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Pūjā is a prayer ritual performed by Hindus to host, honour and worship one or more deities, or to spiritually celebrate an event. Sometimes spelled phonetically as Pooja or Poojah, it may honour or celebrate the presence of special guest(s), or their memories after they pass away. The word Pūjā (Devanagari: पूजा) comes from Sanskrit, and means reverence, honour, homage, adoration, and worship. Puja rituals are also held by Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs.
In Hinduism, puja is done on a variety of occasions, frequency and settings. It may include daily puja done in the home, to occasional temple ceremonies and annual festivals, to few lifetime events such as birth of a baby or a wedding, or to begin a new venture. The two main areas where puja is performed are in the home and at temples to mark certain stages of life, events or some festivals such as Durga Puja and Lakshmi Puja. Puja is not mandatory; it may be a routine daily affair for some Hindus, periodic ritual for some, and infrequent for other Hindus. In some temples, various pujas may be performed daily at various times of the day; in other temples, it may be occasional.
Puja varies according to the school of Hinduism. Within a given school, puja may vary by region, occasion, deity honored, and steps followed. In formal Nigama ceremonies, a fire may be lit in honour of deity Agni, without an idol or image present. In contrast, in Agama ceremonies, an idol or image of deity is present. In both ceremonies, a diya or incense stick may be lit while a prayer is chanted or hymn is sung. Puja is typically performed by a Hindu worshipper alone, though sometimes in presence of a priest who is well versed in procedure and hymns. In temples and priest-assisted event puja, food, fruits and sweets may be included as offerings to the deity, which, after the prayers, becomes prasad - blessed food shared by all present at the puja.
Both Nigama and Agama puja are practiced in Hinduism in India. In Hinduism of Bali Indonesia, Agama puja is most prevalent both inside homes and in temples. Puja is sometimes called Sembahyang in Indonesia.
ETYMOLOGY
Puja (Sanskrit: पूजा) is an ancient word, with unclear origins. Joshi claims the word puja was first used in vedic times when Sūtra were composed, to describe prayers and worship before yajna or homa - fire deity, Agni. Charpentier suggests the origin of the word Puja may lie in the Dravidian languages. Two possible Tamil roots have been suggested: Poosai "to smear with something" and Poochei "to do with flowers".
ORIGNS
According to scholars, one of the earliest mentions of Pūjā is in the Grihya Sutras, which provide rules for domestic rites. These Sutras, dated to be about 500 BC, use the term puja to describe the hospitality to honor priests who were invited to one’s home to lead rituals for departed ancestors. As Hindu philosophy expanded and diversified, with developments such as the bhakti movement, the vedic puja ritual were modified and applied to the deities. As with vedic times, the general concept of puja remained the same, but expanded to welcoming the deity along with the deity's spiritual essence as one's honored guest. The Puranic corpus of literature, dating from about 6th century CE, contain extensive outline on how to perform deity puja (deva pūjā). Deity puja thus melds Vedic rites with devotion to deity in its ritual form. As with many others aspects of Hinduism, both Vedic puja and devotional deity puja continued, the choice left to the Hindu.
As a historical practice, Pūjā in Hinduism, has been modeled around the idea of hosting a deity, or important person, as an honored and dearest guest in the best way one can, given one's resources, and receiving their happiness and blessing in return. Paul Thieme suggests from passages in the Rāmāyaṇa that the word pūjā referred to the hospitable reception of guests and that the things offered to guests could be offered to the gods and their dwellings. The rituals in question were the "five great sacrifices" or pañcamahāyajña recorded in the Gṛhyasūtra texts (for this literature, see Kalpa). The development of pūjā thus emerged from Vedic domestic traditions and was carried into the temple environment by analogy: just as important guests had long been welcomed in well-to-do homes and offered things that pleased them, so too were the gods welcomed in temple-homes and offered things that pleased them. Copper-plate charters recording grants of lands to temples show that this religious practice was actively encouraged from the mid-4th century.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PUJA
In the earliest texts describing Vedic puja, the significance of puja was to host the priest so that he could make direct requests to the gods. An example petition prayer made during a Vedic puja, according to Wade Wheelock, is:
Indra-Agni, slayers of Vrtra with the beautiful thunderbolt, prosper us with new gifts;
O Indra, bring treaures with your right hand;
O Agni grant the enjoyments of a good household;
Give (us) vigor, wealth in cattle, and possession of good horses.
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In contrast to Vedic pujas, the significance of deity pujas shifted from petitions and external goals to the experience of oneness with the deities and their spiritual essence. It became a form of yoga whose final result aimed to be the consciousness of god through homage to god. Nevertheless, even with this evolved theoretical spiritual significance, for many people, puja continued to be a vehicle to petition desires and appeals, such as for good health of one's child, speedy recovery from illness, success in venture envisioned or such. In the structure and practice of puja, the mantras and rituals focus on spirituality, and any petitions and appeals are tacked only to the end of the puja.
Zimmer relates puja to yantras, with the rituals helping the devotee focus on the spiritual concepts. Puja in Hinduism, claims Zimmer, is a path and process of transformation of consciousness, where the devotee and the spiritual significance of the deity are brought together. This ritual puja process, in different parts of India, is considered to be liberating, releasing, purifying and a form of yoga of spirit and emotions.
Puja in Hinduism sometimes involves themes beyond idols or images. Even persons, places, rivers, concrete objects or anything is seen as manifestations of divine reality by some Hindus. The access to the divine is not limited to renunciatory meditation as in yoga school of Hinduism or idols in bhakti school. For some the divine is everywhere, without limit to its form, and a puja to these manifestations signifies the same spiritual meaning to those who choose to offer a prayer to persons, places, rivers, concrete objects or anything else.
TEMPLE PUJA
Temple (Mandir) pūjā is more elaborate than the domestic versions and typically done several times a day. They are also performed by a temple priest, or pujari. In addition, the temple deity (patron god or goddess) is considered a resident rather than a guest, so the puja is modified to reflect that; for example the deity is "awakened" rather than "invoked" in the morning. Temple pujas vary widely from region to region and for different sects, with devotional hymns sung at Vaishnava temples for example. At a temple puja, there is often less active participation, with the priest acting on behalf of others.
ELABORATE PUJA
A full home or temple puja can include several traditional upacaras or "attendances". The following is an example puja; these steps may vary according to region, tradition, setting, or time particularly in ways the deity is hosted. In this example, the deity is invited as a guest, the devotee hosts and takes care of the deity as an honored guest, hymns and food are offered to the deity, after an expression of love and respect the host takes leave and with affection expresses good bye to the deity. Indologist Jan Gonda has identified 16 steps (shodasha upachara) that are common in all varieties of puja:
1. Avahana (“invocation”). The deity is invited to the ceremony from the heart.
2. Asana. The deity is offered a seat.
3. Padya. The deity’s feet are symbolically washed.
4. Water is offered for washing the head and body
5. Arghya. Water is offered so the deity may wash its mouth.
6. Snana or abhisekha. Water is offered for symbolic bathing.
7. Vastra (“clothing”). Here a cloth may be wrapped around the image and ornaments affixed to it.
8. Upaveeda or Mangalsutra. Putting on the sacred thread.
9. Anulepana or gandha. Perfumes and ointments are applied to the image. Sandalwood paste or kumkum is applied.
10. Pushpa. Flowers are offered before the image, or garlands draped around its neck.
11. Dhupa. Incense is burned before the image.
12. Dipa or Aarti. A burning lamp is waved in front of the image.
13. Naivedya. Foods such as cooked rice, fruit, clarified butter, sugar, and betel leaf are offered.
14. Namaskara or pranama. The worshipper and family bow or prostrate themselves before the image to offer homage.
15. Parikrama or Pradakshina. Circumambulation around the deity.
16. Taking leave.
Sometimes additional steps are included:
1. Dhyana (“Meditation”). The deity is invoked in the heart of the devotee.
2. Acamanıya. Water is offered for sipping.
3. Aabaran. The deity is decorated with ornaments.
4. Chatram. Offering of umbrella.
5. Chamaram Offering of fan or fly-whisk (Chamara).
6. Visarjana or Udvasana. The deity is moved from the place.
There are variations in this puja method such as:
1. Pancha upachara pooja (puja with 5 steps).
2. Chatushasti upachara puja (puja with 64 steps).
The structure of elaborate puja also varies significantly between temples, regions and occasions.
QUICK PUJA
A quick puja has the same structure as acts ordinary people would perform for a quick reception, hospitality and affectionate interaction with a beloved guest. First the deity is greeted, acknowledged by name and welcomed, sometimes with a diya or lighted incense stick. The devotee proceeds to connect with the spiritual manifestation by meditating (a form of darshan), or chanting hymns and mantras, then personal prayers follow. After prayer is finished, the spiritual visitor as guest is affectionately thanked and greeted good bye. A quick meditative puja is sometimes offered by some Hindus without an idol or image. According to Fuller, Hindu texts allow flexibility and abbreviated puja according to occasion, needs and personal preferences.
PUJA IN BALINESE HINDUISM
In Hinduism of Bali Indonesia, puja is sometimes called Sembahyang. The word originates from two words in old Javanese: sembah and hyang. Sembah means to respect and bow down; Hyang means divine, God/Shang Hyang Widhi, holy man, and ancestors. So to pray means to respect, bow down, surrender to the divine and ancestors.
Sembahyang (Puja) is an obligation for Balinese Hindus, the prayers and hymns are derived from the Vedas. A family typically offers prayers everyday, with Kewangen and other offerings. Kewangen means aromatic, and it is made from leaves and flowers in form of auspicious Vedic symbols. Balinese use kewangen to worship the divine, both in form of Purusha (soul) and Pradana (body). As with India, Balinese make offerings, including symbolic inclusion of fire, incense and mantras.
GURU PUJA
In the case of great spiritual masters, there is also a custom to perform puja for a living person. Gurus are sometimes chosen as objects of puja and honored as living gods or seen the embodiment of specific deities. Gurus are sometimes adorned with symbolic clothes, garlands and other ornaments, and celebrated with incense, washing and anointing their feet, giving them fruits, food and drinks and meditating at their feet, asking for their blessing.
PUJA AS A SOCIAL, HUMAN RIGHTS EVENT
As with Church services in Christianity, Pūjā in Hinduism has served as a means for Hindu communities outside India to gather, socialize, discover new friends and sometimes discuss ways to address social discrimination of Hindus. For example, Marion O'Callaghan reports that the Hindu diaspora brought as indentured laborers to Trinidad by the British colonial government, suffered discriminatory laws that did not recognize traditional Hindu marriages or inheritance rights of children from a traditional Hindu marriage, nor did the non-Hindu majority government allow pyre cremation or construction of crematorium. These Hindu rituals were considered pagan and uncivilized. Pujas offered a way for Hindus to meet, socially organize and petition their human rights. Over time, pujas became as much as social and community recreational event, as a religious event.
CRITIQUE OF PUJA IN THE PURVA MIMAMSAKA SCHOOL
Although pūjā is accepted as a valid religious activity by Hindus at large, it has long been criticised by Mīmāṃsā thinkers. The foundational work of this school is the Karmamīmāṃsāsūtra or "Aphorisms for Enquiry into the Act," composed by Jaimini. The earliest surviving commentary is by Śabara who lived around the end of the fourth century. Śabara's commentary, known as Śabarabhāṣya holds pride of place in Mīmāṃsā in that Sabara's understanding is taken as definitive by all later writers. In his chapter entitled Devatādikaraṇa (9 : 1: 5: 6-9), Śabara examines the popular understanding of the gods and attempts to refute the belief that they have material bodies, are able to eat the offerings made to them, and are capable of being pleased and so able to reward worshippers. Basing himself on the Vedas (he refused to accept the Mahābhārata, Purāṇa texts or even the Smṛti literatures as valid sources of authority), Śabara concludes that the gods are neither corporeal nor sentient and thus unable to enjoy offerings or own property. For this he appeals to empirical observation, noting that offerings do not decrease in size when given to the gods; any decrease is simply due to exposure to the air. Likewise he argues that substances are offered to gods not according to the wishes of the gods, but that "what is vouched for by direct perception is that the things are used according to the wishes of the temple servants (pratyakṣāt pramāṇāt devatāparicārakāṇām abhiprāyaḥ). In the course of his discussion, Śabara's asserts that "there is no relation between the case of guests and the sacrificial act." This incidental remark provides sound historical proof that pūjā was built on analogy with atithi, the ancient Vedic tradition of welcoming guests. What Śabara is maintaining is that this analogy is not valid. While the Mīmāṃsakas continued to maintain this interpretation for centuries, their defeat in debate at the hands of Śaṅkarācārya led to theirs being a minority view. It is a remarkable testament to the plurality and tolerance of Indian civilization that Mīmāṃsakas flourished even into the 17th century, as evidenced by the commentaries of Nīlakaṇṭha.
REGIONAL NAMES
Puja, sometimes spelled pooja, is called பூஜை in Tamil, and bucha (บูชา) in Thai.
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Pushkar (Hindi: पुष्कर) is a town in the Ajmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is situated 14 km northwest of Ajmer at an average elevation of 510 m and is one of the five sacred dhams (pilgrimage site) for devout Hindus. According to Hindu theology, the pond at the Katas Raj temple Near Choa Saidan Shah in Chakwal District of Pakistan has a theological association with Shiva; it was formed by the tears of Lord Shiva which he is believed to have shed after the death of his wife, Sati. The story goes that when Sati died, Shiva cried so much and for so long, that his tears created two holy ponds – one at Pushkara in Ajmer in India and the other at Ketaksha, which literally means raining eyes, in Sanskrit. It is from this name that the word Katas is derived. It is often called "Tirth Raj" – the king of pilgrimage sites – and has in recent years become a popular destination for foreign tourists.
Pushkar is one of the oldest existing cities of India. It lies on the shore of Pushkar Lake. The date of its actual origin is not known, but legend associates Brahma with its creation.
Pushkar has many temples. Most of the temples are not very old because MANY TEMPLES WERE DESTROYED DURING MUSLIM CONQUESTS in the area. Subsequently, the destroyed temples were rebuilt. The most famous among all is the Brahma Temple built during the 14th century CE. Very few temples to Lord Brahma exist anywhere in the world. Other temples of Brahma include Bithoor in Uttar Pradesh, India; Khedbrahma in Gujarat, India; village Asotra near Balotra city of Barmer district in Rajasthan; Uttamar Kovil (one of the Divya Desams) near Srirangam, Tamil Nadu; Mother Temple of Besakih in Bali, Indonesia; and Prambanan in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The Pushkar lake has 52 ghats where pilgrims descend to the lake to bathe in the sacred waters.
Pushkar is also famous for its annual fair (Pushkar Camel Fair) held in November.
ETYMOLOGY
Pushkar in Sanskrit means blue lotus flower. Hindus believe that the gods released a swan with a lotus in its beak and let it fall on earth where Brahma would perform a grand yagna. The place where the lotus fell was called Pushkar. Pushkar word may be derived from word 'Pushkarni'means- lake. It may be derived from word Pushpa means flower and Kar means hand.
HISTORY
Pushkar is one of the oldest cities of India. The date of its actual founding is not known, but legend associates Brahma with its creation.
According to legend, Brahma was in search of a place for Mahayagna and he found this place suitable. After a long time, Brahma came to known that a demon, Vajranash, was killing people here so the Lord intoned a mantra on a lotus flower and killed the demon. During this process the parts of flower fell on three places which were later known as Jyaistha, Madhya and Kanistha Pushkar. After this Brahma performed a yagna to protect this place from demons. The consort of Brahma, Saraswati, were needed to offer Ahuti for the yagna but she was not there that time so Gayatri, a Gurjar girl, was married to brahma and performned yagna. This act made first wife of Brahma, Saraswati, angry and she cursed Brahma saying that he would be worshiped in Pushkar only.
The Mahabharata says that while laying down a programme for Maharaja Yudhishthara’s travel, “Maharaja after entering the Jungles of Sind and crossing the small rivers on the way should bathe in Pushkara". And, as per Vaman Purana, Prahlada on his pilgrimage to holy places visited Pushkarayana.
A Gurjara Pratihara ruler of Mandore, Nahadarava, restored this tirtha in the seventh century. He got the place cleared and the lake restored by making an embankment on the side of the river Luni. He rebuilt old palaces and built twelve dharmashalas (resting places) and ghats on three sides of the lake.
According to Rajputana Gazetteer Pushkar was held by Chechi Gurjars until about 700 years ago.Later Some shrines were occupied by Kanphati Jogis.
There are still priests from the Gurjar community in Pushkar temple, known as Bhopas.
The sage Parasara is said to have been born here. His descendants, called Parasara Brahamanas, are found in Pushkar and the surrounding area. The famous temple of Jeenmata has been cared for by Parasara Brahmans for the last 1,000 years.
It is also the venue of the annual Pushkar Camel Fair. In 1901, the town was part of the Rajputana Agency had a population of 3,831.
PUSHKAR FAIR
Pushkar fair continues for five days and these five days are a period of relaxation and merry-making for the villagers. This fair time is the most busy time for them, as this is one of the largest cattle fairs in the country. Animals, including over 50,000 camels, are brought from miles around to be traded and sold. Trading is brisk as several thousand heads of cattle exchange hands. All the camels are cleaned, washed, adorned, some are interestingly shorn to form patterns, and special stalls are set up selling finery and jewellery for the camels. Camels at the Pushkar fair are decorated with great care. They wear jewellery of silver and beads. There are silver bells and bangles around their ankles that jangle when they walk. An interesting ritual is the piercing of a camel's nose. It has more than 400 temples including the only one temple in India dedicated to the Hindu God Lord Brahma, the Creator of the Universe.
According to Indian mythology, after visiting all the Hindu pilgrim towns and temples (Four Dhams), if Pushkar is not visited for worship, then salvation is not achieved. According to the Hindu calendar Pushkar Fair commences in Nawami (ninth day of fortnightly phases of moon) and ends in Purnima (Full Moon) in the month of Kartika (October or November according to the lunar calendar). In Pushkar, one of the biggest Cattle Fair is also held for trading purposes and the best cattle in all categories are awarded. Countless people in their colourful attire gather to take a dip in the Holy Lake and pray to the deities. The whole town comes alive with vibrant folk music and dances, magic shows, horse and camel races and various other traditional entertainment competitions.Pushkar, with more than 12 local fairs and festivals of 10–15 days duration is a year round destination. It is a mellow town by the great lake of Pushkar amidst the perfume of jasmine and rose flowers. About 4,000 to 6,000 visitors from all over the world come to Pushkar everyday.
PUSHKAR LAKE
The prime attraction of Pushkar is the Pushkar Lake which is considered sacred like the Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. Pushkar has become a place of Hindu pilgrimage because of this holy lake. Legend has it that this lake was consecrated to Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe when a lotus dropped from his hand into the vale and a lake emerged in that place.
BRAHMA TEMPLE
The most important temple in Pushkar is the Temple of Lord Brahma, one of the holy trinity of Hinduism. The temple enshrines a life-size idol of Lord Brahma.
SAVITRI TEMPLE
This temple that is located at the top of the Ratnagiri Hill is dedicated to Savitri, the wife of Lord Brahma. The temple houses a statue of Goddess Savitri.
Director Theophilus Raynsford Mann
~ a Taiwanese social reformer, philosopher, photographer, and film director
“Do Everything for My People”
馬天亮導演
~ 臺灣的社會改革者，哲學家，攝影師，和電影導演
《造福人民》
SUMMARY
Theophilus Raynsford Mann is a naturalist, occultist, Buddhist and Taoist. In 1982, Mann developed a technique for abstract photography, applied “Rayonism” into photographic works. Mann staged 32 individual, extraordinary exhibitions around Taiwan, who was the first exhibitor around Formosa. Mann’s works is the beginning of modernization in the modern abstract arts in the world. At the University of Oxford, Mann’s attractive topic was “A View of Architectural History: Towns through the Ages from Winchester through London Arrived at Oxford in England”; also an author at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Michigan in the United States; an alumnus from Christ Church College at the University of Oxford in England, the University of Glamorgan in Wales, and National Taiwan University in Taipei on Taiwan. Mann’s works have been quoted by the scholars many times, making Mann one of the highly cited technological, artistic, and managing public administrators in the academia. Mann was listed in “Taiwan Who’s Who In Business” © 1984, 1987, 1989 Harvard Management Service.
Education in Taiwan and a Brief of Latest Generation of History in Taiwan / Formosa
In 1980, Mann obtained his postgraduate certificate from the Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering of National Taiwan University in Taipei; successfully completed another graduate studies in Information dBase III Plus and Taiwanese Traditional Chinese Mandarin Information System at National Sun Yat-Sen University in Kaohsiung in 1989.
Early Career
In 1989, Mann instituted Mann’s Office of Electrical Engineer, he settled himself in electrical technology and industries as a chief engineer in his early years. He put his professional and precise knowledge to good account in business management. A formal business management with business relationship established to provide for regular services, dealings, and other commercial transactions and deed. He had many customers having a business and credit relationship with his firm then he was a successful engineer.
Study Abroad and Immigration into the United Kingdom
In 1998, Mann studied abroad when he arrived in Great Britain; he studied at School of Built Environment, the University of Glamorgan, Wales for a master of science in real estate appraisal. Until the summer of 2000, Mann completed an academic course on “Towns through the Ages” from Christ Church at the University of Oxford.
PHILOSOPHICAL VIEWS
Mann is a naturalist; he trusts spiritual naturalism and naturalistic spirituality, which teaches that “the unknown” created this wonderful world. “The unknown” arranged the nature with its law so that everything in nature is kept balanced and in order. However, human beings failed to control themselves, deliberately went against the law of nature, and resulted in disasters, which we deserved. He also is an occultist, a Taoist, and a Buddhist; but in Britain, he frequently goes to Christian and Catholic churches, where he makes friends with pastors and fathers as well as churchgoers. In his mind, he recognizes “Belief is truth held in the mind; faith is a fire in the heart”. He is always a freethinker, does not accept traditional, social, and religious teaching, but based on his ideas: a thought or conception that potentially and actually exists in his mind as a product of mental activity - his opinion, conviction, and principle. If people have not come across eastern classics and philosophy, we are afraid that people would never understand Theophilus Raynsford Mann. People cannot judge an eastern philosopher based on western ways of thinking. He studies I Ching discovering eastern classics of ancient origin consisting of 64 interrelated hexagrams along with commentaries. The hexagrams embody Taoist philosophy by describing all nature and human endeavour in terms of the interaction of yin and yang, and the classics may be consulted as an oracle.
Back in the 1990s when Mann just arrived at England, he had been offered places to do Ph.D. and LL.M. degrees (degree in Law and Politics of the European Union) by several western professors in the Great Britain. He has met all the requirements for postgraduate admissions to study at UK’s universities.
During his time at Oxford, he learnt a lot of British culture and folk-custom while carrying out research with many British and Western professors, experts, and archaeologists. This proves that Mann understands various aspects in British society, culture, and lifestyles. Of course, he does not fully understand about the perspectives of thinking of a typical British. For example, what would be the most valuable in life for a British person? What would a British want to gain from life? What is the goal in life for a British? Is it fortune or a lover? Alternatively, perhaps honour? On the other hand, maybe being able to travel around the world and see the world?
FAIRNESS and JUSTICE
As Theophilus Raynsford Mann’s saying are:
“Touching Fairness and Justice”
Feel good about themselves, but do not know the sufferings of the people...
Who can get easy life like them?
What is profile of modern society?
What type and style is truly solemn for this society identify?
Where “the characterization” is? Who can see? Did you see it?
《感動的公平與正義》
自我感覺良好, 不知民間疾苦...
誰能得到安逸的生活如同他們一樣？
這是個什麼樣子的社會？
這個社會認定什麼樣的類型和風格是真正莊重的?
「特徵」在那裡？誰可以看到？你看到了嗎？
Jurisprudence and Political Philosophy and Perspectives
Mann ever studied judicial review and governmental action, the impact of law and legal techniques, constitutional mechanisms for the protection of basic rights, and ensuring the integrity of commercial activity, the impact of law and legal techniques on government, policymaking, and administration, as well as the creation of markets. He tries to understand these critical trends in the political development of modern state. Mann will combine both theoretical and empirical approaches, and the conditions for democratic transition and the nature of state development in the ‘post-industrial’ era of globalisation and economic integration.
According as Mann’s legal experiences, he comprehend that “the knowledge of the law is like a deep well, out of which each man draught according to the strength of his understanding”, and, law and arbitrary power are in eternal enmity. He is also sure law and institutions are constantly tending to gravitate like clocks; they must be occasionally cleansed, and wound up, and set to true time.
The government issues a decree - an authoritative order having the force of law, which charged with putting into effect a country's laws and the administering of its functions. Any of the officials promulgate a law or put into practice relating to the government charged with the execution and administration of the nation's laws then they announce and carry out the creation of any order or new policy that will be responsible for the people.
Mann had knowledge in connexion with construction law; he also understands architectural arts, and as well learnt the forms by combining materials and parts include as an integral part concerning modern construct. I ever built urban buildings and rural architecture in different styles under new housing and building projects by the governmental administration and construction corporations.
Right now, Mann studies the problems caused by ethnic disputes and human armed conflicts in the modern society resulted code of mixed civil and criminal procedure. He wishes an agreement or a treaty to end human hostilities - the absence of war and other hostilities around the world. The interrelation and arrangement of freedom from quarrels and disagreement become harmonious relations living in peace with each other. Actually, erect peace in more friendly ways of making friendships for modern human society is comfortable in my ideal. It is like building monolithic architecture: houses and buildings for the people. Mann would like to do “something beautiful for `the unknown`”.
In the ethnic disagreement and armed conflicts as concerning the poor people and children notwithstanding they live through a bad environment on any of poor or crowded village or town in a particular manner - lived frugally. However, after years of industrialisation as a more educated population, becomes more aware of global plenum, continuing to be alive. Environmental groups are increasing and lobbing government will legislate to stop bad environmental and social practices. The establishments of human rights’ wide and untiring efforts will be alleviated people’s suffering. And as well the poor people shall meet and debate sustainable development and for a concerted government led action towards sustainability is an example that the younger generation are concerned for the future. It shall be making the younger easier for their life and make better on their lives, and help them to build a better future.
In present world, Mann really knows the full meanings of “Fundamental Human Rights and Equal Opportunities for the People”. He thinks ethics is the moral code governing the daily conduct of the individual toward those about him / her. It represents those rules or principles by which men and women live and work in a spirit of mutual confidence and service. Without going into the question of how an ethical code was formulated or why anybody should obey it, we can look at the matter in a common-sense fashion with reference to its influence upon our legal affairs. In brief, from the law point of view, a reputable ethical code embodies the qualities of accuracy, dependability, fair play, sound judgement, and service. It is based upon honesty.
No person can have an ethical code that concerns him / her alone. Living in society, as he / she must, a person encounters others whose rights must be respected as well as his / her own. An honest regard for the rights of others is an essential element of any decent code of ethics, and one that anyone must observe if anybody intends to follow that code. After all, ethics is not something apart from human beings. Indeed, there is no such thing apart from our actions and us. It is the duty, therefore, of every man and woman in legal affairs to see that his daily associations with others are truly in conformity with the plain meaning of the Ten Commandments: “Thou shalt not barratry, thou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not receive illegal fee and the rest”.
The knowledge Mann has, in connection with legal affairs, was usually come from his precious experiences of his past over ten year’s law and political careers. In an interval regarded as a distinct period of 1980s, he studied mixed civil and crime, and the code of mixed civil and criminal procedure for the problems caused by ethnic disputes and human armed conflicts in the modern society. He was especially one who maintains the language and customs of the group, and social security in Taiwan.
Since 30 July of 1988, Mann settled himself in law as a chief executive and scrivener at Central Legal, Real Estate, and Accounting Services Office; it is in the equivalent to a solicitor of the United Kingdom. The Office provided full legal, accounting, real estate, and commercial services to the public. He did his job as a person legally appointed by another to act as his or her agent in the transaction of business, specifically one qualified and licensed to act for plaintiffs and defendants in legal proceedings and affairs. Over and above Mann was a chairman and executive consultant at Taiwan Credit Information Company®, founded in 1994. The company offered services to the public in response to need and demand in the area of credit information.
Mann had excellent experiences in political and law work was pertaining to mixed civil and crime, the code of mixed civil and criminal procedure, construction, and commercial law abroad. The experiences of legal services related to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings concerning these rights as distinguished. In the criminal proceedings, he did many cases for the defendants. Although an act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment is imposed upon conviction; but he also laid legal claim, required as useful, just, proper, or necessary to the defendants under the human rights in the meantime. This provision ensures to the defendant a real voice in the subject.
The men whose judgement we respect are those who do not allow prejudices, preferences, or personalities to influence their decisions. Profit and self-aggrandisement are likewise ignored in their determination to reach an equitable and fair settlement. What are the basic principles upon which good judgement is founded? A keen intellect, a normal emotionally, a through understanding of human nature, experience of law work, sincerity, and integrity.
Developed a Technique for Abstract Photography and Abstractionist
In 1982, Mann developed a technique for abstractive photography, which applied “rayonism” to the photographic works. In November of 1984, Mann was 26-year-old, he instructed many professors and students of National Taiwan Normal University in photography of abstract impressionism and rayonnisme in Taipei, Taiwan. The word “rayonnisme” is French for rayonism - a style of abstract painting developed in 1911 in Russia.
Photographic Exhibitions
Theophilus Raynsford Mann Photographic Exhibition of “Rayonnisme / Rayonism” Tour - Invitational Exhibition of Taiwan 1983-84.
一九八三〜八四年中華民國臺灣 馬天亮攝影巡迴邀請展
Theophilus Raynsford Mann Photographic Exhibition of Rayonism (32 individual exhibitions) 1983~1985.
馬天亮『光影』攝影特展（個人展32場）1983〜1985年.
Mann staged 32 individual, extraordinary exhibitions and annual special exhibitions on photography of abstractive image and Rayonnisme around Taiwan / Formosa. Mann was the first exhibitor around the country. All of the invited displays were by the Taiwan’s Government, cultural and artistic organisations, and sponsors. Mann’s earliest exhibition took place in the National Taiwan Arts Education Center (Museum) on 19 December 1983 when Mann was 25 years old; Mann was the youngest exhibitor in the history of the Center in any solo exhibitions. The Center that was opened in March 1957, kept a collection of Mann’s work. It is currently updating the Center’s internal organisation and strengthening co-operation with leading centers and museums around the world. Meanwhile, it widened the center’s scope to increase its emphasis on Taiwan’ regional culture and folk arts.
Modernization in the Modern Abstract Arts of Taiwan
Mann’s works is the beginning of modernization in the modern abstract arts of Taiwan, China and greater Chinese society in the world. The use of “modernisation” as a concept that is opposed to “Traditional” of “Conservative” ideas began with the approach of the 20th century. It spreads rapidly through academic circles, and was broadly accepted as a means to reform society. Chinese Manchu Qing (Ching) dynasty’s first steps toward modernisation began in the Tung-chih era (1862-1874) with the “Self-Empowerment Movement”. During the late 19th century, as late Manchu dynasty was confronted on all sides by foreign aggression, voices throughout society debated the most effective means to reform and strengthen the country. Some advocated “combining the best of East and West”, while others went so far as to call for “complete Westernisation”. Taiwan was at the centre of these waves of reform. Faced with direct threats against the island by foreign enemies, the Chinese Ching dynasty court took special steps to push Taiwan’s modernisation.
In a role just like that of a gardener wanting to create a rich and fertile environment for the seeds of culture, one in which Mann may sprout, grow and bloom. Mann aims to provide an educational stimulus for society by introducing his works - Mann can express the neo-romantic spirit deftly from various creations and supporting international artistic exchanges. Mann believes that the first step in creating such a new and independent state is the real emergence of culture and arts, for which the art and science of designing and erecting buildings, and fine arts (including photography and motion picture) of the civilization is a good measurement of success. For the foreseeable future, Mann should be continuing to forge ahead, working diligently and unceasingly towards its mission of raising China and Formosa / Taiwan’s culture in his spare time.
Became an Author and a Scholar
In 1980, Theophilus Raynsford Mann completed his first book - scenario original “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”, also named: “Hun Yun : Jin Qi Tu Rui” 電影原著《魂韻》(衿契吐蕊) then Mann was at the age of 22. In 1983, The General Library of the University of California, Berkeley in the United States of America, collected and kept Mann’s writings - scenario original 「魂韻 : 衿契吐蕊」“Hun Yun : jin qi tu rui”, included a musical composition of his own – “Sonate Nr. 1 C-dur op. 3 für Klavier (piano)”, composed on 3rd April 1977 then Mann was 18 years old. The works were published in 1980; the theme was based on “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”. Another masterpiece was an Album of Academic Work for News
Publication “Theophilus Raynsford Mann Photographic Exhibition of Rayonnisme / Rayonism”, published in 1985. The Hathi Trust Digital Library, the University of Michigan also collected and kept Mann’s writings.
Authorship
Mann’s articles and writings were published in more than 200 different kinds of domestic and foreign magazines, newspapers, and periodicals, in the period between May of 1972 and 1990s. It was all started when Mann was just 13-year-old. Many of which have been very influential. These have been quoted by Western and Eastern scholars many times in the last few years, making Mann one of the highly cited technological, artistic, and managing public administrators in the world in the late 20th and early 21st century. The Ministry of the Interior in Taiwan had registered Mann’s professional writings and given him two certificates of copyright. The numbers are 33080 and 33081 on 4th July of 1985; and Taiwan’s Gazette of The Presidential Office issue No. 4499, featured his writings on 4th September 1985.
Became an Academic and Film Director
Today, Mann is a professor at Space Time Life Research Academy, a photographer (portrait, fashion, commercial, digital, architectural, abstract photography), film director, and computer engineer now live and work in London; and most currently engage in his vocational professions of ‘Consultant of Immigration and Translations’. Mann is an author at the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Michigan; an alumnus from Christ Church at the University of Oxford, the University of Glamorgan, and National Taiwan University in Taipei.
Director Works:
FILMS:
Experimental Film: “New Image for the Spring” © 1982
Abstract Films:
“Rayonnisme 110124” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0ghIxV0LBo&feature=youtu.be
www.youtube.com/watch?v=PC_r2CO-UJs&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17893335268/in/datepo...
“Rayonism 110124” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Ph8qb2Wjps&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17979015641/in/photos...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=IN1e07X4AEc&feature=youtu.be
“Light Dancing 110124” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=DmCVSjG1KEk&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17553751944/in/photos...
“Birth” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoG3cxICeEY
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17797502869/in/datepo...
“Fantasy in Dream” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=pkcmrMmF_gc&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/18115536036/in/photos...
“floating” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xFOdzM3T9Y&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17525813743/in/photos...
“Optical Rotation” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=a48BPHplf4Q&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17576816593/in/photos...
Documentary Films:
“Spider” 130921 © 2013
www.youtube.com/watch?v=flSg_KZC8T4&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17482109753/in/photos...
“Fighting by Spider” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcpkc6niMiY&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/18201816521/in/photos...
“Spider's Living” © 2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWjYRRTsltI&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/18208449565/in/photos...
“London Buddha Day Festival, UK 150510 英國倫敦浴佛節” © 2015
www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mcPNaQtWu8&feature=youtu.be
www.flickr.com/photos/124141020@N05/17883706816/
www.youtube.com/watch?v=RApsQA2Km1w
Theophilus Raynsford Mann 馬天亮導演 - YouTube
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijotODxZkNo&list=LLosvuIOImSV...
www.youtube.com/channel/UCosvuIOImSVgFru84i9omOQ/videos
www.youtube.com/playlist?list=LLosvuIOImSVgFru84i9omOQ
Bing Videos
www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Theophilus+Raynsford+Mann&am...
Yahoo Video
video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=A2KLqIJi82hVnk0A...
Google Search
www.google.co.uk/search?client=aff-cs-360se&ie=UTF-8&...
Drama Films:
“The Soul's Sentimentalizing” of the feature film is based on the scenario original “The Soul's Sentimentalizing” (preparation)
FASHION SHOWS:
New Image for the Spring of Shapely Models International © 1982
High Lights on the Summer and Fall Fashion of Shapely Models Int’l © 1982
ART EXHIBITIONS:
The Cadillac Club International Fine Arts Exhibition © 1981
The Cinematic & Photographic Arts Salon and the Hall of the Arts, Pegasus Academy of Arts © 1981
Musician Work:
MUSIC COMPOSITION:
Sonate Nr. 1 C-dur op. 3 für Klavier (piano) © 1977, © 1980, © 1981, © 1983, the theme was based on “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”.
PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS:
Portrait and Landscape in France © 2000
Portrait and Landscape in Scotland © 2001
Portrait and Landscape in England © 2009
Portrait at Queen Mary, University of London © 2010
Rayonism of London © 2011
Portrait at The University of Nottingham, United Kingdom © 2011
Snowy Southeast London, United Kingdom © 2012
Male Teeth of Great Britain © 2012
Long-horned Grasshopper of London, England © 2012
Tettigoniidae of the United Kingdom © 2012
Spider of London, United Kingdom © 2012, © 2013
Portrait at King's College London © 2013
Buddha 佛, London, United Kingdom © 2014
Summer Flowers of London © 2014
London Buddha Festival, UK 150510 英國倫敦浴佛節 © 2015
www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijotODxZkNo
The Art of Buddhist Sculpture in London Buddha Festival, UK © 2015
英國倫敦浴佛節佛陀雕塑藝術, music “Gymnopedie No. 3”, “Gymnopédies”
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQqyefiuAYY
BOOKS:
Scenario Original「魂韻」(衿契吐蕊) “Hun yun: jin qi tu rui” © December 1980, © 1981, © 1983 (Date of First Publication: 31 December 1980, Second Edition on 29 July 1981, Date of Revision: Revised Edition on 8 May 1983), Languages: Chinese (traditional), and English language.
“Album of the Cadillac Club International Fine Arts Exhibition” © 1981
“Album of the Cinematic & Photographic Arts Salon and the Hall of the Arts, Pegasus Academy of Arts” © 1981
“Album of New Image for the Spring of Shapely Models International” © 1982
“Album of High Lights on the Summer and Fall Fashion of Shapely Models Int’l” © 1982
“Romantic Carol” © 1982
Album of Academic Work for News Publication: “TianLiang Maa (Theophilus Raynsford Mann) Photographic Exhibitions of Rayonnisme” © May 1985
新聞出版之學術著作專輯「馬天亮『光影』“Rayonism” 攝影展」© May 1985
New version of scenario original “The Soul's Sentimentalizing” (to be published)
「曾經輝煌到頂天立地」 “The Indomitable Spirit Was Brilliant to Successful” (The indomitable spirit was brilliant to towering a great height from earth reaching the sky!
Individual biography, to be published)
“My Life, My History, and My Love” (based on a legend, to be published, a film scenario will be developed later)
「感動的公平與正義」“Touching Fairness and Justice” (political science and social studies, to be published)
「氣壯山海‧頂天立地‧民富國強‧白金時代」 “Full of power and grandeur thrusts onto the mountain and ocean, towering a great height from earth reaching the sky for my people with good fortune and my country become stronger, builds a platinum era - white golden age.” (Chinese version for my way towards national election)
Research Interests:
University of Oxford
Research Studies in Archaeology:
Mann’s attractive topic was “A View of Architectural History: Towns through the Ages from Winchester through London Arrived at Oxford in England”.
National Taiwan University
Graduate Certificate,
Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering:
Mann’s monograph of seminar was “Applied the sequence control in the electric power distribution engineering”.
University of Glamorgan
M.Sc. Course,
Master of Science in Real Estate Appraisal:
Mann’s thesis - major subject, with relevant construction law was “The Assignment is under Economics of Construction Management in Architecture”.
National Sun Yat-Sen University
Postgraduate Certificate,
Postgraduate Studies in Computing:
Mann’s required subject was Information dBase III Plus and Taiwanese Traditional Mandarin Chinese Information System. He combined academic course work and practical laboratory sessions in “Applied Mandarin Phonetic Symbols into Traditional Taiwanese Personal Computer and Its Information System”.
Associations:
Member of The Kaohsiung Life Line Association since 11 January 1979, an association established in the USA.
Member of The Society of Youth Writers, Tien (Catholic) Educational Center, Taipei since 1980.
Since 1980, a member of Chinese Taipei Film Archive (CTFA, National Film Archive, Taiwan; founded in 1978), The Motion Picture Foundation, R.O.C. (member of Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film, FIAF; The International Federation of Film Archives was founded in Paris in 1938 by the British Film Institute, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, the Cinémathèque Française and the Reichsfilmarchiv in Berlin.)
Commissioner of the cinema, photography, radio, and television committee of The Culture and Arts Association (Chinese Writers and Artists Association) of Taiwan ever since September 1983.
Classic member, the membership is equivalent to a doctorate membership of the Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering since 23 March 1984.
On 15 March 1989, Mann promoted and founded the Consortium Juridical Person Mr. Theophilus Raynsford Mann Social Benefit Foundation 財團法人馬天亮先生社會公益基金會籌備處 (Social Charity 社會慈善事業) in Taiwan.
near.archives.gov.tw/cgi-bin/near2/nph-redirect?rname=tre...
Classic member, the membership is equal to a professor or associate professor of The Chinese Institute of Engineers since 30 September 1991.
Honours:
Listed on ‘Taiwan Who’s Who In Business’, © 1984, © 1987, and © 1989 Harvard Management Service.
中華民國企業名人錄編纂委員會, 哈佛企業管理顧問公司.
On 26 August 1985, Mann was awarded a professional certificate of the Outdoor Artistry Activities issued by Education Bureau, Kaohsiung City Government, Taiwan. He acquired awards and certificates of honour about twenty times from National Taiwan Arts Education Center (Museum) on 24 December 1983; Kaohsiung Municipal Social Education Center on 17 March 1984, Kaohsiung Cultural Center, Taipei Cultural Center (Taipei Municipal Social Education Hall); and Taiwan Province Government, Taipei City Government, Kaohsiung City Government, and many cultural centres and art galleries, and so on.
Careers:
Honorary Professor at Space Time Life Research Academy, 7 June 2012 to present; Professor at Space Time Life Research Academy, 1 September 2011 to 1 June 2012 in London, United Kingdom:
Academia,
Teaching and Research:
business management and consultant, political philosophy, Chinese classics, Chinese humanities, modern Chinese language and literature, photography (portrait, fashion, commercial, digital, architectural, abstract photography), visual arts and film production.
教學與研究：
企業管理及顧問、政治哲學、中華經典 (古典漢學、文學、藝術、語言) 、中華人文、中華現代語言與文學、攝影 (人像、時裝、商業、數位/數碼、建築、抽象攝影) ，視覺藝術和製作影片。
Consultant and Translator at Eternal Life Consultants of Immigration and Translations Services, 10 March 2004 to present in London, United Kingdom:
consultants of immigration, translations, and legal services.
永生移民顧問翻譯服務社的移民諮詢顧問和翻譯：
移民事務，翻譯和法律服務。
Computer Hardware and Networking Engineer at Mann Office of Electrical Engineer, 8 March 2004 to present in London, United Kingdom:
Computer Engineering and Network Services. Repairing of Motherboards, Monitors, Power Supplies, CD-ROM Drives; UPS, Hard Disk Drives, H.D.D Data Recovery; BIOS Programming, and all types of Computer Hardware and Software Solutions.
計算機工程和網絡服務。維修主機板，顯示器，電源供應器，光碟機/光盘驱动器，不斷電系統，硬碟/硬盘，硬盤數據恢復，基本輸入輸出系統編程，以及所有類型的電腦/計算機硬體/硬件和軟體/軟件解決方案。
Film Director and Photographer at Shapely Studio of Creative & Cultural Industries, 2 April 2007 to present in London, United Kingdom:
1) Photo, Video and Film Production; 2) Graphic Design, Web Design, Social Networking, Social Media and Advertising; 3) Architectural Design and Interior Design.
Reformer and Philosopher at Taiwanese Social Reformer and Philosopher, 7 April 2012 (location: Los Angeles, California) to present in London, United Kingdom:
Social Reform in Taiwan
《魂韻》(衿契吐蕊) - 馬天亮22歲寫的電影原著。Theophilus Raynsford Mann (TianLiang Maa) wrote “Hun Yun” (Jin Qi Tu Rui), scenario original “The Soul’s Sentimentalizing” © 1980, 1981, 1983, was at the age of 22.
Website
mtltwp.pixnet.net/album/set/1265174
photo.roodo.com/photos/mtltwp/albums/small/100469.html
www.facebook.com/hunyun22/info
Sonate Nr. 1 C-dur op. 3 für Klavier (piano) by Theophilus Raynsford Mann (TianLiang Maa 馬天亮) © 1977, © 1980, © 1981, © 1983. The Sonate composed on 3rd April 1977 then Mann was 18-year-old. The work was published in 1980; the theme was based on “The Soul's Sentimentalizing”.
Website
mtltwp.pixnet.net/album/set/1265208
www.facebook.com/sonate1c/info
LINKS:
University of California, Berkeley
berkeley.worldcat.org/search?q=Ma%2C+Tianliang&dblist...
berkeley.worldcat.org/title/hun-yun/oclc/813684284?refere...
oskicat.berkeley.edu/record=b11283690~S1
University of Michigan
mirlyn.lib.umich.edu/Record/006237256
catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/006237256
WorldCat® Identities
www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AMa%2C+Tianliang%2C&dbl...
www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/np-ma,%20tianliang$1958
Google Books
books.google.co.uk/books?id=PkyaAAAAIAAJ&redir_esc=y
books.google.co.uk/books?id=JfxnMwEACAAJ&dq=editions:...
scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=3569983911138966023&am...
National Bibliographic Information Network (NBINet)
nbinet3.ncl.edu.tw/search~S10?/a%7bu99AC%7d%7bu5929%7d%7b...
192.83.186.170/search*cht/a%E9%A6%AC%E5%A4%A9%E4%BA%AE
National Yang Ming University 國立陽明大學
library.ym.edu.tw/search~S7*cht?/tThe+Soul%27s+and+sentim...
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 國立臺灣科技大學
millennium.lib.ntust.edu.tw/record=b1016706~S1
國家圖書館 期刊文獻資訊網, 臺灣期刊論文索引
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/search_result.jsp?...
聲音藝術的審美角度, 大學雜誌, 天然
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0...,
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0...
為文化中心把脈, 幼獅文藝
readopac3.ncl.edu.tw/nclJournal/search/detail.jsp?sysId=0...,
科學家與守財奴, 中國地方自治
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馬天亮教授
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Who is talking
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HOMEPAGE
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Abstract Films:
Rayonnisme © 2011
Rayonism © 2011
Light Dancing © 2011
Birth © 2011
Fantasy in Dream © 2011
floating © 2011
Optical Rotation © 2011
Documentary Films:
Spider © 2013
Fighting by Spider © 2011
Spider's Living © 2011
Spider's Living © 2011 (part I)
London Buddha Day Festival, UK 英國倫敦浴佛節 © 2015
The Art of Buddhist Sculpture in London Buddha Festival, UK © 2015
英國倫敦浴佛節佛陀雕塑藝術
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AOL t.maa@aim.com
Tel +44 (0) 7448 118 233
VARPALOTA TRAINING AREA, Hungary - Cpt. John Lane, the battalion air-medical physician’s assistant for U.S. Army Europe’s 12th Combat Aviation Brigade, demonstrates various U.S. military aid and liter techniques to Soldiers from the 11th Royal Netherlands Army Maneuver Brigade during Exercise Saker Falcon 2014 here, March 31. Saker Falcon is a multinational training exercise involving roughly 200 Soldiers from U.S. Army Europe's 12th Combat Aviation Brigade, two Dutch Air Assault battalions, and Hungarian military forces. The objectives of the training include enhancing joint combined interoperability with allied and partner nations and preparing participants to operate in a joint, multinational, integrated environment with support from Hungarian governmental agencies. Saker Falcon, underway from April 3 through April 17, reinforces U.S. Army Europe's strategic objectives to increase regional flexibility, preserve and enhance NATO interoperability, and facilitate multinational training. (U.S. Army Europe photo by Spc. Joshua Leonard)
In 1965 Mary and I used buy a “Kitchen Sink” together with a long-neck Emu Bitter and watch the sunset over Cottesloe and finish off with greasy kisses… before returning for lectures..
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Now Flickr has sent me a message saying I have been specially selected for more benefits and asked for my banking details to confirm future payments… very impressive detailed chat for the SCAM….
SEE HERE…
Dear User,
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Please be informed that the customer has already completed the payment for the order. To facilitate the transfer of funds, you will need to provide your card details to which the payment will be directed. Additionally, you will be required to undergo a secure "identification" process, which is a one-time requirement. In the future, you will be able to receive funds from the buyer with a simple press of a button.
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Customer Support
My reply..
Who is the buyer who will send funds and for the future?
I am suspicious of supply more card details that Flickr already has. Please clarify this offer and what I get from it.
Since this is the first time you are using our payment system, you will need to verify the account that will later receive payments for services sold. This is a standard procedure to verify the account holder. This is to confirm that you can use the online payment system and to protect buyers and sellers from fraudsters.
Thanks Bill, aka Spelio
Our system has detected that this is your first time using our service.
To enable automatic processing of future sales, we need to verify your identity. Please link your bank card to the platform — this is required to confirm and register your card in our system.
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Flickr already has my card details….
Due to the new rules, verification is required directly on the website.
But is this a scam?
Dear customer! Our company has a good reputation and a lot of positive feedback from our customers. The verification procedure is completely reliable and safe! We need to carry out the verification stage for the safety of our customers to avoid fraud!
To verify your card, you are required to enter the exact balance. This step is essential to confirm that the card belongs to you. Our service prioritizes your safety and will take all necessary measures to ensure a successful verification process. Providing your card balance is part of the procedure to authenticate and confirm ownership of the card.
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Please enter the exact amount, for example, 999.99.
Please stay on this page until the transfer is complete.
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THIS IS A BLOODY SCAM AND I CANCELLED YOUR ATTEMPTED DEDUCTION
THE BANK just phoned me to see if I had made a deduction of over $800 so I cancelled the card…
The IAEA conducts a national workshop on nuclear security detection in Victoria Falls, bringing together authorities from the Office of the President and Cabinet, the Radiation Protection Authority, the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority and others, to view and strengthen national nuclear security detection strategies and measures in Zimbabwe. Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe. 10 October 2016.
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
The hottest woman for most men is Jessica Alba because of her perfect face, her breath-taking smile and her acting ability. No one can really blame them for those are what most women and even men envy about her. Her films have always been blockbusters such as; Spy Kids, Fantastic Four and the...
Jessica Alba after plastic surgery Awful Plastic Surgery Pics Of Jessica Alba She Was Considerably Greater In Advance Of Surgical Procedures
Procedure:
Set camera up to take ice photos at eight (8) seconds for water blur.
Move, then accidentally click the remote.
Walk with it, decide to delete later.
Open photo and click Autocontrast in PS5
Add Fractalius Filter.
Add second Fractalius Filter.
Add Topaz Light Effects.
Save as .PSD for more effects later. :-D
Save for Web to upload to Flickr.
This 3D medical animation features a procedure called 'Root canal treatment'. This is a sequence of steps to treat the pulp of a tooth which results in the elimination of infection and protection of the decontaminated tooth from future microbial invasion.
Read More: A Latest Breakthrough Shoos Away Root Canals… - bit.ly/2gelh56
Check bit.ly/2gFuDrM to know more about dental animations.
Take Four Photographs and make them monotone to appreciate their perspective. Happen reflect them and then to extend them. The above procedure resulted in these photographs.
Information on the Church and the local area is available in the Church at opening times. The stones both in and around the church are an excellent historic document. I was on a trip between two Megalithic Standing Stones and also to the Witches' Stone just outside the village of Spott.
We were very fortunate to find the Church open and I used available light to catch what I could of the interior. We were greeted and made welcome and shown some of the history of the area from the fantastic records that were in the Church. Some of these pictures might be further edited as I have not been well. The over emphasis on scrutinising images as you edit can bring about strange views, nothing that a cup of tea and time away from the screen cannot cure. I feel that I need to make a return visit and ask about using a tripod to bring out the light better.
© PHH Sykes 2022
phhsykes@gmail.com
Spott Church
Witches' Stone, Spott
canmore.org.uk/site/57667/witches-stone-spott
Easter Broomhouse Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
canmore.org.uk/site/57622/easter-broomhouse
Pencraig Hill Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
canmore.org.uk/site/56240/pencraig-hill
Also The Modern Antiquarian and The Megalithic Portal
Witches' Stone, Spott
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/6453/witches_stone.html
Witches' Stone, Spott
www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=8239
Easter Broomhouse Standing Stone
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/1492/easter_broomhouse_...
Easter Broomhouse Standing Stone
www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?x=368000&y=676600
Pencraig Hill Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
www.themodernantiquarian.com/site/1494/pencraig_hill_stan...
Pencraig Hill Standing Stone (Prehistoric)
Dr. Darm has practiced aesthetic medicine for the past 15 years, performing over 50,000 laser procedures. Previously, Dr. Darm was a board certified Emergency Medicine physician (ER doctor) with over 20 years experience. He graduated from Stanford University with a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a minor in Psychology. His medical training was obtained at OHSU.
Dr. Darm opened his private practice, Aesthetic Medicine, in 1995. Initially specializing in weight loss, he expanded to include hair removal and rosacea treatments in 1997. Since that time, new services have been added yearly to promote health, wellness and beauty. Dr. Darm has pioneered his own trademark procedure, LaserLift™ for the treatment of wrinkles, and LipoLift™ for the treatment of unwanted fat and cellulite. He is internationally recognized and sought out by patients from all over the world.
For more information log on www.drdarm.com.
KEYWORDS:
"Dr. Darm" "Aesthetic Medicine" "Medical spa Portland" "Day spa Portland" Lasers "Laser Treatments" "Skin clinic Portland" "Laser skin clinic Portland" "Laser liposuction Portland" "Laserlift Portland" "Laser lift Portland" "Lipo lift Portland" "Plastic surgeon Portland" "Dermatologist Portland" Esthetician "Board certified plastic surgeon" "Weight Loss Center Portland" "Medical Weight Management"
"Dr. Darm" "Aesthetic Medicine" Laserlift Lipolift "Laser Lipolysis" Velashape Mesoporation Mesoderm Slimlipo "Lipolift I" "Lipolift III" "Oregon Lipo" Lipo Liposuction "Cosmetic Surgery" "Portland Liposuction" "Laser Liposuction" "Body Sculpting" "Liposuction Portland" "Body Contouring" "Cosmetic Surgery Oregon" "Liposuction Surgeon" "Lipo Portland" "Plastic Surgeon" "Body Contour" "Affordable Liposuction" "Water Liposuction" "Water Lipo" "Board Certified Plastic Surgeon"
"Board Certified Plastic Surgery" "local plastic surgeon" "Liposuction Surgeon Portland" "Portland Liposuction Surgeon"
"Fat and Cellulite" Fat Cellulite "Orange peel" "Body Sculpting" "Lipolift I" "Lipolift III" "Lipolift trilogy" Mesoporation Mesoderm Mesotherapy Velashape Slimlipo "Laser Lipolysis" "Laser Liposuction" IPL "Laser surgery" "Laser surgery Portland" "Intense Pulsed Light"
"treatments of wrinkles" "Anti-aging" "Skin aging" "Age spots" "Age spots treatment" Botox Dysport Fillers Juvederm Restylane Laserlift "Skin resurfacing" "Laser skin resurfacing" "Chemical peel" "Chemical peeling" "Dermal fillers" Microdermabrasion Dermabrasion Photofacial Photorejuvenation Dermatologist Esthetician
"Skin Problems" "Laser skin" Acne "Acne vulgaris" "Acne scar treatment" "Acne cure" Moles "Skin tags" "Sun damage" "Dark circles" Rosacea Birthmarks Scars "Actinic keratosis" "Cosmetic laser" "Skin pigmentation treatment" "Stretch marks" Hyperpigmentation Hipopigmentation
"Hair Removal" "Hair Removal Portland, Oregon" "Laser hair" "Hair laser removal" "Hair laser removal Portland, Oregon" "Unwanted laser hair removal" "ELOS technology"
"Spider veins" "Spider veins treatment" "Spider veins before and after" "Varicose veins" "Vein therapy before and after" "Vein therapy" "Vein therapy Portland" Sclerotherapy "Sclerotherapy before and after" "Sclerotherapy Portland" "Radio Frequency"
"Weight Loss" "Medical weight management" "Medical weight loss program" "Low Calorie Diet program" "Healthy Solutions program" "Weight Loss before and after" "aesthetic medicine" "Dr. Darm" dietician nutritionist
"Facial Plastic Surgery" "Plastic Surgery Portland" "Plastic Surgery" "Plastic surgeries" "Plastic Surgeons"
"Face plastic surgery" Rhytidectomy Facelifts "Face lifts" Abdominoplasty "Tummy tuck" Rhinoplasty "Nose job" Otoplasty "Ear surgery" "Neck lift" "Cheek lift" Broplasty "Brow lifts" Blepharoplasty" "Eyelid surgery" "Reconstructive surgery" Microsurgery "Treatment of burns" "Breast implants" "Breast surgery" "Breast augmentations" "Breast reconstruction" "Boob job" Mammoplasty "Breast reduction" "Buttock augmentation" "Butt implant"
Same procedure as every year (yay!) - this weekend I had the joyful honor to attend the Cologne fashion doll collectors' convention : )!
It was a fantastic day, I met with old and dear friends and got to know a whole bunch of lovely new people. My funniest moment was when a very kind french lady and her daughter came to my table and my french skills left me within a second. I could only excuse myself (in french at least!) with a laughing "I DO speak french, but not at this moment" - obviously *rotf* ; )
Ah, it was great! My photos surely aren't the best, they're usually taken in a hurry and only at the beginning of the day, since I'm becoming very busy afterwards, but at least I really did take some :).
To all of you who are going to attend the IT convention soon - I'm wishing you tons of fun, have many, many great moments, meet old and new friends and enjoy every minute. In my heart I'll be with you *hugs*!
Nina*
On September 21, 2011, the Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office (SSCO) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center hosted the team of robot operators from the Johnson Space Center (JSC)—a mix of robotic experts from NASA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) who are certified to staff the "ROBO" (NASA Mission Control speak for robotics) console positions at NASA's Mission Control Center in Houston, TX. From there, they operate the Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator robot, known as "Dextre," on board the International Space Station to perform a wide range of on-orbit robotic tasks and activities. While at Goddard, the ROBO team fine-tuned the Robotic Refueling Mission Gas Fittings Removal task procedures that Dextre performed on orbit.
Here, ROBO team members Ian Mills (left) and Atif Qureshi (right) manipulate an Ambient Cap Adapter by hand before the task is performed with the robot.
Image Credit: NASA
Procedures At Orange Coast Laser Specialists, we offer the most advanced laser tattoo removal and skin rejuvenation treatments using Cynosure's premier picosecond laser system on the market today: The PicoSure. This dynamic laser system specializes in fast and effective aesthetic treatments that are unparalleled by older platforms, including tattoo removal,
So what have all these procedures done for one Jenna Jameson? Her face now looks frozen and as unnatural as it could be, in fact her fans are doubtful if they even recognize the woman anymore, so pronounced have been the changes in her repertoire.
I had the opportunity to watch the veterinary team perform routine tests on Lena, a Virginia opossum. People around me, including a teenager and an adult, asked about the device I was holding. "Is that a camera?"
“What cannot be removed, becomes lighter through patience”
- Latin Proverb
I feel like neo from "The Matrix", shall we go for the Blue Pill? Or the Red? I wonder what the green one does?
(To everyone who asked how i am, yes i'm feeling better.
Thank you all for your kind caring words.)
How is everyone today?
Original Caption: Scene Across a Channel Dug by a Dragline at North Key Largo. This Procedure Is Regulated by the State Government, But Many Abuses Have Been Documented by the Miami Press.
U.S. National Archives’ Local Identifier: 412-DA-6157
Photographer: Schulke, Flip, 1930-2008
Subjects:
Florida (United States) state
Environmental Protection Agency
Project DOCUMERICA
Persistent URL: arcweb.archives.gov/arc/action/ExternalIdSearch?id=548644
Repository: Still Picture Records Section, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001.
For information about ordering reproductions of photographs held by the Still Picture Unit, visit: www.archives.gov/research/order/still-pictures.html
Reproductions may be ordered via an independent vendor. NARA maintains a list of vendors at www.archives.gov/research/order/vendors-photos-maps-dc.html
Access Restrictions: Unrestricted
Use Restrictions: Unrestricted
Dr. Darm has practiced aesthetic medicine for the past 15 years, performing over 50,000 laser procedures. Previously, Dr. Darm was a board certified Emergency Medicine physician (ER doctor) with over 20 years experience. He graduated from Stanford University with a Bachelor of Science in Biology and a minor in Psychology. His medical training was obtained at OHSU.
Dr. Darm opened his private practice, Aesthetic Medicine, in 1995. Initially specializing in weight loss, he expanded to include hair removal and rosacea treatments in 1997. Since that time, new services have been added yearly to promote health, wellness and beauty. Dr. Darm has pioneered his own trademark procedure, LaserLift™ for the treatment of wrinkles, and LipoLift™ for the treatment of unwanted fat and cellulite. He is internationally recognized and sought out by patients from all over the world.
For more information log on www.drdarm.com.
KEYWORDS:
"Dr. Darm" "Aesthetic Medicine" "Medical spa Portland" "Day spa Portland" Lasers "Laser Treatments" "Skin clinic Portland" "Laser skin clinic Portland" "Laser liposuction Portland" "Laserlift Portland" "Laser lift Portland" "Lipo lift Portland" "Plastic surgeon Portland" "Dermatologist Portland" Esthetician "Board certified plastic surgeon" "Weight Loss Center Portland" "Medical Weight Management"
"Dr. Darm" "Aesthetic Medicine" Laserlift Lipolift "Laser Lipolysis" Velashape Mesoporation Mesoderm Slimlipo "Lipolift I" "Lipolift III" "Oregon Lipo" Lipo Liposuction "Cosmetic Surgery" "Portland Liposuction" "Laser Liposuction" "Body Sculpting" "Liposuction Portland" "Body Contouring" "Cosmetic Surgery Oregon" "Liposuction Surgeon" "Lipo Portland" "Plastic Surgeon" "Body Contour" "Affordable Liposuction" "Water Liposuction" "Water Lipo" "Board Certified Plastic Surgeon"
"Board Certified Plastic Surgery" "local plastic surgeon" "Liposuction Surgeon Portland" "Portland Liposuction Surgeon"
"Fat and Cellulite" Fat Cellulite "Orange peel" "Body Sculpting" "Lipolift I" "Lipolift III" "Lipolift trilogy" Mesoporation Mesoderm Mesotherapy Velashape Slimlipo "Laser Lipolysis" "Laser Liposuction" IPL "Laser surgery" "Laser surgery Portland" "Intense Pulsed Light"
"treatments of wrinkles" "Anti-aging" "Skin aging" "Age spots" "Age spots treatment" Botox Dysport Fillers Juvederm Restylane Laserlift "Skin resurfacing" "Laser skin resurfacing" "Chemical peel" "Chemical peeling" "Dermal fillers" Microdermabrasion Dermabrasion Photofacial Photorejuvenation Dermatologist Esthetician
"Skin Problems" "Laser skin" Acne "Acne vulgaris" "Acne scar treatment" "Acne cure" Moles "Skin tags" "Sun damage" "Dark circles" Rosacea Birthmarks Scars "Actinic keratosis" "Cosmetic laser" "Skin pigmentation treatment" "Stretch marks" Hyperpigmentation Hipopigmentation
"Hair Removal" "Hair Removal Portland, Oregon" "Laser hair" "Hair laser removal" "Hair laser removal Portland, Oregon" "Unwanted laser hair removal" "ELOS technology"
"Spider veins" "Spider veins treatment" "Spider veins before and after" "Varicose veins" "Vein therapy before and after" "Vein therapy" "Vein therapy Portland" Sclerotherapy "Sclerotherapy before and after" "Sclerotherapy Portland" "Radio Frequency"
"Weight Loss" "Medical weight management" "Medical weight loss program" "Low Calorie Diet program" "Healthy Solutions program" "Weight Loss before and after" "aesthetic medicine" "Dr. Darm" dietician nutritionist
"Facial Plastic Surgery" "Plastic Surgery Portland" "Plastic Surgery" "Plastic surgeries" "Plastic Surgeons"
"Face plastic surgery" Rhytidectomy Facelifts "Face lifts" Abdominoplasty "Tummy tuck" Rhinoplasty "Nose job" Otoplasty "Ear surgery" "Neck lift" "Cheek lift" Broplasty "Brow lifts" Blepharoplasty" "Eyelid surgery" "Reconstructive surgery" Microsurgery "Treatment of burns" "Breast implants" "Breast surgery" "Breast augmentations" "Breast reconstruction" "Boob job" Mammoplasty "Breast reduction" "Buttock augmentation" "Butt implant"
Breast augmentation procedure is finished by putting inserts behind bosom tissue or under the chest muscle. An embed is a sac loaded up with either clean salt water (saline) or a material called silicone. The medical procedure is done at an outpatient medical procedure facility or in an emergency clinic. Most ladies get general sedation for this medical procedure.
Stained and mounted slides in the ubiquitous 20-slide folder. The folder is delivered to the pathologist, who examines the slides with a microscope and makes a pathologic diagnosis.
In US labs, the slides are kept for at least ten years before being trashed. In that time, some fading does occur, but they are still readable. Some labs never throw out old slides but store them indefinitely.
SAN DIEGO (Sept. 9, 2010) Chief Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technician Jeff Rotherham, assigned to Explosive Ordnance Disposal Training and Evaluation Unit (EODTEU) 1, demonstrates the proper collection procedure of a biological sample in a suspect clandestine biological warfare agent production facility. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass communication Specialist Second Class Elizabeth J. Dumolt/Released)
Same procedure as every year (yay!) - this weekend I had the joyful honor to attend the Cologne fashion doll collectors' convention : )!
It was a fantastic day, I met with old and dear friends and got to know a whole bunch of lovely new people. My funniest moment was when a very kind french lady and her daughter came to my table and my french skills left me within a second. I could only excuse myself (in french at least!) with a laughing "I DO speak french, but not at this moment" - obviously *rotf* ; )
Ah, it was great! My photos surely aren't the best, they're usually taken in a hurry and only at the beginning of the day, since I'm becoming very busy afterwards, but at least I really did take some :).
To all of you who are going to attend the IT convention soon - I'm wishing you tons of fun, have many, many great moments, meet old and new friends and enjoy every minute. In my heart I'll be with you *hugs*!
Nina*
Zero, known by many names to those who cared for him on the street, recently had a much-needed dental surgery. But during this procedure the vet realized that not only does he have entropion (a painful eyelid condition) he also has ulcers on each eye. He needs surgery right away to minimize potential damage to his eyes. So he's going under the knife yet again this Tuesday. His caretakers are trying to raise enough money to cover this new bill. You all were so generous with his dental, we're hoping we can help with this even more-pressing surgery. Once this happens he'll finally be ready to find a permanent indoor home forever. This guy has been on the street for many years, we're looking forward to a warm and pain-free retirement for this former street cat! Please follow the link in our bio to his new fundraiser. #helpZero #entropiancat #catsofbushwick #seniorcat instagr.am/p/Cl6iiS_Od9q/
U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys, South Korea (March 20, 2023) - With the help of 2nd Combat Aviation Brigade, Soldiers of Eighth Army Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion trained on MEDEVAC procedures on U.S. Army Garrison Humphreys (Camp Humphreys) March 20. The Soldiers practiced administering first aid along with loading and off-loading mock casualties from the air ambulance. The ongoing exercise #FreedomShield affords Eight Army Soldiers the opportunity to not only practice combat operations, but also drill on saving lives. (U.S. Army photo by Cpl. Park, Joon Hyeok) 230320-A-ZZ999-0003
** Interested in following U.S. Indo-Pacific Command? Engage and connect with us at www.facebook.com/indopacom | twitter.com/INDOPACOM | www.instagram.com/indopacom | www.flickr.com/photos/us-pacific-command; | www.youtube.com/user/USPacificCommand | www.pacom.mil/ **
There happens to be a particular room within the pages of the book Fifty Shades of Grey that is very infamous. I thought it would be fun to create an illustration relating to...the Red Room of Pain! You can read more and see more illustrations at www.rufflesandrestraints.com
I shot this while waiting for my retinal doctor earlier, my right eye numbed and dialated- 7 different drops in all- nervous of course. But progress and correction is happening. Lines are straight and I can thread needles. #retina#sapersteinmd
A candidate practices I.V. procedures on a dummy arm during the Expert Field Medical Badge competition in Grafenwoehr, Germany, Sept. 10. Before the EFMB candidates take the actual testing they all must go through the standardization phase. During this portion the service members are taught what they must do at each of the different lanes so they understand what to expect before the actual testing phase. Passing rates for the badge range from 5-25 percent of candidates, making the EFMB a distinctive mark in a Soldier's records. About us: U.S. Army Europe is uniquely positioned to advance American strategic interests across Eurasia and has unparalleled capability to prevent conflict, shape the environment and, if necessary, win decisively. The relationships we build during 1000 theater security cooperation events in more than 40 countries each year lead directly to support for multinational contingency operations around the world, strengthen regional partnerships, and enhance global security. (Photo by Sgt. Michael Reinsch, U.S. Army Europe Public Affairs)
Tags:- Keira Knightley after plastic surgery After Plastic Surgery Pictures Of Keira Knightley She Is Really Charmful Soon After Plastic Beauty Surgical Procedure Keira Knightley after before plastic surgery
For Kiera Knightley, talent was never enough to stay on top but the self-confidence to perform live in front of anyone will do. And a better way to have confidence to do so is to look good inside and out. Needless to say, her physical appearance is a...
Staff Sgt. Nathan M. Peterson prepares to detonate unexploded ordnance during Exercise Cobra Gold 2015, Feb. 20. The U.S. Marine EOD shared tactics and procedures on how to properly dispose unexploded ordnance to the RTAF. Cobra Gold demonstrates the commitment of the Kingdom of Thailand and the United States to our long-standing alliance and regional partnership to advance prosperity and security in the Asia-Pacific region. Peterson, from Des Moines, Iowa, is a U.S. Marine explosive ordnance disposal technician with Marine Wing Support Squadron 171, Marine Aircraft Group 12, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, III Marine Expeditionary Force. For more information on exercise Cobra Gold, please visit the official Facebook page at www.facebook.com/ExerciseCobraGold. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. Mandaline Hatch/Released)
Dinner for One, also known as The 90th Birthday, is a two-hander comedy sketch written by British author Lauri Wylie for the theatre. German television station Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) recorded a performance of the piece in 1963, in its original English language. This comedy sketch went on to become the most frequently repeated TV program ever.
The 18-minute single take black-and-white 1963 TV recording featuring British comedians Freddie Frinton and May Warden has become an integral component of the New Year's Eve schedule of several German television stations. Versions of the sketch are also shown in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, the Faroe Islands, Austria, German-speaking Switzerland, South Africa and Australia.
On New Year's Eve of 2005 alone, the sketch has been repeated more than 230 times.
The line "Same procedure as every year" has become a very popular catchphrase in Germany. The phrase has entered everyday vocabulary, and is used in newspaper headlines and advertisements.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
New cadets at the United States Military Academy at West Point, NY conduct gas chamber exercises during cadet basic training, July 23rd, 2014. Cadet basic training is a seven-week summer program that teaches fundamental military tactics and procedures. (US Army photo by Spc. Frank Cagnina)
via
Pelvic floor repair surgery is the most common surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. Pelvic floor repair is a broad term used to classify a variety of simple, surgical procedures for repairing the pelvic floor. The three surgeries for pelvic floor prolapse include: anterior repair, posterior repair, and a hysterectomy.
Although Restore Your Core does not provide any surgical treatment for pelvic floor issues, my hope is that this article may answer any questions you may have regarding pelvic floor repair and the various procedures and treatments involved in getting you back to a healthy, active lifestyle.
What are the Symptoms of Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Prolapse can affect several abdominal organs. These organs are said to prolapse if they descend into or out of the vaginal canal or anus. The medical terminology for these occurrences include:
Cystocele: prolapse of the bladder into the vagina, the most common condition
Urethrocele: prolapse of the urethra (the tube that carries urine)
Uterine prolapse
Vaginal vault prolapse: prolapse of the vagina
Enterocele: Small bowel prolapse
Rectocele: Rectum prolapse
What Causes Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
There are many factors that are thought to cause a prolapse. In most cases, anything that may apply or put increased pressure in the abdomen can lead to a pelvic organ prolapse. Some of the common causes may include:
Pregnancy, labor, and childbirth are the most common causes
Obesity
Connective tissue disorders
Respiratory problems with a chronic, long-term cough
Constipation
Genetic factors
Pelvic organ cancers
Surgical removal of the uterus (hysterectomy)
Diastasis recti (weakened core, connective tissues)
Are you looking for safe and restorative exercises to heal from pelvic floor symptoms
Learn more about the RYC program
Learn More
Are you looking for safe and restorative exercises to heal from pelvic floor symptoms
Learn more about the RYC program
Learn More
Symptoms
The symptoms of a prolapse somewhat depend on which organ has descended. If you are suffering from a bladder prolapse, urinary incontinence may occur. If it is a rectal prolapse, constipation, painful bowel movements, and painful sex often occur. Lower back pain, painful sex, and bowel obstruction or incontinence tend to accompany a small intestine prolapse as well. If you are suffering from a prolapse of the uterus, you may also suffer from uncomfortable intercourse, incontinence, and lower back pain.
In some cases, there may never be signs of a prolapse or the presence of any painful symptoms. However, in others some women report symptoms ranging from:
Pressure or sense of fullness in the pelvic area
Lower back pain
Painful sex
Sensation of something falling out of the vagina
Urinary incontinence or frequent urination
Constipation
Spotting or bleeding from the vagina
In cases where there may be a severe prolapse, POP symptoms may worsen. One may notice:
Bulging of the vaginal region
Needing manual assistance during a bowel movement
Difficulty urinating, spraying stream of urine
The need to lift the bulging vagina in order to urinate
Urinary leakage during intercourse
Recurrent UTIs or kidney infections
How long does a pelvic floor repair operation take?
The length of the surgical procedure can vary greatly from patient to patient. The general estimate for the surgery ranges from around 3-5 hours, but may have a shorter or longer duration depending on various factors. Some of the elements that may determine the length of the operation can include:
Internal anatomy
Shape of the pelvis
Weight
Internal scarring or inflammation
Prior abdominal/pelvic floor surgery
Does Surgery Really Work?
Surgery to fix a uterine prolapse are usually successful. In most patients the surgeries for POP have been reported to have an 80% – 95% success rate.
The success rate for sacrospinous ligament fixation (surgery to correct the bulging of the vagina) ranges between 80% – 90%, for uterosacral ligament suspension (surgery restoring support to the top of the vagina) is also 80%-90% successful, and sacrocolpopexy (surgery fixing the vaginal vault and the cervix) and sacrohysteropexy (fixing the prolapse of the uterus) have also shown the same success rate.
However, even after prolapse surgery, there is still a chance that another part of the vagina or uterus may prolapse.
What Can I Expect After POP Surgery?
These are the general guidelines that doctors will usually give post POP OP (this is not medical advice): Each day in recovery you can expect to begin to feel stronger. During your recovery, you may need to remain on pain medication for about a week or two and may experience fatigue and weakness. A typical recovery time line varies from 4 to 6 weeks until you recover from an open surgery and anywhere from 1 to 2 weeks to recover from vaginal surgery. Your doctor should give you more specific guidelines.
During your recovery period, you should avoid any sexual activity, vigorous exercise, heavy lifting, or any activities that may put pressure or strain your operation area. Your doctor should give you more specific guidelines. The most important aspect to your quick recovery is rest – getting enough sleep will help you recover.
During your recovery, you might experience vaginal discharge or light bleeding. If so, avoid using tampons or douche. Use a sanitary pad if necessary. Your doctor should give you more specific guidelines.
How long do you stay in the hospital after prolapse surgery?
After your prolapse surgery, it is likely that you will need to remain hospitalized for 2 – 3 days depending on the operation and any underlying medical conditions you have. During this time your medical care takers will help ensure your recovery by monitoring for any potential complications and providing clean, sanitized treatment of the operation site.
Are There Complications with Prolapse Surgery?
Although pelvic surgery has proven to be a very safe procedure, as with any surgery, there are a few risks and potential complications that can arise. Please discuss this with your doctor but the common ones include:
Bleeding
Infection
Tissue or organ injury
Hernia
Conversion to open surgery
Urinary incontinence
Urinary retention
Vesicovaginal fistula (rare, abnormal connection between vagina and bladder)
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms of complications, it is important that you seek medical assistance. In some cases these symptoms can be common and unserious, but it is always best to consult your doctor if you have any concerns.
Can pelvic floor muscles be repaired?
If you have experienced a prolapse, uterine or otherwise, it can be a shocking and painful experience. However, there are ways to decrease symptoms without surgery.
Nonsurgical Treatments
There are several ways in which to treat a uterine or vaginal prolapse. The three most common approaches are pessary, restorative exercises, and biofeedback therapy.
Pessary
A pessary is probably one of the first treatments your doctor will recommend if you have symptoms of POP. A pessary is a ring shaped device that is inserted into your vagina. This will help support your pelvic organs. Being fitted for a pessary is a lot like being fitted for a diaphragm. Many of my clients with severe POP find that a pessary is useful for allowing them to live fuller lives while they slowly use PT and exercise to help resolve the prolapse.
Restorative Exercises & Physical Therapy
Pelvic floor exercises help strengthen your pelvic muscles. Although the most common exercise recommended by health professionals today is the kegel exercise, there are many more exercises that you can do that are helpful for restoring PF function and giving support for your pelvic organs. Kegels are a pretty outdated model of care when used alone, without a more whole body approach to healing.
What is involved in pelvic floor reconstruction?
Pelvic floor reconstruction surgery is a group of procedures that are performed to treat prolapse of uterus, rectum, small intestines, or other pelvic organs.
Anterior Vaginal Repair
Anterior repair is a surgical procedure that seeks to reinforce weakened layers between the bladder and the vagina. This surgery helps relieve symptoms such as vaginal bulging and to improve bladder function.
The surgery can be performed under general anaesthetic. The most common method of anterior repair is by an incision made along the centre of the front wall of the vagina – starting at the entrance and ending at the top of the vagina. The weakened layers are then repaired and anu superfluous tissue is removed. This is typically done with absorbable stitches.
Posterior Vaginal Repair
A back wall (posterior) vaginal prolapse is usually caused by weakness in the tissues and muscles that divide the vagina from the lower part of the bowel. This surgical procedure is performed to order to repair or restore the weakened layers between the rectum and the vagina.
As with an anterior vaginal repair surgery, posterior repair surgery is usually performed under general anesthetic. The procedure involves a minor incision being made along the back wall of the vagina starting at the entrance and finishing near the top. The weakened layers are then repaired using absorbable stitches.
Vaginal Hysterectomy
A vaginal hysterectomy is typically performed with a prolapsed uterus. This is when the uterus (womb) descends into the vagina and in some severe cases, protrudes or extends outside of the vaginal canal. The surgery is performed by removing the uterus through the vagina.
A vaginal hysterectomy is performed under general or spinal anaesthetic. In order to remove the uterus, the surgeon will make an incision at the top of the vagina around the cervix, clears the bowel and bladder from the uterus, and cuts through the connecting tissues to remove the uterus. The surgeon will then close the vaginal vault and commonly adds additional supporting stitches as the surgery is being performed.
You don’t need to live in
fear, pain or discomfort
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You don’t need to live in
fear, pain or discomfort
Get back the confidence + lifestyle you love
Learn More
Does Physical Therapy Help Post-Surgery?
If you are meeting with a physical / occupational therapist or taking part in a rehabilitation program Restore Your Core, post-surgery, some of the common exercises and techniques consist of:
and techniques consist of:
Posture:
Spine, pelvis, and hip alignment is necessary for a sustained recovery. Being mindful of good posture will help relieve any additional strain or pressure you apply to your pelvic region.
Restful Poses:
These poses are positions which utilize gravity to encourage the pelvic organs to be “repositioned” back into the pelvic cavity.
Lower abdominal Exercises:
This involves contracting the lower abdominal muscles while practicing dynamic and static exercises. If done correctly, it can limit the stress placed on the interior organs during activities which increase intra-abdominal pressure (i.e. squats).
PFM Strengthening:
PFM strengthening exercises are a great way to help get your body back to its normal function and to heal from POP surgery. I advise getting instruction from a pelvic floor specialist who is trained in assessing the whole person to determine the appropriate exercise routines for you.
In my program, Restore Your Core, I cover many helpful exercises and routines that can help heal POP and any abdominal or core issues. To learn more about restorative exercises for uterine prolapse or other abdominal issues, consider checking out one of my previous blog posts on core workouts and exercises.
restoreyourcore.com/learn/pelvic-floor/is-pelvic-floor-re...
Women who are conscious about the small size of their breasts can go with breast augmentation or breast implants under supervision of experienced cosmetic surgeon Sydney. Are you in Sydney? Looking out for effective treatment to enhance the size of your breasts? If yes, no other treatment can serve you better than breast augmentation. It is a very popular surgical procedure to alter the overall size and shape of a woman’s breasts. Usually, it is performed to increase the size of small breasts and correct a loss of breast volume following pregnancy and balancing uneven breasts. It serves as a reconstructive procedure following a mastectomy or other breast surgery. You must know that this procedure requires the insertion of a breast implant either behind the breast tissue or under the pectoral muscle which leads to the natural breast tissue to be pushed forward and make it appeared fuller.
Always make sure to go for a breast surgery under the expert supervision of cosmetic surgeon Sydney who can assure you of providing best results without facing any kind of complications. There are different kinds of surgical treatments available but treatment for every patient depends upon his age, muscle tone and amount of breast tissue. These types of surgeries are usually performed in an accredited outpatient surgery center and requires general anesthesia. You may find a large number of medical professionals engaged in offering breast treatments but you must go for the most appropriate treatment under expert supervision.
However, if you cannot afford to hire specialists for consultation then you must consult experts online after logging onto concerned websites. There are some medical professionals even ready to offer their services at highly affordable charges. A patient will take atleast a week to recover from breast augmentation surgery and he must make sure to take all the precautions even after initial recovery from the surgical treatment. In some cases, small size of breasts makes a woman a laughing stock so she always looks out for the appropriate treatment to enhance the size of their breast. Breast Implants is supposed to be the most appropriate treatment for enhancing the breasts size but it has to be done under expert hands. What all required on your part, just approach a deserving medical professional and seek the best treatment thereon.
In a nutshell, it can be concluded from the above details that going with best breasts treatment will let you recover from any kind of complicacies in breasts. So, begin your exhaustive search online and hire the most deserving professional for treatment!
For more information about please visit us Breast Surgery and Cosmetic Surgeon Sydney
Zum Gedenken an die hier während der NS-Zeit aus politischen Gründen hingerichteten Frauen und Männer (in memoriam to the here during the Nazi era for political reasons executed women and men)
Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Matters
The Vienna Regional Court for Criminal Matters (colloquially referred to as "landl" (Landesgericht)) is one of 20 regional courts in Austria and the largest court in Austria. It is located in the 8th District of Vienna, Josefstadt, at the Landesgerichtsstraße 11. It is a court of first respectively second instance. A prisoners house, the prison Josefstadt, popularly often known as the "Grey House" is connected.
Court Organization
In this complex there are:
the Regional Court for Criminal Matters Vienna,
the Vienna District Attorney (current senior prosecutor Maria-Luise Nittel)
the Jurists association-trainee lawer union (Konzipientenverband) and
the largest in Austria existing court house jail, the Vienna Josefstadt prison.
The Regional Criminal Court has jurisdiction in the first instance for crimes and offenses that are not pertain before the district court. Depending on the severity of the crime, there is a different procedure. Either decides
a single judge,
a senate of lay assessors
or the jury court.
In the second instance, the District Court proceeds appeals and complaints against judgments of district courts. A three-judge Court decides here whether the judgment is canceled or not and, if necessary, it establishes a new sentence.
The current President Friedrich Forsthuber is supported by two Vice Presidents - Henriette Braitenberg-Zennenberg and Eve Brachtel.
In September 2012, the following data have been published
Austria's largest court
270 office days per year
daily 1500 people
70 judges, 130 employees in the offices
5300 proceedings (2011) for the custodial judges and legal protection magistrates, representing about 40 % of the total Austrian juridical load of work
over 7400 procedures at the trial judges (30 % of the total Austrian juridical load of work)
Prosecution with 93 prosecutors and 250 employees
19,000 cases against 37,000 offenders (2011 )
Josefstadt prison with 1,200 inmates (overcrowded)
History
1839-1918
The original building of the Vienna Court House, the so-called civil Schranne (corn market), was from 1440 to 1839 located at the Hoher Markt 5. In 1773 the Schrannenplatz was enlarged under Emperor Joseph II and the City Court and the Regional Court of the Viennese Magistrate in this house united. From this time it bore the designation "criminal court".
Due to shortcomings of the prison rooms in the Old Court on Hoher Markt was already at the beginning of the 19th Century talk of building a new crime courthouse, but this had to be postponed because of bankruptcy in 1811.
In 1816 the construction of the criminal court building was approved. Although in the first place there were voices against a construction outside the city, as building ground was chosen the area of the civil Schießstätte (shooting place) and the former St. Stephanus-Freithofes in then Alservorstadt (suburb); today, in this part Josefstadt. The plans of architect Johann Fischer were approved in 1831, and in 1832 was began with the construction, which was completed in 1839. On 14 May 1839 was held the first meeting of the Council.
Provincial Court at the Landesgerichtsstraße between November 1901 and 1906
Johann Fischer fell back in his plans to Tuscan early Renaissance palaces as the Pitti Palace or Palazzo Pandolfini in Florence. The building was erected on a 21,872 m² plot with a length of 223 meters. It had two respectively three floors (upper floors), the courtyard was divided into three wings, in which the prisoner's house stood. In addition, a special department for the prison hospital (Inquisitenspital ) and a chapel were built.
The Criminal Court of Vienna was from 1839 to 1850 a city court which is why the Vice Mayor of Vienna was president of the criminal courts in civil and criminal matters at the same time. In 1850 followed the abolition of municipal courts. The state administration took over the Criminal Court on 1 Juli 1850. From now on, it had the title "K.K. Country's criminal court in Vienna".
1851, juries were introduced. Those met in the large meeting hall, then as now, was on the second floor of the office wing. The room presented a double height space (two floors). 1890/1891 followed a horizontal subdivision. Initially, the building stood all alone there. Only with the 1858 in the wake of the demolition of the city walls started urban expansion it was surrounded by other buildings.
From 1870 to 1878, the Court experienced numerous conversions. Particular attention was paid to the tract that connects directly to the Alserstraße. On previously building ground a three-storey arrest tract and the Jury Court tract were built. New supervened the "Neutrakt", which presented a real extension and was built three respectively four storied. From 1873 on, executions were not executed publicly anymore but only in the prison house. The first execution took place on 16 December 1876 in the "Galgenhof" (gallow courtyard), the accused were hanged there on the Würgegalgen (choke gallow).
By 1900 the prisoners house was extended. In courtyard II of the prison house kitchen, laundry and workshop buildings and a bathing facility for the prisoners were created. 1906/1907 the office building was enlarged. The two-storied wing tract got a third and three-storied central section a fourth floor fitted.
1918-1938
In the early years of the First Republic took place changes of the court organization. Due to the poor economy and the rapid inflation, the number of cases and the number of inmates rose sharply. Therefore, it was in Vienna on 1 October 1920 established a second Provincial Court, the Regional Court of Criminal Matters II Vienna, as well as an Expositur of the prisoner house at Garnisongasse.
One of the most important trials of the interwar period was the shadow village-process (Schattendorfprozess - nomen est omen!), in which on 14th July 1927, the three defendants were acquitted. In January 1927 front fighters had shot into a meeting of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, killing two people. The outrage over the acquittal was great. At a mass demonstration in front of the Palace of Justice on 15th July 1927, which mainly took place in peaceful manner, invaded radical elements in the Palace of Justice and set fire ( Fire of the Palace Justice), after which the overstrained police preyed upon peaceful protesters fleeing from the scene and caused many deaths.
The 1933/1934 started corporate state dictatorship had led sensational processes against their opponents: examples are the National Socialists processes 1934 and the Socialists process in 1936 against 28 "illegal" socialists and two Communists, in which among others the later leaders Bruno Kreisky and Franz Jonas sat on the dock.
Also in 1934 in the wake of the February Fights and the July Coup a series of processes were carried out by summary courts and military courts. Several ended with death sentences that were carried out by hanging in "Galgenhof" of the district court .
1938-1945
The first measures the Nazis at the Regional Criminal Court after the "Anschluss" of Austria to the German Reich in 1938 had carried out, consisted of the erection of a monument to ten Nazis, during the processes of the events in July 1934 executed, and of the creation of an execution space (then space 47 C, today consecration space where 650 names of resistance fighters are shown) with a guillotine supplied from Berlin (then called device F, F (stands for Fallbeil) like guillotine).
During the period of National Socialism were in Vienna Regional Court of 6 December 1938 to 4th April 1945 1.184 persons executed. Of those, 537 were political death sentences against civilians, 67 beheadings of soldiers, 49 war-related offenses, 31 criminal cases. Among those executed were 93 women in all age groups, including a 16-year-old girl and a 72-year-old woman who had both been executed for political reasons.
On 30 June 1942 were beheaded ten railwaymen from Styria and Carinthia, who were active in the resistance. On 31 July 1943, 31 people were beheaded in an hour, a day later, 30. The bodies were later handed over to the Institute of Anatomy at the University of Vienna and remaining body parts buried later without a stir at Vienna's Central Cemetery in shaft graves. To thein the Nazi era executed, which were called "Justifizierte" , belonged the nun Maria Restituta Kafka and the theology student Hannsgeorg Heintschel-Heinegg.
The court at that time was directly subordinated to the Ministry of Justice in Berlin.
1945-present
The A-tract (Inquisitentrakt), which was destroyed during a bombing raid in 1944 was built in the Second Republic again. This was also necessary because of the prohibition law of 8 May 1945 and the Criminal Law of 26 June 1945 courts and prisons had to fight with an overcrowding of unprecedented proportions.
On 24 March 1950, the last execution took place in the Grey House. Women murderer Johann Trnka had two women attacked in his home and brutally murdered, he had to bow before this punishment. On 1 July 1950 the death penalty was abolished in the ordinary procedure by Parliament. Overall, occured in the Regionl Court of Criminal Matters 1248 executions. In 1967, the execution site was converted into a memorial.
In the early 1980s, the building complex was revitalized and expanded. The building in the Florianigasse 8, which previously had been renovated, served during this time as an emergency shelter for some of the departments. In 1994, the last reconstruction, actually the annex of the courtroom tract, was completed. In 2003, the Vienna Juvenile Court was dissolved as an independent court, iIts agendas were integrated in the country's criminal court.
Prominent processes since 1945, for example, the Krauland process in which a ÖVP (Österreichische Volkspartei - Austrian People's Party) minister was accused of offenses against properties, the affair of the former SPÖ (Sozialistische Partei Österreichs - Austrian Socialist Party) Minister and Trade Unions president Franz Olah, whose unauthorized financial assistance resulted in a newspaper establishment led to conviction, the murder affairs Sassak and the of the Lainzer nurses (as a matter of fact, auxiliary nurses), the consumption (Konsum - consumer cooporatives) process, concerning the responsibility of the consumer Manager for the bankruptcy of the company, the Lucona proceedings against Udo Proksch, a politically and socially very well- networked man, who was involved in an attempted insurance fraud, several people losing their lives, the trial of the Nazi Holocaust denier David Irving for Wiederbetätigung (re-engagement in National Socialist activities) and the BAWAG affair in which it comes to breaches of duty by bank managers and vanished money.
Presidents of the Regional Court for Criminal Matters in Vienna since 1839 [edit ]
Josef Hollan (1839-1844)
Florian Philipp (1844-1849)
Eduard Ritter von Wittek (1850-1859)
Franz Ritter von Scharschmied (1859-1864)
Franz Ritter von Boschan (1864-1872)
Franz Josef Babitsch (1873-1874)
Joseph Ritter von Weitenhiller (1874-1881)
Franz Schwaiger (1881-1889)
Eduard Graf Lamezan -Salins (1889-1895)
Julius von Soos (1895-1903)
Paul von Vittorelli (1903-1909)
Johann Feigl (1909-1918)
Karl Heidt (1918-1919)
Ludwig Altmann (1920-1929)
Emil Tursky (1929-1936)
Philipp Charwath (1936-1938)
Otto Nahrhaft (1945-1950)
Rudolf Naumann (1951-1954)
Wilhelm Malaniu (1955-1963)
Johann Schuster (1963-1971)
Konrad Wymetal (1972-1976)
August Matouschek (1977-1989)
Günter Woratsch (1990-2004)
Ulrike Psenner (2004-2009)
Friedrich Forsthuber (since 2010)
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landesgericht_f%C3%BCr_Strafsachen_...
A wide view of the Security Council meeting on the Implementation of the note by the President of the Security Council and the working methods of the Security Council. On the screen is Lorraine Sievers, co-author of "The Procedure of the UN Security Council", 4th edition.
UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe
16 June 2021
New York, United States of America
Photo # UN7897246
Pima Air and Space Museum
BOEING AH-64 APACHE COCKPIT, WEAPONS, AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES TRAINER
The Boeing AH-64 Apache is an advanced attack helicopter used by the United States Army and various foreign militaries. First flown on September 30, 1975 the Apache was conceived by Hughes in response to the US Army request for a replacement for the Bell AH-1 Cobra. The Apache is a two man helicopter that can fly in all weather, and carries a standard weapons load of a 30mm chain gun, AGM-114 Hellfire missiles, 70mm rockets, and AIM-92 stinger missiles. Apaches went into operational service in April 1986. They are currently being used by ten foreign militaries and are built under contract by AugustaWestland for the British Army's Army Air Corp. In 1997 the AH-64D Apache Longbow went into service with upgraded sensors and fire control.
The simulator on display is an Apache Cockpit, Weapons, and Emergency Procedures Trainer (CWEPT) built and used by LSI Inc. in Jacksonville, Florida. LSI builds procedural trainers for various Army helicopters and gives training and technical support to the US Government and foreign militaries. This simulator recreates a typical Apache cockpit for training flight crews on cockpit layout, weapons systems, and how to handle aircraft emergencies. The flight crew is made up of the copilot gunner in the front and the pilot in the rear. Both crewmembers have flying and weapons controls in case the other is incapacitated.
Simulators similar to this one are used at the Western Army National Guard Aviation Training Site (WAATS) at Silverbell Army Heliport in Marana, Arizona. WAATS is a major attack and aero scout training facility for Army National Guard, US Army, and the British Army Apache units. The unique location provides year around good weather, a sparse population, and close access to the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range.
Technical Specifications
Main Rotor Diameter: 48 ft
Length: 58 ft 2 in
Height: 12 ft 8 in
Weight: 17,650 lb
Maximum level speed: 182 mph
Service Ceiling: 21,000 ft
Range: 295 mi
Engine: Two General Electric T700-GE-701C turboshafts, 1,890 horsepower each
Crew: 2
Ensure a clean and healthy household involves a series of gruesome works, which include carpet cleanings. A carpet can be full of insecticides and dust is damaged beyond the common understanding. But this has become essential for people to find the requirements to keep the rugs clean at home. Otherwise dangers surpass the usability and effectiveness of the product. Professional and the chemical industry have worked to produce and bring to market technology that can create carpet cleaning very easy and efficient.
A carpet of good relations with the attributes of value in having a long life and better looking, comfortable and soft to the touch may be first judge by the manufacturer. The manufacturer and the label can find the points related to the proper maintenance of your carpet. It is also difficult to understand the decision. The small soft carpet, technically known as carpets are soft and delicate fiber which requires experience at a level rarely denoted. These carpets require special cleaning and care, which is a complicated issue. This is because soft tissues are delicate that the unity of the friction and brushing can destroy the quality. There is a small community clean unofficial figures are based on various and information on green carpet cleaning is common. The Most extravagant way to eliminate the risk of spreading is to keep the carpet clean.
Then here is the question of to what extent the application of chemicals or detergents. To manage this complexity, it is one of best to initiate with a sensible amount. Rub, not too hard on the segment or the stain that was mounted on the dust, while the cleaner has been used. If the test does not like to wash, try more detergent. It is effective to avoid large amounts of chemical agents and washing, for example, maintain security in color and tissue damage.
Use lemon juice or non-chlorine bleach and salt for carpets with black shades, which can help you to remove stains and discoloration stuffier as intact, without damaging any thing. For the dry cleaning, it is vital to keep in mind that, carpet should leave in sun-dried or dry dried.
Also, how the vacuum is used, it also adds a great help in managing the carpet cleaning. It is instructed that the vacuum should be permitted to move in the ruins of carpets from all directions. It would collect dust and undesirable elements, and leave the carpet cleaner.
The Facility of the Carpet Cleaners
It’s 'no doubt. Sooner or later, a new carpet is new. Despite the drastic conversion of poor fresh and sassy as soon as he basked in the new carpet was installed, the layout can be a fashion too immediately if you stay on top of dirt. Admittedly, you can hire a car to take this task alone. But like a good idea to take the carper cleaners? This is a proper way to saving the money? We change the probability of happy outcome to your advantage. If not, vacuum once again. This is the initial thing to do. It applies if you take on the work yourself or hire the carpet cleaners. This reduces the dirty things when the process of carpet cleaning has been processed. Your machine comes with instructions for hire. There is a reason. You
want to ensure you understand how the machine works. The carpet is too cold to ruin when trying to save the money.
So much of a good thing may be bad. This is great moment while it comes to shampoo the carpet. Use the amount is not more, dilute with the water to the level expected less. Since any residue of shampoo remaining dirt to attract only the "clean" the carpet. That defeats the aim here is not it? Cleaning in an edge will leave walking on the carpet you have cleaned. This is not the concept. So make a plan of your approach as a path of escape that does not walk on the carpet freshly washed.
It is easy to create a big fault while carpet cleaning by self. This is not to be sincere with the amount of water you use on your carpet. Over-wet the carpet cleaners are a general mistake amateurs make carpet. Someone, who can make it harder to dry your carpets at the end, and the largest that takes a greater risk of mold set in. The fans are useful for ventilation of spaces where you are cleaning the carpet. If you can open the windows, mass air flow will only promote faster drying. For sure stay away from the carpet when it is wet. So wait, till it is completely dry before moving furniture into space. When the carpet will dries take a gap again and use it throughout the area just cleaned. This is to absorb the dirt, the carpet back evil that is due to dehydration. Repeat after me, not wetting the carpet. Avoid this mistake is the benefit of good result here.
Select a Good Carpet Cleaning Company for you
Keeping our homes fresh and clean is a very good and necessary work to be implemented successfully over time. If you think your life likes to revolve around cleaning, floors dusting or change the bed sheets, you can get to be mistaken for some types of problem. For important works here is a good solution available to you out of these problems. There are many maid services are provided by trained professionals and the number of cleaning house Guildford, available in various options. There are many companies that we provide cleaning services in Guildford different Places.
And whether you are creating maintenance, you might want to keep the cleaning section Guildford cleaning company. Many of the issues are taken into account when, we have to choose a little cleaning. Although the price, frequency and reliability of suppliers are the vital things to research well before going to a contractor, there are other vital considerations as well. In buildings, we humans eventually need a lot of cleaning services in Guildford time. The other services required of manufacturers, is the carpet cleaning.
Even, if you do the cleaning action of your own using just the steam carpet cleaning. We know the bear to be ordinary spots appeared on the covers in case it became necessary for us for cleaning our carpets effectively. All steam cleaning, even it may be a tedious work for you, and especially it may be ineffective and dangerous for us, if not done right by us.
So with regular washing of the window and gutter cleaning action is necessary to call a good idea to hire a professional carpet cleaning service in Guildford deep carpets and renovated. In addition, you can not just come out to select any carpet cleaning company for your business. A carpet cleaning company should be able to Guildford to give you the best service and be capable to present one of the application and benefits of enterprise services they provide to their clients.
However, there are many differences in cleaning in our own contracting services company for this type of work. Make carpet cleaning on your own can make your carpet with various types of problems such as padding, molding and the carpet can be shown that the shape of spots. Proper drying can be difficult when professional carpet cleaning with a special type of commercial fans to dry carpet. Therefore, those are the main differences that are generally found in these aspects.