". Poor baby girl...she was embarrassed, I think! But this shot really makes me laugh even though it was a vulnerable moment for her. How can you not giggle at this sweet face? (And my son whose expression reads "Uh, what is wrong her?")
To properly tame their sexuality, a couple can call on a tantric massage professional. This allows him to optimally enjoy the important benefits of massage in Chandigarh. Visit here: bit.ly/3LeXCBm
"Peterborough Cathedral, properly the Cathedral Church of St Peter, St Paul and St Andrew – also known as Saint Peter's Cathedral in the United Kingdom – is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Peterborough, dedicated to Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, whose statues look down from the three high gables of the famous West Front. Although it was founded in the Anglo-Saxon period, its architecture is mainly Norman, following a rebuilding in the 12th century. With Durham and Ely cathedrals, it is one of the most important 12th-century buildings in England to have remained largely intact, despite extensions and restoration.
Peterborough Cathedral is known for its imposing Early English Gothic West Front (façade) which, with its three enormous arches, is without architectural precedent and with no direct successor. The appearance is slightly asymmetrical, as one of the two towers that rise from behind the façade was never completed (the tower on the right as one faces the building), but this is only visible from a distance.
Peterborough is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, with a population of 202,110 in 2017. Historically part of Northamptonshire, it is 76 miles (122 km) north of London, on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh. The city is also 70 miles (110 km) east of Birmingham, 38 miles (61 km) east of Leicester, 81 miles (130 km) south of Kingston upon Hull and 65 miles (105 km) west of Norwich.
The local topography is flat, and in some places the land lies below sea level, for example in parts of the Fens to the east of Peterborough. Human settlement in the area began before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre, also with evidence of Roman occupation. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral.
The population grew rapidly after the railways arrived in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly known for its brick manufacture. After the Second World War, growth was limited until designation as a New Town in the 1960s. Housing and population are expanding and a £1 billion regeneration of the city centre and immediately surrounding area is under way. Industrial employment has fallen since then, a significant proportion of new jobs being in financial services and distribution." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
1964 VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE
Two-Tone Black over Burgundy
There are millions of Volkswagen Beetles roaming the earth but only few are running properly and beautifully offering even more than they were originally designed to do. Such is this special Type 1 North American example. This example is powered by the correct air-cooled flat-4 Boxer 1.2-liter (1192cc) engine that produces 40 bhp @ 3,000 rpm and 60 lb-ft @ 2,000 rpm. The air flaps of the oil sump air filter works as it should. The hoses are the correct corrugated material. The engine compartment is covered with the correct black tar shroud. The gas tank had been cleaned and an anti-rust solution was applied to prevent corrosion and deterioration.
6-volt generators powered all VW Beetles up to 1966. For the sake of reliability, drivability, and consideration of installing air-conditioning, the vehicle has been upgraded to 12-volts with a VW-approved aftermarket 75 ampere alternator and Hot Spark electronic ignition distributor installed (difficult to tell the difference from the original 009 distributor).
TMI (California, U.S.A.) front driver, front passenger, and rear bench are covered in TMI (California, U.S.A.) period-correct upholstery with the correct pattern and piping. All carpets replaced with period-correct materials. The AM Sapphire 2 radio is period correct. The aerial antenna is period correct reproduction from Mexico. The speedometer was restored. The gasoline gauge was replaced with a new old stock part. Switches that were no longer aesthetically pleasing were replaced with period correct pieces. The steering wheel is original to the car. The dashboard handle bar is a reproduction period correct Perohaus from Aircooled Accessories in Derbysire, U.K.. The sun visor, all the related hardware, and the rear-view mirror is German new old stock. Window cranks, springs, and buffers were replaced with high quality reproductions. The dashboard and rear passenger ashtrays are original to the car. The brake handles and boots were replaced with German oem (original equipment manufacturers’) parts. The heater ducts have been removed but the original ivory heater control knob was retained for aesthetics. Door entry guards are period correct reproduction accessories.
The German front bumper guard, towel bars, rear overrider bumper are original to the car. The original front bumper blade was replaced with a nos (new old stock). Headlight lenses are original to the car. All brake light lenses and the amber front signal light lenses are Hella new old stock original. All trims were replaced with German show quality trims. The windshield glass, rear window glass, side window glass, passenger and driver window glass, passenger vent wing glass (with patina) are original to the car and properly marked “Sekurit.” Window, rear window, and windshield trims are also all original to the vehicle. Both driver and passenger side mirrors are oem VW. The hinge covers are Perohaus reproductions from Aircooled Accessories. Door handles are original to the car with a nice patina.
Each wheel uses the original 5-stud hub which were all sanded down and powder coated (not painted) and highlighted with vintage ivory white trimmings painted over the powder coated finish. Some of the chrome hubcaps are reproduction pieces, while some are the original hubcaps, which were professionally sanded and re-chromed.
This is a usable Type 1 Volkswagen Beetle that has been painstakingly attended to with passion and great attention to detail.
Estimate PHP 750,000 - 1,000,000
Lot 704 of the Salcedo Auctions auction on September 24, 2017. Please see www.salcedoauctions.com for more details.
to properly convey the joy and light that pours out through this wonderful woman. I can brag on my mother all day. She is one of the many strong women who helped me become the strong and independent woman I've become. She and I have a very special bond. Visits home are now more of a privilege when the stars align between my work, school and shooting schedule. More and more, there's a sense of immense gratitude every time I get to travel those miles and see her and my family again. Perhaps this is why I was finally able to capture her the way I see her and the way I love and always think of her.
Ceiling.
"Peterborough Cathedral, properly the Cathedral Church of St Peter, St Paul and St Andrew – also known as Saint Peter's Cathedral in the United Kingdom – is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Peterborough, dedicated to Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, whose statues look down from the three high gables of the famous West Front. Although it was founded in the Anglo-Saxon period, its architecture is mainly Norman, following a rebuilding in the 12th century. With Durham and Ely cathedrals, it is one of the most important 12th-century buildings in England to have remained largely intact, despite extensions and restoration.
Peterborough Cathedral is known for its imposing Early English Gothic West Front (façade) which, with its three enormous arches, is without architectural precedent and with no direct successor. The appearance is slightly asymmetrical, as one of the two towers that rise from behind the façade was never completed (the tower on the right as one faces the building), but this is only visible from a distance.
Peterborough is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, with a population of 202,110 in 2017. Historically part of Northamptonshire, it is 76 miles (122 km) north of London, on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh. The city is also 70 miles (110 km) east of Birmingham, 38 miles (61 km) east of Leicester, 81 miles (130 km) south of Kingston upon Hull and 65 miles (105 km) west of Norwich.
The local topography is flat, and in some places the land lies below sea level, for example in parts of the Fens to the east of Peterborough. Human settlement in the area began before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre, also with evidence of Roman occupation. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral.
The population grew rapidly after the railways arrived in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly known for its brick manufacture. After the Second World War, growth was limited until designation as a New Town in the 1960s. Housing and population are expanding and a £1 billion regeneration of the city centre and immediately surrounding area is under way. Industrial employment has fallen since then, a significant proportion of new jobs being in financial services and distribution." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
"Peterborough Cathedral, properly the Cathedral Church of St Peter, St Paul and St Andrew – also known as Saint Peter's Cathedral in the United Kingdom – is the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Peterborough, dedicated to Saint Peter, Saint Paul and Saint Andrew, whose statues look down from the three high gables of the famous West Front. Although it was founded in the Anglo-Saxon period, its architecture is mainly Norman, following a rebuilding in the 12th century. With Durham and Ely cathedrals, it is one of the most important 12th-century buildings in England to have remained largely intact, despite extensions and restoration.
Peterborough Cathedral is known for its imposing Early English Gothic West Front (façade) which, with its three enormous arches, is without architectural precedent and with no direct successor. The appearance is slightly asymmetrical, as one of the two towers that rise from behind the façade was never completed (the tower on the right as one faces the building), but this is only visible from a distance.
Peterborough is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, with a population of 202,110 in 2017. Historically part of Northamptonshire, it is 76 miles (122 km) north of London, on the River Nene which flows into the North Sea 30 miles (48 km) to the north-east. The railway station is an important stop on the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh. The city is also 70 miles (110 km) east of Birmingham, 38 miles (61 km) east of Leicester, 81 miles (130 km) south of Kingston upon Hull and 65 miles (105 km) west of Norwich.
The local topography is flat, and in some places the land lies below sea level, for example in parts of the Fens to the east of Peterborough. Human settlement in the area began before the Bronze Age, as can be seen at the Flag Fen archaeological site to the east of the current city centre, also with evidence of Roman occupation. The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral.
The population grew rapidly after the railways arrived in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly known for its brick manufacture. After the Second World War, growth was limited until designation as a New Town in the 1960s. Housing and population are expanding and a £1 billion regeneration of the city centre and immediately surrounding area is under way. Industrial employment has fallen since then, a significant proportion of new jobs being in financial services and distribution." - info from Wikipedia.
Summer 2019 I did a solo cycling tour across Europe through 12 countries over the course of 3 months. I began my adventure in Edinburgh, Scotland and finished in Florence, Italy cycling 8,816 km. During my trip I took 47,000 photos.
Now on Instagram.
Cobb's Engine House (properly known as Windmill End Pumping Station) is a scheduled ancient monument and a Grade II listed building built around 1831.It housed a stationary steam pump used to pump water firstly from Windmill End Colliery and later other mines in the area. Utilizing a shaft 525 feet deep, 1,600,000 litres of water were pumped from the mines into the canal daily. It ceased work in 1928 and the Newcomen type engine was moved to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan in 1930.
It stands near Windmill End Junction in the Warren's Hall local nature reserve, where the Dudley No. 2 Canal and the Boshboil Arm meets the southern end of the Netherton Tunnel Branch Canal. The area came into the possession of Sir Horace St.Paul from his father-in-law, John Ward, 2nd Viscount Dudley and Ward, on his marriage to John's daughter Anna Maria Ward. It was Horace who instigated the construction of the engine house.
Shamelessly nicked from Wikipedia
"The Alexandra Road estate, properly known as the Alexandra and Ainsworth estate, but more commonly, and erroneously, referred to as simply Rowley Way, is a housing estate in the London Borough of Camden, North West London, England. It was designed in 1968 by Neave Brown of Camden Council's Architects Department. Construction work commenced in 1972 and was completed in 1978. It is constructed from site-cast, board-marked white, unpainted reinforced concrete. Along with 520 apartments, the site also includes a school, community centre, youth club, heating complex, and parkland.
"The estate consists of three parallel east-west blocks, and occupies a crescent-shaped site bounded on the south by Boundary Road, Loudoun Road on the east, Abbey Road on the west, and by the West Coast Main Line to the north. The desire to control the sound and vibration from passing trains was a major consideration in the layout of the estate. Two rows of terraced apartments are aligned along the tracks. The higher, eight-story block directly adjacent to the railway line is organised in the form of a ziggurat, and acts as a noise barrier that blocks the noise of the trains from reaching the interior portion of the site, and its foundations rest on rubber pads that eliminate vibration. A lower, 4-storey block runs along the other side of a continuous pedestrian walkway, known as Rowley Way, serving both terraced rows of buildings. The third row of buildings, along the southern edge of the site, parallels another public walkway, Langtry Walk, between this row and the existing earlier buildings of the Ainsworth Estate and defines a public park with play areas between the second and third row of dwellings."
Source: Wikipedia
first properly sunny sunday of the year, and i finally leave the house -- at 6pm. here's a neighbor, who is finishing up his day with a good dog (at his feet, not very visible), a paper, and a few cans of Smithwicks. Fair play, Mr. Neighbor, fair play.
Agfa Isolette II, expired Kodak Tri-X 400 shot as 800
scanned from negative with epson v750
f11, 1/100s, 2m (overexposed)
Ilfosol 3 1+14, 14m Development details on FilmDev
(catching up, photo for apr 13)
taken 4/11
I really miss these little guys...didn't really appreciate them properly until they were gone. This example seen arriving Chicago O'Hare on November 19, 2005.
Delivered to Mesaba in April 1999, flew there with the as-seen registration until 2007. Acquired by CityJet in Ireland as EI-RJL in January of that year. In 2009 Scandinavia's Blue1 picked it up, and re-registered it as OH-SAQ; reportedly still active in 2012.
Copyright
All my photographic images are copyrighted. All rights are reserved. Please do not use, copy or edit any of my photographs without my written permission. If you want to use my photo for commercial or private use, please contact me. Please do not re-upload my photos at any location on the internet without my written consent.
Detail of the brickwork of Cobbs Engine House and chimney.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Cobb's Engine House (properly known as Windmill End Pumping Station) in Rowley Regis, West Midlands, England, is a scheduled ancient monument and a Grade II listed building built around 1831.[1] It housed a stationary steam pump used to pump water firstly from Windmill End Colliery and later other mines in the area. Utilizing a shaft 525 feet deep, 1,600,000 litres of water were pumped from the mines into the canal daily.[2] It ceased work in 1928 and the Newcomen type engine was moved to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan in 1930.[3]
It stands near Windmill End Junction in the Warren's Hall local nature reserve, where the Dudley No. 2 Canal and the Boshboil Arm meets the southern end of the Netherton Tunnel Branch Canal. The area came into the possession of Sir Horace St.Paul from his father-in-law, John Ward, 2nd Viscount Dudley and Ward, on his marriage to John's daughter Anna Maria Ward.[4] It was Horace who instigated the construction of the engine house.
Recent Forest Stand Improvement project had trees spaced properly to improve plant structure and composition and reduce wildfire hazard. However, a tornado that sheared off the remaining trees has now increased the wildfire hazard concern by leaving dead and downed trees. These dead trees will dry down and provide fuel for a potential wildfire.
Resource Concern - Wildfire Hazard
This resource concern is created by plant biomass (residue) that pose risks to human safety, structures, plants, animals, and air resources.
Fire can be an important and often beneficial part of the natural ecosystem; however, uncontrolled or “wild” fire can pose threats to life, health, and property. Excessive fuel loads can result in a fire too intense, causing damage to the desired plant community and site conditions. In addition, the secondary effects of some wildfires, including erosion, landslides, introduction of invasive species, and changes in water quality, are often more disastrous than the fire itself.
The amount of flammable biomass can be reduced to decrease the incidence of wildfires. The distribution of biomass can be manipulated to influence the direction and rate at which wildfires spread. Managing ladder fuels can reduce the opportunity for crown fires. Management of wildland urban interface (WUI) areas can protect life and property to lessen the impacts of wildfires.
Woody Residue Treatment would be an example of one practice to implement based on these conditions. This practice refers to the treatment of residual woody material that is created due to management activities or natural disturbances.
Woody Residue Treatment is used to accomplish one or more of the following:
• Reduce hazardous fuels
• Reduce the risk of harmful insects and disease
• Protect/maintain air quality by reducing the risk of wildfire
• To improve access for management purposes
• Improve access to forage for livestock and wildlife
• Develop renewable energy systems
• Enhance aesthetics
• Reduce the risk of harm to humans and livestock
• Improve the soil organic matter
• Improve the site for natural or artificial regeneration
For more information on South Dakota's resource concerns, visit www.sdresrouceconcerns.org or www.farmers.gov/conserve/tool. You can also reach out to your local NRCS office or Conservation District. Find your local USDA NRCS office and employee directory at: bit.ly/ContactNRCSSD
Did I ever properly introduce this girl? Well, she doesn't have too much of an intro right now, actually, but just know she's a human girl who's into anime and Japanese culture and she wears wigs because her stepfather burned her hair off. Yeah, I find it weird that that's all I know so far too. :-/
Hopefully more on her soon! :D
Melqart, properly Phoenician Milk-Qart "King of the City", less accurately Melkart, Melkarth or Melgart , Akkadian Milqartu, was tutelary god of the Phoenician city of Tyre as Eshmun protected Sidon. Melqart was often titled Ba‘l Ṣūr "Lord of Tyre", the ancestral king of the royal line. In Greek, by interpretatio graeca he was identified with Heracles and referred to as the Tyrian Herakles.
Melqart was venerated in Phoenician and Punic cultures from Syria to Spain. The first occurrence of the name is in a ninth-century BCE stela inscription found in 1939 north of Aleppo in northern Syria, the "Ben-Hadad" inscription, erected by the son of the king of Arma, "for his lord Melqart, which he vowed to him and he heard his voice".
CASTRO STREET FAIR 2012-
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Rosslyn Chapel, properly named the Collegiate Church of St Matthew, was founded on a small hill above Roslin Glen as a Roman Catholic collegiate church (with between 4 and 6 ordained canons and two boy choristers) in the mid-15th century. Rosslyn Chapel and the nearby Roslin Castle are located at the village of Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland.
The chapel was founded by William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness (also spelled "Sainteclaire/Saintclair/Sinclair/St. Clair") of the Sinclair family, a noble family descended from Norman knights, using the standard designs the medieval architects made available to him. Rosslyn Chapel is the third Sinclair place of worship at Roslin - the first being in Roslin Castle and the second (whose crumbling buttresses can still be seen today) in what is now Roslin Cemetery.[1]
The purpose of the college was to celebrate the Divine Office throughout the day and night and also to celebrate Holy Mass for all the faithful departed, including the deceased members of the Sinclair family. During this period the rich heritage of plainsong (a single melodic line) or polyphony (vocal harmony) would be used to enrich the singing of the liturgy. An endowment was made that would pay for the upkeep of the priests and choristers in perpetuity and they also had parochial responsibilities.
After the Scottish Reformation (1560) Roman Catholic worship in the Chapel was brought to an end, although the Sinclair family continued to be Roman Catholics until the early 18th century. From that time the Chapel was closed to public worship until 1861 when it was opened again as a place of worship according to the rites of the Scottish Episcopal Church.
he original plans for Rosslyn have never been found or recorded, so it is open to speculation whether or not the chapel was intended to be built in its current layout.
Construction of the chapel began on 20 September 1456, although it is often been recorded as 1446. The confusion over the building date comes from the chapel's receiving its founding charter to build a collegiate chapel in 1446 from Rome. Sinclair did not start to build the chapel until he had built houses for his craftsmen. Although the original building was to be cruciform in shape, it was never completed; only the choir was constructed, with the retro-chapel, otherwise called the Lady Chapel, built on the much earlier crypt (Lower Chapel) believed to form part of an earlier castle. The foundations of the unbuilt nave and transepts stretching to a distance of 90 feet were recorded in the 19th century. The decorative carving was executed over a forty-year period. After the founder's death, construction of the planned nave and transepts was abandoned - either from lack of funds, disinterest, or a change in liturgical fashion. The Lower Chapel (also known as the crypt or sacristy) should not be confused with the burial vaults that lie underneath Rosslyn Chapel.[1]
The chapel stands on fourteen pillars, which form an arcade of twelve pointed arches on three sides of the nave. The three pillars at the east end of the chapel are named, from north to south, the Master Pillar, the Journeyman Pillar, and most famously, the Apprentice Pillar. These names only exist from the late Georgian period. Prior to this period they were called The Earl's Pillar, The Shekinah and the Prince's pillar or Matthew's Staff. At the west end, another three pillars divide the nave and the Lady Chapel.[2]
[edit]Apprentice Pillar
The Apprentice Pillar
The "Apprentice Pillar", or "Prentice Pillar", gets its name from an 18th century legend involving the master mason in charge of the stonework in the chapel and his young apprentice. According to the legend, the master mason did not believe that the apprentice could perform the complicated task of carving the column, without seeing the original which formed the inspiration for the design. The master mason travelled to see the original himself, but upon his return was enraged to find that the upstart apprentice had completed the column anyway. In a fit of jealous anger the mason took up his mallet and struck the apprentice on the head, killing him.[3]
As punishment for his crime the master mason's face was carved into the opposite corner to forever gaze upon his apprentice's pillar.[4]
1778 drawing of the inscription
It is also referred to as the "Princes Pillar" in An Account of the Chapel of Roslin (1778). On the architrave joining the pillar, there is the inscription Forte est vinum fortior est rex fortiores sunt mulieres super omnia vincit veritas: "Wine is strong, a king is stronger, women are stronger still, but truth conquers all" (1 Esdras, chapters 3 & 4)
Like shoes, your pet's harness must fit perfectly. A properly fitted harness improves your dog's comfort, control, and safety on walks. How do you choose the proper size? How can you properly modify the optimal fit? We'll cover you! We'll explain dog harness fitting and adjustment in this guide. Let's start this tail-wagging trip with your dog!
Dog Harness Measurement:
Before buying a harness, measure your dog. Simple steps with a flexible measuring tape:
1. Measure the Neck: Measure your dog's neck below the collar.
2. Measure the Chest: Wrap the tape around your dog's biggest chest behind their front legs. Avoid overtightening or loosening.
3. Measure length from neck to tail. This helps decide harness length.
Always check the brand's sizing instructions when picking a size for your pooch.
After measuring, use the manufacturer's sizing chart to choose. Some harnesses are adjustable, while others are size-specific.
Harnessing a Dog
Putting on a dog harness may seem easy, but doing it correctly ensures your pet's comfort and safety. Step-by-step instructions:
1. Hold the harness straps up. Put your dog's front legs through the holes effortlessly.
2. Lift the harness over your dog's back and center the D-ring between their shoulder blades.
3. Clip the side straps under your dog's belly near their spine.
4. Make sure the harness fits snugly but comfortably—two fingers should fit between your dog and the harness.
5. Give each strap a final twist to secure it.
Practice makes perfect! Be patient as your dog adjusts to a harness. Before going on walks or adventures, double-check that it's on properly!
Dog Harness Adjustment
After picking the suitable dog harness, make sure it fits. A well-fitted harness keeps your dog safe and comfortable. Dog harness adjustments:
1. Loosen all harness straps.
2. Put the harness over your dog's head so its front legs fit through the openings.
3. Wrap the harness around your dog and secure with the buckles or clips.
4. Leave two fingers between the harness straps and your dog's skin.
5. Check the harness for pressure on sensitive regions like your dog's armpits or throat, which could cause discomfort or impede movement.
6. Tighten each strap slowly so it doesn't bite into their skin or hinder respiration.
7. Double-check and adjust all adjustments for a perfect fit!
As dogs mature, they may need to be adjusted.
Which Dog Harness is Best for Your Pup?
Many dog harnesses are available. Harnesses have diverse functions and characteristics to meet different needs.
Back-clip harnesses are popular. This design helps walkers and hikers control larger canines by appropriately dispersing pressure. Front-clip harnesses are useful for pulling dogs because they redirect their forward motion toward you.
If your pet escapes straps, consider an escape-proof or no-pull leash. Extra straps and buckles prevent Houdini-like escapes.
Step-in or vest-style harnesses are more comfortable and secure for smaller breeds or puppies in training. These harnesses don't push on your dog's throat.
The Gentle Leader-style head halter is another popular alternative. They gently guide your dog's head when they pull, preventing lunging.
Size, behavior, and comfort determine the perfect dog harness. Always prioritize safety and choose one that allows for correct adjustment!
Why Your Puppy Needs a Harness
We must constantly protect our pets. A well-fitted harness is crucial when walking or playing with your dog. It improves pup control and decreases damage risk.
A puppy harness in Australia supports their expanding body and spreads pressure across their chest and shoulders. This is especially critical for small breeds or those with sensitive necks that can be injured by collars.
Finding the correct harness for your puppy can be stressful with so many options. Consider size, comfort, adjustability, and durability when choosing.
For a great fit, measure your puppy before buying a harness. Correctly wearing and adjusting the harness prevents discomfort and escape attempts during walks.
Choose a puppy harness that prioritizes safety. If you stroll at night, consider reflective straps or LED lights. Choose strong, long-lasting materials.
A nice puppy harness keeps them secure and teaches them leash manners. Fitting and adjusting a dog harness in Australia properly ensures comfort and better control.
Why wait? Start by measuring your dog and selecting the right harness. Your cute pet will thank you as they walk along you!
The roses in the People's Garden
Plan
Rosarium History - Classification
Floribunda - new color range - Casting
Tree roses - new plantings - Pests - Winter Care
Rambling Roses - fertilizing, finishes
Shrub Roses - Rose Renner - Sponsorship - variety name
The history of roses in the People's Garden
The People's Garden, located between the Imperial Palace and the ring road is famous for its beautiful roses:
1000 standard roses
4000 Floribunda,
300 rambling roses,
(Also called Rose Park) 200 shrub roses.
Noteworthy is the diversity: there are about 400 varieties, including very old plants:
1859 - Rubens
1913 - Pearl of the Vienna Woods
1919 - Jean C.N. Forestier
The above amounts are from the Federal Gardens. My own count has brought other results:
730 tree roses
2300 Floribunda
132 rambling roses
100 shrub roses
That's about 3300 roses in total. Approx. 270 species I was able to verify. Approx. 50 rose bushes were not labeled. Some varieties come very often, others only once or twice.
Molineux 1994
Rubens 1859
Medialis 1993
Swan lake 1968
Once flourished here Lilac and Rhododendron bushes
1823 People's Garden was opened with the Temple of Theseus. Then made multiple extensions.
The part of today's "Rosarium" along the Ring Road was built in 1862. (Picture fence 1874)
What is so obvious to today's Vienna, was not always so: most of the beds in the People's Garden originally were planted with lilac and rhododendron.
Only after the second World War II it was converted to the present generous rose jewelry.
Since then grow along the ring side creepers, high stem and floribunda roses. On the side of Heroes Square, with the outputs, shrub roses were placed, among which there are also some wild roses.
1889 emerged the Grillparzer Monument.
(All the pictures you can see by clicking the link at the end of the side!)
Rhododendrons, output Sisi Avenue, 1930
Classifications of roses
(Wild roses have 7 sheets - prize roses 5 sheets)
English Rose
Florybunda
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rambling Rose
At the Roses in the People´s Garden are hanging labels (if they do not fall victim to vandals or for souvenirs) with the year indication of breeding, the name of breeding and botanical description:
Hybrid Tea Rose (TB): 1 master, 1 flower;
Florybunda (Flb): 1 strain, many flowers;
English Rose (Engl): mixture of old and modern varieties Tb and Flb.
Called Schlingrose, also climbing rose
Florybunda: 1 strain, many flowers (Donauprinzessin)
Shrub Roses - Floribunda - Tree roses - Climbing Roses
Even as a child, we hear the tale of Sleeping Beauty, but roses have no thorns, but spines. Thorns are fused directly to the root and can not be easily removed as spines (upper wooden containers called).
All roses belong to the bush family (in contrast to perennials that "disappear" in the winter). Nevertheless, there is the term Shrub Rose: It's a chronological classification of roses that were on the market before 1867. They are very often planted as a soloist in a garden, which them has brought the name "Rose Park".
Hybrid Tea Rose: 1 master, 1 flower (rose Gaujard )
Other classifications are:
(High) standard roses: roses are not grafted near the ground, but at a certain strain level. With that, the rose gardener sets the height of the crown.
Floribunda roses : the compact and low bushy roses are ideal for group planting on beds
Crambling roses: They have neither roots nor can they stick up squirm. Their only auxiliary tool are their spines with which they are entangled in their ascent into each other
English Rose: mixture of old varieties, hybrid tea and Florybunda (Tradescanth)
4000 Floribunda
Floribunda roses are hardy, grow compact, knee-high and bushy, are durable and sturdy
There are few smelling varieties
Polyantha classification: a tribe, many small flowers; Florybunda: a tribe, many big blossoms
New concept of color: from red to light yellow
The thousands Floribunda opposite of Grillparzer Monument shimmer (still) in many colors. From historical records, however, is indicated that there was originally a different color scheme for the Floribunda than today: At the entrance of the Burgtheater side the roses were dark and were up to Grillparzer monument ever brighter - there they were then already white.
This color range they want again, somewhat modified, resume with new plantings: No white roses in front of the monument, but bright yellow, so that Grillparzer monument can better stand out. It has already begun, there was heavy frost damage during the winter 2011/12.
Colorful roses
2011: white and pink roses
2012: after winter damage new plantings in shades of yellow .
Because the domestic rose production is not large enough, the new, yellow roses were ordered in Germany (Castor).
Goldelse, candlelight, Hanseatic city of Rostock.
Watering
Waterinr of the Floribunda in the morning at 11 clock
What roses do not like at all, and what attracts pests really magically, the foliage is wet. Therefore, the Floribunda roses are in the People's Garde poured in the morning at 11 clock, so that the leaves can dry thoroughly.
Ground sprinklers pouring only the root crown, can not be used because the associated hoses should be buried in the earth, and that in turn collide with the Erdanhäufung (amassing of earth) that is made for winter protection. Choosing the right time to do it, it requires a lot of sense. Is it too early, so still too warm, the bed roses begin to drive again, but this young shoots freeze later, inevitably, because they are too thin.
1000 Tree roses
Most standard roses are found in the rose garden.
During the renovation of the Temple of Theseus the asphalt was renewed in 2011, which was partially only a few centimeters thick, and so was the danger that trucks with heavy transports break into. Due to this construction site the entire flower bed in front had to be replaced.
Now the high-stem Rose Maria Theresia is a nice contrast to the white temple, at her feet sits the self-cleaning floribunda aspirin. Self-cleaning means that withered flowers fall off and rarely maintenance care is needed.
Pink 'Maria Theresa' and white 'aspirin' before the temple of Theseus
Standard tree rose Maria Theresa
Floribunda aspirin
The concept of the (high) standard roses refers to a special type of rose decoration. Suitable varieties of roses are not grafted near the ground, but at a certain height of the trunk. With that the rose gardener sets the height of the crown fixed (60 cm, 90 cm, 140 cm)
Plantings - Pests - Winter Care
Normally about 50 roses in the People's Garden annually have to be replaced because of winter damages and senility. Till a high standard rose goes on sale, it is at least 4 years old. With replantings the soil to 50 cm depth is completely replaced (2/3 basic soil, 1/3 compost and some peat ).
Roses have enemies, such as aphids. Against them the Pirimor is used, against the Buchsbaumzünsler (Box Tree Moth, Cydalima perspectalis) Calypso (yet - a resistance is expected).
In popular garden roses are sprayed with poison, not only when needed, but also as a precaution, since mildew and fire rose (both are types of fungi) also overwinter.
Therefore it is also removed as far as possible with the standard roses before packing in winter the foliage.
Pest Control with Poison
The "Winter Package " first is made with paper bags, jute bags, then it will be pulled (eg cocoa or coffee sacks - the commercially available yard goods has not proven).
They are stored in the vault of the gardener deposit in the Burggarten (below the Palm House). There namely also run the heating pipes. Put above them, the bags after the winter can be properly dried.
Are during the winter the mice nesting into the packaged roses, has this consequences for the crows want to approach the small rodents and are getting the packaging tatty. It alreay has happened that 500 standard roses had to be re-wrapped.
"Winter Package" with paper and jute bags
300 ambling roses
The Schlingrosen (Climbing Roses) sit "as a framing" behind the standard roses.
Schlingrose pearl from the Vienna Woods
Schlingrose Danube
Schlingrose tenor
Although climbing roses are the fastest growing roses, they get along with very little garden space.
They have no rootlets as the evergreen ivy, nor can they wind up like a honeysuckle. Their only auxiliary tool are their spines with which they are entangled in their ascent mesh.
Climbing roses can reach stature heights of 2 to 3 meters.
4 x/year fertilizing
4 times a year, the soil is fertilized. From August, but no more, because everything then still new drives would freeze to death in winter. Well-rotted horse manure as fertilizer was used (straw mixed with horse manure, 4 years old). It smelled terrible, but only for 2 days.
Since the City of Vienna may only invest more plant compost heap (the EU Directive prohibits animal compost heap on public property), this type of fertilization is no longer possible to the chagrin of gardeners, and roses.
In the people garden in addition is foliar fertilizer used (it is sprayed directly on the leaves and absorbed about this from the plant).
Finishes in the Augarten
Old rose varieties are no longer commercially available. Maybe because they are more sensitive, vulnerable. Thus, the bud of Dr. F. Debat already not open anymore, if it has rained twice.
Roses need to be replaced in the People's Garden, this is sometimes done through an exchange with the Augarten Palace or the nursery, where the finishes are made. Previously there were roses in Hirschstetten and the Danube Park, but the City of Vienna has abandoned its local rose population (not to say destroyed), no exchange with these institutions is possible anymore.
Was formerly in breeding the trend to large flowers, one tends to smell roses again today. Most varieties show their resplendent, lush flowers only once, early in the rose-year, but modern varieties are more often blooming.
200 shrub roses
Some shrub roses bloom in the rose garden next to the Grillparzer Monument
Most of the shrub or park roses can be found along the fence to Heroes' Square. These types are so old, and there are now so many variations that even a species of rose connoisseurs assignment is no longer possible in many cases.
The showy, white, instensiv fragrant wild rose with its large umbels near des Triton Fountain is called Snow White.
Shrub roses are actually "Old Garden Roses" or "old roses", what a time
classification of roses is that were on the market before 1867.
Shrub roses are also called park roses because they are often planted as a soloist in a park/garden.
They grow shrubby, reaching heights up to 2 meters and usually bloom only 1 x per year.
The Renner- Rose
The most famous bush rose sits at the exit to Ballhausplatz before the presidential office.
It is named after the former Austrian President Dr. Karl Renner
When you enter, coming from the Ballhausplatz, the Viennese folk garden of particular note is a large rose bush, which is in full bloom in June.
Before that, there is a panel that indicates that the rose is named after Karl Renner, founder of the First and Second Republic. The history of the rose is a bit of an adventure. President Dr. Karl Renner was born on 14 in December 1870 in the Czech village of Untertannowitz as the last of 18 children of a poor family.
Renner output rose at Ballhausplatz
He grew up there in a small house, in the garden, a rose bush was planted.
In summer 1999, the then Director of the Austrian Federal Gardens, Peter Fischer Colbrie was noted that Karl Renner's birthplace in Untertannowitz - Dolni Dunajovice today - and probably would be demolished and the old rosebush as well fall victim to the demolition.
High haste was needed, as has already been started with the removal of the house.
Misleading inscription " reconstruction"?
The Federal Gardens director immediately went to a Rose Experts on the way to Dolni Dunajovice and discovered "as only bright spot in this dismal property the at the back entrance of the house situated, large and healthy, then already more than 80 year old rose bush".
After consultation with the local authorities Peter Fischer Colbrie received approval, to let the magnificent rose bush dig-out and transport to Vienna.
Renner Rose is almost 100 years old
A place had been found in the Viennese People´s Garden, diagonal vis-à-vis the office where the president Renner one resided. On the same day, the 17th August 1999 the rosebush was there planted and in the following spring it sprouted already with flowers.
In June 2000, by the then Minister of Agriculture Molterer and by the then Mayor Zilk was a plaque unveiled that describes the origin of the rose in a few words. Meanwhile, the "Renner-Rose" is far more than a hundred years old and is enjoying good health.
Memorial Dr. Karl Renner : The Registrar in the bird cage
Georg Markus , Courier , 2012
Sponsorships
For around 300 euros, it is possible to assume a Rose sponsorship for 5 years. A tree-sponsorship costs 300 euros for 1 year. Currently, there are about 60 plates. Behind this beautiful and tragic memories.
If you are interested in sponsoring people garden, please contact:
Master gardener Michaela Rathbauer, Castle Garden, People's Garden
M: 0664/819 83 27 volksgarten@bundesgaerten.at
Varieties
Abraham Darby
1985
English Rose
Alec 's Red
1970
Hybrid Tea Rose
Anni Däneke
1974
Hybrid Tea Rose
aspirin
Florybunda
floribunda
Bella Rosa
1982
Florybunda
floribunda
Candlelight
Dagmar Kreizer
Danube
1913
Schlingrose
Donauprinzessin
Doris Thystermann
1975
Hybrid Tea Rose
Dr. Waldheim
1975
Hybrid Tea Rose
Duftwolke
1963
Eiffel Tower
1963
English Garden
Hybrid Tea Rose
Gloria Dei
1945
Hybrid Tea Rose
Goldelse
gold crown
1960
Hybrid Tea Rose
Goldstar
1966
deglutition
Greeting to Heidelberg
1959
Schlingrose
Hanseatic City of Rostock
Harlequin
1985
Schlingrose
Jean C.N. Forestier
1919
Hybrid Tea Rose
John F. Kennedy
1965
Hybrid Tea Rose
Landora
1970
Las Vegas
1956
Hybrid Tea Rose
Mainzer Fastnacht
1964
Hybrid Tea Rose
Maria Theresa
medial
Moulineux
1994
English Rose
national pride
1970
Hybrid Tea Rose
Nicole
1985
Florybunda
Olympia 84
1984
Hybrid Tea Rose
Pearl of the Vienna Woods
1913
Schlingrose
Piccadilly
1960
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rio Grande
1973
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rose Gaujard
1957
Hybrid Tea Rose
Rubens
1859
English Rose
Rumba
snowflake
1991
Florybunda
snow white
shrub Rose
Swan
1968
Schlingrose
Sharifa Asma
1989
English Rose
city of Vienna
1963
Florybunda
Tenor
Schlingrose
The Queen Elizabeth Rose
1954
Florybunda
Tradescanth
1993
English Rose
Trumpeter
1980
Florybunda
floribunda
Virgo
1947
Hybrid Tea Rose
Winchester Cathedral
1988
English Rose
Source: Federal leadership Gardens 2012
Historic Gardens of Austria, Vienna, Volume 3 , Eva Berger, Bohlau Verlag, 2004 (Library Vienna)
Index Volksgartenstraße
www.viennatouristguide.at/Altstadt/Volksgarten/volksgarte...
My conflict; do I stop him from jumping or shoot it?
I only wish I had more time to properly compose the shot...
Knott's Berry Farm.
Cedar Fair Entertainment Company.
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SAFETY GUIDE.
Must be 52" tall to ride..
1 Guest per seat..
Riders under the age of 8 yrs. old must be accompanied by an adult..
This ride may not accommodate guests of a larger size. Enter via exit to ensure the restraints function properly prior to waiting in line..
All passenger restraint systems, including lap bars, shoulder harnesses and seat belts must be positioned and fastened properly to allow guests to ride..
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WINDSEEKER.
is not recommended for guests with a history of .
* Recent Surgery.
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or are.
* Pregnant.
OR any physical conditions that may be aggravated by this ride..
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Attention Riders: Due to the nature of this attraction, backpacks, purses, electronics, stuffed animals, and other loos items are not permitted. Smaller items may be secured n cargo pockets, waist packs, left in a locker, or with a non-rider. Loose fitting shoes may be left in a designated area on the ride platform. Knott's Berry Farm is not responsible for lost items..
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* SPECIAL ACCESS via entrance. TRANSFER REQUIRED Notices pursuant to C.C.R. TITLE 8, SECTION 344.7 may be viewed at the SECURITY OFFICE..
* Passengers with fear of height shall not ride..
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^ RIDERS MUST BE TALLER THAN THIS TO RIDE ^.
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WARNING.
Many rides at Knott's Berry Farm are dynamic and thrilling. There are inherent risks in riding any amusement ride. For your protection, each ride is rated for its special features, such as high speed, steep drops, sharp turns or other dynamic forces. If you choose to ride, you accept all of these risks. Restrictions for guests of extreme size (height or weight) are posted at certain rides. Guests with disabilities should refer to our Ride Admission Policy available at the Information Center. Participate responsibly. You should be in good health to ride safely. You know your physical conditions an limitations - Knott's Berry Farm does not. If you suspect your health could be at risk for any reason, or you could aggravate a pre-existing condition of any kind DO NOT RIDE!
dsc00241, Windseeker construction crew, Fiesta Village, Knott's Berry Farm, Buena Park, CA, 2011.08.07 16.13